牛津译林版(2020)选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Food matters Section B Grammar and usage （教案）

Unit 1 Food matters
Grammar and usage教学设计
科目：英语 课题：Grammar and usage 课时：1课时
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：理解并区分动词不定式作主语和表语的用法；
能力目标：掌握动词不定式作主语和表语的规则；
情感目标：区分和使用正确的不定式形式来完成改写句子和一篇杂志文章的任务。
教学重难点
教学重点：理解并区分动词不定式作主语和表语
教学难点：掌握动词不定式作主语和表语的规则，并灵活运用
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：教师让学生阅读第6页的博客，并完成下面的思维导图。
参考答案：(1) at a restaurant (2) enhance the relationship (3) recipes (4) detailed instructions (5) cheaper (6) healthier
学生活动：完成第6页的表格。
to-infinitives as subjects To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
to-infinitives as predicatives Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.
二、While-class
学生活动：在教师的引导下，总结动词不定式作主语和表语的规则。
动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（表示具体的情况）
注意：
很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。
To err is human.金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。
2.若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种：
(1) It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
(2) It+be+名词+ to do sth.
(3) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
(4) It made sb. + adj. + to do sth.
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。
It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木，百年树人。
It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam.
了解到我通过了考试，我感到很轻松。
动词不定式作表语
1.动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。
I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe.
我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我建议马上开始工作。
2.动词不定式作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项
1.动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。
It would make me very happy for her to win the election.
如果她赢得选举，我会很高兴。
It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.
只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。
注意：
在"It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth."句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说，知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman.
哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
2.动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.今 天 我很荣幸被邀请到这里来。（invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）
Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.
琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。（表示将来发生的被动动作）
三、After-reading
教师活动：指导学生完成第七页B1。
①The next dish to prepare by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
②To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable.
③Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
④We will put the potatoes in the pot first to cook them quickly.
⑤I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.
学生活动：完成第七页B2。
（1）Located（2）to see（3）to turn（4）to sit（5）painted（6）ranging（7）to invite（8）to be
(1) What are the to-infinitives used as in each sentence of this article
"to see"(a to-infinitive used as a subject);"to turn"(a to-infinitive used as a subject);"to invite"(a to-infinitive used as a subject)
"to sit"(a to-infinitive used as a predicative);
"to be"(a to-infinitive used as a subject complement)
(2) Where is Sky Buffet
It is located at the top of Tower 88 in the city centre.
(3) What makes eating there enjoyable
Its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal.
(4) How can you get the most wonderful views
You can sit by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours.
四、Summary
归纳总结动词不定式作主语和表语的用法。
五、作业布置：完成B3活动的写作。
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won't be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary
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