八年级下册复习
Unit 5
invite v.邀请----- ______________ n.
邀请某人：
___________________
邀请某人做某事：
___________________
邀请某人去某地：
___________________
你好吗？
________________
________________
one of......之一
后边的名词用______数，形容词用_______
对/向某人说（谢谢/抱歉）
________________ ________________
way的用法
①在去某地的路上 ________________
②在某人去某地的路上 ________________
③顺便说一下 ________________
④做某事的一个好方法/最佳方式 ________________
①一张......的票 ________________
②门的钥匙 ________________
③问题的答案 ________________
seem的用法
①seem+表语( _____/_____) （经常考系动词后跟形容词做表语）
②seem to do sth.似乎做某事
③It seems that+句子 （经常考②③同义句转换)
以-ed/-ing结尾的形容词的用法（教材第三页2a）
常考:对......感兴趣： ________________
对......感到惊讶： ________________
推测①“一定” ________________
②“一定” ________________
③“可能” ________________
对.....感到抱歉：
___ _______________________
死①名词： ___________
②动词 ________过去式________
③形容词 _____________
alone/lonely区别
①alone adj. ________ adv. ___________
②lonely adj. ________ ________
She lives_______ in a______ village, but she doesn’t feel_______.
因为① _____________+(名词/代词/动名词或短语)
② ________________+句子
sound一切声音
voice 嗓音
noise噪音 制造噪音： _____________
up相关短语
stay up ___________ hurry up___________
stand up___________ shut up___________
cheer up___________ look up ___________
wake up___________ put up___________
pick up___________
speed up________(反义词)__________
形成；产生
______________________
与......和解
______________________
与某人交朋友
______________________
use的用法
（adj.形式为useless________useful_________）
过去常常做某事：
______________________
习惯于做某事：
______________________
用某物来做某事：
______________________
=______________________
充满
①______________________
②______________________
在某些人中受欢迎：
______________________
在......的末尾
______________________
最后；终于（3个）
______________________
对某人要求严格
______________________
对某事要求严格
______________________
没有朋友谈心
______________________
没有钱/时间做某事
______________________
在某方面做得好；擅长做某事
______________________
在某方面做得不好
______________________
因......而感谢
______________________
担心某人
______________________
______________________
迷路 丢失
______________________
生病
___________=___________
ill 和sick 的区别：
都可以放系动词后做表语，sick还可以修饰名词做定语。
一个生病的男孩
A______ boy
别着急！
______________________
try用法
①try to do sth.
②try doing sth.
③尽某人最大努力做某事
______________________
fail用法
①考试失败______________________
②未能成功作某事______________________
其名词形式为failure，反义词为succeed
succeed 动词 “成功”
succeed in sth. “在.....成功”
succeed in doing sth.”成功地做某事”
success 名词 “成功”
successful 形容词 “成功的”
successfully 副词 “成功地”
在某人那样的年纪
______________________
在......岁时
______________________
给某人讲故事/笑话
________________________
使某人大笑
________________________
用了make sb do sth 这个结构
在某方面有困难
________________________
做某事有困难
________________________
某人发现做某事是怎么样的
________________________
光阴似箭
______________________
笑对生活
_______________________
What’s more____________
What’s worse____________
as...as____________
not as/so...as____________
中间接形容词或副词的____________
四个“也”的区别
①______肯定句或一般疑问句的句末，前有逗号
②_______否定句句末，前有逗号
③________句中
④________肯定句句末，前无逗号
在某人的帮助下
________________________
=________________________
害怕做某事
________________________
=________________________
希望hope/wish
①希望做某事hope/wish to do sth.
②希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
像往常一样
____________
处理 解决
____________与 how连用
____________与what连用
写出old比较级的最高级
old----______ /_______---______/______
代替 而不是
instead用在句首（标点隔开）或放在句尾
instead of加名词代词或动名词
尽管 即使（引导让步状语从句）
________________________
不再
______________=__________
考试
_______________________
=________________________
做演讲
________________________
练习/喜欢/介意/完成//
practice/enjoy/mind/finish_____ sth.
接受，采纳某人的建议
____________ one’s advice
建议(n.)suggestion(可数) advice（不可数）
建议（v.）suggest advise
advise sb. to do sth.
心情好
________________________
以......为骄傲
________________________
=________________________
对......有信心
________________________
be/get ready for
____________
照顾(3个)
________________________
保持沉默
________________________
从某人那里得到某物
________________________
think---thought
think of____________
think about____________
think over____________
decide 名词形式decision
决定做某事____________
决定某事____________
做一个决定____________
everyday 形容词 “日常的”相当于daily
every day 副词短语 每天
四花费
Sb. Spend +时间/钱+on sth.
Sb. Spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth.
It takes sb. +时间/钱+to do sth.
Sb. pay +时间/钱+for sth.
Sth. cost +(sb.)+钱
spend--spent cost--cost
pay---paid take---took
语法：简单句的六种基本句型
①主系表结构S+V+P
此结构里的系动词有感官系动词：__________________________________；
Be动词；表象系动词_________________；变化系动词_________________（变颜色一般用_______，变冷变热一般用_________）和保持类系动词_________________。
②主谓结构S+V（不及物动词）
③主谓宾结构S+V(及物动词)+O
④主谓双宾S+V+IO+DO
give sb sth=give sth to sb
pass sb sth=pass sth to sb
show sb sth=show sth to sb
send sb sth=send sth to sb
tell sb sth.
buy sb sth= buy sth for sb
make sb sth=make sth for sb
bring sb sth=bring sth for sb
cook sb sth=cook sth for sb
⑤主谓宾宾补S+V+O+OC
make/call...+n.
keep/make...+adj.(常考)
ask sb to do sth.
tell sb to do sth
teach sb to do sth
want sb to do sth
allow sb to do sth
⑥There be句型（Be用就近原则）
There is/are+...
There was/were+...
There used to be+...(......过去有/存在......)
There will be+...
There is/are going to be+...
Unit 6
去某地参观 旅行
______________________
复合形容词
数词+连字符+名词单数
一个三天的假期 a three-day holiday
数词+连字符+形容词+名词单数
一个八岁的男孩an-eight-year-old boy
find out 强调“找”的结果
look for 强调“找”的动作
see 强调“看”的结果
look强调“看”的动作
与out有关的短语
start out__________ work out___________
eat out___________ carry out___________
Need的用法
need to do sth.需要做某事（实义动词）
needn’t +动词原形 （情态动词）
book 名词_____动词______
介词at后可以跟表示价格/比率/时间点/小地方/速度/年龄等词
May I have your name ____________________
问价格①___________②_____________________
盼望做某事look forward to doing sth.
注意做某事pay attention to doing sth.
坚持做某事stick to doing sth.
hear----过去式heard
hear that+句子 “听说......”
hear from=receive a letter from sb收到某人的来信
on the third day在第三天
on the playground在操场
on Monday在星期一
on May Day在五一节
on the second floor在二楼
on vacation 度假
on the left-hand side of在.....的左手边
on business 出差
on different/special occasions在不同/特殊的场合
put on穿上 上演
come along with_______________
5米长 five meters long
10米宽 ten meters wide
20米深 twenty meters deep
2米高 two meters high/tall
in/on/to用法区别
in在范围内
on相邻接壤部管辖
to不接壤不管辖
Chongqing is____ the southwest of China.
Japan is _____ the east of China.
Sichuan is ______ the southwest of Chongqing.
How far对距离提问（如：2 hours’ ride/by bike）
How long对长度提问
How much对价格或不可数名词的数量提问
How many对可数名词的数量提问
How soon对将来的时间提问（in+段时间）
注意： after+段时间 也表示“多久之后”，但却是指的过去。
等不及做某事 迫不及待做某事
__________________________________
情不自禁做某事
______________________________________
famous/known
be famous/known_________+特点 特征
be famous/known_________+身份
为......所熟知：
_________________
谢天谢地。
___________________
be fun ______ sth.
have fun_______ sth.
