(共25张PPT)
Welcome
我
爱
七
选
五
资中二中 蔡征宇
Part I Sharing
Part II Experiencing
我爱七选五
Part III Applying
Part IV Summarizing
Part V Enhancing
Sharing
Sharing Methods
我爱七选五
解题步骤与技巧
Sharing
1．阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。
在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组专有名词、数词、否定词、带个人色彩的形容词或副词、动词或动词词组等。
2．阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词。
3．比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案。
4．将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。
Experiencing
Experiencing
我爱七选五
__51_You don’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you．__52_ The important position is the one that you go to sleep in．
If you go to sleep on your back，you’re a very open person．You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don’t like to displease people．So you never express your real feelings．_53_
If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person．You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset．You always stick to your own opinions or judgment，but you aren’t very ambitious(上进心)．__54__This means that you enjoy having a good time．
If you sleep curled up，you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often delusive．You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people．
You prefer to on your own，You’re easily hurt．
If you sleep on your side．yon have usually got a well—balanced personality．__55__Yon’re usually careful．You believe in yourself．Yon sometimes feel anxious，but you don’t often get sad．You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
_______
______________________
___________
________________
___________
______________________
___________
______________
______
___________
__________
A. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself．
B．You know your strengths and weakness．
C. Normally people seldom change their sleeping position.
D .Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．
E. Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.
F .You usually live for today not tomorrow．
G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions．
___
__________________
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_______________________
__________________________________
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__________________
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_____________________________
_____________________________
__________________________
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D
G
A
F
B
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Applying
Applying methods
(细节类型题解题技巧)
1
2
3
4
我爱七选五
1)词汇复现法
Applying
复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
双保险：上下文再核实一下
2)同词出现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇或者跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密（如：
Applying
3)代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
Applying
4) 逻辑关系线索
Applying
找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是：
并列关系（如and, also, too, as well as; first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; for one thing, for another…;to begin with, to conclude等）
因果关系 (because, for, since, as, the reason is that，result in/from, due to, thanks to, owing to, thus，so，hence，as a result等等)。
转折关系（如however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, whatever, whoever , on the contrary, conversely, by contrast, in comparison, otherwise，while等）；
解释关系 （如in other words，in another word，that is to say，in fact，actually等）；
递进关系（如also, further, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等）。
What are the methods of five out of seven （team work）
Summarizing
Summarize methods
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Pronoun
代词
Opposite
反义词
Synonym
同义词
Similar
相近词
Key words
Before blank
空前
After blank
空后
choice
选项
Foretelling
Compound
并列
Cause
and effect
因果
Transition
转折
Explana
-tion
解释
Connection
Additive
Words 递进
1
2
3
4
5
6
Key words
Foretelling
Connection
K
F
C
Summarizing
Summarizing
Steps:
1. Read the sentences before or after the blanks, and circle some key words.
2. Read the choices, and circle some key words.
3. Choose according to KFC.
我爱七选五
Summarizing
Exercise:
Read the passage and complete the exercise.
2. Exchange the answers with your partners.
3. Report the answers in class.
Enhancing
Homework:
Finish the exercise by using the methods of choosing five out of seven.
share
May you succeed!
methods(共34张PPT)
一．短文改错的测试特点
1、词法的测试 词法的测试包括：
1）定冠词和不定冠词的用法；
2）名词的单复数和名词所有格；
3）动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词；
4）人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词的用法；
5）介词的搭配；
6）并列连词、从属连词的用法；
7）形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；
8）固定搭配和习惯用法。
2、句法的测试
句法的测试包括：
1）主 、谓语在数上的一致；
2）名词性从句；
3）定语从句；
4）强调句型；
5）句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
3、语篇的测试
语篇的测试包括：
1）上下文中的时态是否一致；
2）上下文中的代词是否一致；
3）上下文中的逻辑是否一致。
高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，有10处错误，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，考查学生对英语知识的综合运用能力。各种错误所占比例为
2：1：7:
或者 1：1：8：
多 缺 错
二.短文改错的命题特点
三.短文改错的题型特点
1。错词。短文中有一词在词法，搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出来并改为正确的词。
1. Work hard，but you ’ll make great progress.
Work hard, and you’ll make great progress.
2.Their school is not so big as our.
Their school is not so big as ours
3. Three four of the building were ruined
Three fourths of the building were ruined
2.缺词。
在短文中缺词的地方，要求考生按语法。搭配或上下文语义的需要找出所缺的词并补上所缺的词。
1. I’m writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.
I’m writing to ask you to come to our class for a visit.
2. Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.
