人教版 2023年中考英语复习题型之短文填空 课件 (共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
中考复习题型之
短文填空
目录
Contents
词汇运用
丨 Vocabularies
高分微技能
丨 Mico-skills
高分技巧
丨 Summary
高分实战
丨 Have a try
词汇运用
Vocabularies
1
Vocabulary
短文填空是综合性的题型,考查学生多方面的能力,包括:正确拼写单词的能力、结合语法知识的能力以及上下文理解的能力。题材多以小故事为主,比如人物传记、科普短文、幽默故事、哲理故事等,多为考生所熟悉的、地道的语言材料。短文填空在中考的属于偏难题型,一般每空1分,10个空,共10分。词数多为200词左右。做好此题,是取得高分的关键。
题型解读
词汇运用
对短文上下文的理解能力
1
短文填空考查的意图
purpose
对单词、词组、句型的运用能力
2
对全文的逻辑推理能力
3
高分微技能
Mico-skills
2
考查主要内容
The main idea
短文填空主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力,特别是单词和短语的拼写能力,这是中考中一个比较难的题目，主要考察以下内容
1. 固定搭配
2. 名词
3. 动词
4.形容词、副词
5. 连词
6. 代词和数词
7.上下文联系
8.其它词
style
命题方式
A
{ 汉语意思 }
C
{ 首字母提示 }
B
{ 英语单词 }
D
{ 无任何提示 }
不给任何提示,完全由考生根据短文的意思,在每个空格中填上一个词,使短文意思完整。
给出汉语提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上该词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。
给出英语提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上该词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。
给出首字母提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上一个单词词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。
固定搭配
First
短文填空，每年都
有2-3个空格考一
些固定搭配，做题
时要前后兼顾。
固定搭配
I'm sorry to hear that an earthquake happened ___ your hometown. The earthquake destroyed your hometwown. Lots of houses ____ down and some of you couldn't see your families any ____.
Please don't feel sad. You should believe ___ the Party, the government and the people in the country. You should be ____ of wishes because the Party, the government and the people are with you all the time and they take ______of you. They try their ____ to solve your troubles. They
____ away their money and many things to you and they donate(捐献)blood for you.
in
fell
more
in
full
care
best
give
Do you know these phrases
1.be surprised (at) 对……感惊讶
2.be interested in 对……感兴趣
3.be afraid of doing … 害怕做…
4.be pleased (with) 对……感高兴(满意)
5.be famous for 以……而著名
6.be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求
7.be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……
8.be covered with 被……所覆盖……
9.be in (great) need of 需要
10.be in trouble 处于困境
1.be made of (from) 由……制成
2.be satisfied with 对……感满意
3.get on well with 与……相处融洽
4.give sb. a call 给……打电话
5.give…some advice/suggestions on 给……些忠告
6.give sb. a chance 给……一次机会
7.have something done 让人(请人)做……
8.had better not do sth. 最好别做…
9.help sb. with sth./help sb.do sth.…方面帮助…
10.Help yourselves to some chicken,boys.
请随便吃点鸡肉
名词
Second
名词
1 名词分为 可数名词和不可数名词 ，其中可数名词要么前面加a或an，要么后面变为 复数形式 。不可数名词没有复数形式。
2 名词所有格 ‘s
1.One of the _______ (child)is smart enough
to answer the strange question.
2. In autumn the ground is often covered with
many fallen ________(leaf)
3. The boy was a friend of my_________(兄弟).
4.It’s over_________________from here to
that new farm.(开车三小时的路程)
5.On ________________ we give presents
to our teachers.（教师节）
6.There are many ______________ in this
hospital.（男医生）
children
leaves
brother’s
three hours’ drive
Teachers’ Day
men doctors
名词所有格： ~’s / of
Lucy的家人
Tom最好的朋友
老师们的电脑
书的标题
一张公园的照片
儿童节
母亲节
今天的报纸
我的一位老朋友
单数名词所属：~ 's
复数名词所属：~ s'
无生命的物体所属： ...of ...
Examples:
Lucy's family
Tom's best friend
Children's day
teachers' computers
the title of the book
a photo of the park
today's newspaper
an old friend of mine
attention
Mother's day
动词
Third
动词
“动词”注意要变形，使用动词时我们应该注意动词的时态、 语态和非谓语动词形式
Once,there was a wild donkey(驴子) and a tame(驯养的) donkey.The wild donkey was thin and small.He spent his life outdoors.The grass on the hill 1.　　　　 (be)his food all the year around.Sometimes,he had to walk miles 2.　　　　(find) fresh water and at night there was always danger from wolves.The tame donkey was fat and strong.During summer he 3.　　　　 (feed) on the rich grass while in winter he was given corn and hay(干草) to eat.There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he was shut safely in the stable (畜舍).
