Unit 2 The universal language
Grammar and usage教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Grammar and usage 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：理解并掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语；
能力目标：掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语；
情感目标：区分并使用正确的动词-ing形式来完成任务，如改正错误和完成文章。
教学重难点
教学重点：理解并掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
教学难点：掌握动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的规则，并灵活运用
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-reading
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师让学生阅读第20页Part A，并完成表格。
When In China's (1) _____________________
Who Boya, (2) __________________________________
Zhong Ziqi, Boya's audience and friend
What happened ·Boya played the gin very well, but he believed no one could (3)______________ until he met Zhong Ziqi.·Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boya's piece of music (4) ____________·They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.·(5) ________________ because Zhong Ziq, the only person that could understand his music had passed away.
参考答案：(1) Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods
(2) a master of the qin
(3) understand his music
(4) High Mountains and Flowing Water
(5) Boya destroyed his qin
学生活动：完成第20页的表格。
Verb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life.Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya……it's no use keeping the qin.
Verb-ing forms as objects … everyone enjoyed listening…Boya did not say anything before playing the qin…When Boya continued playing……, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.… before going their separate ways,…After he finished playing the piece…
二、While-reading
学生活动：说出下列句子中划线部分做什么成分。
(1) Answering my emails takes all morning.
(2) Losing a close game is always depressing.
(3) I love learning about country music.
(4) He is fond of reading novels.
参考答案：(1) as the subject (2) as the subject (3) as the object (4) as the object
教师活动：引导学生总结动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的规则。
动词-ing作主语
1.意义：动词-ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多（赞扬）一样有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老师表扬使他重获自信。
Being brought up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
汤姆出生在一个贫困的家庭里，这让他很小的时候就非常勤奋。
2.位置：动词-ing形式作主语时，可位于句首，也可以用it作形式主语，将动词-ing形式后置。用it作形式主语代替真正的主语动词-ing形式的常见句型：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/worthwhile/… +动词-ing…
It is no use waiting here.在这儿等无济于事。
It is worthwhile seeing the movie for another time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person.
试图说服这种人是浪费时间。
3.逻辑主语：动词-ing形式作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在其前面加上所表动作的逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
Mike's returning back to work is a great help to us.
迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。
4.谓语动词的单复数：动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式；但两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
To many parents, raising children means providing them with food and clothes. They are wrong as mental care is also important to kids.
对许多父母来说，养育孩子意味着为他们提供衣食。他们错了，因为心理关怀对孩子也很重要。
Eating and dressing is still a big question in some African countries.
衣食在一些非洲国家还是一个很大的问题。
Walking, running and cycling are all healthy forms of exercise.
散步、跑步和骑自行车都是有益健康的锻炼形式。
动词-ing形式做宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，具体用法如下：
1.常接动词-ing形式作宾语的（短语）动词
appreciate（欣赏），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），avoid（避免），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过），mean（意味着），resist（抗拒），risk（冒险），suggest（建议），mind（介意），escape（避开），admit（承认），allow（允许），give up（放弃），
insist on（坚决要求），feel like（想要），be used to（习惯于），lead to（导致），look forward to（期待，盼望）等。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary
你把那本词典递给我好吗？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
One never loses by doing a good turn.
行善者决无一失。
After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是绝不会考虑放弃这一计划的。
3.动词-ing形式的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有以下几种：
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词所有格+动词-ing
③人称代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
He left the city without our knowing it.
他离开了这座城市，我们都不知道。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手机吗？
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
三、After-class
教师活动：让学生完成B1。
1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do.
2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.
3. It's no use try to play the violin if you're not going to give it your best shot.
4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar
5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.
参考答案：1.Listen→Listening 2.to read→reading 3.try→trying 4.to teach→teaching 5.play→playing
学生活动：完成第21页B2。
(1) representing (2) to explore (3)Sending (4)choosing (5) selecting (6)lasting (7)playing (8)to enter
学生活动：阅读B2，思考下面问题。
(1)What was the intention of sending music into outer space
The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any).
(2)What music representing China was selected
The recording of an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin, played by Guan Pinghu, was selected.
学生活动：完成B3活动的写作。
·Organizing traditional music tours around the country might give people more access to traditional Chinese music.
·Encouraging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music.
·The media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese music.
·People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music competitions locally or countrywide.
·Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.
四、Summary
归纳总结动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法。
五、作业布置
学生用动词-ing形式写一篇小作文介绍自己最喜欢那种类型的音乐并说出喜欢的原因。Section B Grammar and usage
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. suitable
词性：_________ 意思：________
(be) suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物
(be) suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
suit vt.适合；合（某人）心意n.套装
unsuitable adj.不合适的，不适当的
练习：These crayons(彩色蜡笔) are not suitable __________ (use) in very hot weather.
