2023届高考英语复习之词汇完形分析课件（35张）

(共35张PPT)
高考复习备考词汇完形分析
C
ontents
目录
高考完形填空的命题特点和原则
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完形填空基本解题思路以及解题技巧
02
完形词汇教学实际操作
04
普通高中英语课程标准关于词汇的要求
03
词汇完形的训练形式
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01
高考完形填空的命题特点和原则
完形填空以整体语篇信息为基础，以中心脉络信息为主线，综合考察考生的英语基础知识和综合语言运用能力，包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。根据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017版）》（简称“新课标”）和《基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》要求，所有的语言学习活动都应该在一定主题语境下进行，即在教学中突出关于目标主题的语篇呈现，科学融合语言能力的运用和语言知识的考察。所以，在近几年的高考中，完形填空命题更加注重语篇整体性原则，淡化单纯语法的考察，突出考察学生在语篇中灵活、准确运用语言知识的能力。
PART
01
2021年是我们将迎来新高考的第一年，旧教材，新高考以及高考试卷结构的变化是我们面临的现状。其中完形填空的变化是：
文长
由250词左右减少为200词左右。
题量
由20小题减少为15小题。
小题
分值
由1.5分降低到1分。
02
高考完形填空的解题思路以及解题技巧
总则
在把握整体语篇的基础上对句子内部的逻辑情况进行分析 （先完意，再完形）
PART
跳过空格
通读全文
把握大意
Step 1
结合选项
综合考虑
初定答案
Step 2
瞻前顾后
先易后难
各个击破
Step 3
再读全文
反复检查
Step 4
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整体——部分 ——整体
技巧
（4）依据上下文语境分析逻辑关系
（1）首尾呼应，重视首句
（2）瞻前顾后，寻找上下文关系
（3）运用文化背景和生活常识
（6）词汇复现
（5）进行词义辨析
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技巧的运用是要建立在对语篇语义的理解判断和扎实的词汇积累的基础之上的。纵观近几年高考真题，完形填空中出现的词汇基本上是都高频核心词汇，并非那些难度大的高级词汇，因为词汇是为理解和表达服务的。完形填空考查的是词汇在语篇中的运用，通过语篇的形式帮助学生熟练掌握高频核心词汇是做好完形填空的制胜法宝。
02
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普通高中英语课程标准关于词汇的要求
词是语言的建构材料，也是最小的能够独立运用的语言单位。词汇中的任何词语都是通过一定的句法关系和语义关系与其他词语建立起一定联系的，并在语境中传递信息。学习词汇不只是记忆词的音、形、义，更重要的是在语篇中，通过听、说、读、看、写等语言活动，理解和表达与各种主题相关的信息或者观点。高中阶段的词汇教学除了引导学生更深入地理解和更广泛地运用已学词汇外，重点是在语境中培养学生的词块(word chunks)意识, 并通过广泛阅读，进一步扩大词汇量，提高运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能力。
PART
03
词汇学习不是单纯的词语记忆，也不是独立的词语操练，而是结合具体主题、在特定语境下开展的综合性语言实践活动。学生通过各种语言活动，感知、理解相关主题意义，使用词语表达相关话题的信息和意义。同时在这一系列行为中，根据词性、词语的习惯搭配和主题内容，构建不同词汇语义网，积累词块，扩大词汇量，并在大量的语言学习活动中，强化语感，迁移词语运用能力，最终做到词语内化。
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完形词汇教学实际操作
在平时的教学中，注重新课标词汇的有效落实。学生对单词的掌握不仅仅是停留在听说读写“四会”的层面上，最重要的是要“会用”，即就是在特定语言环境中准确得体地运用所学词汇。
PART
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（1）构词法。利用构词法知识引导学生通过词缀、合成等方式扩充词汇积累或者把已学过的词汇串联起来，以word tree 或者mind map 清晰、有条理的呈现，帮助学生系统地了解相关词汇。同时，给学生提供主题语境，练习运用所学的词汇，达到词汇学习的效率最大化。
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例1：
配套练习：
① Much to my ________________,I managed to pass the driving test at my first attempt, which is really ____________. (encourage)
② He thought it a good chance and greatly ____________ me to give it a shot while my mum ______________ me from doing it, putting me in a dilemma. (courage)
③ I was at a loss, since the ____________ news made me feel___________. (discourage)
encouragement
encouraging
encouraged
discouraged
discouraging
discouraged
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例2：
配套练习：
When Jack was 2 years old, he was a happy little kid, ______to move around freely. But a year later, he was badly _________in a terrible accident, leaving him ______ to walk. But he is a tough boy and refused to live with his__________. Every day he did the recovery training very hard though it hurt a lot. Finally, his hard work paid off. He managed to regain the ________ to walk just like a physically normal person. It is safe to say that a strong will__________ one to achieve whatever he wants.
