Unit 1 Relationships
Lesson 1 Teachers
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn some new words and expressions and past perfect.
能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点
教学重点：How to learn the new words and expressions and past perfect.
教学难点：Howto make students have a better understanding of the passage.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-reading
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：
Activate and share:
(1) Ask students to talk about the qualities that teachers need. Use the phrases below.
Ask for volunteers to share their ideas about what qualities teachers should have to the class.
(Suggested Answers:
Ithink teachers should understandtheir students. And I think thatteachers should explain things withpractical examples and in simple language.)
(2) 教师引导学生看标题和图片，教师提问：
Look at the titles and the pictures of the two texts
Can youguess the link between the two texts
(The two texts, one is written from the point of view of a student and one from a teacher)
While- reading
1. 学生活动：阅读文章，回答下列问题。
Read and Explore: Read the two texts and answer the questions.
1. Who wrote the texts
(The texts' writers are Graham Lawrence and Brian Jenkins. Graham was once Mr Jenkins' student.)
2. What are they mainly about
(They talk about the memories that they have of each other.)
3. Why were they written
(The texts were written because the student and the teacher remembered how they influenced each other.)
2. 学生活动：阅读文章，完成表格。
Read "My plete the information.
Before Graham went to Mr Jenkins' class ·Graham was not very good at most school subjects.·He's a bit lazy.·Science had been a subject full of strange words.·He didn't want to know what hydrogen was.·He found science boring and difficult.·He lacked confidence.
How Mr Jenkins taught ·Mr Jenkins made everything interesting.·He explained things with lots of practical examples and in simple language.·He took students outside, and they built a rocket!
After Graham became Mr Jenkins' student ·Mr Jenkins made Graham feel that he had his own strengthens.·He was interested in the study of the stars and planets.·He gave a presentation.
3. 学生活动：阅读文章，回答下列问题。
Read "My Student". Answer the questions.
(1) What was Mr Jenkins' impression of Graham before they met
(He was very difficult.)
(2) What is MR Jenkins' attitude towards students
(There's no such thing as a good or a bad student.)
(3) What are Mr Jenkins' beliefs in teaching
(The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.)
4. 学生活动：
Imagine you are the head teacher of Overton School.
Prepare a presentation to tell Graham's and Mr Jenkins' stories.
Use the diagram to help you.
Suggested Answers:
Graham Lawrence was not very good at most school subjects. He was a bit lazy. Science was a subject full of strange words to him. He didn't want to know what hydrogen was. He found science boring and difficult. He lacked confidence. When he was 15 and he went into Mr Jenkins' class, he really became interested in a subject for the first time. Mr Jenkins had heard stories about Graham's bad behaviour but he believed there was no such a thing as a good or a bad student and tried to make lessons interesting. He helped Graham realise that he had his own strengths.
三、After-reading
学生活动：Group work: Work in groups to discuss the questions.
1. Mr Jenkins said, "…it's important to understand that there's no such thing as a good or a bad student." How did he do Find evidence from the texts to support your opinion.
(He did well with Graham. Though he had known Graham was very difficult, he made everything interesting in his teaching to attract his attention by setting up experiments. He also explained difficult things with practical examples and in simple language.)
2. What made Graham a successful person Find evidence from the texts to supportyour opinion.
(Mr Jenkins helped Graham find his interest and strength, e.g. Mr Jenkins set up an experiment to attract his attention in the first class. He gave Graham chances to present his interest and boosted his confidence. Graham was bright.)
3. What made Mr Jenkins a good teacher Write down one or two of his qualities andgive your reasons.
(Mr Jenkins is patient and he understands students. He was good with difficult students like Graham and he knew how to help them by explaining things with practical examples and in simple language. He helped students feel confident. He is a good teacher because he cares about his students and wants them all to do well.)
四、Focus on language: Past perfect
Read the sentences. Which action happened before the other in each sentence
1. Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.
("Science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me" happened before "Before MrJenkins taught me".)
2. Graham was very difficult before he came into my class. I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.
("I had heard stories about his badbehaviour" happened before "Graham was very difficult before he came into myclass.")
3. I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress.
("I had chosen a job with a lot of stress" happened before"I knew".)
语法：过去完成时
过去完成时由“had done”构成，其用法如下：
1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。一般可通过表示“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句）或上下文的语境来判断。
When walking down the street, I came across David,whom Ihadn't seen for years.
我走在街上时，碰到了多年没见的大卫。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。
常用的时间状语有：before,by then,bythat time,by the end of,by the time等。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciatewhat they had done for me.
我花了很长时间才能完全理解他们为我所做的。
3.表示“愿望，打算”的动词（mean,plan,intend,expect等）用过去完成时，表示原本打算实现却未如愿。
I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had anunexpected visitor.
我昨天本来打算给你打电话的，但不料来了一位客人。
常使用过去完成时的句型：
1. This/That/It was the first/second/third…time that…
that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
This was the first time that they had met in thirty years.
这是他们三十年来第一次见面。
2.It was+一段时间+since从句
since 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
自我们曾度过一段如此美妙的时光以来，已经过去十年了。
3.用于表示“一……就……”的句型中：
Hardly had sb.done…when...did…;
No sooner had sb.done…than...did…
Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.
她一上床睡觉铃就响了。
No sooner had I sat down than there was a loud knock onthe door.
我一坐下来就有人大声敲门。
练习：
(1) A rescue worker risked his life savingtwo tourists who __________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
(2) It was Monday morning,and thewriting class had just __________ (begin).
(3) The detective fixed his sharp eyes upon the box,wonderingwhether he __________ (see) it somewhere before.
(4) The book which__________ (lose) was returned to the library.
(5) Silk__________ (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100BC.
(6) Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I __________ (leave) my book in the cafe.
(7) Writing out all the invitations by hand wasmore time-consuming than we __________ (expect).
Answers:
(1) had been trapped (2)begun (3)had seen(4) had been lost(5) had become (6)had left(7) had expected
四、Summary
重点词汇：lack, access, used to , setoff,catch sb. doing sth.
重点语法：过去完成时
五、Homework
Write a short passage to describe your teacher.
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Lesson 2 How do we like teachers' feedback
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：Students can learn some new words.