was
to find
was fed
时态
非谓语动词
被动语态
表示行为、动作或状态的词，具有实在的意义，又称为行为动词。如：play, give, listen
{ 实义动词 }
用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词。如：be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become
{ 系动词 }
表示说话人情感和态度的词，后面接实义动词原形。如：can,may, must
{ 情态动词 }
{ 助动词 }
帮助实义动词构成各种时态和句型的动词。如：do, does, did, will
动词的分类
Verb
do
过去式
过去分词
不定式
单三
现在分词/动名词
实义动词的形式
1 谓语动词：
do、does、did
2 非谓语动词：
doing、done、 to do
did
does
done
doing
to do
系动词
状态类系动词
be
They are students.
He is ill.
感官类系动词
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
This kind of paper feels soft.
This flower smells sweet.
The apples taste good.
变化类系动词
become, get, turn, go,come
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
系动词+名词/形容词
形容词、副词
Four
形容词、副词
1 形容词词修饰名词；
2 副 词修饰动词。
3 注意形容词副词间的相互转换
4 形容词、副词则应注意比较级和最高级的变化
What can you do to keep _______ (健康) Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the ________ important things. Here are some ideas about how to eat _______(健康).
A good breakfat is very __________(重要的) to children. It's necessary to have it in the morning. But some children often go to school without breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little______(much).
healthy
most
healthily
important
more
形容词
形容词最高级
副词修饰动词
形容词作表语
副词比较级
slow →
quick →
loud →
quiet →
good → well
(好）
loud→aloud
形容词
副词
slowly
quickly
loudly
quietly
heavy→
happy→
angry→
busy→
easy→
heavily
happily
angrily
busily
easily
late early hard fast
near high
+ ly
改y 为i ，再 + ly
形副同型
不规则
连词
Fifth
连词
注意从句在语篇中的作用。弄清它们是否是并列、转折还是因果关系；如果是从属连词，则看看是否连接的是时间状语，还是让步、原因、目的、条件还是结果状语从句，用上适当的连词
1. Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive universities t ________ their family isn't rich enough.
2. Some Chinese families aren't rich enough, ______ they still try their best to send their children to expensive universities.
hough
but
让步状语从句
表示转折
代词和数词
Sixth
代词和数词
1 填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
2 要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”
1. Our classroom is bigger than _____ (他们的)
2.Our teacher teaches ____(我们) well.
3. They are enjoy__________ (他们自己 )in the forest.
4. Tom is thinking about going as a cowboy for the______ (five)year at Halloween.
5. I don’t know how to read the ______(九)lesson.
theirs
us
themselves
fifth
ninth
Example:
fourth
fourths
forty
fortieth
fourteen
fourteenth
four
forties
上下文联系
Seventh
上下文联系
联系上下文，前后的信息往往有助于对空格处内容的理解，遇到困难时不要仅仅盯着这一空格，而应该读下去。
1.Joining in may be _______ for some people. But if you are active enough, you can find it easier.
2. Wash _____ like apples or pears carefully before you eat them.
3. Is your English handwriting beautiful If _____, here are four steps that really work!
4. It is __________ to run up and down on them.You may fall down because escalator steps(自动步梯) are not designed for running.
difficult
fruits
not
dangerous
其它词
Eighth
其它词
1 冠词。可数名词单数前，不要忘记a和an，序数词和最高级，前面要加the
2 介词。多用于固定搭配。
1.- Have you seen ___pen I left it here this morning.
-Is it ___ black one I saw it somewhere.
2. -Do you know _____ woman in red
-Yes, she’s a professor of _____ university.
3. The village became popular because______Grandpa Huang’s hard work.
4. Too much love from parents may keep children_______ being independent(独立的).
a
the
a
a
of
from
固定搭配
固定搭配
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式，一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
冠词的分类
时间介词
方位介词
方法介词
其他介词
(用于固定搭配)
介词分类
空前空后要注意，
“名词”单复要牢记，
还有‘s不能弃，
“动词”注意要变形,
“形副”注意三种级，
要填“数词”请留意，
千万别忘“基”和“序”，
填入“代词”需慎重，
五格变化要谨记。
Skills
高分技巧
Summary
3
破题技巧
Skills
1.重中之重——具有一定的词汇量
没有扎实的词汇基础,就不能读懂短文大意,读不懂大意,怎么能根据上下文来确定所缺的是个什么单词呢 即使能判断出某些空格缺的是什么单词,也难以写出正确的拼写形式。
此外,还要掌握一些构词法知识和进行大量的课外阅读来扩大词汇量。一个人英语水平高低的最终标准还是取决于这个人的词汇量的大小。
破题技巧
Skills
2.语法——支撑短文基本框架
正确高效地解答好这类试题还需要扎实的语法基础知识。
跳过空格,快速地阅读全文
从整体上感知全文,掌握大意。切忌看一空填一空
A
重视首尾句
记叙文抓故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事物，从而确定人称以及时态
B
复读短文,确定语义,判断词形
注意名词变复数、形容词比较级和最高级、动词时态、动词-ing形式,尤其注意一些词性发生变化的情况
C
先易后难
易:固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构
难:名词、动词、形容词、副词,注意联系上下文
D
上下参照,验证答案
内容:上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。语法:语法结构是否正确无误。
E
破题技巧
Skills
做题步骤
Steps
1. 浏览全文,掌握文章的大意;
a. 进行跳格阅读.
