2023年中考复习语法体系课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
语法体系的构建
Grammar
一、九大词性
1 名词 n. noun 人或事物
2 代词 pron. pronoun 代替名词、形容词或数词
3 数词 num. numeral 数量或顺序
4 动词 v. verb 动作或状态
5 形容词 adj. adjective 名词（人或物）的特征
6 副词 adv. adverb 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，
表示状态特征或行为
7 冠词 art. article 用在名词前，说明名词所指的人和物
8 介词 prep. preposition 用在名、代前，表示名词、代词等与其
它词的关系
9 连词 conj. conjunction 用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句
实词
虚词
词性 定义
Members of the sentence
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
同位语
谓动
二、八大成分
表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。
主语 Subject
I have a dream.
Swimming can make you healthy.
Seven is my lucky number.
谓语动词 Predicate Verb
说明主语的动作，状态或特征。由动词充当，一般位于主语之后。
I have a best friend.
We always look after each other.
动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或介词之后。
宾语 Object
I want an apple.
We often help him.
谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
表语 Predicative
The news was exciting.
What surprised me most is that he speak Chinese so well.
He is a teacher.
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。
定语 Attributive
They are women workers.
China is a great country.
修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分，状语有时间、地点、方式、原因、目的，条件，让步等。
状语 Adverbial
Although he is young, he knows a lot.
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
补语又叫宾语补足语，位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。
补语 Complement
I always find her happy.
I consider Jim a good friend.
在名词或代词之后，并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。
同位语 Appositive
She hasn’t made the decision whether she should give up.
This is my sister, Lisa.
写出划线部分的句子成分。
Oversleeping will never make your dreams come true.
The plane will take off soon.
Difficult times show us who our true friends are.
The way to be happy is to make others happy.
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
1分钟
三、简单句五大基本类型
1、主+谓 （S+V）
Nobody went.
Fish can swim.
2、主+谓+宾（S+V+O）
I love my country.
I believe myself .
3、主+系+表（S+V+P）
I am a teacher.
The story sounds interesting.
系动词有哪些呢？
1） be动词：am; is; are; was; were
2） 感官类: look; smell; taste; sound; feel
3） 变化类: turn; go; get; grow; become
4） 持续类: keep; stay; remain
5） 表象类：seem; appear; look
4、主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）
I'll write you a letter.
He showed me the photo.
5、主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+C）
I found the book easy.
The sad movie made me cry.
1.What is the sentence pattern of"I love English. "
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
2.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.”
A. “Susan” B. “walks to” C. “school” D. “every day”
Have a try!
A
B
四、两种句子分类方式
简单句
并列句：由并列连词连接连接两个或两个以上的简单句。
复合句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。
结构
陈述：说明事实或陈述看法。
疑问：一般、特殊、选择、反意。
祈使：请求建议命令。
感叹：说话人的情绪。
目的
(2018·武威) 1.I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A. who B. that C. what D. whose
(2021·武威) 2. —Could you tell me ________
—The day after tomorrow.
when we had the school leavers’ party
B. when did we have the school leavers’ party
C. when will we have the school leavers' party
D. when we will have the school
五、不正常语序
完全倒装（Complete Inversion）：主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
部分倒装（Partial Inversion ）：助动词、情态动词提到主语前。
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
六、构词法
合成：website; basketball; homework
派生：前后缀 agree-disagree
use-useful
转化：study-study;luck-lucky; late-late
Words Formation
Summary
Thanks for
your attention!