向某人求助(2种)
_________________________
__________________________
Little/a little/few/ a few的区别
修饰可数名词___________________
修饰不可数名词_________________
表示“有一点儿”__________________
表示“一点儿没有”__________________
遵守交通规则
____________________________________
节约能源
____________________________________
引起大气污染
____________________________________
引起麻烦
____________________________________
同意某人的观点
__________________
就某事达成一致意见
__________________
Agree的反义词__________________
处于危险中
__________________
受到处罚/罚款
__________________
learn的过去式_______________
学做某事
____________________
从......学到.....
__________________
safe 反义词__________________
danger反义词_________________
假使，如果 万一发生......
_____________________________
总而言之(3个)
_____________________________
总所周知
_______________________________
among 在.....之间____________
between在.....之间____________
我没有朋友说话。
I have no friends to talk with.
这条路很难骑。
The road is difficult to ride on.
避免做某事（2个）
__________________________
__________________________
Somewhere/anywhere/nowhere不定副词
Somebody/anybody/nobody不定代词
形容词修饰不定代词（不定副词）要放在所修饰的不定代词（不定副词）之________
语法：
⑴动词不定式：不可以做谓语的动词
基本形式：to+动词原形
可以在句中作主语/表语/宾语/宾语补足语/定语/状语
It is+ adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
want /hope/like/begin/try/need/forget/ remember/learn/plan/decide...to do sth
help sb. (to) do sth.
tell/want/invite/wish/allow/teach sb. to do sth.
make/have/let sb do sth.
see/watch/notice/feel/hear sb do sth.
We decide to sell books to raise money.(此处筹钱表目的，用why提问)
否定式：not+to+动词原形
如：decide not to do sth.
ask/tell sb not to do sth.
make sb. not to do sth.
动词不定式课和疑问词连用。（常考与特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句同义句转换）
如： I don't know where I should go.
=I don't know where to go.
⑵状语从句
原因状语从句
because/as/since/for引导,表示原因，用why提问
时间状语从句
（同时发生）when/while/as当......的时候
常考：
She is watching TV________ her mother is washing clothes.（两个动作同时发生）
They__________________ (read books) when I passed the classroom.
（当我经过教室的这一刻是过去的某一个具体时间点，那么主句应该用___________时态。）
（先后发生
before在.....之前）
after在.....之后
till/until直到.....为止（到某个时间动作停止）
not...until直到.....才（到某个时间动作才开始）
after与not ...until的同义句转换：
如：I went to bed after I finished my homework.
=I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
as soon as...“一......就......”
条件状语从句
if “如果”
unless”如果不”
时间状语从句和条件状语从句还常考时态：
主将从现；主祈从现；主情从现
结果状语从句so/such...that
”如此......以致于”
so+adj/adv.原级+that...
so many/much/little(少)/few...that...
so +adj.原级+a/an+n单..that...
such+a/an+adj.原级+n单..that
such++adj.原级+n复/不可数名词..that
如：这只猫如此可爱，我们都爱它。
The cat is so lovely that we love it .
=It is so lovely a cat that we love it.
=It is such a lovely cat that we love it .
如：房间里有如此多的人以致于没有我的容身之地。There are so many people that I have no room to stand in.
注意：此结构有时可以与too...to
not.. enough to /enough to结构与进行同义句转换
如： 丽丽太矮了拿不带那本书。
Lily is so short that she can't get that book.
=Lily is too short to get that book.
=Lily is not tall enough to get that book.
如：康康太聪明了以至于他算出了这道数学题。
Kangkang is so smart that he can work out the math problem.
=Kangkang is clever enough to work out the math problem.
目的状语从句“目的是，以便”
so that / in order that
如：我努力学习目的是能进入更好的学校。
I study hard so that/in order that I can get into a better school.
Unit 7
了解
__________________
举办美食节
__________________
什么将会是什么样？
______________________________
喜欢吃甜食（2个）
___________________________
___________________________
It’s a pleasure.
_____________________
With pleasure.
_____________________
Well done.____________
It's a great pity.
Later on_______________
做出改变
________________________
结果是
_______________________
童工child worker--child workers
男学生boy student--boy students
男医生man doctor--men doctors
名词修饰名词，复数只变后一个（man和woman除外）
In order to=to目的是
实现
come true物作主语
realize人作主语
如：
My dream will come true one day.
I want to realize my dream.
another+名词单数
another+数词=数词+more
other+名词复数
One...the other...(一个......另一个......)
Some...others...(一些.....其他的......)
孰能生巧。
_____________________________________
餐桌礼仪
_______________________________
最好作某事
_____________________________
最好不做某事
______________________________
以......开始 begin/start with
drink to
______________________
Too much/much too/too many
too much+不可数名词 “太多......”
much too+adj/adv “太......”
too many+可数名词复数 “太多......”
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
对某人来说不必作某事
全世界（4个）
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_______________________
离......远far away from
at the same time
_____________________
待售 出售
_____________________
打折出售
_____________________
可以点菜了吗？
_____________________
可以付账了吗？
_____________________
给你零钱。
_____________________
感谢您的光临。
_____________________
动词 open 反义词 close
形容词 open 反义词 closed
我可以电话订餐吗？
____________________________________________________________________________________________
一瓶柠檬茶/水/酒
————————
三瓶柠檬茶/水/酒
_____________________
可以看下菜单吗？
________________________________________
值得做某事
________________________________________
健康饮食
__________________________________
a good diet一个好的饮食习惯
据说
_______________________________
enough的用法
作adj. 修饰名词放前后都可以
enough food/food enough
作adv. 修饰形容词/副词放后边
good enough
Stop to do sth停下来做某事
Stop doing停止做某事
forget/remember to do sth
忘记/记得要做某事（未做）
forget/remember doing sth
忘记/记得做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth后悔要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth后悔做过某事（已做）
regret-----过去式regretted
语法：副词的比较等级
⑴变化规则
不规则变化
badly-- ---
far-- ---
little -- ---
much-- ----
well-- ---
⑵用法
原级
与......一样as...as.
可以在第一个as前加half,twice,three times来表示倍数关系。
不如......not as/so...as
（可以和比较级同义句转换）
比较等级
比较级+than “比......更......”
比较级前可以用much/a lot/a little/a bit/even/still/far 来修饰。
比较对象相同时，可以用that代替单数名词，those代替复数名词。
less +原级+than “......不如......”
最高级
”(the)+最高级+in/of...范围”
比较级表示最高级的概念
any other+单数 同一范围的比较
any+单数 不同范围的比较
如：李玉比他们班任意一个男孩都高。(李玉是属于这个班的学生)
Li Yu is taller than any other boy in his class.
如：重庆比日本任何一个城市都大。（重庆不属于日本）
Chongqing is bigger than any city in Japan.
the+比较级，the+比较级，“越......越......”
比较级and 比较级 “越来越.....”
Unit 8
有空 have time/ be free
买得起 can afford sth.
有足够的财力或时间做某事
afford to do sth.
在男装区in Men's Wear Section
你认为....怎么样？
How do you like... =What do you think of
对尺寸提问what size....？
四个“穿”
put on+衣服 （动作）
wear+衣服 （状态）
in+颜色/衣服 （状态 介词短语）
dress+sb.
环顾四周look around
感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词
What修饰名词
What a/an+adj.+n单 +(主+谓)!
What +adj.+n复 +(主+谓)!
How +adj./adv. +a/an+n单 +(主+谓)!
How +adj./adv. +n复 +(主+谓)!
如：多么聪明的一个男孩。
What a clever boy he is!
=How clever the boy is!
=How clever a boy he is!
因为某事祝贺某人
Congratulations to sb. on sth.
某物穿在某人身上好看
Sth. look good on sb.
Sb. look good in sth.
进展顺利
go well= go well
一切顺利
Everything goes well.
保护.....免受.......的伤害
protect ... from doing sth.
取决于
___________________
在工作时
_________________________
阻止某人做某事
stop/prevent ... (from) doing sth.
keep... from doing sth.
一套西装 a business suit
在每一个场合on every occasion
脱下 起飞 take off
It is+ adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.