b. 注意文章时态.
2. 根据词义,判断词形进行填空;
a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达等较易的空格.
b. 不太明朗的空格要根据语境和语义反复推敲.
c. 注意词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、
现在分词等）
3. 通读全文,检查核对.
总结
Summary
Tips
拼写
句子成分
固定搭配
时态语态
大小写
词性
高分实战
Have a try
4
高分实战
Have a try
Practice 1
请用适当的词完成下面短文,并将所缺单词填在指定位置上,每个空只能填一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
This is the simple village people of Malaysia.When the train passed their homes they waved and smiled to complete strangers and cheer them up.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a 　1　.I looked about the train.There was not one familiar face.I signed and sat down to 　2　 my magazines.
It was not long 　3　 the train was in Malaysia.As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of trees and miles and miles of green.Then 　4　 first village came into sight.Immediately I came alive;I decided to wave back.
名词
形容词
冠词
动词不定式
高分实战
Have a try
From then on my journey became interesting.I threw my 　5　 into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The mountains seemed to speak to me.I stared at everything as if I was 　6　 at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt 　7　.I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm.Soon the train 　8　 at the station.I looked at the people all around me.They all looked beautiful.When my uncle met me 　9　 a smile,I gave him a warm hug.I had 　10　 done this before.He seemed surprised at my first hug and then his face warmed up with a huge smile.
I looked forward to the return journey.
Practice 1
动词时态
动词时态
名词变复数
形容词
副词
介词
高分实战
Have a try
【答题剖析】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了马来西亚村庄里的人向火车上的乘客挥手微笑,这把乘火车给作者带来的沉闷一扫而光。
1.train　考查名词。根据后面句子“I looked about the train”可知,故填train。
2.read　考查动词。根据前面提到作者感到沉闷可知此处指的是“作者读杂志以解闷”,故填read。
3.before　考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“不久以后”,故填before。
4.the　考查冠词。序数词要加定冠词,故填the。
5.magazines　考查名词。根据前面作者读杂志可知此处指的是作者把杂志扔进垃圾篮,故填magazines。
Practice 1
高分实战
Have a try
6.looking　考查动词。根据语境可知指的是好像作者第一次看它,由前面was可知是进行时态,故填looking。
7.hungry　考查形容词。根据前面句子“I even forgot to have my lunch”可知,故填hungry。
8.arrived　考查动词。根据后面作者的叔叔来接他可知此处指的是“火车到达车站”,故填arrived。
9.with　考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“笑着来接我”,此处表示伴随,故填with。
10.never　考查副词。根据后面句子“He seemed surprised at my first hug”可知,故填never。
Practice 1
高分实战
Have a try
(2019河北)根据短文内容所给提示,在文中的横线上填写一个正确的单词
I have a photo album(相册).It’s a present from my classmate—David.
I got to know David on the 1.　　　　(two) day of middle school.We both liked playing basketball and collecting stamps,2.s 　　　 we always had a lot of things to talk about.Once I traveled with him to his hometown in the countryside.He showed me 3.a　　　 and I saw many interesting things.We had a 4.　　 　　(wonder) time.It is really nice to have such 5.　　　 good classmate.
second
o
round
wonderful
a
形容词
序数词
连词
冠词
固定搭配
Practice 2
高分实战
Have a try
However,last summer,David 6.　　　　(go) to another city because of his father’s job.Before leaving,he gave 7.　　　　(I)a photo album.“It has the memorable events we have experienced together.I have also written some 8.　　　　(note) under each of these photos,” he said.I was 9. 　　　(deep) moved.
