牛津译林版(2020)选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Food matters Section B Grammar and usage （学案）

Section B Grammar and usage
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。
知识运用
1. throw oneself into
意思：_________________
throw away扔掉；浪费（金钱等）；错过（机会等）
throw light on sth.（提供新资料）使某事更易理解
练习：我打算在余下的学年里全身心投入到学业当中。
I decide to ________________________ for the rest of the school year.
2. impress
词性：_________ 意思：________
impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻的印象
be impressed by/with. . . 被……打动，对……印象深刻
impress sth. on/upon one's memory 某人把某事铭记在心
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事（如果宾语过长，可调整为impress on/upon sb. sth.）
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的
impression n.印象，感想；影响
have/get a(n). . .impression of. . . 对……有……印象
make/leave a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象
give (sb.) the impression of/that. . . 给（某人）以……的印象
(be) under the impression that. . . 以为……；（通常指）误认为……
练习：Everyone has unforgettable moments in his life, which leave a deep impression _______ him.
语法解析
动词不定式作主语和表语
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
时态 语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
二、动词不定式作主语
1.动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（表示具体的情况）
注意：
很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。
To err is human.金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。
2.若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种：
(1) It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
(2) It+be+名词+ to do sth.
(3) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
(4) It made sb. + adj. + to do sth.
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。
It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木，百年树人。
It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam. 了解到我通过了考试，我感到很轻松。
三、动词不定式作表语
1.动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。
I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe.
我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我建议马上开始工作。
2.动词不定式作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
四、动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项
1.动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。
It would make me very happy for her to win the election.
如果她赢得选举，我会很高兴。
It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.
只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。
注意：
在"It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth."句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说，知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman.
哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
2.动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.今 天 我很荣幸被邀请到这里来。（invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）
Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.
琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。（表示将来发生的被动动作）
练习：
1. ___________ (see) is to believe. I won't believe it until I see it by myself.
2. As a student in senior high school, the most important task is___________ (study) hard, which determines your future.
3. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult ___________ (relax) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
4. His plan is ___________ (buy) a new computer for his son as a reward for his good behavior at school.
5. What squirrels can do is ___________ (store) all kinds of nuts before winter comes.
6. It took him a long time ___________ (recover) from a bad cold.
7. As an old saying goes, "It is not wise ___________ (judge)a book by its cover."
8. It's easy for you ___________ (attack) when you are in red in front of a bull(公牛).
9. If the injuries are severe burns, it is vital ___________ (get) the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
10. Having been lost in the mountains for three days, what the three visitors were able to do was ___________ (expect) the help of rescuers.
答案
知识运用
1. throw myself into my study completely 2. on
语法解析
1. To see 2. to study 3.to relax 4. to buy 5. (to) store 6. to recover 7. to judge 8. to be attacked 9. to get 10.(to) expect
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