与It is+ adj.+ that句子 同义句转换
在日常生活中
in the/one's daily life
在我看来
_______________________
as well as 除.....之外，也
be the same as和......一样
be different from和.....不同
be similar to和......相似
Here he There 开头的倒装句
Here comes Miss Wang.（主语是名词）
Here you are.（主语是代词）
从那时起______________________
从现在起_____________________
把....设计成 design...as
把.....叫做....
call...+名字
be sure of/about
be sure to do sth.
be sure that...
be not sure whether/if...
曾经 at one time=once
在20世纪50年代
___________________________
流行
in fashion
过时
out of style=out of fashion
“和” with/as well as/ and
with和as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数看前面那个主语。
如： 他和朋友们要去游泳。
He and his friends are going to swim.
He with his friends is going to swim.
=He as well as his friends is going to swim.
并列连词
Both...and... 两者都
not only...but (also)...不仅.......而且......
either...or...要么.......要么...... 不是......就是......
neither...nor...既不......也不......
他们可以连接两个对等的成分，当连接两个主语时，后面三个的谓语动词单复数采用“就近原则”。
36.易错题：
对划线部分提问：
The boy in black is Kangkang.
Which boy is Kangkang
语法：宾语从句
用句子来充当宾语的叫宾语从句
宾语从句主要从引导词、语序、时态，人称四个方面来考察。
①引导词：
陈述句充当宾语从句用that 引导（无词义，可省略）
一般疑问句充当宾语从句用if/whether引导（“是否”不可省略）
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句用特殊疑问词引导（不可省略）
②语序：陈述句语序（主语+谓语）
③时态：
主现从实
当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句影响。
主过从过
当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。
（一般现在时 一般过去时）
（一般将来时 过去将来时）
（现在进行时 过去进行时）
从客用现
如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，用一般现在时。
④人称
一随主
二随宾
三不变
中考英语写作满分标准
1结构要清晰 阅卷老师们要在规定的时间内批阅上千份作文，而清晰的结构，会让阅卷老师一目了然，自然就会喜欢你的作文。
最常见的结构便是”三段式“。
第一段，要开门见山，直接拿出主题。给大家举个例子，比如，写我的妈妈，第一段直接就说 My mother is a worker. She is beautiful and she is a good mother. 明确自己的观点。
第二段，说明她为什么是一个好妈妈。1. She works hard. 2. She is very strict with me. 3. She always encourages me and help me when I am in trouble. 详细说出妈妈的优点。
第三段，得出结论。大家可以发表自己的观点，也可以提出建议和希望。如，I love my mother. I love my family！
2. 时态、语法要准确
1.英语作文除了结构，时态这也是一篇作文是否得高分的关键。要明确文章的时态、同时人称要一致、数要一致、首尾要呼应。再根据内容要求，现确定事情是过去已经发生还是未来即将发生，比如记叙一件事要用一般过去时；写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现 在时；对于未来的憧憬要用一般将来时；过去的事情对现在造成的影响或过去延续到现在的状况都用现在完成时。一定不能乱用乱配。
2. 语法和拼写错误每个扣 0.5 分，重复错误一般不计。低级的语法错误不仅影响分数，更影响老师对你英语水平的总体评判。低级的语法错误包括男女不分，时态错误，语态错误，单数复数等等。
3. 短语运用要灵活
写作文的时候，尽量使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。当然，定语从句、宾语从句等句型，在关键的时候用上一两个，会增添你文章 的文采。在英语中存在很多简单又能表达很多意思的短语。这些短语的运用可以使作文更加原汁原味。
还有对关联词的使用，如 first of all，secondly，finally，last，so that，in order that，not...but，not only...but also 等。还可以使用更高级的词，如 in a word，all in all （表示总结的），but，yet，however（表示转折）等。阅卷老师很在意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了整个文 章的思路。
4. 写全要点
近年的各地中考英语提示性作文比较多，也就是说写作内容几乎都有要点提示，通常都是 3 ～ 5 个提示点。这种作文，同学们一定记住不要逐字翻译，但是提示点必须在文章中有所体现。文章写得再好，如果缺少了要点就会扣分的。所以要点也就是文章的第二段内容，同学们要把提示点写全，然后围绕提示点充分发挥，丰富自己所写的内容。
5. 书写要整洁
作文的书写一定要保持规范整洁，同一篇文章书写规范整洁的和书写混乱的之间可以有 2 到 3 分的差距。
给阅卷老师留下最深刻印象的就是你的书写，最简单的得分点就是我们的认真书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象和愉快的心情，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”。
中考写作万能句型
【开头句】
1. I think / As far as I know / In my opinion/as far as I am concerned/ from my point of view 我认为…
In my opinion/From my point of view, we should know more about good manners. 在我看来，我们应更懂礼貌。
2. It is clear that / Clearly 显而易见...
It is clear (that) this city needs more schools, buses and hospitals. 显然，这个城市需要更多学校、公车和医院。
Clearly, people who laugh more are healthier! 显然，笑得更多的人更健康！
3.As an old saying goes... 俗话说…
As an old saying goes, “Good health is worth more than wealth.” 俗话说：“健康比财富更重要。”
4. generally speaking 一般来说；总的来说
Generally speaking, I think life is better today. 总的来说，我认为如今的生活更好了。
5.The topic of…is becoming more and more popular recently. 最近…话题越来越流行
The topic of shopping online is becoming more and more popular recently.最近，网购的话题越来越火热。
6. it is believed + (that) 从句人们认为
It is believed that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 人们认为互联网有利也有弊。
7. it is said (that) ... 据说…
It is said that about half of the people in China smoke. 据说在中国大约有一半的人吸烟。
【衔接句】
1. though 虽然；尽管
Though we are young, we can still do something to help. 虽然我们年轻，但我们还是可以做点事来帮忙的。
2. even though / even if 即使；虽然
Even though they are busy, they are always thinking of me. 即使很忙，他们也总会想着我。
3. however 但是；不过；然而
He was feeling bad. However, he went to school. 他感觉不舒服，但他还是去上学了。
4. not (that) … but (that) … 不是……而是……
Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step. 生活不是竞赛，而是一场一步接着一步的旅行。
5. On one hand, …; on the other hand, … 一方面，……；另一方面，……
On one hand, I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to study for the exam.
一方面我想去参加宴会，但是另一方面我又得复习迎考。
6. reason for (doing) sth
One good reason for reading is that it is useful. 要读书的一个很好的理由就是它很有用。
7. reason + (why / that) 从句
The reason that I ask for leave is that I hurt my left foot in the P. E. class this afternoon.
我之所以请假是因为今天下午在体育课上伤了左脚。
【结尾句】
1. in short/in a word/ in conclusion/to sum up/all in all 总之；简而言之;一句话
In a word，we should make our own happiness by ourselves. 总而言之，我们要自己来创造幸福。
2.finally 最后；最终
Finally, thank you all for your help. 最后，感谢你们所有人的帮助。
3. Personally, I believe that 就我个人而言，我相信…
Personally, I believe that the better we take care of the environment,the more beautiful the world it will be.
From above, we can predict that... 从以上情况，我们可以预测...
中考写作高分锦囊
锦囊 1：巧用连接词过渡
1）次序关系：
第一/首先：first, firstly,first of all, to begin/start with,
第二/第三：second, secondly,third,thirdly
表最后：finally, eventually, lastly, at last, last but not least
2) 递进关系： What's more，moreover, besides, on the one hand..., on the other hand...,
3) 因果关系： because, since, as, for, due to, in view of, for this reason, as a result, so, therefore
4) 转折关系： but, however, though, even though
5) 并列关系： and, also, too, as well as, either, or, both...and...
6) 归纳总结：in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole,in general
锦囊 2：掌握常用句型
①重点句型
1. It’s adj for sb to do 做…对某人来说…
2. … so/such … that …
如此… 以至于……；
too … to do... 太… 而不能…
3. not…until… 直到…才…
4. The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子
… 的原因是…
5. That is why + 句子 那是…的原因
6. That is because + 句子 那是因为…
7. It is said that + 句子 据说…
It is reported that + 句子 据报道…
There is no doubt that + 句子
毫无疑问…
9. It goes without saying that + 句子
不言而喻，毫无疑问
10. There is no need to do 没必要做…
11. 主语+.find/think it adj. to do sth.
