人教版 2023年中考英语语法复习之状语从句 课件 (共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
状
语
从
句
《备战中考》
语法知识串讲
01
状语从句定义
I get up when it is dawn. 状语从句
I get up at 6:00. 简单句
定 义
例 句
状语
从句
表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、方式等的句子成分叫做状语。而由句子来充当状语的，这样的句子就叫做状语从句。
状语从句同副词、介词词组等做状语一样，用于修饰谓语或整个句子，说明它发生的时间、地点、方式、手段、条件、程度、比较、原因、目的、结果等，即在复合句中，作状语成分的从句叫状语从句。
分类例句
常见的状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、 方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句。
I will call you when I see him.
If you try it, you will like it.
Where there is water, there is life.
Because he likes the game, he works hard.
He works hard so that he can win.
Even though he wins, he is not happy.
David tried his best, so he won.
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
状语从句
时间
条件
地点
原因
目的
让步
结果
when
If
Where
Because
so that
Even though
o
考点透视
状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的考点。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在
和
上。
时间状语从句、
条件状语从句、
结果状语从句
比较状
语从句
02
时间状语从句
从句名称
引导词
时间状语从句
When/while/as(当…的时候),
before(在…之前),
after(在…之后),
until(直到…为止),
as soon as(一…就), since(自从) .
一些例句
I feel very happy ______ I meet my friends again.
We have made many dumplings ______ we began to cook.
He didn’t go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
I’ll call him ____________ he comes back.
Father was cleaning the car ______ I was playing computer games.
when
since
until
as soon as
while
当我再次遇见我的朋友时我感到很高兴。
自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。
他直到做完作业才睡觉。
他一回来我就给他打电话。
当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。
(go to bed表示的动作不能持续)
由when, while, until,
as soon as, since等引导的
状语从句就叫做
时间状语从句
GET到了吗？
03
时间状语从句
until/till
since
While/when/as
after
as soon as
常见连接词
before
连接词解析
when的含义
① when表示点时间时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示段时间时，用持续性动词。
② 当when的意思是“正当…时候”(and at that moment)时，when只能跟在前
一分句之后。
When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.
When I arrived home, my family were already having dinner.
我到家的时候，全家已经在吃晚饭。
当他们还在说笑的时候，老师进来了。
He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.
They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
他正要上床，忽然门铃响了。
他们刚到家，天就开始下雨了。
（when表示点时间）
（when表示段时间）
连接词解析
① while通常表示一段时间，从句中宜用持续性动词做谓语。
Strike while the iron is hot.
She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.
②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“…然而…”
I’m fond of English while he likes Maths.
while的含义
趁热打铁。
她看报的时候睡着了。
我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。
我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒。
We slept while the captain kept watch.
连接词解析
While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.
while = when
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
while = but
While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
while = although
While there is life, there is hope.
while = as long as
while的其他含义
while /when辨析
when/while + doing
when + 终止性、延续性动词
while + 延续性动词
when (就在这时)
When the teacher came in, I was sleeping.
While/When I was sleeping, the teacher came in.
I was sleeping, when someone knocked at the door.
When/While reading, he fell asleep.
√ 在时间状语从句里，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
√ 若就时间状语从句提问，应用when来提问。.
I will ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
I will tell him everything when he comes back.
He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
While we were sweeping the floor, the bell rang.
When did the bell ring
will
will
won’t
When
连接词解析
①某事一发生，另一事立即发生
As the captain passed me, I asked him whether there was any hope of saving the ship.
②两个动作同时发生
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
as的含义
as:当…时；
一边…一边；
随着…
When while as的关系
① 三者均可表示“当…的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者可通用。
③ as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生； while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指
的整个时间内； when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。
He sang as he went along. 他边走边唱。
Please write while I read. 我读的时候，请写下来。
When he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家后他休息了一会儿。
② as和when都可与终止性动词连用，while只能与延续性动词连用。
如： It was snowing when we got to the airport. （不能用while）
例句
______ he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
______ he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
______ she was typing the letter, the telephone rang.
When
While
As
“时间点”
“一边……一边”
“时间段”
when
while
as
连接词解析
Before的含义
① 在…之前
② it will be + 一段时间before… 多久之后才…
It will be half a year before I come back.
It will be half a year before we meet again.
③ it won’t be + 一段时间before… 过不了多久就…
It won’t be half a year before we meet again.
总结
肯定句中译为“才”
否定句中译为“就”
连接词解析
till, until和not…until的含义
① until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意味“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
② 用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
We waited until he came.
我们一直等到他来。
He will not go to bed till / until she returns.
他要等她回来才睡觉。
即时突破
____________ he comes here tomorrow, I will call you.
____________ he was walking in the street, he met Tim.
She sang ____________ she worked.
It won’t be long ____________ he finishes his writing.
____________ he had finished his work, he left there.
It is two years ____________ he came here.
____________ she told me, I had no idea of what they had said.
When
While/When
as
before
After
since
Until
直击中考
It’s quite common in Britain to say “thank you” to the drivers ____ people get off the bus.
A. after B. since C. until D. when
[答案] D
考点分析：when 引导时间状语从句，
意为“当…的时候”
直击中考
2. —Will you please give dictionary to Jane
—Sure, I’ll give it to her _____ she arrives here.
