Unit 2 How often do you exercise？Section A 讲义课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
八年级上册教学讲义
初中英语
JUNIOR ENGLISH
GRADE EIGHT VOLUMN I
Vocabuary
housework ['ha sw k] n.家务劳动
do housework做家务=do chores
homework
schoolwork
Vocabuary
once [w ns] adv.一次；曾经
one-first-once
1
2
一次
曾经（过去时）
3.一旦
once a week/month/year
I once met your father.
Once you got the chance, just try your best!
once
Vocabuary
hardly ['hɑ dli] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚
ever ['ev (r)] adv.曾经；在任何时候
hardly (ever) 很少；几乎从不；难得
1)通常用于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
She hardly ever calls me.她几乎从未给我打过电话。
There is hardly any tea left.没有剩下多少茶了。
hardly 副词 意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义
hard 副词 意为“努力地；猛烈地”
形容词 意为“困难的；辛苦的；坚硬的；努力的"
易混辨析
hardly与hard
I can hardly believe he is practicing hard in the yard. It's hard work to exercise outside when it blows hard.
我几乎不能相信他正在院子里努力练习。当风刮得很猛烈的时候，在户外练习是很困难的差事。
语境串记
Vocabuary
twice [twa s] adv.两倍；两次
two-second-twice
twice a day/week/year
think twice 再三思考
twice还可意为“两倍”。
Cats sleep twice as much as people.猫睡觉的时间是人的两倍。
Vocabuary
twice [twa s] adv.两倍；两次
two-second-twice
twice a day/week/year
program ['pr ɡr m] n.节目；程序；课程
TV program电视节目
Vocabuary
Internet [' nt net] n.因特网
use the Internet=go online上网
ont the Internet在网上
Internet user网络用户
Vocabuary
full [f l] adj.满的；充满的；完全的
1
2
忙的
充满的
3吃饱了的
相当于busy，其反义词是free
反义词是empty“空的”。
be full of“充满”=be filled with
反义词是hungry
full
This week is too full for me.
The bottle is full of water.
Thank you for your delicious cake, but I am really full.
Vocabuary
swing [sw ] n.摇摆；秋千 v.摇摆；旋转
swing dance摇摆舞
swing set秋千架
Vocabuary
maybe ['me bi] adv.或许；也许；可能
maybe 作副词，意为“大概；或许；可能”，常为于句首，表示可能性。
Maybe my mother goes shopping once a week.
我妈妈大概一周购物一次
maybe 副词，在句中作状语，意为“大概；或许；可能”，相当于perhaps Maybe she is a doctor.=She may be a doctor.她可能是个医生。
may be may 是情态动词，may be属“情态动词+动词原形”结构，在句中作谓语，意为“可能是”。 He may be a doctor.
他也许是个医生
易混辨析 maybe与may be
Vocabuary
least [li st] adj.最小的；最少的
little-less-least
at least至少 at most，意为“至多；不超过"。
less than少于，比...少
Teenagers need to sleep at least 8 hours every day.青少年每天至少要睡八个小时。
You can borrow at most three books once.你一次至多可以借三本书。
Vocabuary
junk n.垃圾
junk food n.垃圾食品；
coffee ['k fi] n.咖啡；咖啡色
Vocabuary
health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态
be in good health=keep in good health=stay in good health 保持健康
be in good/poor health身体好/差
Smoking does harm to health. 吸烟有害健康。
My grandma is in good health. 我祖母身体很好。
Vocabuary
health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态
healthy adj. 健康的 unhealthy adj.不健康的
healthily adv. 健康地
keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康
a healthy diet/lifestyle 健康的饮食/生活方式
Vocabuary
result [r 'z lt] n.结果；后果
as a result结果 without result 徒劳地；毫无结果
percent [p 'sent] adj.百分之...的
（1）percent作名词，意为“百分之………，没有复数形式。如：one percent百 分之一， thirty percent百分之三十。
（2）"基数词+percent + of the+名词“结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由 该结构中的 名词来决定。
Twenty percent of the students agree with you.
Thirty percent of the time passes.
Vocabuary
online [ n'la n] adj.在线的 adv.在线地
adj.
adv.
在线的
在线地
词形
~ shopping/ course/game/education/payment
go ~上网
shop ~网购
offline adj.线下的
online
Vocabuary
television ['tel v n] n.电视机；电视节目
~ set/ ~ program/~ station
although [ l' ] conj.虽然尽管；然而；可是
表示转折，不能与but连用。可以与yet连用
Although he is only five, he knows a lot about geography.
Look at the picutre. Make a list of the weekend activities.