I always look at the album when I think 10. 　　　 David.I really miss him.
went
me
notes
deeply
of
副词修饰动词
固定搭配
名词变复数
代词宾格
动词时态
Practice 2
高分实战
Have a try
解析：
71. 词形填空题，考查数词，根据前面的the和句意推断，应该是在上中学的第二天，所以把基数词改为序数词；
72. 首字母填空题，根据前后句判断应该填连词，有共同的爱好，所以才会有共同语言；
73. 首字母填空题，根据句意，在他的家乡，他带我参观，show sb. around,带某人参观
74. 词形填空题，考查短语have a wonderful time, wonderful变形容词修饰名词time；
Practice 2
高分实战
Have a try
75. 词汇盲填题，考查结构such a +adj. +n.，后面的classmate是单数名词；
76. 词形填空题，考查动词时态，根据前面的时间状语last summer, 可知考查一般过去时；
77. 词形填空题，考查代词，give sb. sth. 的结构，give动词后要用宾格；
78. 词形填空题，考查名词单复数，根据前面some,可知可数名词note要变复数形式；
79. 词形填空题，考查形容词，根据句子结构可知修饰moved, 所以要变副词形式；
80. 词汇盲填题，考查短语think of，表示想到；想起；
Practice 2
高分实战
Have a try
Practice 3
（2019 陕西）短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确．（每个单词限用一次．每空只填一个单词．）（共1小题，计10分）
meter, stop, one, can, take, wait, your, sell, slow, wife
It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.
At the last crossing, while I was (61) for the green light, I saw an old man walking toward me. He (62) me and I felt a little nervous. The old man said (63) ,"Excuse me. Could you please help me " I looked at him up and down. He looked about 70 years old.
waiting
stopped
slowly
时态
时态
副词修饰动词
高分实战
Have a try
Practice 3
The old man took out a 10-yuan bill and said to me, " You see the old lady over there She is selling baked (烤)sweet potatoes. Could you just 64. the money and buy one from her " He pointed at an old lady selling something about fifty 65. away in the corner.
“But why don't you go and buy it 66. ” I was puzzled(迷惑的). The old man continued, " That old lady is my wife and it's her 67. day to sell baked sweet potatoes. Just now I called her. She told me that there was only one sweet potato left and she wouldn't go home until all the sweet potatoes were 68. out. But I know she can't stand the cold because her legs hurt. I'm very worried about her.
take
yourself
first
sold
meters
序数词
代词
情态动词后用动词原形
名词变复数
固定搭配
高分实战
Have a try
Practice 3
At that time, I understood why the old man asked me to buy his 69. sweet potato. I felt really warm and moved. Without taking the money, I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last one. As I waved goodbye to the old man, I 70. see him standing there with a thankful smile.
wife’s
could
名词的所有格
情态动词
高分实战
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Practice 3
【分析】本篇短文是作者在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚碰到一个老爷爷因为想让老伴早点从烤土豆摊点早点回家，而让作者拿钱去买下她的一个烤红薯的故事，作者深受感动，最后自己直接把最后一个烤红薯买了．
【解答】（61）waiting．考查动词；空缺处位置属于过去进行时态，过去进行时的结构是was/were+doing，需要填入一个动词ing，表示"等待"，用waiting．故答案为waiting．
（62）stopped．考查动词；句意，他拦住我让我停下来且我感到一些紧张，结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，表示"停止"，时态是一般过去时态，用stopped，故答案为stopped．
（63）slowly．考查副词；句意，老人慢慢地说，结合空缺处，需要填入一个副词，表示"慢慢地"，用slowly．故答案为slowly．
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（64）take．考查动词；句意，你能只是带着这个钱去从她那买一个土豆吗？结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，表示"带去"，结合could you do sth？固定搭配，需要用动词原形take．故答案为take．
（5）meters．考查名词；句意，他指向一个在大约50米远的角落处的卖着东西的老太太．结合空缺处，需要填入一个名词，表示"米"，前面有数词fifty，meter要用复数形式meters．故答案为meters．
（66）yourself．考查反身代词；句意，但是你为什么不去自己去买呢？结合空缺处，需要填入一个反身代词，表示"你自己"，用yourself．故答案为yourself．
（67）first．考查序数词；句意，那个老他太是我的妻子且这是她第一次卖烤红薯．结合空缺处，需要填入一个形容词，表示"第一次的"用first，故答案为first．
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（68）sold．考查动词；句意，她告诉我只有一个烤红薯没有卖掉了，且她不想回家直到所有的烤红薯都卖完．结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，主语是all the sweet potatoes ，填入的动词要表示"被卖完"，是含有被动语态，被动语态结构是be+过去分词，时态是一般过去时态，则一般过去时态的被动语态就是was/were+过去分词，结合空缺处前的信息，需要用sell的过去分词sold．故答案为sold．
（69）wife's．考查名词所有格；句意，我明白了为什么那个老人叫我去买他太太的烤红薯了，结合空缺处，需要填入一个名词所有格，表示"太太的"，用wife's．故答案为wife's．
（70）could．考查情态动词；句意，我可以看到他带着感谢的微笑站在那儿．结合空缺处，需要填入一个情态动词，表示"可以"，结合时态是一般过去时态，用could，故答案为could．
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