able
disabled
unable
disability
ability
enables
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（2）词义归类法。在词汇学习中，通过词义归类法把属于同一类别的有同义、近义或者反义的词进行分组归纳，学生吸收的不是一个个单词，而是有词义联系的一类词。
例：学习描述变化的词
*变化与不变：change; switch; transform; vary(variety, various); continue; disappear; shift…
*增加：increase; rise; raise; grow; enlarge; multiply; double; accelerate; accumulate; build up; go up; speed up; pick up …
*减少：reduce; decline; decrease; fall; drop; shrink; cut down; slow down…
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配套练习:
用所给词的正确形式填空：transform; go up; speed up; slow down; vary; cut down
① With the price ____________, many people can’t afford a house.
② It is more sensible for people to ___________and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
③ My uncle hasn’t quit smoking, but at least he’s __________ smoking.
④ Could you ____________,please I don’t want to miss my flight.
⑤People may have different learning methods. That is, learning methods _______ from person to person.
⑥ In the past decade, the deserted factory______________________ into a modern art center.
going up
slow down
cut down
speed up
vary
has been transformed
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(3) 话题词汇拓展。这一方法可以结合教材的每个单元的话题展开，例如:学到了以travel为话题的单元，可带领学生归纳和旅行话题相关的词汇。
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例如：翻译一下表达中cover的含义。
① the sofa cover ② the cover of the book
③ 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
④ In some cultures, a smile is used to cover one’s nervousness.
⑤ Does the fee cover the expense for visiting the place
⑥ The simple vehicle can let me cover a long distance in a fairly short time.
⑦ The survey covers all aspects of the business.
⑧ The reserve covers an area of some 1140 square kilometers.
⑨ Two journalists are to be sent to cover the conference.
（4）一词多义。在教学中，关注一词多义的重点词汇，通过观察比对，重点讲解练习。
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(5) 熟词生义 。分析近几年的高考英语试题不难发现高考命题非常重视对常用词汇较少使用意义的考查，这一点可以从完形填空中可看出。很多考生因不懂这些熟词的“新含义”而出现思维堵塞的现象，给他们造成了不应有的失分。
produce（熟义：生产，制造）
eg：He produced a letter from his pocket. (vt. 出示；使出现)
escape(熟义：v．逃跑；逃脱)
eg： His name escaped me at that time．(v．被忘掉；被忽视)
explode(熟义：v．爆炸爆裂)
eg： I'm about to explode! He broke my violin．(v．勃然大怒；大发雷霆)
bear(熟义：vt．忍受；容忍)
eg： He was badly wounded then and still bears the scars．(v．显示；带有)
casual(熟义：adj．偶然的；随意的)
eg： He was employed as a casual laborer．(adj．临时的)
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在复习备考中，认真研读新课标对词汇学习的要求，研究历年的高考真题的词汇覆盖面及涉及的词义广度和深度，从而做到在词汇教学中有控制地延伸和拓展。通过不同形式呈现特定语境，训练学生在真实语言环境中恰当使用目标词汇，从而提高词汇教学的效率，促进落实。
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2. 在完形训练中，注重词汇复现。词汇复现reiteration是指某一词汇以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同畴词、逻辑关联性词等重复出现在语篇之中，使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，意义统一完整。词汇复现是高考英语试卷中题型覆盖面非常广的一种测试手段，尤其是在完形填空中。在把握语篇，依托语境的基础上，运用词汇复现技巧能更快地找出正确答案。词汇复现通常包括：（1）原词复现（2）同义词/近义词复现、（3）反义词复现、（4）同畴词复现、（5）逻辑关联性词汇复现。
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eg1 . Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. （2019全国卷一）
41. A. keep B. mix
C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings
C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age
C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical
C. serious D. crazy
41题：D项。逻辑关联性词汇复现。根据上文提到每年大约40000人试图攀登非洲最高峰——乞力马扎罗山，以及下文提到……可能破坏这一地方的美丽，可知此空选bring，即登山者带来了大量的垃圾。
42题：C项。同义词复现。根据上文可知登山者带来了大量的垃圾，所以登山者可能破坏了这一地区的美丽。crowds此处意为“一群……的人”，照应了首句的40,000 people。
43题：C项。逻辑关联性词汇复现。乞力马扎罗山高海拔处由冰川覆盖，因为人类活动的影响,冰川正在消失，最明显的结果是改变了乞力马扎罗山的外观面貌。face此处意为“外观；面貌”。
44题：B项。逻辑关联性词汇复现。从破折号后的内容“其他目的地都被描述为更加纯净的自然之旅”，与作者听到的乞力马扎罗山受到污染的消息形成鲜明对比，作者对此感到怀疑skeptical——为什么别的地方是干净，而乞力马扎罗山却被污染了呢？