能力目标：Students can listen for general understanding and specific information.
情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.
教学重难点
教学重点：How to learn the new words.
教学难点：Howto improve students' listening skills.
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-listening
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动：
Activate and share:
Ask students to have a group work:
How do you feel when you receive teachers' feedback
Feedback means an opinion from someone about something that you have done or made.
Talk about your experiences and opinions. Use the phrases below to help you.
Ask for volunteers to share their ideas about teachers' feedback to the class.
(Suggested Answers:
When I was a junior secondary school student, I always got negative feedback from my physical teacher. It hurt my confidence badly.)
(2) 教师引导学生读题
Look at exercise 2 and skill builder, pay attention to the words and expressions to show speaker's attitude.
While- listening
1. 学生活动：
Listening for understanding:
Play the audio once and have students listen for general understanding. To achieve this, ask them to close their books while they listen. Ask students what they understood from the programme. Students complete the second column. Play the audio a second time and have students work on their own to complete the rest of thetable. Have students check their answers in pairs before checking as a class.
How the interviewee's teacher gives feedback Types of feedback Students' reactions/feelings
Student 1 ·usually points out our mistakes in front of the whole class Negative feel quite hurt lose confidence
Student 2 ·talks to us face to face·tells us exactly where our problems are and
how we can improve·gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don't understand PositiveDirect helpful
Student 3 ·gives very general comments such as “good,
excellent, well done"·doesn't point out my mistakes and give suggestions Indirect not enough
2. 学生活动：Group work
(1) Act out the interview in groups of four. Use the notes in Activity 2 to help you.
Divide the students into groups of four, each student chooses a role: Student 1, Student 2, Student 3, or the interviewer. Students can use the script in their books and they role-play the radio programme.
(2) How many types of feedback have you noted down Sort them into different categories, e.g. positive and negative. Think of more types of feedback if you can.
Students note down three types of feedback given and sort them into categories. Each group can add more types of feedback to their notes. Students share their answers with the class.
(Suggested Answers:
Positive and negative feedback
General and specific feedback
Direct and indirect feedback)
3. 学生活动：
Complete the summary with the words from the listening.
Matt Dickson interviewed three students about their feelings of English teachers'1 ______________. The first student thinks his teacher's feedback is negative and makeshim lose 2 ________________. But he understands her 3_______________. The second studentthinks the feedback from her teacher is more 4 _______________ even though it is more 5 _______________ for her teacher.She can raise 6________________ questions about anything she doesn't understand. The third student thinks his teacher often gives very general7 _____________. But he wants to know where his 8 ______________ and weaknesses are. He thinks feedback should be 9 _____________. For example, the teacher can 10 _______________ his mistakes and say things like "You need to work on the past 11 _________________.
(Answers:
1 feedback 2 confidence 3 intention 4 effective 5 demanding
6 further 7 comments 8 strengths 9 specific 10 highlight 11 tenses)
4. 学生活动：
Listen to the conversation between two professors about giving teachers' feedback to students. Find out their opinions and reasons.
Preview the focus of this part by telling students this sentence: "I found it very interesting." Ask students to tell you whether this is an opinion or a reason(opinion). Then say,"It gave a goodinsight into students' feelings."andelicit that this sentence is a reason.
Tellstudents that they will be practicing identifying opinions and reasons forthose opinions.
Play the audio again and give studentstime to complete the chart.
Invite volunteers to share answers withthe class.
Opinions Reasons
Professor Smith Try to give feedback in a less direct manner. Understand some students' feelings about direct feedback.Negative feedback might hurt students' confidence and interest in learning.
Professor Jones It is best to point out students' problem directly. Students need to get used to tough comments when they don't do good work.
5. 学生活动：
Listen and plete the Talk Builder.
Exchanging Opinions
1 _____________ it is best to point out students' problems directly.
2 Also, __________________ they should realise that any feedback isn't personal.
3 ____________________ you about that, but to be more helpful…
4 _____________________. Perhaps I should try that.
(Answers:
1 I believe 2 I think 3 I can agree with 4 I see your point)
三、After-listening
学生活动：Group work:
Choose three teachers who teach different subjects. Tell them what you liked about the feedback you have received from them in the past, and how you would like to receive their feedback in the future.
Put students in small groups to discuss the questions and make sure they give their opinionsand also reasons for their opinions. Invite a representative from each group to present their opinions and reasons and put any interesting information that hasn't been confirmed from the lesson on the board.
四、Summary
重点词汇：preference, upset, ashamed
五、Homework
Write a short passage to describe your experiences and feelings about your teachers' feedback.