1a
1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________
help with housework
watch TV
exercise
read (a book)
go shopping
n. 家务劳动；家务事
Pre-listening
帮助。help with后面常跟名词或代词作宾语。
a
b
c
d
e
Reporter: What do you usually do on weekends
Girl 1: I sometimes go shopping.
Boy 1: I never go shopping. I usually watch TV.
Boy 2: I always exercise.
Girl 2: I often help with housework.
Reporter: How about you
Girl 3: I hardly ever watch TV. I always read.
Reporter: Oh, why is that
Girl 3: Oh, I don't know. I guess I just like books.
Tape script
1b
What do you usually do on weekends 你周末通常做什么
1
知识点
on weekends 在周未
on weekends（美式英语）意为“在周末”，相当于at weekends（英式英语）。有时也用on the weekend（美式）或at the weekend(英式）。
I often visit my grandparents on/at weekends.
我周末经常去看望我的祖父母。
The office is closed on/at the weekend.
本办事处周六和周日不办公。
用法详解
help with housework 帮忙做家务
2
知识点
help with 帮助
help with意为“帮助”，后常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
Can you help with my homework 你能帮助我做家庭作业吗
The task is so difficult. I need someone to help with it.
这个任务很难。我需要有人来帮忙完成它。
Linda helped with cooking the dinner.
琳达帮忙做晚饭了。
help作动词时，还有以下用法：
help oneself(to sth.) 随便吃/喝（某物）
can't/ couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
help sb.with sth.=help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事
Please help yourself to some juice.请随便喝点果汁吧。
Hearing that good news,I can't help jumping.
听到那个好消息，我情不自禁地跳了起来。
Jo helped us to organize the party.乔帮助我们筹备了聚会。
拓展延伸
help
v.帮助
help sb. (to) do sth.
with sth.
help oneself to ...
can't help doing...
n.帮助
短语
help with
help out
with the ~ of sb. =with one's ~
词形
helper-helpful-helpless-helping-helplessness
exercise v.&n.运动；锻炼
3
（1）exercise作动词，意为“运动；锻炼”。
You’d better exercise every day.你最好每天都运动。
（2）exercise还可作名词，意为“运动；锻炼”，通常为不可数名词；表示“一套动作”或“练习（题）”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式。
take exercise做运动
do morning exercises做早操
do eye exercises做眼保健操
do English exercises 做英语练习
用法详解
Mr.Wang often exercises. Every morning, he takes exercise in the park. And he asks his son to do eye exercises twice a day.
王先生经常运动。每天早晨，他都会在公园锻炼身体。他还要求他的儿子每天做两次眼保健操。
语境串记
典例
You should do more_____ instead of(而不是）sitting at the desk busy doing your_____.
exercise；exercises
B. exercises；exercises
C. exercise；exercise
D. exercises；exercise
解析句意：你应该多运动，而不是坐在桌旁忙碌地做你的练习题。第一空处泛指“锻炼”，exercise用作不可数名词；第二空处作”练习题”讲，exercise为可数名词，常用复数形式。故选A。
sometimes adv.有时；间或
4
用法详解
sometimes为频度副词，意为“有时；间或”，相当于at times。多用于现在时或过去时中。可位于句首、句中和句末。
I like rice ,but sometimes I think noodles are very delicious, too.
我喜欢米饭，但有时觉得面条也挺好吃的。
Sometimes he felt lonely when he was a child.
他在孩提时有时会感到孤独。
hardly ever 几乎从不
5
用法详解
hardly ever 几乎从不
Point1
hardly ever表示频率，其表达的含义与seldom或almost never相近。
She hardly ever(=seldom) calls me.
She lives in Spain, so we hardly ever(=almost never)see her.
hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有
Point2
hardly 作副词，相当于almost no, almost not。本身表示否定含义，不能再与否定词连用。
I hardly know you.
hardly 副词 意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义
hard 副词 意为“努力地；猛烈地”
形容词 意为“困难的；辛苦的；坚硬的；努力的"
易混辨析
hardly与hard
I can hardly believe he is practicing hard in the yard. It's hard work to exercise outside when it blows hard.
我几乎不能相信他正在院子里努力练习。当风刮得很猛烈的时候，在户外练习是很困难的差事。
语境串记
Read 1c and pay attention to the position of adverbs of frequency.
A: What do you do on weekends
B: I usually watch TV.
A: Do you go shopping
B: No, I never go shopping.
A: What does he/she do on weekends
B: He/She usually watches TV.
A: Does he/she go shopping
B: No, he/she never goes shopping.