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eg 2. As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection， ___41___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in， ___42___their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing room… …I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___44___.（2020全国卷三）
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers
C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending
C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise
C. imagine D. swear
44. A. fighting B. smiling
C. waiting D. changing
41题：B项。原词复现。根据上文 “我非常在意我的顾客”此处意思为：就像任何你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。
42题：A项。逻辑关联性词汇复现。根据空后内容“她们的包被偷了”可推知：这是顾客们冲进店里所说的内容。
43题：D项。同畴词复现。根据上文“rushing in, saying”可知，顾客们认为自己的包在店里被偷了，发誓说是放在试衣间了，swear和say都是属于和“说”有关的语义范畴。
44题：B项。反义词复现。根据上文“店员们很难过(upset)，”可知，此处为“但是我努力劝说她们保持微笑(smiling)”，upset和smiling是一组语义相反的词。
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词汇完形的训练形式
词汇完形的训练以语篇为依托，要求学生在特定情境中准确、得体运用目标词汇。
PART
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例如：复习人教版Book 6 Unit 4
The temperature of the earth has been rising recently. How has this 1. _____ It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a 2. ____ but natural 3. ____. All scientists 4. _____ the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil 5. _____, which has 6. ____ one of “greenhouse” gases - carbon dioxide. Proper amount is beneficial to the earth, but when we add huge 7. ______ extra CO2 into the atmosphere, problems will arise. More heat energy 8. _____ to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to 9. _____. Scientists have different attitudes towards the rising temperature. On the one hand, some think the 10. ______ of the rise would be a 11. ______, which will cause floods, droughts, 12. _____, etc. On the other hand those who are 13. _____ to this view believe any warming will be 14. ____ with few bad environmental 15. _____.
1.结合课本内容，使用本单元词汇的语篇填词；
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21. A. dream B. job
C. home D. choice
22. A. nature B. youth
C. culture D. knowledge
23. A. precious B. interesting
C. disturbing D. awkward
24. A. waste B. tension
C. pain D. damage
25. A. Besides B. However
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26. A. agreed B. realized
C. remembered D. predicted
27. A. noise B. heat
C. disease D. dust
28. A. directions B. partners
C. help D. shelter
29. A. labor B. police
C. forest D. finance
30. A. rebuilt B. discovered
C. left D. managed
2.完形填空高考真题的有效训练。充分利用高考真题的权威性和指向性特点，在词汇完形训练时，不仅要指导学生在特定语境下正确选词，而且要引导学生仔细观察揣摩完形填空中词汇特有的基础性特点，从而让学生在日常学习中关注基础核心词汇。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
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31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years, His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
31. A. Decorating B. Observing
C. Watering D. Guarding
32. A. tough B. illegal
C. fantastic D. beneficial
33. A. back B. top
C. foot D. side
34. A. cool down B. keep off
C. purify D. collect
35. A. returned B. learned
C. failed D. continued
词汇完形关注词汇和语篇，而且是侧重语篇整体性的理解，词汇是为语篇服务，所以完形词汇基本都属于新课标基础核心词汇。
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3.完形盲填，即：不看选项，结合主题语境，读完形文章猜测所需用词，然后再与所给选项比对，确定最终的选项。
例如：
Step 1：通过视频引入话题，吸引学生，创设情境。
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Step 2：呈现关于该话题的设空语篇，让学生根据上下文，推测所填词汇（即：没有选项，进行盲填）。
The winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry were announced at the Royal Swedish Academy of sciences in Stockholm, Sweden on Oct.9, 2019. The Prize has been _ _____ 1 ____ to three scientists: John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino for their 2 achievement--- the development of lithium-ion batteries(锂电池).