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Lesson 3 So Close, Yet So Far
教材分析
本节课是北师大选择性必修二Unit 1 Lesson 3 Relationships 第一课时，课型是阅读课。是一篇博客，讨论了Mark 自己沉迷于表面上很活跃的社交网络，但内心却很孤独，现代社会中又离不开社交网络。
教学目标
在本课结束时，学生能够：
提取阅读文本中结构，了解Mark在网络世界中，内心孤独的原因等信息；
利用阅读策略整合阅读文本中的信息，做到读前预测 读中细节信
息----读后总结概述 读后给出建议；
通过小组合作讨论给Mark如何正确对待社交网络的建议；4.书面表达Howto besmartphone users 批判性思考。
教学重难点
如何提取阅读文本中的信息；
理解并掌握阅读策略；
提取并角色扮演给Mark如何正确使用手机、有意义人际关系的建议。
学情分析
本节课的授课对象是高二学生，词汇量有所增加，在文章理解能
力上有所提升，对于较长文章的信息抓取能力有一点欠缺，因此分层教学、由浅入深，由易入难逐步深化的教学模式可以激发学生的学习兴趣，减少学生对长篇阅读文章的畏难心理，并能培养学生的自学能力。
教学目标与核心素养
1.语言能力目标
单元话题是Relationship理解并获取阅读文本中提到的Mark的个性以及每天的日常生活，社交网络对自己和朋友产生的影响，以及不能放下社交网络的原因，从而如何处理现实生活中的人际关系；
利用阅读策略整合阅读文本中的信息，能做到读前预测 读中
细节信息 读后总结概述并提出建议；
通过小组合作讨论如何解决Mark的困扰，表达自己对如何处理现实生活中人际关系的想法；
书面表达出自己对Howtobe smartphoneusers批判性思考。2.文化意识目标
多角度辩证地看待社交网络对于人际关系的影响，积极思考并深刻理解科技对人际关系的影响，对于信息社会如何正确应对。
思维品质目标
通过梳理文本及分层教学，找出并总结归纳社交网络对日常生活以及人际关系影响用语英文表达。
掌握阅读不同的策略：1.通过“预测”判断Mark的性格；2.通过细节信息了解阅读文本的细节信息和主旨大意；3.把握主旨大意概
括文本信息；
学习能力目标
通过文本的阅读和讨论，用思辨方式学习阅读文本内容，掌握英文表达的多样性。
通过借助角色扮演，激励学生用所学的内容进行英语的多元化表达。
教学方法
Task-based, discussing approach and discovery 2.Cooperative learning and group learning 3.Communicativeapproach
教学用具
1.The multi-media 2. The blackboard
教学过程：
教学目标 教学活动与步骤 设计意图 时间
1.引出课题 Step1Greetings.The teacher shows a survey to lead in the topic.Survey: The teacher asks Ss questions,Do you like usingphones What do you use itfor How long do you usephones 通过学生熟悉的、广泛使用的手机以及用途引入主题，激活背景知识，激 4min
in summer vacation (4) How do you feel when using phones Students come to thinkaboutthose questions and then share their opinions to the wholeclass. 发兴趣。铺垫语言。
2.Before-reading: predict what kind of person Markis Step 2Mark, who is a university student , lives in the dormitory. He has 500 friends online and great roommates, his phone is never out of his touching distance.He never stops socialising with his friends online. Can you predict what kind of person Mark is？Check their predictions. 利用阅读策略预测Mark的人物性格。 5min
3.Reading and discovering提取阅读文本信息，填空Mark网上生活和线下的 Step 31.Ss scan para 3 to check their prediction. Complete theblanks:(1) Mark is way beyonda or person，but I’m 帮助学生获取相关的关键词信息，并推断Mark 6min
生活。 every day.On the surface, I havean social life, butI’malways .In reality, my mind is always amillion away. 网络上性格和现实性格的对比。
4.While-reading What are Mark’s routine activities Step 4Read para 4 then do a comparison:Set deadline: will start…, aim to finish…In reality: scroll through…, download…, desperate to get back to online world.He just does nothing but play with his phone all night, if you were Mark ,how would you feel ( depressed, dissatisfied, andlonely) 通过比较信息，对Mark 日常生活信息进行有效整合，学生自己推导下文的内容达到对所学知识结构化的目的。 5min
5.While-reading Step 5Why does he feel depressed, dissatisfied and lonely Pay attention to some verb phrases.Keep delaying… connect with friends and families…, end up having nothing to say when they meet. 探索困扰Mark的原因，让学生产生共情，体会自己在网络世界是否遇到同样的问题。 4min
6.While-reading What social netwoking has done to Mark and his friends Step 6Show them a short video. According to the video, ask Ss what were people doing when having dinner together (They just concentrated on their phones, instead of talking with eachother.)People ignore the right ones infront of us. 通过视频，再次激发学生思考，现实生活见面时，社交网络给人际关系造成的影响。 4min
7.Post-readingCan Mark drop Step 7In today’s modern world, young 批判性思考现代社 3min
social networking people have been brought up with social networking that we can’t live without. But it leads to a loss of friendships or meaningful relationships, find some reasons for Markcan’tdrop his social networking. 会，手机对人际关系影响的原因。利用本课所学关键
信息进行
书面表
达。
8.How do you understand the title Step 8Let’s go back to further understand the title, what do “close” and “far” mean Close: social networking is convenient and brings peopleclose, far: we are metallyapartfrom each other. 批判性思考现代社会，手机对人际关系影响的原因。 2min
9.Role-playGive Mark some advice on how smartly use his Step 9Ask Ss to work in groups, one acts as Mark, the other gives some advice on how to smartly 批判性思考并给Mark建议如何正确 7min
phone. use our phone, and how can we fully enjoy real relationship between people. 对待社交网络，如何增进现实生活的人际关系。
10. Interaction Step 10Let all Ss stand up and give each other a big hug or a firm handshake. Let’s enjoy face-to- face contact in real life.Summary 互动游戏（沉浸式课堂）让学生感同身受地体验面对面沟通交流重要性。 2min
Homework Write a short passage on How to be smart phone users. 利用本课所学关键信息进行书面表达。 1min
板书设计：
Unit 1 Relationships Lesson 3 So Close, Yet So Far
not shy, lives a seemingly active life doesn’t do as planned
lonely, depressed, dissatisfied have nothing to talk
face to face contact
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12Unit 1 Relationships
教学目标
教学目标：文本一了解同伴压力的原因、影响和危害；获取如何避免同伴压力的方法；推断作者对同伴压力的观点态度，并发表自己的观点。文本二了解内向和外向人格的特点、常见表现及适合的职业；了解不同文化对人们性格的影响，并简单分析其原因。教学重点：引导学生阅读文本，并通过问答题对文章的内容进行梳理。教学难点：推断作者的观点态度；针对课文相关话题，用英语表达自己的观点。
教学过程
时间 教学环节 主要师生活动
Text 1: Peer Pressure
2’ Warm up Ask Ss what they know of pressure, especially peer pressure
4’ General Understanding Ask Ss to summarize the main ideas of each paragraph.Ask Ss questions:What is peer pressure Why does it happen How does peer pressure affect people Can peer pressure lead to bullying What can students do to avoid peer pressure
4’ Critical Thinking Ask Ss questions:What is the writer's attitude towards peer pressure How do you know What is your opinion What might be the challenges Is peer pressure always negative
Text 2: Extroverts and Introverts
2’ Warm up Ask Ss what they know of personality, especially introverts and extroverts.
4’ General Understanding Ask Ss to summarize the main ideas of each paragraph, and show them a mind map. Ask Ss about the characteristics and typical jobs of introverts and extroverts. Ask Ss to do some True or False questions.
4’ Critical Thinking Ask Ss questions:Do you agree with the writer's opinion that attitudes towards introverts and extroverts vary in different cultures Why What might be the reasons that people who live on islands tend to be more introverted
1’ Summary Make a summary and assign homework.