Because of the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
3. Attention .please, everyone ！ I have annoucement to make.
Attention, please, everyone! I have an annoucement to make.
3.多词
在短文中有一词按照语法.搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余,要求考生认定该多余的词并划去.
1. With his help, I made a great progress and caught up with the class.
With his help, I made great progress and caught up with the class.
2. A shocking incident was happened in Pengyang county on October 14.
A shocking incident happened in Pengyang county on October 14.
3. Although I’m 16 years old, but my father still treats me as a careless child .
Although I’m 16 years old, my father still treats me as a careless child.
四、短文改错题的错误类型
在高考英语试卷中，短文改错题属综合能力测试题型，要求考生全面地运用语言知识，根据语法结构。词汇意义。上下文关系等进行综合判断，找出错误，加以改正。错误大致可分为词汇错误。句法错误和上下文逻辑错误。
(一).词法方面的错误主要有:
1.冠词方面的错误
1.该使用冠词的地方没有使用冠词或不需要使用冠词的地方却使用了冠词.
2.冠词的误用,该用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠,而该用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词.
1. I had decided to give it up, but on the second thoughts, I decided to try a third time.
I had decided to give it up, but on second thoughts, I decided to try a third time.
2. Mr Black will go to the US by a plane.
Mr Black will go to the US by plane.
2.名词方面的错误
1.可数名词数的使用错误;2.可数名和不可数名的混淆;3. 名词的所有格错误.4. 名词做定语的用法.
1.Without such knowledges, one would not be able to understand what was seen or heard.
Without such knowledge, one would not be able to understand what was seen or heard.
2.To my surprise, he has finished a day work.
To my surprise, he has finished a day’s work.
3. In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to several shoes stores.
In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to several shoe stores.
3.情态动词方面的错误
Need 和 dare 可以用作实义动词, 在回答由 could 和might引导的表请求的一般疑问句时,不能用could 和 might(应分别用和 may)回答.
1. “ Could I use your dictionary ” “Yes, of course you could”.
“ Could I use your dictionary ” “ Yes of course you can”.
2. “ Must I leave here right now ” “ No you mustn’t”.
“ Must I leave here right now ” “ No you needn’t”.
4.代词的用法错误.
代词误用是要求判别代词同它所指代的词在单复数.格或人称上是否一致;指代什么,用法是否正确;以及作为形式主语或形式宾语it的用法错误。
1.In spite of all these changes, a great number of men still guard his rights.
In spite of all these changes, a great number of men still guard their rights.
2.I don’t think this possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.
I don’t think it possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.
5. 形容词、副词的误用
主要指该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词，还要分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级 。
1.You always gave me specially attention and encouraged me to work hard.
You always gave me special attention and encouraged me to work hard.
2. The journey was long and tired.
The journey was long and tiring.
6.有关连词方面的错误.
连接词的误用主要有把握不住句式误用连词,混淆连词与关系副词,推断不出上下文逻辑关系误用连词等.
1.I’m trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
I’m trying to improve the situation but it doesn’t seem to work.
2. Be careful, and you’ll fall into the river.
Be careful, or you’ll fall into the river.
7.非谓语动词的用法错误.
非谓语动词包括动词不定式.动名词和分词.做题时要求判断是用不定式.动名词还是分词.一看到句子中有分词(现在分词或过去分词),就要判断这个分词是表示主动还是被动;是表示现在还是过去;是该用现在分词还是过去分词. Eg :
1. On seeing the young child to fall into the lake, Tom went to the rescue.
On seeing the young child fall into the lake, Tom went to the rescue.
2.The audience stood up, looked out of the window.
The audience stood up, looking out of the window
8.介词(固定搭配)方面的错误.
介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1.The basketball team is made up with 10 young players.
The basketball team is made up of 10 young players.
2.The two classrooms are quite different from size.
The two classrooms are quite different in size.
(二).句法方面的错误有:
名词性从句. 定语从句.强调句和主胃一致方面的错误.
1.Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.
That fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.
2. It is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.
As is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.
3. What I need are a big fortune now.
What I need is a big fortune now.
4.It was at the railway station where I met Li Ming yesterday.
It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
五.短文改错的解题要求
短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。既能考查学生词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查学生的阅读理解能力。如果发现错误，规规矩矩地按照要求改正。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ∧），并在其下面写出该词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ﹨）划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
六.短文改错应注意的问题
四不改：
1. 单词拼写不改 .
2. 大小写不改 .
3. 词序不改 .
4. 标点符号不改
七. 解题步骤
八.短文改错口诀
动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副；
非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；
介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，
冠词连词常光顾。
九、跟踪练习---句子改错
1).To my surprised, he has finished a day’s work.