A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as
[答案] D
本题考查时间状语从句，句意“她一到这儿，我就会给她”，before“在..之前”，不符合逻辑;until“直到”，不能与短暂性动词give连用；because‘因为’, 不符合逻辑；as soon as“一..就”，符合句意。
直击中考
3. I will send you an email as soon as I ____ in Canada.
A. arrive B. arrived
C. am arriving D. will arrive
[答案] A
本题考查时间状语从句。当主句是一般将来时或祈使句表示将来的意义时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。
直击中考
[答案] D
本题考查时间状语从句。 表示“当……时”，连接两个同时进行的动作，用while。
4. —What was your brother doing at this time yesterday
—He was reading a magazine ___ I was writing an
email at home.
A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while
01
重点关注时间状语从句的复习。
02
注意状语从句“主将从现”的时态考查：如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。
03
注意易混连词的辨析及用法。
密切关注中考动向，确定以下备考方略
时间状语从句的备考方略
04
状语从句类型
从句名称
引导词
时间状语从句
When/while/as(当…的时候),
before(在…之前),
after(在…之后),
until(直到…为止),
as soon as(一…就),
since(自从) .
条件状语从句
if（如果）,
unless（除非）,
as long as（只要）
条件状语从句
由表示条件的关联词if或unless, as (so) long as, once, as far as 等引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
某一件事情实现之后其它事情才能发生
一些例句
We’ll start our project ______ the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed ______________ you keep on trying.
____ it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.
if
as(so) long as
If
如果总统同意的话，我们就开始我们的项目。
只要你继续尝试，你就肯定能成功。
如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。
引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）， unless（除非）等. Unless在意义上相当于if…not. 条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样, 如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。如：
You will fail ________ you study hard. You will fail if you don’t study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会失败
要点：
unless
it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
If
明天如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。
You’ll catch a cold you put on your coat.
unless
穿上大衣，不然你会感冒。
He will do anything it is interesting.
as long as
只要有趣，他什么都愿意干。
另一些例句
即时突破
_______ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”.
_______ they are dirty, certain seas are not able to clean themselves
____________ we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
____________ I know you shouldn’t have any problem there.
If
Once
As long as
As far as
填空
即时突破
5. You’ll be late ______ you don’t get up early tomorrow morning.
A. if B. when C. before D. until
选择
6. If he _____ on time, we will go without him.
A. doesn’t come B. don’t come C. didn’t come
7. If you _____ him tomorrow, please ask him if he ____ to work on the farm with us.
A. see; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go
如果
是否
总结
条件状语从句考的频率比较高，主要考察if连词和if引导的从句与主句的时态。
(主将从现）
条件状语从句
注意从句与时态的并行考查
难点突破
前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、
主从句一前一后发生三类句型，每种句型分别对应独特的句式
主从句同时发生
主从句都没有发生
主从句一前一后发生
What were you doing when the UFO arrived
What are you doing when the UFO arrives
过去配过去
现在配现在
过去配过去
将来配现在
三 类 时 间
I would leave if he came.
I will leave if he comes.
The train had been away when I arrived.
前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、
主从句一前一后发生三类句型，每种句型分别对应独特的句式
主从句同时发生
主从句都没有发生
主从句一前一后发生
过去类：过去进行 when 一般过去
现在类：现在进行 when 一般现在
过去类：过去将来 when 一般过去
现在类：一般将来 when 一般现在
过去完成 when 一般过去
三 类 时 间
较难掌握的两点
“祈使句+ and (or) + 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。例如：
用介词with, without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If there is no water, the fish may die. Fish may die without water.
If you help me, I’ll finish my task on time. With your help, I’ll finish my task on time.
直击中考
[答案] B
考查if引导的条件状语从句。当主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时。句意为“如果这个星期天不下雨的话，我们进行野餐。”
1. —We’ll go for a picnic if it ____ this Sunday.
—Wish you a lovely weekend.
A. rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain
直击中考
[答案] A
本题考查条件状语从句。联系上下文可知：如果不尽力，他们会输。
unless(除非) = if…not(如果不)
1. They will lose the game ________ they try their bests.
A. unless B. once
C. since D. after
直击中考
[答案] D
本题考查if引导的条件状语从句。根据句意：“如果我们不保护地球，我们将没有水喝。”
1. We will have no water to drink ____ we don’t protect
the earth.
A. until B. before C. though D. if
注意状语从句与时态的并行考查
条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样
如果主句用将来时
从句要用现在时代替将来时
条件状语从句的备考方略
主将从现
05
其他状语从句类型
从句名称
引导词
时间状语从句
When/while/as(当…的时候), before(在…之前), after(在…之后),
until(直到…为止), as soon as(一…就), since(自从) .
条件状语从句
if（如果）, unless（除非）, as long as（只要）
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
结果状语从句
where（哪里）, wherever（无论哪里）
because, as, since（既然）
so that（以便）, in order that（为了，目的是）
though（虽然）, although（虽然）, even if=even though（即使）
than, as…as, not so/as…as…
so that, so…that, such…that(以至于…)