2. distant
词性：_________ 意思：________
be distant from. . . 离……远
distance n.距离；远处；遥远；疏远
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 离一段距离，从远处
at/from a distance of从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）
distantly adv.遥远地；冷淡地
练习：-How much farther shall we have to go
－Another five miles until we reach the mountain _________ the distance.
3. breath
词性：_________ 意思：________
take a deep breath深吸一口气
catch one's breath 缓一口气； 歇口气
take one's breath away 令人惊叹
save one's breath免费口舌
out of breath（运动后）喘不上气，透不过气来
练习：宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
He _________________ when the results were read out.
4. unusual
词性：_________ 意思：________
It is unusual for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说是不寻常的。
usual adj.寻常的，惯常的
as usual 像往常一样，照例
usually adv.通常地，一般地
unusually adv.不寻常地；特别地
练习：This time, we stayed together, in case anything else __________ (usual) happened.
语法解析
动词-ing作主语和宾语
动词-ing作主语
1.意义：动词-ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多（赞扬）一样有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老师表扬使他重获自信。
Being brought up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
汤姆出生在一个贫困的家庭里，这让他很小的时候就非常勤奋。
2.位置：动词-ing形式作主语时，可位于句首，也可以用it作形式主语，将动词-ing形式后置。用it作形式主语代替真正的主语动词-ing形式的常见句型：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/worthwhile/… +动词-ing…
It is no use waiting here.在这儿等无济于事。
It is worthwhile seeing the movie for another time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person.
试图说服这种人是浪费时间。
3.逻辑主语：动词-ing形式作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在其前面加上所表动作的逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
Mike's returning back to work is a great help to us.
迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。
4.谓语动词的单复数：动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式；但两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
To many parents, raising children means providing them with food and clothes. They are wrong as mental care is also important to kids.
对许多父母来说，养育孩子意味着为他们提供衣食。他们错了，因为心理关怀对孩子也很重要。
Eating and dressing is still a big question in some African countries.
衣食在一些非洲国家还是一个很大的问题。
Walking, running and cycling are all healthy forms of exercise.
散步、跑步和骑自行车都是有益健康的锻炼形式。
动词-ing形式做宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，具体用法如下：
1.常接动词-ing形式作宾语的（短语）动词
appreciate（欣赏），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），avoid（避免），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过），mean（意味着），resist（抗拒），risk（冒险），suggest（建议），mind（介意），escape（避开），admit（承认），allow（允许），give up（放弃），
insist on（坚决要求），feel like（想要），be used to（习惯于），lead to（导致），look forward to（期待，盼望）等。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary
你把那本词典递给我好吗？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
One never loses by doing a good turn.
行善者决无一失。
After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是绝不会考虑放弃这一计划的。
3.动词-ing形式的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有以下几种：
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词所有格+动词-ing
③人称代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
He left the city without our knowing it.
他离开了这座城市，我们都不知道。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手机吗？
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
练习：
1. But __________ (use) cheese brine(盐水) could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
2. Building up a dream team ____________ (be) more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
3. It's no use _________ (complain) without taking action.
4. As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced __________ (answer) questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team.
5. To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested __________ (read) through our notes.
6. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to ___________ (live) at high altitudes.
7. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ___________ (walk) through a rainforest.
8. They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
答案
知识运用
1. to use 2. in 3. held his breath 4. unusual
语法解析
1. using 2. is 3. complaining 4.answering 5. reading 6. living 7. walking 8. coming(共27张PPT)
Section B
Grammar and usage
10
第一部分
01 Vocabulary
1. suitable
(be) suitable for sb./sth. 适合某人/某物
(be) suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
suit vt.适合；合（某人）心意n.套装
unsuitable adj.不合适的，不适当的
练习：These crayons(彩色蜡笔) are not suitable __________ (use) in very hot weather.
to use
2. distant
be distant from. . . 离……远
distance n.距离；远处；遥远；疏远
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 离一段距离，从远处
at/from a distance of从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）
distantly adv.遥远地；冷淡地
练习： － How much farther shall we have to go
－Another five miles until we reach the mountain _________ the distance.
in
3. breath
take a deep breath深吸一口气
catch one's breath 缓一口气； 歇口气
take one's breath away 令人惊叹
save one's breath免费口舌
out of breath（运动后）喘不上气，透不过气来
练习：宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
He _________________ when the results were read out.
held his breath
4. unusual
It is unusual for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说是不寻常的。
usual adj.寻常的，惯常的
as usual 像往常一样，照例
usually adv.通常地，一般地
unusually adv.不寻常地；特别地
练习：This time, we stayed together, in case anything else _______ (usual) happened.
unusual
10
第二部分
02 Leading in
When In China's (1) _______________________________________
Who Boya, (2) _______________________
Zhong Ziqi, Boya's audience and friend
What happened ·Boya played the gin very well, but he believed no one could (3)__________________ until he met Zhong Ziqi.