2).Mr Black will go to the US by a plane。
3). His ruler is longer than I，which is clear to everybody。
4).This TV set is the cheaper of the three。
5).We invited a foreign teacher give us a speech yesterday。
6).You’d better buy you some fruits when you go on a trip。
7).A 200-meters-long bridge will be built near my house next year
8).They arrived early in a Tuesday morning。
9). It is known to all， too much smoking will cause lung cancer。
10).The film I saw yesterday is really moving. It is very worth seeing a third time。
1).To my surprise, he has finished a day work
To my surprise， he has finished a day‘s work。
2).Mr Black will go to the US by a plane。
Mr Black will go to the US by plane。
3). His ruler is longer than I，which is clear to everybody。
His ruler is longer than mine，which is clear to everybody。
4).This TV set is the cheaper of the three。
This TV set is the cheapest of the three。
5).We invited a foreign teacher give us a speech yesterday。
We invited a foreign teacher to give us a speech yesterday。
6).You’d better buy you some fruits when you go on a trip。
You‘d better buy yourself some fruits when you go on a trip。
7).A 200-meters-long bridge will be built near my house next year。
A 200-meter-long bridge will be built near my house next year。
8).They arrived early in a Tuesday morning。
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning。
9). It is known to all， too much smoking will cause lung cancer。
As is known to all， too much smoking will cause lung cancer。
10).Two days is not enough for me to finish the work。I need the third day。
Two days is not enough for me to finish the work， I need a third day。
十.Practice One day,I was cooking in the kitchen when the telephone rings.I went to answer them immediately.
It was from the one of my close friends,Lisa.When we were talked on the phone,the fire alarm sounded. I ran back to the kitchen.The room was full of smoke but the beef was badly burnt .I quickly turned off the gas, opening all the windows,and then went out the house.To my surprise, two fire engine were outside my house.I was rather worried. I told the firemen it was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke and that I would be carefully later.(共22张PPT)
teacher
friend
superman
hero
Who:
What:
a couple of lovers, God, the doctor
____ couple of lovers led an ________ (envy)
life in a town. ___________ (fortunate), the
man had an accident and was severely _____
(injure). The woman ___________ (attend) him
day and night. _________ her lover was still
sleeping, _________ (hope), she made a deal
______God: to be a butterfly for three years in
exchange for the man’s ________ (recover),
_____ was a hard choice but easy to make to a
willing heart.
A
enviable
Unfortunately
injured
attended to
But
hopelessly
with
recovery
which
Development
Ending
Beginning
Climax(高潮)
A. The man was badly injured and showed no signs of recovery.
B. The woman dealt with God to save her lover but another girl
appeared between them.
C. The man and the woman had an enviable love.
* structures（结构）
* sentence patterns （句式）
* words &phrases （词和短语）
1
* theme：negative/positive
* interpretation（解意）
* key words（关键词）
* clues （线索）
Step3
polish
（润色）
Step 2
draft
（拟稿）
Step 1
compose
(构思）
underlined words
enjoying the sunrise the sunset consciousness
the church God tears
love regret became
the butterfly fly sweet
heart-stricken
underlined words（选5个以上）
who (人物）：God the butterfly
where（地点）：the church
event（事件）：enjoying the sunrise the sunset
consciousness tears love regret became
fly sweet heart-stricken
clues
“I can help you…for three years…”
“Yes, I do! i won’t regret doing that!”
God also felt sad … “Do you regret for what you
have done ”
e….
b. The man and the doctor married, and the woman remained to be a butterfly.
The man and the doctor married, and the woman left.
c. The man proposed to the doctor, but God uncovered the truth to the man and gave the separated lovers a happy reunion.
d. The man proposed to the doctor, but God uncovered the truth to the man which involved him in a dilemma. Finally, the man left.
1. 目睹；见证 (2分)
vt. _________
2. 他说过的最甜蜜的话 (2分)
（提示词sweet）
_________________________________
3. 蝴蝶难过得情不自禁地哭了。 (4分)
（提示词tears）
_________________________________
_________________________________
see/witness
The sweetest words he has ever said
The butterfly couldn’t help shedding her tears sadly.
/The butterfly could no longer hold back the tears.
/Tears filled her eyes and the butterfly could no longer calm down.
2. 第三年的最后一天 (2分)
____________________________
On the last day of the third year
1. 变深；使加深 (2分)
vt./vi. _________
deepen
3. 他们的爱已成为回忆。(4分)
______________________________
______________________________
Their love has become memories.
/Their love has turned into memories.
/Their love has become a past.