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1．humour n．幽默感→humorous adj．幽默的
2．passionate adj．热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的→passion n．酷爱
3．incredible adj．难以置信的；极好的→incredibly adv．难以置信地；极端地
4．occasionallyadv.偶尔；偶然→occasionaladj.偶然的；临时的→occasionn．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
5．emotional adj．情感上的；情绪上的→emotionn．情感→emotionally adv．感情上; 情绪上; 令人激动地; 情绪冲动地
6．extremely adv．极度，极其→extreme adj．极端的；极度的；偏激的n．极端；极度；极限
7．practical adj．实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practice n．实践v．练习→practise v．练习
8．presentation n．报告；陈述，说明→present n．目前；礼物adj．出席；在场；当前的vt．提出；把…交给；颁发；授予；(以某种方式)展现
9．behaviour 行为，举止→behave vi．表现；举止端正vt．使守规矩
10．access n．进入；接触的机会；通道→accessible adj．可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
11．worthwhile adj．值得做的；重要的；有益的→worth n．价值adj．值得的；有…价值
12．educationalist n．教育（学）家→[同义词] educationist n．教育家→education n．教育→ educate v．教育
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词▲高频词
1.add up to
【用法归纳】add up to意为“总共是，总计为”，不用于被动语态。同义短语：amount to。
The cost of two trips added up to1,000 dollars.两次旅行的费用总计为1000美元。
【拓展】add构成的其他短语：
addto 使(数量)增加，使(规模)扩大
add…to… 把……加到……
add up 把……加起来；积少成多
The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
If you want to make the dish hotter, you can add some chillies to it. 你如果想让这道菜更辣一些,可以加些辣椒。
Add up all the numbers and you will know the result.你把所有的数加起来就会知道结果了。
【练习】用add的相关短语完成句子
①(浙江语法填空改编) The obvious one ismoney; eating out once or twice a weekmay be affordable but doing this most daysadds up.
②(天津高考单项填空改编)Thedictionary is out of date: many wordshave beenadded tothe language since it was published.
③As far as I know, his incomeadds up to15 thousand pounds this year.
[高频短语]2. used to do sth.
【用法归纳】used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。
When we were little we used to go skating every winter我们小的时候，每年冬天都去滑冰。
【拓展】易混搭配积累：
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事(use sth. to do sth.的被动形式)
be used to(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(to为介词，be也可换成get)
[语境串记]I used to play football in the playground, but now I am used to reading in the libraryand the knowledge I get can be used to arm myself.我过去常常在操场上踢足球,但现在我习惯在图书馆里看书,获取的知识可以用来武装自己。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①Jim will go on a trip to Sichuan, wherehis parents used tolive(live).
②In the West, the treatment is often usedto relieve(relieve) headaches, dentalpain and back pain.
③(2020·广东江门期中) He used togetup late, but now has got used togettingup early since he enteredhigh school.(get)
2.完成句子
①Heused to watch TV(过去常常看电视), but now heis used to taking a walk (习惯于去散步) after supper.
②Dogs have a very good sense of smell andare often used to search for(经常被用来搜寻) survivors in an earthquake.
★3. pour
【用法归纳】
(1)vt.倾倒，倒出；vt.&vi. 倒，斟(饮料)
pour sth.into... 把某物倒进……
pour sth. for sb.= pour sb.sth. 给某人倒某物
pour cold water on/over... 对……泼冷水
Pour the sauce over the pasta. 把酱汁浇在面食上。
Pour the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
把蜂蜜倒进碗里并把它和其他原料充分混合。
Would you like me to pour a cup of tea for you (= Would you like me to pour you acup of tea )我给你倒杯茶好吗
Her parents poured cold water on her plan to move into her own apartment.
她父母对她搬入自己的公寓这个计划泼了冷水。
(2)vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
The rain continued to pour down.大雨哗哗地下个不停。
By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.当这群人起身离开时。外面正下着倾盆大雨。
(3)vi.不断涌向/涌现(=flood)；涌流
pour into... 涌进……
pour out(of...) (从……)涌出
pour out sth. 毫无保留地表达感情(或思想等)
Thousands of people poured into the stadium to watch the football match.数千人涌进体育场观看这场足球比赛。
People poured out of the building when they heard the fire alarm.人们听到火警时，都从大楼跑了出来。
She poured out her feelings of loneliness to Laura.她向劳拉倾诉了自己的孤独感。
【练习】
1.语法填空
All the passengers were pouring ①outof the train but it was raining cats anddogs outside. Seeing so many people pour②into the waiting hall, I felt it really poured cold water ③on/overmy plan to attend my teacher’sbirthday partyon time.
2.完成句子
①就在我们到达那个小村庄约十分钟后，天开始下起倾盆大雨。
It was about ten minutes after we arrivedat the small village that it began topour(down).
②她向她最好的朋友倾诉了所有的烦恼后，她感觉轻松了。
After shepoured outall hertroubles to her best friend she felt relaxed.
[高频短语]4. set off
【用法归纳】
set off 使（炸弹等）爆炸 People tend to set off fireworks during festivals, which may cause serious pollution.人们往往在节日期间放烟火，这可能造成严重的污染。
使（警报）响起 Opening this door will set off the alarm.一开这道门，警铃就会响。
出发，启程（+for+地点） We ought to set off for the airport at7:00, while the roads are empty.我们应该7点出发去机场，趁那时路上没什么车。
引发，激起 A letter from home set off his feelings of homesickness.一封家书唤起了他的思乡之情。
【拓展】set构成的其他短语
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样 set aside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁
set out动身，启程(+for+地点)；开始工作(+ to do sth.) be set in以……为背景
set up设置，设立；建立，开办 set about (doing) sth.着手做，开始做某事
set down写下，记下(= write down)
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空节选)Thenext morning he hired(租) a boat and set outto find(find) the well-known painter.
②If you want to catch the first bus, you’dbetter setoff/outfor the bus stationimmediately.
③Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set aboutpreparing(prepare) your business plan.
④For all three years I have been working forothers. I’m hoping I’ll setupmy own business someday.