某人认为做某事...
②提建议
1. had better (not)do 最好(不)做
2. It’s +adj./n.of/for sb. to do
3. I suggest that you(should) do
我建议你做…
4. be supposed to do 应该做
5. If I were you, I would do…
我要是你的话，我会做…
6. Don’t forget to do=Remember to do...
7. Why not do / why don’t you do…
为什么不…
8. How about / what about doing …怎么样
③表示喜欢和感兴趣
like / love doing=enjoy doing
=be fond of doing 喜欢做…
2. prefer to do A rather than do B
宁愿做 A 也不愿做B
be interested in doing
= show/ take great interest in n./ doing ... 感兴趣
④努力做…
1. try to do 努力做… try one’s best to do= do one’s best to do 竭尽全力做…
2. make efforts to do= make every effort to do 尽力做…
3. do what sb can (do) to do 尽力做… spare no effort to do 不遗余力的做…
do what /everything sb. can to do 尽某人全力做…
⑤打算做… / 计划做…
intend / plan to do 打算做…
be going to do 打算/计划做…
decide to do 决定做…
determine to do 决定做…
3. make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做…
⑥表示想/希望
1. want to do = would like to do 想做…
2. hope/wish to do 希望做…
expect to do 期待着做…
3. desire to do=have a great desire to do
⑦只加 doing 作宾语的动词
finish / keep /practice / suggest / allow / consider / mind / miss / avoid / imagine / enjoy doing
⑧固定搭配
look forward to doing 盼望做…
keep on doing 坚持做…
dream of doing 梦想做…
can’t help doing 情不自禁地做…
keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing
阻止某人做…
3. be busy (in )doing be busy with + 名词 忙于做…
4. spend time / money(in )doing spend time / money on + 名词 花费时间做…
5. have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得开心
锦囊 3 ：适当升级句型
1. 普通级句型→比较级句型
The environment is bad. →The environment is getting worse and worse.
2. 动名词作主语
Reading is a good way to relax myself .
3. 感叹句增强情感
How important it is for students to do sports！
4. 形容句型升级
It was an unusual experience in my life
→ It was one of the most unusual experience in my life.
5. 简单句→从句（状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句）
锦囊 4：常用的名言警句
Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成.
4. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马.
5. Every man has his weak side. 人人都有缺点
6. Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母
7. Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
8. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人若无友,就如同生命中没有太阳。
9. All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。
10. Always prepare for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪。
11. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
12. Bad news has wings. 好事不出门,坏事传千里。
写作小tips：
动笔写之前，先在草稿纸上对写作思路进行构思。
用笔圈画题目的提示语，保证提示语中的每个点在作文中都有对应的句子。
初中作文最佳的字数是100字左右，如果学生的作文写了不到80个字（标点除外），那么可能他们的文章内容也不够完整。
保证单词、语法无误前期下，适当使用更高级的词汇和句型。
检查！检查！检查！把每个句子都当作改错题那样纠错。
各类文体写作模板
(一) 议论文
【写作步骤】
第一段：确定主题，引出论点；
第二段：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；
第三段：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文
模板 1——观点态度型①
Many students think that........, because........ .
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think, ........, so........（我的看法）. First of all, ........（原因一）. Secondly,........（原因二）. Thirdly/Most important of all, ........（原因三）.
All in all/In a word, I hold the opinion that ........（总结观点）. And I hope ........（提出愿望）.
说明利弊型
Nowadays,more and more people like to........（社会现象）. About this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand, some people think .......（优点一） . Moreover ,.......（优点二）. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, .......（缺点一）. Besides, ....... （缺点二）. I think.......（我的观点）
（二）记叙文
【写作步骤】
第一段：开门见山，交代事件的大体情况，如时间、地点、人物、事件等；
第二段：详细叙述事件发展的过程、原因或结果等；
第三段：评价该事件：表明自己的看法、感受等。
介绍地点
总说（引出场所）——按照顺序介绍场所（空间、时间顺序）——结尾（点缀评价性、宣传性文字） （四）应用文
1.书信
Dear......,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I’d like to write a letter to tell you that........ (正文内容)
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
XXX
2.电子邮件
Dear....,
How are you It has been a long time since we last contacted each other.
How are you doing in..... My life is great......
(正文先问候别人情况，在说明自己现状，围绕题目要求提出自己的疑问或者请求。)
I will be looking forward to your reply! Hope to see you soon.（结尾表达对对方的期盼或者是祝福）
Yours sincerely，
XXX
3.日记
January 1st Monday（Date） Sunny（Weather）
（有要求在居中位置写 title）
Today is my first day to do......(正文记事，不需署名)
4.演讲稿（如，演讲比赛）
Hello, everyone. I’m XXX. It’s my honour to have opportunity to give you a speech. Today, my topic is....... （正文）
That’s all for my speech. Thank you for listening.（结尾）八年级下册复习
Unit 5
invite v.邀请----- invitation n.
邀请某人：
invite sb.
邀请某人做某事：
invite sb. to do sth.
邀请某人去某地：
invite sb. to sp.
你好吗？
How are you
How are you doing
one of......之一
后边的名词用复数，形容词用最高级
对/向某人说（谢谢/抱歉）
say thanks/sorry to sb.
way的用法
①在去某地的路上 on the way to sp.
②在某人去某地的路上 on one's way to sp.
③顺便说一下 by the way
④做某事的一个好方法/最佳方式 a way/the best way to do sth.
①一张......的票 a ticket to...
②门的钥匙 the key to the door
③问题的答案 the answer to the question
seem的用法
①seem+表语( 名词/形容词)
（常考系动词后跟形容词做表语）
②seem to do sth.似乎做某事
③It seems that+句子 （常考②③同义句转换)
以-ed/-ing结尾的形容词的用法（教材第三页2a）
常考:对......感兴趣： be interested in...
对......感到惊讶： be surprised at...
推测①“一定” must
②“一定不” can't
③“可能” may/can
对.....感到抱歉：
be sorry for
死①名词： death
②动词 die 过去式died
现在分词dying
③形容词 dead
alone/lonely区别
①alone adj. 单独的，独自的 adv. 单独地
②lonely adj. 孤独的 偏僻的
如：She lives alone in a lonely village, but she doesn't feel loney.
因为
① because of+(名词/代词/动名词或短语)
② because+句子
sound一切声音
voice 嗓音
noise噪音 制造噪音： make noise
up相关短语
stay up 熬夜 hurry up快点
stand up起立 shut up闭嘴
cheer up使.....振作起来 look up 查询
wake up醒来 put up粘贴 挂起
pick up捡起 接...... turn up开大
cut up切碎_
speed up加速_(反义词)slow down
形成；产生
come into being
与......和解
make peace with
与某人交朋友
make friends with sb.
use的用法
（adj.形式为useless无用的 无效的_useful有用的 有效的）
过去常常做某事：
used to do sth.
习惯于做某事：
be/get used to doing sth.
用某物来做某事：
used sth. to do sth.
= used sth. for doing sth.
充满
① be full of
②be filled with
在某些人中受欢迎/流行：
be popular with...
在......的末尾
at the end of
最后；终于（3个）
in the end/ at last/ finally
对某人要求严格
be strict with sb.
对某事要求严格
be strict in sth.
没有朋友谈心
have no friends to talk with
没有钱/时间做某事
have no money/time to do sth.
在某方面做得好；擅长做某事
be good at/ do well in
在某方面做得不好
do badly in
因......而感谢
thanks for (doing ) sth.
担心某人
worry about
be worried about
迷路 丢失
get/be lost
生病
be ill（强调状态）=fall ill(强调动作)
ill 和sick 的区别：
都可以放系动词后做表语，sick还可以修饰名词做定语。
一个生病的男孩 a sick_ boy
别着急！
Take it easy !/Don't worry.
try用法
①try to do sth.