2. 揭露真相 (2分)
_____________________
1. 被打动的；受感动的 (2分)
adj. be_________ by
touched
uncover the truth
/expose the truth
/reveal the truth
/moved/impressed
3. 对于我为他所做的事我从来没有后悔过。(4分) （提示词regret, 用倒装句式）
________________________________
________________________________
Never have I regretted for what I have done for him.
1. 唤醒 (2分)
vt. _________
awaken/ rouse
2. 遭受许多挫折 (2分)
_____________________
go through many obstacles
/ suffer many struggles
3. 男人震惊了， 越发觉得后悔和内疚 (4分)
（提示词regrets/guilt）
______________________________________
______________________________________
The man was shocked, and the feeling of regrets and guilt grew stronger.
Paragraphy1:
The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged
to her, but now they belonged to another woman. She
could do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on.
__________________________________________________
Paragraphy2:
God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly,
“Do you regret for what you have done ” __________
______________________________________________
四人一组，完成写作任务，每人扮演重要角色如下：
Role 1：Theme controller
Role 2：Structure builder
Role 3：Grammar checker
Role 4：Coherence(连贯） master （每人至少写两句）
Version C
The man proposed to
the doctor, but God
uncovered the truth to
the man and gave the
separated lovers a happy
reunion.
Paragraphy1:
The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged
to her, but now they belonged to another woman. She could
do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
It was heartbroken to see their love deepen day by day. Time
went by quickly. On the last day of the third year when the
deal between God and the butterfly was almost over, the man
proposed to his girlfriend. He took out a beautiful ring and
swore the sweetest words he has ever said. Hearing this, the butterfly couldn’t breathe. Her darken eyes were full of tears.
she flew away silently in great grief and despair. At that
moment, she realized that he wouldn’t know her sacrifices and
their love has become a past.
Paragraphy2:
God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly, “Do you
regret for what you have done ” ______________________
__________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The butterfly said, “No.
Never have I regretted for what I have done for him.” moved
by her words, God was lost in thought: she had gone through so many struggles and she shouldn’t deserve that. So, the day before the man and the doctor’s wedding, God uncovered the whole truth to him. Obviously, the man was shocked and the feeling of regrets and guilt grew stronger. The love deep inside was awakened. He rushed to the church to beg for the woman’s forgiveness. And he determined that this time he won’t let her go. He will take her to enjoy the sunrise and the sunset for a lifetime.
Paragraphy1:
The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged
To her, but now they belonged to another woman. She could
do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Witnessing their love deepen with each passing days was
extremely hard for her. Time slipped by quickly. On the last day of the third year when the deal between God and the butterfly was almost over, the man proposed to his girlfriend with a beautiful ring, swearing the sweetest words he has ever said. The butterfly could no longer hold back tears. She was trembling and could not feel her heart beating. With deep grief and great despair, she flew away. At that moment, she completely realized that time has buried everything as well as her sacrifices , and their love has turned into dusty memories.
Paragraphy2:
God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly, “Do you
regret for what you have done ” ______________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
The butterfly cleaned her
teary eyes and said, “No. I never feel sorry for anything I
do for him.” Struck by her reply, God was lost in thought: the
woman who suffered so many struggles shouldn’t deserve
such a tragedy. And he had other plans. The day before their
wedding, God revealed the whole truth to the man, which
left him speechless, as he thought she was just scared and left .
Apparently, the man was shocked and the feeling of regrets
and guilt grew stronger. The love deep inside was awakened,
and he rushed to the church with a determined heart: this time,
he won’t let her go. He owed her a lifetime to enjoy the sunrise
and the sunset.
Effective phrases and various sentence patterns make your passage vivid and attractive.
Appropriate conjunctions and adjectives make the passage colorful and coherent(连贯的).
A well-organized structure can highlight the theme based on the event.
Choose one of the following theme to write two paragraphys
for the story based on the given underlined words.
a. The man and the doctor married, and the woman left.
b. The man and the doctor married, and the woman
remained to be a butterfly.
The man proposed to the doctor, but God uncovered
the truth to the man which involved him in a dilemma.
Finally, the man left.(共124张PPT)
阅读体裁
经过多年的发展与创新，高考英语阅读理解的选材特点、命题特点以及语篇的词数都相对稳定。阅读理解文章的语言材料一般都是原汁原味的英语文章，即in English, about English(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及内容广，选材方面突出环保、人物传记、社会风俗、大众科普、广告、文学作品、时文报道等。（历届高考体裁）
1. 细节理解
2. 猜测词义
3. 推理判断
4.主旨大意
题
型
及
解
题
技
巧
考向一 事实认定类
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
2．判断是非的形式。含有true/false，not true/false或except等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3．以“according to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。
常见问题形式有：
1.According to the passage, who/ what/
which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how
many/how much/ how long/ How soon/
how often, etc.