★▲5. lack
【用法归纳】
(1)vt.缺乏，没有(不用于被动语态)
Despite the fact that they lacked food, the explorers continued toward the goal.
尽管缺乏食物，但探险者们继续向目标行进。
(2)n. [U,sing.]缺乏，匮乏，短缺
(a) lack of 缺乏
Despite his lack of experience, he got the job. 尽管缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。
There is no lack of beauty in life but lack of the eyes to discover it.生活中并不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。
【拓展】相关词语积累
lacking adj.(不用于名词前)缺乏，不足
be lacking in... 缺乏……
She felt nervous, increasingly lacking in confidence about herself. 她感到紧张，对自己越来越缺乏信心。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2020·江苏完形填空改编) Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②Proper weight alone doesn’t show whether your diet is lacking in vitamins or minerals.
2.完成句子
①(2020·江西南昌期中) Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise (缺乏运动).
②They gave up carrying out the plan for lack of money (因为缺乏资金).
★▲6. behaviour
【用法归纳】behaviour n.[U]行为，举止。也可写作 behavior。
good/ bad behaviour良好/恶劣行为
It is necessaryto reward children for their good behaviour.对孩子们的良好行为给予奖励是有必要的。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
behave vi.表现；vt.&vi.表现得体，有礼貌 behave well/badly举止得体/表现很差
behave oneself守规矩，行为检点
well-behavedadj.表现好的badly-behaved adj.表现差的
[语境串记]Everyone here behaves themselves and tourists are deeply impressed with their elegant behaviour.
这儿的每个人都表现得很有礼貌，游客对他们优雅的行为印象深刻。
【练习】完成句子
①The school has a system of reward and punishment to encourage good behaviour (鼓励良好的行为).
②He was scolded(训斥)for his rude behaviour at the dinner (他在晚餐上的粗鲁行为).
③He told his pupils to behave themselves (守规矩) and not to chat while listening to a lecture.
7. catch sb. doing sth.
【用法归纳】catch sb. doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“当场发现(或发觉)某人正在做某事”。
When the teacher called out my name, I was caught napping.老师点我名字的时候发现我在打瞌睡。
Gemma turned around and caught the stranger looking at her. 杰玛转过身来，发现那个陌生人正盯着她看。
【拓展】catch构成的其他短语
catch hold of抓住 catch up (with sb.) 赶上(某人)
get/be caught in被卷入，陷入 catch sight of 察觉，瞥见
【练习】
1.用 catch的相关短语完成句子
①After missing a term through illness he had to work to catch up with others.
② If you catch sight of Amy, ask her to come and see me as soon as possible.
③I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit was ruined.
2.单句写作：那个警察发现一个人正把手伸进一位乘客的口袋里。
The policeman caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger .
★▲8. access
【用法归纳】
(1)n. [U](使用或见到的)机会，权利
have/get/gain access to… 拥有……的机会；可以接近/进入……(为介词)
give(sb.) access to… 准许(某人)使用或见到……(to为介词)
Students must have access to good resources.学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.全世界有11亿人喝不到干净的饮用水。
(2) n. [U]通道，通路，入径
access to+n.(to为介词) 通往……的路
We gained access to the house through the window.我们从窗户钻进了那所房子。
The only access to that village is across the farmland.去那个村庄的唯一的路是穿过农田。
【拓展】相关词语积累：
accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的(通常作表语)
be accessible to sb. 能被某人接近或使用的
Each floor has wheelchair accessible toilets. 每层都设有无障碍卫生间。
【练习】语法填空
1.(2020·天津5月阅读理解改编) It willprovide you with accesstoUniversity facilities such as UniversityLibraries, the Sports Centre, andComputing Services.
2. Satellites make television accessible(access) to people who live far awayfrom cities.
★9.worthwhile adj.重要的，值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)(可作表语、定语或补语)
【用法归纳】
It’s worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.做某事是值得的。
She considers teaching a worthwhile career. 她认为教学是一项高尚的事业。(作定语)
Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is worthwhile going/ to go there. 杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。(作表语)
We were very tired when we got to the top of the mountain, but the beautiful sunrise made it all worthwhile.
当我们到达山顶时，我们非常累，但美丽的日出使得这一切都非常值得。(作补语)
【辨析】worthwhile/ worthy/ worth
易混词 用法 常见搭配
worthwhile 表示“值得花时间(或花钱努力等)，值得的”，可作表语、定语或补语。 It’s worthwhile to do sth. /doing sth
worthy 表示“值得尊敬的，值得敬仰的”时常作定语；表示“值得(或应得)……的”时常作表语。 of being done.Sb./Sth. is worthy + to be done. of + n.
worth 一般用作表语，其前可用well修饰，不能用very修饰。 n.Sb./Sth. is worth + doing. (v-ing用主动形式表示被动意义)
【练习】语法填空
①Though the series of books is a bit dear, it is worthwhileto buy/ buying(buy)it.
②Everything worthdoingis worthy ofbeing donewell. (do) [任何值得做的事情都值得做好]
[高频短语]10.break down
【用法归纳】
(1)(机器或车辆)出故障；(身体)垮掉
On my way to the station my car broke down.去火车站的路上,我的车坏了。
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。
(2)(谈判等)失败
Talks between the two sides have broke down.双方的谈判失败了。
(3)使分解(为)，使变化(成)
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
(4)打破，消除(尤指某种感情或态度)
Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them.
把年轻人聚集起来可以帮助他们消除彼此之间的隔阂。
【拓展】break构成的其他短语
break through突破，冲破 break off中断；折断；突然终止
break out(火灾、战争等)爆发 break in打断；破门而入
break up破碎；解散；结束(关系等) break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)
【练习】用 break的相关短语完成句子
①(2020·天津5月单项填空改编)—Themachine is working again!
—Yes, itbroke downyesterday, but it has been fixed.
②How the big forest fire hasbroken outremains to be a mystery.
③My house wasbroken intoyesterday. Fortunately, nothing wasstolen.
④(2020·广东汕头检测) If Tim carries onworking like this, his health willbreak downsooner or later.
⑤While I was explaining my point of view, hebroke into argue with me.
重点句型分析
1. I had no idea what hydrogen was, and I didn’t really want to know,either!
我不知道氢是什么，而且也一点都不想知道!
