牛津译林版英语八年级下册 Unit1 Past and Present. Grammar 课件 (共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
Grammar
I ________________ (see) the film last year.
I ________________ (see) the film ten times.
I don’t want ________________ (see) the film now.
saw
have seen
to see
现在完
成时
定义
基本构成
时间标志词
现完PK一过
过去分词的构成
现在完成时(一)
I have seen the film ten times.
I don’t want to see it now.
I saw the film last year.
二、定义
动作发生在过去、已完成、对现在有影响
一、基本构成： 主语+have/has+done
动词 变化规则 例词
三、过去分词的构成
work
→worked
一般动词
直接+ ed
live
→lived
不发音的e结尾
去e+ed
stop
→stopped
重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅-元-辅)
双写辅音字母 + ed
study
→studied
“辅音字母 + y ”结尾
变 y为 i + ed
不规则动词时态变化表
-hurt
-hurt
A-A-A
hurt
A-B-B
A-B-C
A-B-A
-cost
cost
-cost
-lost
lose
-lost
-built
build
-built
-ate
eat
-eaten
-fell
fall
-fallen
-came
come
-come
-ran
run
-run
三、过去分词的构成
★
hold
burn
fly
let
sit
show
choose
begin
come
steal
wake
draw
四、现完句式
I have seen the film ten times.
陈述句
肯定句
否定句
I haven’t seen the film ten times.
疑问句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
Have you seen the film ten times？
Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
Who have seen the film ten times
对主语进行提问：who+照抄
What have you seen ten times
对非主语进行提问：特殊疑问词+一疑
四、常用的时间标志词
1. already 和 yet
I have _______ watched the film .
I haven’t finished my homework _______.
Have you found your ruler _______
already
yet
yet
already 已经
yet 已经
yet 尚; 还
肯定句
疑问句句末
否定句句末
not…yet
尚未；还没有
2. ever 和 never
---Have you _______seen this movie
---No, I have ________seen it.
ever
never
ever 表“曾经”,多用于疑问句；
never 表“从未”，多用于表否定。
五、常用的时间标志词
五、现在完成 PK 一般过去
I __________the film last week. (see)
I __________the film already. (see)
saw
have seen
现完：对现在的影响，不与过去时间状语连用。
(already, yet, ever, just, before, recently, up to now, so far, since, for, etc.)
一过：过去的动作，常接表过去的时间状语。
(yesterday, last night, just now, ago, in the past etc.)
Sum Up
现在完成时
基本构成
定义
时间标志词
现完PK一过
过去分词的构成
( ) 1. Paul and I ________ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I.
A. play B. will play
C. played D. are playing
( ) 2. Lucy _______ her dog and now she is walking it.
A. will find B. is finding
C. has found D. finds
( ) 3. ---I am here to see Mr. Andrews.
---I’m afraid you can’t see him here any more. He
________.
A. leaves B. left
C. will leave D. has left
直击中考
( ) 4. I ______ in the hospital yesterday. I had to look
after my sick mother.
A. am B. was
C. are D. were
( ) 5. ---Look! The light is still on in Mr. Zhang’s office.
---I’m afraid he __________ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish
直击中考
Grammar
Lesson 2
Do you like snow
Have you watched this film
Yes, I have already seen it.
No, I have never seen it.
现在完成时
Have a
review!
The film __________ (begin) in Nov. 10, 2019.
It ___________ （begin）for three months.
began
has been on
现在完成时（二）
定义：动作开始于过去，持续到现在，有可能继续下去。
They have been married since 2018.
用法（一）
They have been married for 2 years.
for + 时间段
since + 时间点/一过
时间点
时间段
提问方式：How long
They have visited a lot of places since they moved here.
一过
for + 时间段
I have bought them for for 3 years.
I have had them for 3 years.
√
ⅹ
He has left Nanjing for 3 years.
He has been away for 3 years.
√
ⅹ
for + 时间段
I have bought them for 3 years.
I have had them for 3 years.
√
ⅹ
He has left Nanjing for 3 years.
He has been away for 3 years.
√
ⅹ
用法（二）
短动作
短动作
瞬间性动词不与since, for 和how long 连用
How
I have had them for 3 years.
He has been away for 3 years.
√
用法（二）
表状态
表状态
瞬间动词若转换成表状态的延续性动词，可接时间段。
√
常见瞬间动词
瞬间动词 持续动词
leave/go
be away
die
be dead
closed
be closed
open
borrow
buy
keep
have
be open
瞬间动词 持续动词
arrive at/in
reach/ get to
stay
join (in)/ take part in
be in
begin/ start
be on
finish/ end
be over
make friends
be friends
表状态：be+adj./adv.
延续性动词
marry
be married
1) --- Have you ever _______Beijing
--- Yes, I’ve been there twice.
(2) My parents _______ the park.
(3) They _______ China for two years.
have been to & have gone to & have been in
been to
have gone to
have been in
用法（三）
1）have been to
(常与 ever, never, …before, once, twice 等连用)
去过 （已回来）
2）have gone to
去了（在途中或已到达）
3）have been in
= have stayed in
已在某地(待了多久)
have/has been here/there
have/has been to here/there
have/has gone to here/there
注意一：have/has been/gone there ; there/here前不加介词
注意二：for+一段时间用been in
We have been to NJ for three days.
We have gone to NJ for three days.
We have been in NJ for three days.
√
ⅹ
ⅹ
ⅹ
ⅹ
√
常见改错
1）They have arrived in Beijing for two days.
__________________
They have been/stayed in Beijing for two days.
2 ) The door has opened since he left the classroom.
The door has been open since he left the classroom.
3）The lesson has started for 20 minutes.
The class has been on for 20 minutes.
_____________
____________
4）I have borrowed the book for ten days.
I have kept the book for ten days.
_________________
Exercises
直击中考
1. Miss Lin ________ a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A. does B. did C. has done D. will do
2. I ________ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
3. My aunt is a writer. She ________ more than ten books
since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote
C. has written D. will write
5. She ________ as an animal trainer since 2003.
A. has worked B. works
C. will work D. worked
直击中考
Thank you
THANK YOU