2. According to the passage, which of the
following is true/ not true
3. According to the passage, Which of the
following is not mentioned
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ___.
5. In the passage the writer states that ____.
6. Choose the best order in which the people
do________.
7. Which of the following is true/false except…
8. Which of the following is mentioned except…
Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada
B. in the Black Canyon
C. between New York and San Francisco
D. both A and B
Sample 1
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is
possible to drive a car from one side of the
river to the other on a road， which is on
the top of the dam. This dam is so big that
there is an elevator inside. … …
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam
when it was finished in 1936. Later it was
renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a
president of the United States. Hoover Dam，
one of the highest dams in the world，is
situated between the states of Arizona and
Nevada.
Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada
B. in the Black Canyon
C. between New York and San Francisco
D. both A and B
Sample 1
Sample 2
Which of the following is NOT true
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with
her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia
in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to
become Miss Asia.
Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，…
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong
when she was only six years old， Luo Lin
has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her
childhood dream was to be an air hostess.
Before she took part in the competition, she
had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for
seven years. However，it still took her three
months to learn the art of walking on the stage,
dancing, singing, making-up and other proper
manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
Sample 2
Which of the following is NOT true
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with
her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia
in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to
become Miss Asia.
moved
Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，…
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong
when she was only six years old， Luo Lin
has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her
childhood dream was to be an air hostess.
Before she took part in the competition, she
had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for
seven years. However，it still took her three
months to learn the art of walking on the stage,
dancing, singing, making-up and other proper
manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
taken
According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause
of more and fiercer storms is .
A．greenhouse gas emissions (散发)
in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures
of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels
Sample 3
… reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
connect
to
According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause
of more and fiercer storms is .
A．greenhouse gas emissions (散发)
in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures
of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels
Sample 3
Laupepa was not satisfied with the United
States because it did not .
A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas
emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were
real
Sample 4
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with
the United States for refusing to sign the
Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement
calling for industrialized nations to reduce
their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are
a main cause of global warming . “By
refusing to sign the agreement, the US has
effectively taken away the freedom of future
generations of Tuvaluan to live there,”
Laupepa told the BBC.
Laupepa was not satisfied with the United
States because it did not .
A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas
emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were
real
Sample 4
(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)
Jack London’s last days were ______.
A. usual ones
B. not poor ones
C. rich ones
D. unhappy ones
Sample 5
Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40.
He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.
Jack London’s last days were ______.
A. usual ones
B. not poor ones
C. rich ones
D. unhappy ones
Sample 5
考向二 数字计算类
数字计算题可涉及年代、人物年龄、需付钱数等方面的数字计算。
You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000
C. $9,000 D. $11,000
Sample 6
Tuition Fees (学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato．ac．nz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato．ac．nz
$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)
+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．
You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000
C. $9,000 D. $11,000
Sample 6
考向三 顺序排列类
排列顺序类细节理解题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后要求学生根据文章内容对选项中的事实进行排序。
Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc B. bacd
C. acbd D. bcad
Sample 7
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc B. bacd
C. acbd D. bcad
Sample 7
如何做主旨大意题
做此类题目时，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
1. 标题类常见的题型:
1.The best title/ headline for this passage
might be____.
2.The text (passage) could be entitled .
3.What is the best title for the passage
4.Which of the following would be suitable
as a title for the passage
题 干 表 现 形 式
1. This passage chiefly deals with____.
2. What’s the topic of the article
3. What is the subject discussed in the text
4. With what topic is the passage chiefly
concerned
2：大意类（文章和段落）常见题型
The author’s main purpose in writing the
passage is______.
The passage is meant to _____
The purpose of this article is _______
3：目的类常见题型
主题句呈现的形式
A. 文首
提出主题, 随之用细节来解释,
支撑或发展主题句所表达的主
题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作
方式。
sample 1
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
Sample 2
Sample 3
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
B. 文尾
在表述细节后,
归纳要点, 印象, 结
论建议或结果, 以
概括主题. 这是英
语中最常见的归
纳法写作方式。
sample 4
Often no one looks more guilty than
the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi-
-onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to
hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to
try to judge a person only by his appearance
sample 5
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。
sample 6
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu-
-rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buying A TV Set
B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware
D. TV On Sale
(detail)
(detail)
(detail)
sample 7
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
无主题句
即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
sample 8
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four
years, moved to another university.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from
Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
detail
detail
detail
Types Of Paragraph Structures
type The position of the topic Information words
At the beginning
At the end
In the middle
No clear topic sentence
for example……
so, therefore,……
特别注意：
文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。
Passage B(NMET2003)
Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.