②try doing sth.
③尽某人最大努力做某事
try /do one's best to do sth.
fail用法
①考试失败fail an/the... exam
②未能成功作某事fail to do sth.
其名词形式为failure，反义词为succeed
succeed 动词 “成功”
succeed in sth. “在.....成功”
succeed in doing sth.”成功地做某事”
success 名词 “成功”
successful 形容词 “成功的”
successfully 副词 “成功地”
在某人那样的年纪
at one’s age
在......岁时
at the age of...
给某人讲故事/笑话
tell sb. stories/jokes
使某人大笑
make sb. laugh
用了make sb do sth 这个结构
在某方面有困难
have problems with ...
做某事有困难
have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.
某人发现做某事是怎么样的
sb find it+ adj.+to do sth.
光阴似箭
How times flies!
笑对生活
smile at life
What’s more而且
What’s worse更糟糕的是
as...as和.....一样
not as/so...as不如......
中间接形容词或副词的原级
四个“也”的区别（too/also/as well/either）
①too肯定句或一般疑问句的句末，前有逗号
②either否定句句末，前有逗号
③also句中
④as well肯定句句末，前无逗号
在某人的帮助下
with sb.’s help
=with the help of sb.
害怕做某事
be afraid to do sth.
=be afraid of doing sth.
希望hope/wish(v.)
①希望做某事hope/wish to do sth.
②希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
hope/wish做名词“希望“，wish常用复数形式
像往常一样
as usual
处理 解决
deal with与 how连用
do with与what连用
写出old比较级的最高级
old----older /elder---oldest/eldest
代替 而不是
instead用在句首（标点隔开）或放在句尾
instead of加名词代词或动名词
尽管 即使（引导让步状语从句）
even though / even if
不再
not...any longer=no longer
考试
have a test/an exam
=take a test/an exam
做演讲
make/give a speech
练习/喜欢/介意/完成//
practice/enjoy/mind/finish doing sth.
接受，采纳某人的建议
take/follow one’s advice
建议(n.)suggestion(可数) advice（不可数）
建议（v.）suggest advise.
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
心情好
be in a good mood
以......为骄傲
be proud of...
=take pride in...
对......有信心
be/feel confident about...
be/get ready for
为......做好准备
照顾(3个)
look after/care for/take care of
保持沉默
keep silent
从某人那里得到某物
get sth. from sb.
think---thought
think of认为
think about考虑
think over仔细考虑
thought还可以做名词“想法”
decide 名词形式decision
决定做某事decide to do sth.
决定某事decide on sth.
做一个决定make a dicision
everyday 形容词 “日常的”相当于daily
every day 副词短语 每天
四花费
Sb. Spend +时间/钱+on sth.
Sb. Spend +时间/钱+(in) doing sth.
It takes sb. +时间/钱+to do sth.
Sb. pay +时间/钱+for sth.
Sth. cost +(sb.)+钱
spend--spent cost--cost
pay---paid take---took
语法：简单句的六种基本句型
①主系表结构S+V+P
此结构里的系动词有感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel；
Be动词；表象系动词seem/appear(显得)；变化系动词turn/get（变颜色一般用turn，变冷变热一般用get）和保持类系动词stay/keep。
②主谓结构S+V（不及物动词）
③主谓宾结构S+V(及物动词)+O
④主谓双宾S+V+IO+DO
give sb sth=give sth to sb
pass sb sth=pass sth to sb
show sb sth=show sth to sb
send sb sth=send sth to sb
tell sb sth.
buy sb sth= buy sth for sb
make sb sth=make sth for sb
bring sb sth=bring sth for sb
cook sb sth=cook sth for sb
⑤主谓宾宾补S+V+O+OC
make/call...+n.
keep/make...+adj.(常考)
ask sb to do sth.
tell sb to do sth
teach sb to do sth
want sb to do sth
allow sb to do sth
⑥There be句型（Be用就近原则）
（现在）There is/are+...
（过去）There was/were+...
There used to be+...(......过去有/存在......)
（将来）There will be+...
There is/are going to be+...
Unit 6
去某地参观 旅行
go on a visit to sp.
复合形容词
数词+连字符+名词单数
一个三天的假期 a three-day holiday
数词+连字符+名词单数+连字符+形容词
一个八岁的男孩an eight-year-old boy
find out 强调“找”的结果
look for 强调“找”的动作
see 强调“看”的结果
look强调“看”的动作
与out有关的短语
start out出发 启程 work out算出
eat out外出就餐 carry out执行 实施
look out当心 find out查明
Need的用法
need to do sth.需要做某事（实义动词）
needn't +动词原形 （情态动词）
book 名词“书”_动词“预订”
介词at后可以跟表示价格/比率/时间点/小地方/速度/年龄等词
May I have your name
(翻译)可以告诉我你的名字吗？
问价格①how much
②what's the price of
盼望做某事look forward to doing sth.
注意做某事pay attention to doing sth.
坚持做某事stick to doing sth.
hear----过去式heard
hear that+句子 “听说......”
receive a letter from sb
=hear from sb.收到某人的来信
on the third day在第三天
on the playground在操场
on Monday在星期一
on May Day在五一节
on the second floor在二楼
on vacation/holiday 度假
on the left-hand side of在.....的左手边
on business 出差
on different/special occasions
在不同/特殊的场合
put on穿上 上演
到达
arrive at+小地方
arrive in+大地方
get to +地方
reach+地方
come along with随同
5米长 five meters long
10米宽 ten meters wide
20米深 twenty meters deep
2米高 two meters high/tall
in/on/to用法区别
in在范围内
on相邻接壤部管辖
to不接壤不管辖
Chongqing is in the southwest of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
Sichuan is on the southwest of Chongqing.
How far对距离提问（如：2 hours’ ride/by bike）
How long对长度提问
How much对价格或不可数名词的数量提问
How many对可数名词的数量提问
How soon对将来的时间提问（in+段时间）
注意： after+段时间 也表示“多久之后”，但却是指的过去(用when提问)。
等不及做某事 迫不及待做某事
can't wait to do sth.
情不自禁做某事
can't help doing sth.
famous/known adj. 著名的
be famous/known for+特点 特征
be famous/known as+身份
为......所熟知：
be famous/known to sth.
谢天谢地。
Thank goodness.
be fun to do sth.做某事很有趣
have fun doing sth.高兴做某事
向某人求助(2种)
ask sb. for help
=turn to sb.
little/a little/few/ a few的区别
修饰可数名词few/ a few
修饰不可数名词little/a little
表示“有一点儿”a little / a few_
表示“一点儿没有”little / few
遵守交通规则
obey/follow the traffic rules
节约能源
save energy
引起大气污染
cause pollution
引起麻烦
cause trouble
同意某人的观点
agree with sb.
就某事达成一致意见
agree on sth.
agree的反义词disagree
处于危险中
in danger
受到处罚/罚款
get a fine
learn的过去式learnt/learned
学做某事
learn to do sth.
从......学到.....
learn ...from
safe adj. 反义词dangerous
danger n.反义词safety
假使，如果 万一发生......
in case of
总而言之(3个)
in short/in a word/all in all
总所周知
as we know
among 在.....之间(三者及以上)_
between在.....之间（两者）
我没有朋友说话。
I have no friends to talk with.
这条路很难骑。
The road is difficult to ride on.
避免做某事（2个）
keep from doing sth.
=avoid doing sth.
Somewhere/anywhere/nowhere不定副词
Somebody/anybody/nobody不定代词
形容词修饰不定代词（不定副词）要放在所修饰的不定代词（不定副词）之后。
语法：
⑴动词不定式：不可以做谓语的动词
基本形式：to+动词原形
可以在句中作主语/表语/宾语/宾语补足语/定语/状语
It is+ adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
want /hope/like/begin/try/need/forget/ refuse/remember/learn/plan/decide...to do sth
help sb. (to) do sth.
tell/want/invite/wish/allow/teach sb. to do sth.
make/have/let sb do sth.
see/watch/notice/feel/hear sb do sth.