频度副词位于动词前。
Post-listening
Reporter: So, Cheng Tao, how often do you watch TV
Cheng Tao: Hmm…about twice a week, I guess.
Reporter: Uh-huh. And how often do you read
Cheng Tao: Oh, I read every day at school!
Reporter: How often do you go to the movies
Cheng Tao: Uh…let me see ... maybe once a month
Reporter: How often do you exercise
Cheng Tao: Oh, I exercise about three times a week.
Reporter: How often do you shop
Cheng Tao: Shop I shop about ... about twice a month.
Tape script
2a/2b
once a week 一周一次
Once adv.一次；曾经
6
用法详解
（1）once在此处意为“一次”，常用来回答how often的提问。
—How often do you go shopping 你多久购物一次
—Once a week.一周一次。
（2）once还可表示不确定的时间，意为“曾经”，常用于肯定句，与过去时连用。一般位于行为动词之前、系动词之后。
例句：
He once lived in Hangzhou.他曾经住在杭州。
This book was famous, once but now nobody reads it.
这本书曾名噪一时，但现在却无人问津。
位于行为边词之前
位于be动词之后
twice a week 一周两次
Twice adv.两次；两倍
7
（1）twice在此处作“两次“讲，表示频率。
常用短语：
twice a month/year一月/年两次
think twice 再三思考
I play chess at least twice a week.每周我至少下两次象棋。
Think twice before you do it.三思而后行。
（2）twice还可意为“两倍”。
Cats sleep twice as much as people.猫睡觉的时间是人的两倍。
用法详解
次数表达法
表示次数应注意，time后面加-s；
一次两次很特殊，once，twice要牢记。
I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视。
8
every day 每天
every day 副词短语 副词意“每天”，相当于each day，在句中作状语
everyday 形容词 意为“每天的，日常的”，相当于daily,在句中作定语
易混辨析 every day 与everyday
It is necessary for us to learn everyday English every day.我们有必要每天学习日常英语。
语境 串记
How often do you do these activities Fill in the chart and then make conversations.
2c
Activities How often
watch TV every day
use the Internet
read English books
go to the movies
exercise
Post-listening
A: How often do you watch TV
B: I watch TV every day.
A: What's your favorite program
B: Animal World.
A: How often do you watch it
B: Twice a week.
n.（=programme)节目
Post-listening
5. use the Internet (教材P10 2c)
Language points
Internet n. (国际)互联网；因特网
Point
Internet相当于the Net，其前常用定冠词the修饰。常用短语：surf the Internet网上冲浪；on the Internet在网上。
My brother likes surfing the Internet very much.
You can buy our goods on the Internet.
摇摆舞属于爵士乐的一个分支，又称“摇摆爵士舞”，初现于20世纪早期的美国，并于20至50年代逐步发展成为一个独立的舞蹈分支，其音乐由爵士（Jazz）和蓝调(Blues)音乐演变而来，有摆荡的感觉，故而得名。
在美国，摇摆舞在不同地域有多种不同的形式，其中最为著名的是一种名为“林迪舞”（Lindy Hop）的男女双人舞。除此之外，摇摆舞还有吉特巴(Jitterbug)，查尔斯顿(Charleston)、巴布阿(Balboa)、东岸摇摆舞(East Coast Swing)和西岸摇摆舞(West Coast Swing)等形式。
swing dance
Post-listening
Listen and read the conversation.
Jack: Hi, Claire, are you free next week
Claire: Hmm…next week is quite full for me, Jack.
Jack: Really How come
Claire: I have dance and piano lessons.
Jack: What kind of dance are you
learning
Claire: Oh, swing dance. It’s fun! I have
class once a week, every Monday.
Jack: How often do you have piano
lessons
Claire: Twice a week, on Wednesday
and Friday.
Jack: Well, how about Tuesday
Claire: Oh, I have to play tennis with my
friends. But do you want to come
Jack: Sure!
2d
....next week is quite full for me, Jack.……我下周相当忙，杰克。
9
知识点
full adj.忙的；满的；充满的
（1）full在此处意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是free“没有安排活动的；空闲的”。其反义词是free“没有安排活动的；空闲的”。
This week is too full for me.我这周太忙了。
（2）full意为“满的”，反义词是empty“空的”。短语be full of“充满”与be filled with同义
The bottle is full of water.这个瓶子里装满了水。
（3）full作形容词时，还可意为“吃饱了的”，其反义词是hungry“感到饿的；饥饿的”。
Thank you for your delicious cake, but I am really full.