Example and success of the program
How to get
the main idea of a passage
Passage B(NMET2003)
Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.
Example and success of the program
59. What is mainly discussed in the text
A. Children’s reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.
C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.
details
Paragraph ideas
Passage idea
词义猜测题着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
Question Form
(1) The word “…” in Line … means/can
be best replaced by …
(2) As used in the passage, the phrase
“…” suggests…
(3) From the passage, we can infer that
the word/phrase “…” is/refers to …
(4) The word “…” is closest in meaning
to …
1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph
2. The underlined word in the second paragraph means“__________”．
3. The word“it/they” in the last sentence refers to“__________”．
4. What does the phrase “__________”in Paragraph 1 mean
5. The underlined word“__________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“__________”．
根据解释确定词义
技巧 1
1. Social mobility is the movement from
one class or level of living to another.
2. The other questioned the veracity--– the
truthfulness of these reports.
社会流动性
真实性
3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a
goal, he will not give it up easily.
4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained
the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,
swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
坚决的
变戏法者
根据对比确定词义
技巧 2
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
一片混乱
根据逻辑确定词义
技巧 3
If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.
不知疲倦的
根据上下文情景确定词义
技巧 4
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the
second paragraph means___.
A cleaning up B taking in
C wiping out D giving out
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.
根据上下文情景确定词义
技巧 4
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the
second paragraph means___.
A cleaning up B taking in
C wiping out D giving out
利用构词法猜测词义
技巧 5
利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义
技巧 6
1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the
nest when they are big enough to fly．
A．children B．ancestors
C．generations D．mates
2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s
desk．
A．piece B．balance
C．mixture D．pile
Try to do the following exercises:
根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义
3. Before you buy something，check the
quality first．For example, if it is cheap,
it might not be good．
A．how good it is B．what the color is
C．what the size is D．how big it is
4. Please give me your recipe for this cake，
so I can make it too．
A．a dish B．directions for cooking
C．a meal D．directions to your house
5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to
crawl on the floor．
A．walk on two feet B．fly
C．sit in a chair
D．move on the hands and knees
6. Mr. Brown is an amateur
photographer．He is an engineer．But in
his free time he likes to take pictures．
A. as a hobby B．for money
C．as a job D．as work
7. This small Christmas tree is made of
plastic．It is not a real tree．It is
artificial．
A. beautiful B. not natural
C. for a special holiday
D．in an art museum
8. whales and elephants are gigantic
animals．No other animals can compare
with them in size．
A. small B．land C．sea D．huge
9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world.
The strange thing about the kiwi is that it
cannot fly．
A· a kind of fish B．a kind of cat
C. a kind of rock D．a kind of bird
10. Some Africans carve beautiful human
and animal figures out of wood．They
sell their carvings to stores and museums．
A．draw B．beat C．heat D．cut
11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a
child who is not in good health．The
child develops red spots，and feels hot
and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets
well quickly．
A．a kind of animal B．a kind of food
C．a kind of childhood disease
D．a lack of pure water
12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．
A. family members from a long time ago
B. grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-
grandparents
D．family members all living at the same
time
1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有
同义词解释的选项。
2. 不选事实细节选项
3. 不选非事实选项
4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项
技巧
常见问题形式:
1. It can be inferred/concluded from the
passage that ______
2.The passage suggests/implies that ____
3.By the first sentence of the second
paragraph, the author means _____
4. We can conclude that_________.
5. When the writer talks about..., what he
really means is that_____.
6. Which of the following can be inferred
from the passage
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age
because he thought___________.
A. she was young
B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful
D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every
day because___________.
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single " “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her "
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age
because he thought___________.
A. she was young
B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful
D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every
day because___________.
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much
1.Why do people put hot metal in water
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of
metal depends on __.
A. the quantity of water used
B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal
D. the timing of the operation
Sample 2
3. As suggested by the text, how can glass
be made less brittle
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing
it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.
1.Why do people put hot metal in water
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of
metal depends on ___________.
A. the quantity of water used
B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal
D. the timing of the operation
Sample 2
3. As suggested by the text, how can glass
be made less brittle
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
观点和态度
理解作者的观点和态度题：
既考查学生对字面意思的理解，
也考查学生对作者写作目的、
态度、观点等的理解。
正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。---假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？
此类考题的主要形式：
1.The writer’s purpose in writing
this story is ______ .
2. The text discusses men and women
50,000 years from now in order to
show that _____ .
辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。
注意：
贬义：disgust, critical, negative,
tolerant, disappointment
褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful,
interesting, enthusiasm, admiring…
中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested,
ambivalent, neutral, apathetic,
disinterested,
The author appears ___modern advertising.
A. to like B. to be indifferent to
C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with
e.g.
One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断)
The author appears ___modern advertising.
A. to like B. to be indifferent to
C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with
e.g.
The writer uses the example of “ocelots”
to show that_________.
A. wild animals have become more
dangerous
B. the driving conditions have improved
greatly
C. the measure for protecting wildlife
fails to work
D. an increasing number of animals are
killed in road accidents.
Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason Roadkill.
The writer uses the example of “ocelots”
to show that_________.
A. wild animals have become more
dangerous
B. the driving conditions have improved
greatly
C. the measure for protecting wildlife
fails to work
D. an increasing number of animals are
killed in road accidents.
篇章结构
１．说明文的基本结构
Descriptive writing
Definition
(Introduction)
Description
(Explanation)
Conclusion
Examples
Comparison
Classification
2. 议论文的基本结构
Argumentation
Topic
Arguments
conclusion
Opinion
Supporting sentences
facts
examples
theory
论点
论据
结论
3.记叙文的基本结构
Narrative writings
Story
presentation
Ending
Time clues
Inverted time clues
surprising
humorous
对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:
1. 问结构
１）How is the text organized
A. Topic—Argument—Explanation
B. Opinion—Discussion—Description
C. Main idea—comparison—
supporting examples
D. Introduction—supporting examples
--conclusion
2)The first paragraph is used as…/to…
3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter
Jennings’ death in order to ______ .
2.问指代
1)The word “everything” in paragraph
2 means____
2)What does the underlined word in
paragraph 4 refer to
3.问文章出处/前文／后续
1). The passage is most likely to be taken
from___
2. The passage is most likely a part of____
3)The passage is most likely to be taken
from the article entitled_____
4)What may be talked about before the
first paragraph /after the last paragraph
5)The paragraph following the passage
will probably discuss____
小试身手：
6
1. Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
3. Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
1. Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan’s voyage was the first trip around the world .
2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
1. time
2. ships and
people
3. route
4. Sufferings
and difficulties
a. Lack of
food and
freshwater
b. Hunger
and diseases
c. Deaths
The process of Magellan’s long difficult voyage
5. success
3. Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Magellan’s voyaged proved the earth is round.
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Para 1: Magellan’s voyage was the first trip around the world .
Para 2: The process of Magellan’s long difficult voyage
Para 3: Magellan’s voyage proved the earth is round.
Magellan’s
voyage
6
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage
A. Magellan’s death
B. Going Around The World
C. The World Is Round
D. Magellan’s Voyage
(too narrow)
(too narrow)
(too broad)
(proper)
遵循 四字原则:
准
全
新
用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想
要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点准确地
表达出来.
要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要
内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小.
所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发读
者的阅读兴趣.
精
应试技巧
1.主题句的特点
主题句所表达的意思具有概括性
句子结构简单明了, 作者一般不会采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为文章的主题句
文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.
一.文首找主题句,提炼文章标题
新闻报道, 说明文,议论文
二: 文尾找主题句, 提炼标题或归纳大意.
议论文 总--分--总
三: 首尾呼应展现主题句, 瞻前顾后归纳大意.
四: 整合每一段的主题句,归纳大意
五: 从段落中归纳要点抓大意.
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 只是暗示性地体现主
题. 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实
或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意
2. 主题句的位置
3. 选项分析
正确选项的特点
含有抽象名词和概括性词语. 四个选项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项.
四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项
那些概括全文, 内容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答案项, 而选项内容片面, 单一的内容一般是错误选项.
错误选项的特点
以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论述的话.
过于笼统. 即归纳的主题太泛, 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.
把观点强加与作者. 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.
无关信息, 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息
从前面所述可知，查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本, 最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。
例1：Choose the most general word. A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist
该问题要求找出最有概括力的词。C scientist 符合题意, 因为它包括了 chemist, physicist和biologist, 而A, B和D 都指某一具体学科的科学家, 不能概括其他词。因此, scientist 最具有概括性。
例2：Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.