We decide to sell books to raise money.(此处筹钱表目的，用why提问)
否定式：not+to+动词原形
如：decide not to do sth.
ask/tell sb not to do sth.
make sb. not to do sth.
动词不定式课和疑问词连用。（常考与特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句同义句转换）
如： I don't know where I should go.
=I don't know where to go.
⑵状语从句
原因状语从句
because/as/since/for引导,表示原因，用why提问
时间状语从句
（同时发生）when/while/as当......的时候
常考：
She is watching TV while her mother is washing clothes.（两个动作同时发生）
They were reading (read books) when I passed the classroom.
（当我经过教室的这一刻是过去的某一个具体时间点，那么主句应该用过去进行时态。）
先后发生
before在.....之前
after在.....之后
till/until直到.....为止（到某个时间动作停止）
not...until直到.....才（到某个时间动作才开始）
after与not ...until的同义句转换：
如：I went to bed after I finished my homework.
=I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
as soon as...“一......就......”主句动作在从句后立刻发生
如： I will call you as soon as I get there.
条件状语从句
if “如果”
unless”如果不”
时间状语从句和条件状语从句还常考时态：
主将从现；主祈从现；主情从现
如：We will go for a picnic if it’s sunny tomorrow.
如果明天是晴天，我们就要去野炊。
=We will go for a picnic unless it’s rainy tomorrow.
如果明天不是雨天我们就去野炊。
结果状语从句so/such...that
”如此......以致于”
so+adj/adv.原级+that...
so many/much/little(少)/few...that...
so +adj.原级+a/an+n单..that...
such+a/an+adj.原级+n单..that
such++adj.原级+n复/不可数名词..that
如：这只猫如此可爱，我们都爱它。
The cat is so lovely that we love it .
=It is so lovely a cat that we love it.
=It is such a lovely cat that we love it .
如：房间里有如此多的人以致于没有我的容身之地。There are so many people that I have no room to stand in.
注意：此结构有时可以与too...to
not.. enough to / enough to结构与进行同义句转换
如： 丽丽太矮了拿不带那本书。
Lily is so short that she can't get that book.
=Lily is too short to get that book.
=Lily is not tall enough to get that book.
如：康康太聪明了以至于他算出了这道数学题。
Kangkang is so smart that he can work out the math problem.
=Kangkang is clever enough to work out the math problem.
目的状语从句“目的是，以便”
so that / in order that
如：我努力学习目的是能进入更好的学校。
I study hard so that/in order that I can get into a better school.
Unit 7
了解
know about
举办美食节
hold/have a food festival
......将会是什么样？
What will...be like
喜欢吃甜食（2个）
like eating sweet food.
=have a sweet tooth
It’s a pleasure.（翻译）
别客气。
With pleasure.（翻译）
很乐意。
Well done.干得漂亮！（翻译）
It's a great pity.很遗憾。（翻译）
later on随后_
做出改变
make a change
结果是
as a result
童工child worker--child workers
男学生boy student--boy students
男医生man doctor--men doctors
名词修饰名词，复数只变后一个（man和woman除外）
In order to=to目的是（用why提问）
实现
come true物作主语
realize人作主语
如：My dream will come true one day.
I want to realize my dream.
another+名词单数
another+数词=数词+more
other+名词复数
One...the other...(一个......另一个......)
Some...others...(一些.....其他的......)
熟能生巧。
Practice makes perfect.
餐桌礼仪
table manners
最好做某事
had netter do sth.
最好不做某事
had better not do sth.
以......开始 begin/start with
drink to s
为.....干杯/祝酒
too much/much too/too many
too much+不可数名词 “太多......”
much too+adj/adv “太......”
too many+可数名词复数 “太多......”
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.
对某人来说不必作某事
全世界（4个）
around the world
across the world
through out the world
all over the world
离......远far away from
at the same time
同时
待售 出售
for sale
打折出售
on sale
可以点菜了吗？
May I take your order
可以付账了吗？
May I have/pay the bill
给你零钱。
Here is your change.
感谢您的光临。
Thanks for your coming.
动词 open 反义词 close
形容词 open 反义词 closed
我可以电话订餐吗？
Could I order a meal by phone
一瓶柠檬茶/水/酒
a bottle of lemon tea/water/wine
三瓶柠檬茶/水/酒
three bottles of lemon tea/water/wine
可以看下菜单吗？
May I have the menu,please
值得做某事
be worth doing sth.
健康饮食
healthy eating
a good diet一个好的饮食习惯
据说
It's said that
enough的用法
作adj. 修饰名词放前后都可以
enough food/food enough
作adv. 修饰形容词/副词放后边
good enough
stop to do sth停下来做某事
stop doing停止做某事
forget/remember to do sth.
忘记/记得要做某事（未做）
forget/remember doing sth.
忘记/记得做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth后悔要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth后悔做过某事（已做）
regret-----过去式regretted
否定前移
复合句（宾语从句）的主句谓语动词为think,believe,guess,expect,suppose时，宾语从句的否定形式要移到主句。
如：I think。 she isn't right.(把两句合为一句)
I don't think she is right.
我认为她不是对的。
语法：副词的比较等级
⑴变化规则
直接加-er/-est
以不发音的e结尾的，直接加-er/-est
以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i，再加-er/-est
重读闭音节，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est
在词前加more 或 most
不规则变化
badly--- worse ---worst
far-- farther/further---farthest/furthest
little ---less---least
much---more----most
well---better---best
⑵用法
原级
与......一样as...as.（可以和比较级同义句转换）
如： She is as tall as her mother.
可以在第一个as前加half,twice,three times来表示倍数关系。
如：The ruler is twice as long as that one.
这把尺子是那把尺子的两倍长。
不如......not as/so...as
如： She is not as cute as her little brother.
比较等级
比较级+than “比......更......”
比较级前可以用much/a lot/a little/a bit/even/still/far 来修饰。
比较对象相同时，可以用that代替单数名词，those代替复数名词。
less +原级+than “......不如......”
最高级
”(the)+最高级+in/of...范围”
比较级表示最高级的概念
any other+单数 同一范围的比较
any+单数 不同范围的比较
如：李玉比他们班任意一个男孩都高。(李玉是属于这个班的学生)
Li Yu is taller than any other boy in his class.
如：重庆比日本任何一个城市都大。（重庆不属于日本）
Chongqing is bigger than any city in Japan.
the+比较级，the+比较级，“越......越......”
比较级and 比较级 “越来越.....”
Unit 8
有空 have time/ be free
买得起 can afford sth.
有足够的财力或时间做某事
afford to do sth.
在男装区in Men's Wear Section
你认为....怎么样？
How do you like... =What do you think of
对尺寸提问what size....？
四个“穿”
put on+衣服 （动作）
wear+衣服 （状态）
in+颜色/衣服 （状态 介词短语）
dress+sb.
环顾四周look around
感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词
What修饰名词
What a/an+adj.+n单 +(主+谓)!
What +adj.+n复 +(主+谓)!
How +adj./adv. +a/an+n单 +(主+谓)!
How +adj./adv. +n复 +(主+谓)!
如：多么聪明的一个男孩。
What a clever boy he is!
=How clever the boy is!
=How clever a boy he is!
因为某事祝贺某人
Congratulations to sb. on sth.
某物穿在某人身上好看
Sth. look good on sb.
Sb. look good in sth.
进展顺利
go well= go well
一切顺利
Everything goes well.
保护.....免受.......的伤害
protect ... from doing sth.
取决于
depend on
在工作时
at work
阻止某人做某事
stop/prevent ... (from) doing sth.
keep... from doing sth.
一套西装 a business suit
在每一个场合on every occasion
脱下 起飞 take off
It is+ adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.
与It is+ adj.+ that句子 同义句转换
在日常生活中
in the/one's daily life
在我看来
in my opinion
as well as 除.....之外，也
be the same as和......一样
be different from和.....不同
be similar to和......相似
Here he There 开头的倒装句
Here comes Miss Wang.（主语是名词）
Here you are.（主语是代词）
从那时起from then on
从现在起from now on
把....设计成 design...as
call...+名字 “把.....叫做....”
be sure of/about
be sure to do sth.
be sure that...
be not sure whether/if...