·Zhong was able to recognize the image in Boya's piece of music (4) ______________________________
·They became great friends and agreed to meet the next year.
·(5) ___________________ because Zhong Ziq, the only person that could understand his music had passed away.
Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods
a master of the qin
understand his music
High Mountains and Flowing Water
Boya destroyed his qin
Verb-ing forms as subjects Playing the qin was his life.
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya…
…it's no use keeping the qin.
Verb-ing forms as objects … everyone enjoyed listening…
Boya did not say anything before playing the qin…
When Boya continued playing…
…, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
… before going their separate ways,…
After he finished playing the piece…
10
第三部分
03 Grammar
Answering my emails takes all morning.
(2) Losing a close game is always depressing.
(3) I love learning about country music.
(4) He is fond of reading novels.
as the subject
as the object
as the subject
as the object
说出下列划线词作什么成分
动词-ing形式
作主语和宾语
动词-ing作主语
1.意义：动词-ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多（赞扬）一样有害。
Being praised by his teachers made him regain the confidence.
被老师表扬使他重获自信。
Being brought up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
汤姆出生在一个贫困的家庭里，这让他很小的时候就非常勤奋。
2.位置：动词-ing形式作主语时，可位于句首，也可以用it作形式主语，将动词-ing形式后置。用it作形式主语代替真正的主语动词-ing形式的常见句型：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time/worthwhile/… +动词-ing…
It is no use waiting here.
在这儿等无济于事。
It is worthwhile seeing the movie for another time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a person.
试图说服这种人是浪费时间。
3.逻辑主语：动词-ing形式作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在其前面加上所表动作的逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
Mike's returning back to work is a great help to us.
迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。
4.谓语动词的单复数：动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式；但两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
To many parents, raising children means providing them with food and clothes. They are wrong as mental care is also important to kids.
对许多父母来说，养育孩子意味着为他们提供衣食。他们错了，因为心理关怀对孩子也很重要。
Eating and dressing is still a big question in some African countries.
衣食在一些非洲国家还是一个很大的问题。
Walking, running and cycling are all healthy forms of exercise.
散步、跑步和骑自行车都是有益健康的锻炼形式。
动词-ing作宾语
动词-ing形式作宾语时，可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后，具体用法如下：
1.常接动词-ing形式作宾语的（短语）动词
appreciate（欣赏），consider（考虑），delay（推迟），avoid（避免），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过），mean（意味着），resist（抗拒），risk（冒险），suggest（建议），mind（介意），escape（避开），admit（承认），allow（允许），give up（放弃），insist on（坚决要求），feel like（想要），be used to（习惯于），lead to（导致），look forward to（期待，盼望）等。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary
你把那本词典递给我好吗？
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。
These measures have created conditions for raising the output of steel.
这些措施为提高钢的产量创造了条件。
One never loses by doing a good turn.
行善者决无一失。
After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station.
看了看表后，他匆忙赶往火车站。
He would never think of giving up this project.
他是绝不会考虑放弃这一计划的。
3.动词-ing形式的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构，其形式有以下几种：
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词所有格+动词-ing
③人称代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
He left the city without our knowing it.
他离开了这座城市，我们都不知道。
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手机吗？
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
练习
1. But __________ (use) cheese brine(盐水) could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.
2. Building up a dream team ____________ (be) more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
3. It's no use ____________ (complain) without taking action.
4. As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced __________ (answer) questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team.
using
is
complaining
answering
5. To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested __________ (read) through our notes.
6. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to ___________ (live) at high altitudes.
7. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ___________ (walk) through a rainforest.
8. They represent the earth ___________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
reading
walking
living
coming
10
第四部分
04 After-class task
Finish B1
1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do.
2. I really enjoy to read biographies of musicians.
3. It's no use try to play the violin if you're not going to give it your best shot.
4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar
5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music.
Listen→Listening
to read→reading
try→trying
to teach→teaching
play→playing
Finish B2
representing
to explore
Sending
choosing
selecting
lasting
playing
to enter
Thinking
1. What was the intention of sending music into outer space
The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any).
2. What music representing China was selected
The recording of an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin, played by Guan Pinghu, was selected.
Finish B3
·Organizing traditional music tours around the country might give people more access to traditional Chinese music.
·Encouraging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music.
·The media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese music.
·People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music competitions locally or countrywide.
·Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.