A, C, D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况, 相互间并无联系。而B却概括了A, C, D共性的东西, 即：为什么旅客在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此, B符合题意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A, B, C, D 几条信息, 那么 B 就是本段的中心思想。同样, 如果在一段文章中, 作者分几段来叙述几方面的内容, 那这些段落所要说明的问题就是本文的中心思想。
例3：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A) Economic Principles B) Law of Supply and Demand C) More Goods, Lower Prices D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices
“阅读理解”解题步骤的
两种不同看法：
1.“先文后题”，即先读短文后做题；
2."先题后文"，即在阅读短文之前先读题，然后再带着问题去读短文。
Ⅰ.关于“先文后题”，可按以下步骤进行
1.若有标题，一定要先审读标题。
2.快速阅读，把握大意。
3.快速浏览问题，选择答案。
4.带着“疑题”跳读短文。
5.做完题之后，是否复查，要视情况而定。
Ⅱ.运用“先题后文”法时要注意：
1.先读题时只能读问题或题干，不读问题后的选项。
2.读题时要把问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文。
3.在带着问题读短文时，对文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，用铅笔作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备。
4.读完短文之后，紧接着便选择答案。
阅读的两大坏习惯
1.阅读时心、手、头、口共用。
2.阅读时强作语法分析。
得分不高的主要问题
1.语言知识问题
1).词汇量不达标,识记的单词太少
2).语法基础较差
2.背景知识问题
3.分析能力问题
4.心理因素问题
有些学生在阅读中因粗心大意而导致失误。
阅读训练策略
1.强化基础训练
扩大词汇量的最好方法是大量阅读
还需要学一点构词法---前缀、后缀
和合成
2.丰富背景知识
3.注意体裁特点
4.注意正确的阅读方法的使用
阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：
1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。
2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。
3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。
在使用阅读技巧时应做到一下几点：
1.带着问题阅读短文。
2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。
3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。
4.尽快选择答案。
5.坚持每天做3篇，而且要限时。(共17张PPT)
*
英语作文的华丽变身
Beautify your Composition
*
词汇使用的四原则
2、地道原则。
3、避免重复原则
4、后、高、长原则——后学到、较高级、较长词汇。
*
应用了较多的词汇
It’s very helpful.
It benefits a lot. / It is of great help.
Suddenly I came up with a good idea.
an increasing number of people
Your efforts will be very important.
Your efforts will make a great difference.
more and more people
Suddenly I had a good idea.
强调句
名词性从句
常用谚语
…
定语从句
倒装句
with复合结构
非谓语动词
被动句
高级句型
8
实战（1）
She can’t correctly pronounce the word.
She has trouble in pronouncing the word.
Suddenly I thought of a good idea.
A good idea occurred to me.
A good idea suddenly struck me.
9
实战（2）
他昨天下午来的
He came here yesterday afternoon.
He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon.
Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.
It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.
10
*
将陈述句改为感叹句
To prevent the pollution is very important．
She is a clever girl．
How important it is to prevent the pollution!
what a clever girl she is!
将陈述句改为倒装句
We can achieve success in this way.
It is so easy that even a child can do it.
So easy is it that even a child can do it.
Only in this way can we achieve success.
*
将简单句改为强调句
Smoking did great harm to his health.
How can we improve our English
It was smoking that did great harm to his health.
How is it that we can improve our English
*
合并为同位语从句
Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete. He won the
first prize in the 2004 Olympic Games.
The word is true. The actor will give us a speech.
Liu Xiang, an excellent athlete, won the first prize in
the 2004 Olympic Games.
The word that the actor will give us a speech is true.
*
合并为定语从句
The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing,
and its slogan was One World One Dream.
Yesterday we went to the East Gate, and we bought a lot of clothes.
The 2008 Olympic Games, whose slogan was
One World One Dream ,was held in Beijing.
Yesterday we went to the East Gate, where we bought a lot of clothes.
*
*
一：肯定不如双否好
二：陈述不如倒装妙
三：主动不如被动巧
四：分词结构不能少
四
不
如
誊写规范不要少
肯定不如双否好
The postman comes on time every day.
I have made great progress in English with his help.
The postman never fails to come on time.
I couldn’t have made great progress in
English without his help.
*
陈述不如倒装妙
He didn’t come here until 5 pm.
Travelling can not only relax us, but also broaden our horizons.
Not until 5 pm. did he come here.
It was not until 5 pm. that he came here.
Not only can travelling relax us, but also
broaden our horizons.
*
主动不如被动巧
We can borrow five books, and we can keep them
for a month.
The main problem now is how we can prevent this from happening again.
The main problem now is how this can be prevented
from happening again.
Five books can be borrowed and they can be kept for a month.
*
If weather permits, we will go hiking.
Weather permitting, we will go hiking.
Being a student, I’d like to know the discount.
分词结构不能少
*
一去（去连词）
二看（看主语）
三改（改分词）
分词结构
Because I am a student, I’d like to know the discount.
*
Thank You!
欢迎各位领导和同事对我工作提出更好的意见。