The three scientists have 3 several decades to the research of the enormous power of lithium. This lightweight and rechargeable battery is now used in everything from mobile phones to laptops and electrical vehicles, 4 a practical revolution. In corners of the world that 5 enough electrical sources, people can now get easy access to the Internet through phones with lithium-ion batteries.
"Live to 97(years old) and you can do anything," said Goodenough, the father of lithium batteries, "I'm honored and humbled(惭愧的) to win the Nobel Prize. I really appreciate the support and 6 of my friends." Over the course of the research, Whittingham tried many times to discover a more energy-rich material, but without success. 7 his failure, he never quit. He persisted till he made it. Akira Yoshino thought climate change is a very serious issue and hoped the lithium batteries can help to create a fossil fuel-free society.
The beauty is that "they built on each other's work to solve problems." It is their joint efforts that have had a great 8 on the whole globe.
given/ presented/ awarded
great/ excellent/ wonderful
devoted
causing/ leading to/
resulting in
lacked
help
Despite/
In spite of
impact/ effect/ inflence
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Step 3：呈现选项，让学生进行选择并比对自己盲填的答案。
1. A. suspected B. removed C. awarded D. involved
2. A. generous B. extraordinary C. complex D. random
3. A. expressed B. accompanied C. accustomed D. devoted
4. A. adapting to B. leading to C. reacting to D. appealing to
5. A. lacked B. repaid C. seized D. possessed
6. A. assistance B. technology C. occasion D. decision
7. A. Owing to B. In relation to C. In spite of D. On average
8. A. evaluation B. difference C. tension D. impact
Step 4：让学生把正确的词填写到文中的横线上，朗读完整语篇，进一步感受词汇在真实语境中的运用，从而提升正确运用词汇的能力。
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4.在研究高考真题命题特点的基础上，提供符合高考选题要求的语篇，鼓励学生自己来设计完形填空题。
This is a tale of two friends — one is blind, the other has no arms. Jia Haixia and Jia Wenqi, both aged 54. On their own, the two are “disabled”. But together, they are a powerful team that has changed part of their village in North China’s Hebei Province into a rich, green forest.
Neither could find a job, so the two decided to team up. They rented some poor land and began to plant trees. In return, the local officials paid them a small fee. Haixia and Wenqi never imagined that they would end up creating an environmental paradise (天堂). Their forest now has over 10,000 trees, hundreds of birds and many other wild animals. In addition, it saves the village from river flooding during the rainy season.
Their day begins at 7 a.m. when the sightless Haixia carries Wenqi across the river to get to their worksite. Since they cannot afford to buy young trees to plant, the two use branches from existing trees. Haixia climbs to the tree-top and with Wenqi’s direction, selects the perfect branch. He then digs a hole and carefully plants it. Finally Wenqi waters the area.
Though hard-working, the men don’t make much money. But as Wenqi puts it, “We stand on our own feet, so the fruits of our work taste sweeter.”
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5.标注了目标词汇的语篇英汉互译；
例如：（旧教材人教版 Book 5,unit 1）
John Snow 是一位非常有名的医生，技术精湛(expert)以至于他成为了维多利亚女王的私人医生(physician)。同时，他也考虑帮助那些接触了(expose)霍乱的普通人。这在当时是致命的(deadly)疾病，不管是它的起因还是治愈方法(cure)都不为人们了解。所以每次霍乱爆发，成千上万的恐慌的(terrified)人们都会死去。
答案：John Snow was a famous doctor in London --- so expert that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. At the same time, he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
6.定期回炉检查前期训练中常见的出错点落实情况。
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以有效的词汇学习为基础，以主题语篇为依托，充分利用丰富的教学资源，形式多样的训练模式，灵活运用技巧，帮助学生在词汇完形方面、在英语学习方面取得理想的成绩。
谢谢聆听!
Thank you!