中考专区 二轮专题------ 名词分类 变化 所有格课件(共10张PPT)

(共10张PPT)
一.名词
Ⅰ.名词的种类
{
专有名词：国名，地名，人名，机构名称，组织
普通名词：{
可数名词：个体名词，集体名词
不可数名词：抽象名词，物质名词
Ⅱ名词的数
1.规则名词的复数形式：
规则 例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s maps, seas
2 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es clesses,boxes,dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f或-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves,thief-thieves
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties，family-families
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys,ray-rays,henry-henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes,potato-potatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos,auto-autos
两者皆可 zero-zeroes(zeros) , volcano-volcanoes~
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths,month-months
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep,deer, serious,means,works, fish
3 只有复数形式 ashes，trousers，clothes，thanks，goods，
glasses,compasses,contens
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people，police，cattle，staff
5 部分集体名词既可作单数（整体）也可做复数（成员） audience，class，family，crowd，couple，
group，committee，government，crew，population，team，public，enemy，party
6 复数形式表示特别含义 customs（海关）,forces（军队）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,drinks（饮料）,sands（沙滩）,papers（文件报纸），manners（礼貌）,looks（外貌）,brains（ 智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）
不规则
7 表示“某国人” 加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或woman结尾改为-men或-women Englishmen,frenchwomen
8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-low,looks-on,passers-by,story-tellers,
无~将最后部分变为复数 grown-ups,housewisves,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
Ⅲ.名词的所有格（在句中表示所有关系的语法形式）
两种：一.名词词尾加 s （多表示有生命的东西） 二.of+n （多表示无生命的东西）
单数名词在末尾加‘s the boy's father Jack's book
复数 名词 一般在末尾加’ the teacher's room the twins' mother
不规则复数名词后加‘s the children's toys women's rights
以s结尾的人名所有格加’ 或者‘s Charles's job Dickens'novels
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末加’s Japan's and America's problems, Jane's and Mary's bike
表示共有的所属关系时在最后一词末加‘s Japan and America's problems , Jane and Mary's father
表示’某人家“ “店铺” 所有格后名词省略 the doctor's , the barber's, the tailor's, my uncle's
’s所有格的用法：
1 表示时间 today's newspaper, five week's holiday
2 表示自然现象 the earth's atmosphere, the tree's branches
3 表示国家城市等地方的名词 the country's plan, the world's population, china's industry
4 表示工作群体 the ship's crew, majority's view ,the team's victory
5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile's journey, five dollar's worth of apples
6 与人类活动有关系的名词 the life's time , the play's plot
7 某些固定词组 a bird's eye view, a stone's throw ,at one's wit's end
of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西：
the legs of the chair , the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西：
the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词：
the struggle of the oppressed
1.This is ___room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy’s and Lily C.Lucy and lily’s
2. Did you hear the _____report
A.policemen B. policemen’s C.policemens’
3. This is my dress. That one is ________.
A.Mary B. Mary’s C. sister
4. Every morning Mr.Smith takes a _____to his office.
A.20 minutes walk B.20 minute’s walk C.20-minutes walk
5. Where is ______sweater I can’t see it.
A.Lucy B.Lucys C.Lucy’s
6. The room on the right is _____.
A.her B. she C. Lucy’s D.Lucy
7.Where’s your father At ______.
A.Mr Green’s B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s
8.The twin brothers always put small presents in____stockings on Christmas Day.
A.each other’s B.each others’ C. each others
9. My father will have a ____holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao
A. ten day’s B.ten days’ C.ten-days
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