谢谢你美味的蛋糕，但是我真的吃饱了。
【根据汉语意思填空】。
教室里挤满了学生。
The classroom ____________________students.
is full of/is filled with
10
“How come "是英语口语中的一个习语，相当于汉语“为什么呢 ”或“怎么会呢？”，既可独立使用，也可在其后接句子，用来询间事情的缘由或状况。
How come the sky is so blue today 今天的天怎么这么蓝
一Tom didn't come to school today. 汤姆今天没有上学。
一Really How come 是吗 怎么会呢？
How come 为什么呢
why 其后接的句子要用疑问语序 Why are you late again
你为什么又迟到了呢？
how come 其后接的句子要用陈述语序 How come you are late again 你为什么又迟到了呢？
易混辨析why与how come
13
11
What kind of dance are you learning 你正在学习什么类型的舞蹈
知识点
What kind of+名词+一般疑问句？
该句型用来询问种类，意为“……哪种类、型的…….”。
What kind of movie would you like 你喜欢哪种类型的电影
What kind of books are you reading 你正在读什么类型的书？
12
Oh, I have to play tennis with my friend噢，我得跟我的朋友打网球
知识点
have to不得不，必须
（1）have to后必须跟动词原形，且有人称和时态变化。
I had to finish my homework first yesterday.
昨天我必须先完成我的家庭作业。
She has to look after her little brother.
她不得不照顾她的弟弟。
用法详解
时态 肯定式 否定式 疑问式
一般现在时 have to has to don't have to doesn't have to do...have to
does…have to
一般过去时 had to didn't have to did...have to
We don't have to go to school on weekends. 周末我们不必上学。
He didn't have to buy the computer yesterday. 昨天他没必要买电脑。
—Do I have to wash the dishes now 我现在必须洗碗吗？
—Yes，you do.是的，你必须洗。
（2）have to的否定式和疑问式要借用助动词do的适当，形式构成。
have to 强调客观需要，含有“不得不”和“被迫”的意思 有人称、时态和数的变化
must 强调主观，指主观上认为自己有义务去做 没有人称、时态和数的变化
My grandfather had to leave school because his family was poor.因为家庭贫困，我爷爷不得不辍学。（表示无奈，含被迫的意思）
I must wash my hands before eating.吃饭前我必须洗手。（强调自己的主观意识，无人强迫）
易混辨析have to与must
典例
You _____take me to the station. My brother's taking me.
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. don't have to
解析 由题千中的“我哥哥要带我去”可推断，你“不必”带我去车站。don't have to意为“不必；没有必要”。
What do you usually do on weekends I always exercise.
What do they do on weekends They often help with housework.
What does she do on weekends She sometimes goes shopping.
How often do you go to the movies I go to the movies maybe once a month.
How often does he watch TV He hardly ever watches TV.
Does he go shopping No, he never goes shopping.
Grammar
13
I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一个月去看一次电影。
知识点1
maybe adv.大概；或许；可能
maybe 作副词，意为“大概；或许；可能”，常为于句首，表示可能性。
Maybe my mother goes shopping once a week.
我妈妈大概一周购物一次
maybe 副词，在句中作状语，意为“大概；或许；可能”，相当于perhaps Maybe she is a doctor.=She may be a doctor.她可能是个医生。
may be may 是情态动词，may be属“情态动词+动词原形”结构，在句中作谓语，意为“可能是”。
易混辨析 maybe与may be
由how构成的其他疑问短语的用法
短语 含义 用法 答语
how far 多远 提问时间 5meters,10minutes'. walk等表示距离的词或短语
how long 多长 提问时间 提问物体长度 for+时间段
10km等表示长度的
how soon 多久 提问时间 in+时间段
how old 多大 提问年龄 12years old等表示年龄的词或短语
how much 多少钱 多少 提问价格, 对不可数多少名词的数量提问 5dollars，2 yuan a kilo等表示价格的词或短语
a lot of,3glasses(of) 等修饰不可数名词的词或短语
how many 多少 对可数名词的数量提问 100等具体的数词或several等修饰可数名词的词或短语
典例
—_____does your father go to the fitness center
—He exercises there twice a week.
How soon
B. How often
C .How long
解析由答语中的twice a week可知，问句是对频率提问。故选B。
1. How often _____he play soccer
2. ____you drink milk
3. How often ____they stay up late
4. ______Sue eat a healthy breakfast
5. How often ____you eat apples
6. ___ your parents play sports
Complete the questions with do or does. Then match the questions and answers.
does
Do
do
Does
do
Do
3a
指导：
首先，读句子理解大意。然后，分析句子结构，看句子的主语是否第三人称单数形式。
Then match the questions and answers.
