(共47张PPT)
利用“一致性”解短文改错
Andy
高考英语语法考点精讲
考点一、检查时态是否一致
考点二、检查语态是否一致
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
考点四、检查名词单复数与修饰词或上下文是否一致
考点五、检查指代是否一致
考点六、检查平行结构是否一致
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
让步状语从句的考查主要涉及到以下几个考查热点
考点一、检查时态是否一致
短文中谓语动词的时态与上、下文特定谓语环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别。
考点一、检查时态是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时;或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be和have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。
考点一、检查时态是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. And there were many meaningful things that are worth….
考点一、检查时态是否一致
改错:
____
which
解析:
一般性的介绍,应用一般现在时,应将were改为are。
考点一、检查时态是否一致
____
have
解析:
“对中国菜感兴趣”是对一般情况的叙述,应用一般现在是,应将had改为have。
2.I’m glad to know that you had an interest in Chinese food.
改错:
考点一、检查时态是否一致
____
chose
解析:
从后半句可以判定choose发生在过去,应将choose改为chose。
3.We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate it under a tree.
改错:
考点二、检查语态是否一致
英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分,主动语态中的主语是动作的发出者,而被动语态中的主语是动作的执行者,被动语态是由“be动词+过去分词”构成的。考生常犯的错误是该用过去分词时却用了动词原形或现在分词、在应用主动语态的时候却用了被动语态。
考点二、检查语态是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.
考点二、检查语态是否一致
____
given
解析:
Records与give是被动关系,故应将giving改为given。
改错:
2. If I have the honor to be chose to work for the next Olympic Games, …
考点二、检查语态是否一致
____
chosen
解析:
根据句意,I和chose存在逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态,故将chose改为chosen。
改错:
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查谓语动词的单复数形式与句子的主语是否保持一致。这类错误一般从以下三个方面考:
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. One day, while my friend and I was traveling through Germany, …
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
____
were
解析:
主语是“My friend and I”,谓语要用复数形式,应将was改为were。
一、动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致
改错:
2. Starting your collection of stamps are easy became they are everywhere.
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
____
is
解析:
句子的主语不是复数的stamps,而是动名词短语“Starting your collection of stamps”,谓语动词应用单数,应将are改为is。
二、从句或非谓语动词做主语,谓语用单数
改错:
3. John Brown is London taxi driver who love going to the Theatre.
考点三、检查主谓是否一致
改错:
____
loves
解析:
定语从句关系代词who指代John Brown,是单数第三人称,谓语动词应用复数,应将love改为loves。
三、在定从中,关系代词作主语,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致
考点四、检查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
主要考查名词的可数与不可数、可数名词的单复数及抽象名词具体化等问题。
考点四、检查名词的单复数与修饰词或上下文是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money.
考点四、检查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
改错:
__________
advantages
解析:
从后面的One of them很容易就能判定,advantage不止一个,应用复数,故将advantage改为advantages。
2. I stayed there for one and a half hour and…
考点四、检查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
改错:
_____
hours
解析:
此句中,hour的修饰语是“one and a half”,是个复数概念,hour应用复数形式hours。
考点五、检查指代是否一致
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常见的错误。
考点五、检查指代是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. The second man pointed to his glasses and asked if the angel could cure her poor eyesight.
考点五、检查指代是否一致
改错:
___ his
解析:
根据上下文,请求天使给治眼的人是the second man,是男性,应改her为his。
2. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, they will go hungry.
考点五、检查指代是否一致
改错:
___
he
解析:
根据上下文,前后都在说he,所以主句的主语也应用they,应改they为he。
3. And there are many meaningful things,such as the relationship between parents and children in a lot of American families. It is quite different from those in China.
考点五、检查指代是否一致
改错:
_____
that
解析:
通读全文,后一句的those显然实际想指代的是“the relationship between parents and children”——单数概念,故将those改为that.
考点六、检查平行结构是否一致
由and、or、but、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only …but also…、as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行,因为这也是命题人常常设置错误的地方。
考点六、检查平行结构是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. They wanted one child or another to come out and played.
考点六、检查平行结构是否一致
改错:
____ play
解析:
这句中,come与play是并列的不定式,故将played改为play。
2. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.
考点六、检查平行结构是否一致
改错:
_____ warm
解析:
Warmly和nice被and并列,二者都作seem的表语,应用形容词形式,故应将warmly改为warm。
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
此类错误通常是形容词与副词的混用,如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词等。
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. I said, “They’re cheap and they really taste well.”
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
改错:
____ good
解析:
此句中,taste后面应该是形容词作表语,应改well为good。
2. The food in one area can be easy told from that in another.
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
改错:
_____ easily
解析:
修饰动词应用副词,故将easy改为easily。
2. The food in one area can be easy told from that in another.
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
改错:
_____ easily
解析:
修饰动词应用副词,故将easy改为easily。
3. I found the game excited...
考点七、检查中心词与其修饰词是否一致
改错:
_______ exciting
解析:
修饰物,表示物的性质,应用exciting
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
短文改错中涉及到固定搭配的错误是常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词不定式、动名词以及冠词的错误搭配。
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. Children called their friends together to spend hours, even days play games.
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
改错:
_______
playing
解析:
Spend time doing sth. 是固定搭配,要改play为playing。
2. I will send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
改错:
∧
to
解析:
Send sb. to do sth. 派某人去干某事,是固定搭配,应在meet前加不定式符号to。
3. The angel, “I’ve suffered by back pain for years…
考点八、检查固定搭配是否一致
改错:
____
from
解析:
Suffer from遭受……的折磨,是固定搭配,应改by为from。
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
这种错误隐蔽性强,且年年必考,考点在连词、代词、肯定与否定以及对应的动词。
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
考点解读与答题技巧:
1. In American big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
改错:
____
buy
解析:
看球赛要买票,故改sell为buy。
2. The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
改错:
____
but
解析:
句意发生转折,并且没有逗号,故应改Besides为but。
3. We were not very hungry but we only had a little money…
考点九、检查行文逻辑是否一致
改错:
﹨
解析:
根据句中的but,判断前后语义转折,且短文改错只能改一处,判断错误发生在前半句,应去掉not。
Thank you very much !