【句式剖析】本句为and连接的并列句，第一个分句中what引导同位语从句。
【考点提炼】同位语从句
同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中起同位语的作用，常位于fact,doubt,hope,wish,idea, promise, opinion, suggestion,truth, conclusion等名词后面，对该名词的具体内容做进一步的说明。
引导同位语从句的连词主要有三类：
(1)连接词that只起连接作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。连接词 whether含有“是否”的意思，whether引导同位语从句时不可以用if来替换。
There is no doubt that the protection of folk music is of great significance.毫无疑问，保护民间音乐意义非常重大。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will join us.他还未决定是否加入我们。
(2)连接代词what,who, which等，引导同位语从句时保留自己的疑问含义，起连接作用，且在从句中充当成分。
The question who should be in charge of the key project has been unanswered.
由谁负责那项重点工程的问题还没有答案。
(3)连接副词when, where,how,why等，在从句中作状语。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他将什么时候回来。
【注意】在 suggestion, order, request等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后面的同位语从句中，其谓语要用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中 should可以省略。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we(should) have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
经理建议我们找一个助手。有太多的工作要做了。
【练习】
1.语法填空
①(2019·江苏单项填空改编)Scientists have obtained more evidencethatplastic is finding its way intothe human body.
②—Is it true that Mike refused an offerfrom Yale University yesterday
—Yeah, but I have no ideawhyhe did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.
③The question whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
④I have no idea how he went home yesterday, perhaps by bike.
⑤We should consider the students’ request that the school library (should) provide (provide)more books on science.
2.完成句子
The thoughtthat the kids might lost their way(孩子们可能会迷路) made the mother worried.
2. Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion!
有时我想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了!
【考点提炼】if only的用法
if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子多用虚拟语气。具体用法如下：
表示现在没有实现的愿望→谓语用“一般过去时(be动词通常用were)”；
表示过去没有实现的愿望→谓语用“had+过去分词”形式。
If only she had asked someone else’ s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了!
If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了。
If only I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky! 但愿我是只鸟，能在天空中自由地飞翔!。
【注意】only if意为“只有”，引导条件状语从句，only表示强调；当 only if位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
You can make progress only if you are modest. 唯虚心方能进步。
Only if a teacher has given permission can a student enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入这个房间。
【练习】完成句子
1.—Johnson, come and look at the sea! It’s beautiful, isn’t it
—Absolutely! If only I lived by the sea (要是我住在海边就好了).
2. You can stay healthy only if you take an active part in physical activity (你只有积极参加体育活动).
3. The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored, but as soon as I set up an experiment to show how the human stomach works using acid and an onion, he gave me his full attention.
他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副厌倦的样子。但当我用酸和洋葱做实验来展示人类的胃如何运转时，他全神贯注。
【考点提炼】as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”
As soon as I hear my alarm clock, I will jump out of my bed.一听到闹钟响，我就会跳下床。
【归纳拓展】
“一……就……”的其他表达法：
hardly/ scarcely... when...; no sooner...than...
immediately/ directly/ instantly/once + 句子
the moment/ the instant/the minute + 句子
on/upon +n./v-ing
The moment/The instant/The minute/ As soon as I get the money, I’ll send the ticket. 我一收到钱就会把票寄出。
Upon arrival/arriving, she will phone you.她一到就会给你打电话。
【注意】特别提醒
(1) the moment, the instant等名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句时，不能再和when连用。
(2)在“ hardly/ scarcely...when...”和“no sooner...than...”句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。当 hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus left.我一到公交车站，车就开走了。
【练习】一句多译(每空一词)
一听到那个令人兴奋的消息，她就高兴地跳了起来。
1. She jumped with joy___________she heard the exciting news.
2. ___________ ___________she heard the exciting news, she jumped with joy.
3.___________ ___________the exciting news, she jumped with joy.
4.___________ ___________ ___________she heard the exciting news, she jumped with joy.
5.___________ ___________ ___________heard the exciting news when she jumped with joy.
6.___________ ___________ ___________ ___________heard the exciting news than she jumped with joy.
1.Immediately/instantly/directly/once2. The moment/instant/minute
3. Upon/On hearing4. As soon as5. Hardly/Scarcely had she
语法
过去完成时
【挖教材·语法示例】用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子，并体会它们的语法特征。
1. Before Mr Jenkins taught me, sciencehadsimplybeen(be) a subject full of strange words to me.
2.I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into myclass. Ihad heard(hear)stories about his bad behaviour.
3. I knew Ihad chosen(choose) a job with a lot of stress but I lovewhat I do.
语法精讲
过去完成时的定义
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，即发生在“过去的过去”的动作或状态。
【知识点1】过去完成时的构成
过去完成时的构成：had done
过去完成时的被动式： had been done
She had learned Chinese before she came to China. 她来中国前已经学过中文了。
I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.
我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。
In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn’t been invented yet.
20世纪50年代，在美国大多数家庭里只有一部电话，那时无线电话还没有被发明。(北京高考)
How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended 地震结束时有多少建筑物被推毁了
【知识点2】过去完成时的用法
1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作。
The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.
为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。(2020·天津)
A few months after he had arrived in China. Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.
史密斯先生在来到中国几个月之后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。(2019·江苏)
By nine o’clock last night, we had finishedmost of the work. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。
She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to junior middle school.
在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。
2.表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时刻，而且到那时还未结束，仍有延续下去的可能。
By Tuesday, he still hadn’t finished the paper. 到星期二，他还没有写完论文。
I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在公共汽车站等了30分钟，终于来了一辆公共汽车。
3.want, hope, mean, plan, intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为
“本来……”
We had intended to come and see you.我们本来打算来看你的。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。
4.常用过去完成时的固定句型：
(1)在“hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain .= No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2) It was the first/ second/… time+(that)从句. (从句用过去完成时)
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
【知识点3】过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
They had arrived at the station by ten o’clock yesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten o’clock yesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。
2.在没有明确的时间状语时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had beentrapped in the mountains for two days.