曾经 at one time=once
在20世纪50年代
in the 1950s
流行 in fashion
过时 out of style=out of fashion
“和” with/as well as/ and
with和as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数看前面那个主语。
如： 他和朋友们要去游泳。
He and his friends are going to swim.
He with his friends is going to swim.
=He as well as his friends is going to swim.
并列连词
both...and... 两者都
not only...but (also)...不仅.......而且......
either...or...要么.......要么...... 不是......就是......
neither...nor...既不......也不......
他们可以连接两个对等的成分，当连接两个主语时，后面三个的谓语动词单复数采用“就近原则”。
36.易错题：
对划线部分提问：
The boy in black is Kangkang.
Which boy is Kangkang
语法：宾语从句
用句子来充当宾语的叫宾语从句
宾语从句主要从引导词、语序、时态，人称四个方面来考察。
①引导词：
陈述句充当宾语从句用that 引导（无词义，可省略）
一般疑问句充当宾语从句用if/whether引导（“是否”不可省略）
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句用特殊疑问词引导（不可省略）
②语序：陈述句语序（主语+谓语）
③时态：
主现从实
当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句影响。
主过从过
当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。
（一般现在时 一般过去时）
（一般将来时 过去将来时）
（现在进行时 过去进行时）
从客用现
如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，用一般现在时。
如： My mother told me the earth goes around the sun.
④人称(可以根据实际情况来确定人称)
一随主
二随宾
三不变
本期书面表达预测
谈论心情，提建议(参考教材P13,P23)
旅行经历(参考教材p33 p 40）
旅行计划
自行车优缺点(参考教材P43 P45 P47）
The bicycle is one of the most important vehicles in the world. In every country people use bicycles for work, for sport or just for fun.
It has many advantages.Bicycle riding is good exercise. It helps people become fit. It is also good for the environment because bicycles do not cause pollution.Cycling can help us save energy and it's easy to park bikes
But it also has some disadvantages. Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks. Drivers do not always notice bicycles. So bicycle riders must pay attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals.
And you should wear helmets when riding.
In a word, we use ride bicycles carefully, the best way to be safe is to be careful.
......的制作流程
First...,Second...,Next...,Then..., After that...,Finally...
饮食习惯(参考教材P69，）
餐桌礼仪(参考教材P67--68，)
健康饮食(参考教材P77)
穿衣建议（体型，职业，季节）
82C范文： 不同体型：
It's important for people to choose suitable clothing.
I have a few suggestions for you. Fat customers should wear dark color clothes and simple styles. These clothes will make them look smaller.They should not wear bright or light colors. Short people should wear soft colors,and their clothes should not have big contrasts. Fancy designs or flowers do not look good on short people. If tall and thin people wear warm colors, they will appear strong and full.Customers with broad waists will look good in dark or cold-colored clothes that will make them look slimmer.
Each people should dress correctly.
不同职业：
People wear uniforms for different reasons.
We students wear school uniforms at school to show good discipline. Firefighters wear special coats and helmets to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings. Soldiers wear green clothes to protect themselves in the forest.When officials dress in their official uniforms, they look important. When we see airline pilots wearing uniforms at the airport, we believe that they know how to fly the plane. If we have a car accident on the street and we see a police officer in uniform, we know we can get help from him or her. When doctors wear uniforms, it is easy for patients to find them. Also, their uniforms are clean so they can stop the spread of diseases.
Different uniforms show different jobs. So it's necessary for us to know different uniforms in our daily life.
不同季节：
Most people believe we should dress correctly on every occasion. What's more, we should choose different clothes in different seasons.
In China,the temperature changes greatly, so the clothes people wear in each season are very different. In spring,it is windy there,so I like to wear a windbreaker.I like summer very much because I can wear different colorful clothes, such as shorts, T-shirts and dresses. In fall, it is cool. I like to wear casual clothes, especially jeans. They make me look beautiful. In winter it is cold there.I usually wear a sweater or other warm clothes and boots.
So indifferent seasons ,we should wear different clothes.
讨论：中学生是否应该穿校服（82C）
范文：Some students think it is important for them to wear uniforms because ①school uniforms can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active. ②Besides, school uniforms are cheaper than casual clothes .③What's more, it shows no difference between students if everyone wears school uniforms.
But other students have different opinions. ①They say that school uniforms look ugly on them. ②What's more, it seems boring that one wears the same clothes every day. They want their clothes to be colorful.
In my opinion,students should wear uniforms. But we should be allowed to design our own uniforms.
中考英语写作满分标准
1结构要清晰 阅卷老师们要在规定的时间内批阅上千份作文，而清晰的结构，会让阅卷老师一目了然，自然就会喜欢你的作文。
最常见的结构便是”三段式“。
第一段，要开门见山，直接拿出主题。给大家举个例子，比如，写我的妈妈，第一段直接就说 My mother is a worker. She is beautiful and she is a good mother. 明确自己的观点。
第二段，说明她为什么是一个好妈妈。1. She works hard. 2. She is very strict with me. 3. She always encourages me and help me when I am in trouble. 详细说出妈妈的优点。
第三段，得出结论。大家可以发表自己的观点，也可以提出建议和希望。如，I love my mother. I love my family！
2. 时态、语法要准确
1.英语作文除了结构，时态这也是一篇作文是否得高分的关键。要明确文章的时态、同时人称要一致、数要一致、首尾要呼应。再根据内容要求，现确定事情是过去已经发生还是未来即将发生，比如记叙一件事要用一般过去时；写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现 在时；对于未来的憧憬要用一般将来时；过去的事情对现在造成的影响或过去延续到现在的状况都用现在完成时。一定不能乱用乱配。
2. 语法和拼写错误每个扣 0.5 分，重复错误一般不计。低级的语法错误不仅影响分数，更影响老师对你英语水平的总体评判。低级的语法错误包括男女不分，时态错误，语态错误，单数复数等等。
3. 短语运用要灵活
写作文的时候，尽量使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。当然，定语从句、宾语从句等句型，在关键的时候用上一两个，会增添你文章 的文采。在英语中存在很多简单又能表达很多意思的短语。这些短语的运用可以使作文更加原汁原味。
还有对关联词的使用，如 first of all，secondly，finally，last，so that，in order that，not...but，not only...but also 等。还可以使用更高级的词，如 in a word，all in all （表示总结的），but，yet，however（表示转折）等。阅卷老师很在意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了整个文 章的思路。
4. 写全要点
近年的各地中考英语提示性作文比较多，也就是说写作内容几乎都有要点提示，通常都是 3 ～ 5 个提示点。这种作文，同学们一定记住不要逐字翻译，但是提示点必须在文章中有所体现。文章写得再好，如果缺少了要点就会扣分的。所以要点也就是文章的第二段内容，同学们要把提示点写全，然后围绕提示点充分发挥，丰富自己所写的内容。
5. 书写要整洁
作文的书写一定要保持规范整洁，同一篇文章书写规范整洁的和书写混乱的之间可以有 2 到 3 分的差距。
给阅卷老师留下最深刻印象的就是你的书写，最简单的得分点就是我们的认真书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象和愉快的心情，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”。
中考写作万能句型
【开头句】
1. I think / As far as I know / In my opinion/as far as I am concerned/ from my point of view 我认为…
In my opinion/From my point of view, we should know more about good manners. 在我看来，我们应更懂礼貌。
2. It is clear that / Clearly 显而易见...
It is clear (that) this city needs more schools, buses and hospitals. 显然，这个城市需要更多学校、公车和医院。
Clearly, people who laugh more are healthier! 显然，笑得更多的人更健康！
3.As an old saying goes... 俗话说…
As an old saying goes, “Good health is worth more than wealth.” 俗话说：“健康比财富更重要。”
4. generally speaking 一般来说；总的来说
Generally speaking, I think life is better today. 总的来说，我认为如今的生活更好了。
The topic of…is becoming more and more popular recently. 最近…话题越来越流行
The topic of shopping online is becoming more and more popular recently.最近，网购的话题越来越火热。
6. it is believed + (that) 从句人们认为
It is believed that the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 人们认为互联网有利也有弊。
7. it is said (that) ... 据说…
It is said that about half of the people in China smoke. 据说在中国大约有一半的人吸烟。
【衔接句】
1. though 虽然；尽管
Though we are young, we can still do something to help. 虽然我们年轻，但我们还是可以做点事来帮忙的。
2. even though / even if 即使；虽然
Even though they are busy, they are always thinking of me. 即使很忙，他们也总会想着我。
3. however 但是；不过；然而
He was feeling bad. However, he went to school. 他感觉不舒服，但他还是去上学了。
4. not (that) … but (that) … 不是……而是……
Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step. 生活不是竞赛，而是一场一步接着一步的旅行。
5. On one hand, …; on the other hand, … 一方面，……；另一方面，……
On one hand, I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to study for the exam.