1. How often dose he play soccer？
2. Do you drink milk
3. How often do they stay up late
4. Dose Sue eat a healthy breakfast
5. How often do you eat apples？
6. Do your parents play sports
a. Yes, she usually does.
b. Hardly ever. I don’t like them.
c. He plays at least twice a week.
d. No, they don’t. They’re too busy.
e. Never. They always go to bed early.
f. Yes, I do. Every day.
He plays at least twice a week.他每周至少踢两次（足球）。
15
at least意为“至少；不少于；起码”。其中least是little的最高级，意为“最少；最小”。at least的反义短语是at most，意为“至多；不超过"。
Teenagers need to sleep at least 8 hours every day.
青少年每天至少要睡八个小时。
You can borrow at most three books once.
你一次至多可以借三本书。
知识点
at least至少；不少于；起码
16
How often do they stay up late 他们多久熬一次夜？
stay up为“动词+副词”结构的短语，后可跟late，all night等修饰词。
I stayed up late last night, and today I can't get up on time.
昨晚我熬夜太晚，今天不能按时起床。
知识点
stay up 熬夜
典例
一Don’t _____late，Betty. You have to go to school early tomorrow.
一0K, Mom. I'll go to bed right now.
A. put up
B. stay up
C. sit down
D. fall down
解析根据题干中的“你明天还得早点上学”以及“我马上就上床睡觉”可推断，空处是想表达“不要熬夜太晚”，故stay up符合题意。
Summary
Expressions
hardly ever
swing dance
New words
housework
hardly
ever
once
twice
Internet
program
full
swing
frequency adverb
— What do you do on weekends
— I usually/always/often...
Sentences
—How often do you…
—Twice a week/...
always(100%)
usually
often
sometimes
hardly ever
never(0%)
>
>
>
>
>
—How come？
—I have...
sometimes
free
短语
1.很少；几乎从不 __________ _________
2.帮忙做家务 __________ _________housework
3.上网________ _________= ________ the Internet
hardly ever
help with
go online surf
短语
4.上舞蹈课和钢琴课 ____________ dance and piano ___________
5. 有时，不时 __________ = ____________
6.一周一次 __________ ___________________
have lessons
sometimes at times=from time to time
once a week
Post-listening
100%
70%
50%
20%
5%
0%
always
usually
often
sometimes
hardly
never
总是，一直
通常
常常
有时
几乎不
从不
频度副词
（frequency adverb）
频度副词(frequency adverb)
Grammar Focus
频度副词表示某一动作或状态出现的频率，即在一定时间内某一动作或状态重复出现的次数，常用来回答how often的提问。
I always exercise.
I go to the movies maybe once a month.
No, I never go shopping.
频度副词的种类
Grammar Focus
不表示具体次数的频度副词（按频率从高到低排列）
always (100%)
总数
almost always
几乎总是
usually
通常
often
经常
sometimes
有时
hardly ever(seldom)
几乎从不（很少）
never(0%)
从不
>
>
>
>
>
We often play basketball after school.
He is never late for class.
1
频度副词的位置
Grammar Focus
I’m always happy to see her.
实义动词之前
频度副词
be动词、助动词、情态动词之后
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于句首。
She always goes to school by bus.
Sometimes he goes to work by bus.
I can never forget it.
对频度副词的提问
Grammar Focus
—How often does he come here
—Once a week.
对频度副词进行提问常用how often, 表示“多久一次”。
( ) 1. --- Ms. Lin is very popular among the students.
--- Yes, Her classes are ______ lively and interesting.
A. always B. sometimes C. hardly
( ) 2. --- Do you think this math problem is difficult --- Yes. I can work it out.
A.hardly B. easily C. finally
A
A
( ) 3. Lucy is thinking of others. She is a kind girl.
A. often B. always C. never
( ) 4. --- How often do you go to see your grandparents --- ______.
A. For three months B. In two days C. Once a week
B
C
( ) 5. I ______ take a bus to school, but ______ I walk to school.
A. usually; sometimes B. usually; usually C. sometime; usually
A
sometimes有时 频度副词 表示事情发生的频率，对其提问要用how often
sometime某个时候 副词 指将来或过去某个不确切的副词某个时候时间，对其提问要用when
some times几次 名词短语 time为可数名词，表示“次数”，对其提问要用how many times
some time一段时间 名词短语 time为不可数名词，对其提问要用how long
数名词，表示“时
sometimes，sometime，some times与some time
易混辨析
巧学妙计
分开是“一段”（some time)，
相连为“某时"（sometime）；
分开s是“次、回”（some times)，
相连s是“有时"（sometimes）。