一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两个被困在山里两天的游客。(2018·北京)
【注意】特别提醒
如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含 before和 after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
Jane went out to the park after she had read/ read the paper. 简读完了报纸就外出去公园了。
【知识点4】过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语，而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。
She had been ill for a week before she came back.在回来之前，她病了一周了。
She has been ill for a week.她已经病了一周了。
【语法练习】单句语法填空
1．Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I hadleft (leave) my book in the cafe.
2．In order to prevent the fire spreading, some of the houses nearby hadbeenpulled (pull)downbefore the firemen arrived.
3．He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he hadhad (have)it for a very long time.
4．— How long had they known ( know)each other before they got (get)married
— For about a year.
5．When Jack arrived he learned Mary hadbeen (be) awayfor almost an hour.
6．He hadhoped (hope)to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.
7．We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody hadbroken (break)into the office during the night.
8．Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they hadreceived (receive) from China.
9．His carelessness cost him nearly all the money he hadsaved(save)．
10．Li Ming went to London last year, which was the first time that he hadtravelled(travel)abroad.
11．She hadleft (leave)her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came (come)home.
巩固练习
A 基础练｜知识巩固｜建议时间：15mins
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
1. When someone pours tea for you, lightly knock yourtwo fingers on the table and say“thank you”.
2.Lack (缺乏) of sleep may cause anger and poormemory.
3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编) Data about the moon’scomposition, such as how much ice and other treasures itcontains, could help China decide whether its plans for afuture lunar(月球的) base arepractical (切实可行的).
4. Tourists should keep in mind that they are representing theirmotherland while abroad, so they need to be cautious abouttheir behaviour (行为).
5.(2020·江苏盐城模考) For students, preparing for gaokaois a difficult but worthwhile (值得的) challenge that willshape their future.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Marry used to eat (eat)out every day, but now sheis used to cooking (cook)at home.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷短文改错改编) After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.
3. The Chinese people traditionally set off firecrackersduring the Spring Festival, in the belief that this helps scareoff the monster named Nian and brings good fortune.
4. The soldier said it was worthwhile giving/to give (give) up hisrest time to save more people caught in the earthquake.
5. Anyone caught throwing (throw)waste paper on theground will be punished.
6. A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting (visit).
7. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.
8. News reports say peace talks between the two countries havebroken down with no agreement reached.
9. Considerable evidence has been found over the years that lack of exercise is connected with increased risk of cancer.
10. Ms Wu hasn’t fully recovered, has she If only she had followed (follow) the doctor’s advice!
三、完成句子
1. 当首次见到某人时，我们中很多人会根据他或她的行为和行动来判断其个性或兴趣。
When meeting someone for the first time ，many of us make quick judgments about his or her personality or interests based on how he or she acts.
2. 我们是一个大家庭，所以春节要买很多东西。通常，账单总计可达5000元。
We are a large family so there are lots of things to buy for the Spring Festival. Usually,the bill can add up to 5,000 yuan (add).
3. 一到岛上，他们就迫不及待地要去探索这个未知的世界。
As soon as they arrived on the island ，they couldn’t wait to explore the unknown world. (as soon as)
4.(2020·江苏南京师大附中开学考)只有双方都接受这个协议，该地区才能实现长久的和平。
Only if both sides accept the agreement can a lasting peace be established in this region .(establish)
5.由于准备不足，我面试失败了。要是再给我一次机会就好了!
I failed the interview for lack of preparation.If only I had another chance !(if only)
B 语法练｜专项突破｜建议时间：20 mins
一、用括号内词的适当形式填空
1.(天津高考单项填空改编) She asked me whether I had returned (return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
2. Researchers were puzzled over the results, which werecompletely opposite to what they had expected (expect).
3.(安徽高考单项填空改编) Just as i got to the school gate, I realized I had left (leave) my book in the cafe.
4.(北京高考单项填空改编)—Did you enjoy the party
—Yes. We were treated (treat)well by our hosts.
5. It was the first time that a serious problem had arisen (arise) in their project, so they had to consult Professor Yang.
6. Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machinewhich she had repaired (repair) went wrong again.
7. By the time I got to school, the first playhad been (be) on for nearly half an hour.
8.(2020·天津完形填空改编) Jones got the idea after he talked/had talked (talk) with an elderly lady who had been cheated (cheat) of her money.
9. John had planned (plan)to make a compromise, but somehowhe changed his mind at the last minute.
10.I asked (ask)you not to move my dictionary thismorning—now I can’t find it.
二、完成句子
1.他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。
He kept looking at her, wondering whether he has seen her somewhere before. (see)
2.截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。
By nine o’clock last night，we had received more than 200 letters from the audience. (receive)
3.他们本来打算在10点之前到达北京，但是火车晚点了。
They had intended to arrive in Beijing before 10 o’clock ，but the train was late. (intend)
4.她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
No sooner had she stepped on the stage than the audiencebroke into thunderous applause. (step)
5.这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。
It was the first time that I had taken part in an English speech contest .(take)
6.他一进入办公室，就意识到他忘记把报告带过来了。
Hardly had he entered the office when he realized thathe had forgotten to bring his report.(hardly... when)
7.他正在读一本书，这书的作者他从未听说过。
He was reading a book whose writer he had never heard of .(hear)
8.在加入她的班级之前，我一直不相信自己的写作能力。
Until I joined her class, I hadn’t believed in my ability as a writer .(believe)
三、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was getting dark when I (1)_____________(get)home. It was cold and I was wearing a coat. I walked up to the door and (2)____________(put) my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but couldn’tfind (3)__________. I suddenly remembered that I (4)___________ (leave) it onmy desk in the office. It really didn’t make any difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must (5)___________( come) back from school by then, so I (6)____________(knock)at the door. There was no answer. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something mycolleague (7)____________( tell)me at noon. He said that my wife (8)___________(phone) to say that she (9)___________( go)shopping in the afternoonwith the children. It seemed (10)___________ nothing could be done and Iwould be shut out of my house.
1.got 2.put 3.it 4.had left 5.have come 6.knocked 7.had told 8.had phoned 9.would go 10.that
C｜综合练｜能力提升｜建议时间：7mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Graham wasn’t very good at most school subjects atschool. He was a bit lazy, (1)_______________(especial) in maths. Science was a subject full of strange words to him. He (2)_______________(find) it all so boring and difficult. He had no idea (3)_______________hydrogen was, and he didn’t really want to know, either!