一方面我想去参加宴会，但是另一方面我又得复习迎考。
6. reason for (doing) sth
One good reason for reading is that it is useful. 要读书的一个很好的理由就是它很有用。
7. reason + (why / that) 从句
The reason that I ask for leave is that I hurt my left foot in the P. E. class this afternoon.
我之所以请假是因为今天下午在体育课上伤了左脚。
【结尾句】
1. in short/in a word/ in conclusion/to sum up/all in all 总之；简而言之;一句话
In a word，we should make our own happiness by ourselves. 总而言之，我们要自己来创造幸福。
2.finally 最后；最终
Finally, thank you all for your help. 最后，感谢你们所有人的帮助。
3. Personally, I believe that 就我个人而言，我相信…
Personally, I believe that the better we take care of the environment,the more beautiful the world it will be.
From above, we can predict that... 从以上情况，我们可以预测...
中考写作高分锦囊
锦囊 1：巧用连接词过渡
1）次序关系：
第一/首先：first, firstly,first of all, to begin/start with,
第二/第三：second, secondly,third,thirdly
表最后：finally, eventually, lastly, at last, last but not least
2) 递进关系： What's more，moreover, besides, on the one hand..., on the other hand...,
3) 因果关系： because, since, as, for, due to, in view of, for this reason, as a result, so, therefore
4) 转折关系： but, however, though, even though
5) 并列关系： and, also, too, as well as, either, or, both...and...
6) 归纳总结：in short, in brief, in a word, on the whole,in general
锦囊 2：掌握常用句型
①重点句型
1. It’s adj for sb to do 做…对某人来说…
2. … so/such … that …
如此… 以至于……；
too … to do... 太… 而不能…
3. not…until… 直到…才…
4. The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子
… 的原因是…
5. That is why + 句子 那是…的原因
6. That is because + 句子 那是因为…
7. It is said that + 句子 据说…
It is reported that + 句子 据报道…
There is no doubt that + 句子
毫无疑问…
9. It goes without saying that + 句子
不言而喻，毫无疑问
10. There is no need to do 没必要做…
11. 主语+.find/think it adj. to do sth.
某人认为做某事...
②提建议
1. had better (not)do 最好(不)做
2. It's +adj./n.of/for sb. to do
3. I suggest that you(should) do
我建议你做…
4. be supposed to do 应该做
5. If I were you, I would do…
我要是你的话，我会做…
6. Don’t forget to do=Remember to do...
7. Why not do / why don’t you do…
为什么不…
8. How about / what about doing …怎么样
③表示喜欢和感兴趣
like / love doing=enjoy doing
=be fond of doing 喜欢做…
2. prefer to do A rather than do B
宁愿做 A 也不愿做B
be interested in doing
= show/ take great interest in n./ doing ... 感兴趣
④努力做…
try to do 努力做…
try one’s best to do
= do one’s best to do 竭尽全力做…
2. make efforts to do
= make every effort to do 尽力做…
3. do what sb can (do) to do 尽力做… spare no effort to do 不遗余力的做…
do what /everything sb. can to do
尽某人全力做…
⑤打算做… / 计划做…
intend / plan to do 打算做…
be going to do 打算/计划做…
decide to do 决定做…
determine to do 决定做…
3. make up one’s mind to do 下定决心做…
⑥表示想/希望
1. want to do = would like to do 想做…
2. hope/wish to do 希望做…
expect to do 期待着做…
3. desire to do=have a great desire to do
⑦只加 doing 作宾语的动词
finish / keep /practice / suggest / allow / consider / mind / miss / avoid / imagine / enjoy doing
⑧固定搭配
look forward to doing 盼望做…
keep on doing 坚持做…
dream of doing 梦想做…
can't help doing 情不自禁地做…
keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing
阻止某人做…
3. be busy (in )doing be busy with + 名词 忙于做…
4. spend time / money(in )doing spend time / money on + 名词 花费时间做…
5. have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得开心
锦囊 3 ：适当升级句型
1. 普通级句型→比较级句型
The environment is bad. →The environment is getting worse and worse.
2. 动名词作主语
Reading is a good way to relax myself .
3. 感叹句增强情感
How important it is for students to do sports！
4. 形容句型升级
It was an unusual experience in my life
→ It was one of the most unusual experience in my life.
5. 简单句→从句（状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句）
锦囊 4：常用的名言警句
Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成.
4. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马.
5. Every man has his weak side. 人人都有缺点
6. Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母
7. Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
8. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人若无友,就如同生命中没有太阳。
9. All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。
10. Always prepare for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪。
11. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
12. Bad news has wings. 好事不出门,坏事传千里。
写作小tips：
动笔写之前，先在草稿纸上对写作思路进行构思。
用笔圈画题目的提示语，保证提示语中的每个点在作文中都有对应的句子。
初中作文最佳的字数是100字左右，如果学生的作文写了不到80个字（标点除外），那么可能他们的文章内容也不够完整。
保证单词、语法无误前期下，适当使用更高级的词汇和句型。
检查！检查！检查！把每个句子都当作改错题那样纠错。
各类文体写作模板
(一) 议论文
【写作步骤】
第一段：确定主题，引出论点；
第二段：通过摆事实、讲道理来支持自己的观点。所用的事实、原因、理由应紧密地同结论联系在一起；
第三段：得出结论。要简明扼要、回扣全文
模板 1——观点态度型①
Many students think that..., because...
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think, ..., so...（我的看法）. First of all, ...（原因一）. Secondly,...（原因二）. Thirdly/Most important of all, ...（原因三）.
All in all/In a word, I hold the opinion that ...（总结观点）. And I hope ...（提出愿望）.
说明利弊型
Nowadays,more and more people like to...（社会现象）. About this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand, some people think ...（优点一） . Moreover ,...（优点二）. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, ...（缺点一）. Besides, ...（缺点二）. I think...（我的观点）
（二）记叙文
【写作步骤】
第一段：开门见山，交代事件的大体情况，如时间、地点、人物、事件等；
第二段：详细叙述事件发展的过程、原因或结果等；
第三段：评价该事件：表明自己的看法、感受等。
介绍地点
总说（引出场所）——按照顺序介绍场所（空间、时间顺序）——结尾（点缀评价性、宣传性文字） （四）应用文
1.书信
Dear...,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I’d like to write a letter to tell you that.... (正文内容)
I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies.
Best regards for your health and success.
Sincerely yours,
XXX
2.电子邮件
Dear....,
How are you It has been a long time since we last contacted each other.
How are you doing in... My life is great...
(正文先问候别人情况，在说明自己现状，围绕题目要求提出自己的疑问或者请求。)
I will be looking forward to your reply! Hope to see you soon.（结尾表达对对方的期盼或者是祝福）
Yours sincerely，
XXX
3.日记
January 1st Monday（Date） Sunny（Weather）
（有要求在居中位置写 title）
Today is my first day to do...(正文记事，不需署名)
4.演讲稿（如，演讲比赛）
Hello, everyone. I'm XXX. It’s my honour to have opportunity to give you a speech. Today, my topic is... （正文）
That's all for my speech. Thank you for listening.（结尾）
八年级下册英语复习资料 作者：李丹