But he changed after he met Mr Jenkins. Mr Jenkins madeeverything (4)_______________( interest). He used to explain things whichseemed difficult with practical (5)_______________(example) and in simplelanguage. Graham got interested. He loved science and didwell in science! Now Graham has turned into a successful adultand Mr Jenkins has read a couple of (6)_______________ (he)books andseen him on TV.
According to Mr Jenkins, there’s no such thing as a goodor a bad student. Everyone is good at something and it’simportant (7)_______________(find)out what that is for each student. Teachers should spend more time (8)_______________( make) friends withstudents so as to understand them and find a path to success, both at school and in later life, for every student. The thing about being (9)_______________teacher is that you have access (0)_______________children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. As John Dewey, the famous educationalist, said, “Education is not preparation for life；education is life itself.”
1. especially 2.found 3.what 4.interesting 5.examples 6.his 7.to find 8.making 9.a 10.to
PAGEUnit 1 Relationships
Writing Workshop
教学目标与核心素养：
知识目标：让学生理解如何写邀请信。
能力目标：掌握邀请信的写作方法，完成邀请信的写作和展示。
情感目标：提升学生的写作兴趣。
教学重难点
教学重点：让学生学习邀请信的写作方法。
教学难点：让学生完成邀请信的写作。
课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔
教学过程：
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
学生活动：Pair Work
Imagine you are going to organise an English Drama Competition in your school or an English Poem Recitation in your class. You need to write an email to invite your foreign teacher to be a judge. Discuss with your partner.
(1) What type of information will you include in your invitation email
(2) What language style will you use in your email, formal or informal
二、While-class
1. 学生活动：阅读文章，回答问题。
Read the email to Mr Jenson from Zhao Zheng, President of the Student Union.
(1) What types of information have been included in the email
(Explanation of requirement/ responsibility, purpose for writing, current request/ expectation, ending the email, background information of the event.)
(2) What has been said specifically in each aspect
(Explanation of requirement: to listento all the speeches and judge on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, andcome to a decision who comes first, second and third.
Purpose for writing: to judge the final competition.
Current request: to attend a short meeting and discuss the details with other judges.
Ending the email:to hope he can come.
Background information of the event: to run a school-wide public speaking competition)
2. 学生活动：阅读文章，完成任务。
Read the email again. Choose and complete the information for each paragraph.
Pick out some useful expressions for each aspect.
Explanation of requirement/ responsibility
Purpose for writing
Current request/ expectation
Ending the email
Background information of the event
(Answers:
Paragraph 1: Purpose for writing
Paragraph 2: Background information of the event
Paragraph 3: Explanation of requirement/ responsibility
Paragraph 4: Current request/ expectation
Paragraph 5: Ending the email)
3. 学生活动：完成练习。
Write 2-3 sentences for your invitation email.Use the Sentence Builder to help you.
Sentence Builder
Formal Expressions
I am writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.
You would be responsible for listening to all the speeches.
Would you have time to attend a short meeting
I sincerely hope you can come.
If you have any questions, please do let me know.
(Suggested Answers:
I am writing on behalf of the students in my class/ school.
You would be responsible for judging the school event.
If you have better suggestions, please do let me know.)
4. 教师活动：介绍邀请信的写作方法。
邀请信是人们日常生活、社会活动和外交活动中常用的应用文体，它分为正式和非正式两种。正式邀请信的格式（包括信头、信内地址、客套语等）齐全，正文内容应用书面语。非正式邀请信通常只有日期，没有信内地址，语句也很随意，多为口头表达。
1.写邀请信遵循3C原则：
（1）Clear：邀请缘由、目的、时间、地点等信息明确。
（2）Convincing：有说服力，合情合理地说服收信人接受邀请，不强人所难。
（3）Courteous：措辞得当，有礼貌，符合收信人身份，语气诚恳。
2.邀请信一般采用三段式结构：
第一段 Beginning：写作目的：为什么邀请。
第二段 Body：事件、时间、地点和具体活动安排。
第三段 Ending：点题，表达对被邀请者的期待。
3. 常用表达
（1）首段
① … is approaching, I wonder if you could come to…
② On behalf of…, I would be very pleased to invite you to attend…
③ Knowing that you are fond of…, I'm writing to invite you to…
（2）正文
① The meeting will start at 2 pm on Tuesday afternoon at the Conference Center.
② The English Summer Camp will be held in Hainan at the end of July, 2019 and last four days.
③ There are some details for the activities. To begin with, _______________. What's more, _____________. Moreover/ Besides/ Additionally/ In addition, _______________. Finally, ______________.
（3）结尾
① I do hope you are not too busy to come.
② I would appreciate your timely confirmation of yourparticipation.
③ Could you please contact us at… if you could join us We are looking forward to your reply.
4. 写作模板
Dear ____________,
There will be a ____________ (活动)at/in(地点) on ____________ (时间).We would be honored to have you there with us.
During the party/conference,we will have a lot of activitiesyou'll be interested in(介绍活动内容).First, ____________ (活动一).Second, ____________ (活动二).I believe it will live up to your expectations(引出受邀人参加的理由). For one thing, ____________ (理由之一). For another, ____________ (理由之二).
The party/conference would not be complete without you(总结受邀人参加的必要性).
We do hope you can come ____________ (再次发出邀请).
Yours
Li Hua
三、After-class
1. 学生活动：Outlining
Complete the outline of your invitation based on Activity 3.
2. 学生活动：Drafting
Use your outline and the Writing Help to write your first draft.
Writing Help
Writing an Invitation Letter
It's important to:
use formal language in your invitation letter;
clearly state why you want to invite the person and what you want him/ her to do;
write in the first person;
end your invitation politely.
3. 学生活动：Editing
Edit your email in pairs. Then share what you have written in class.
Does the writer clearly state the reason why he/ she is writing the invitation letter
Does the writer clearly explain what he/ she wants the person to do
Does the writer use formal language
Is the invitation letter written in the first person
四、Summary
重点词汇：1. on behalf of 2. take place 3. come to a decision
重点句型：as 引导的定语从句；谓语动词的强调结构
总结邀请信的写法。
五、作业布置
练习：
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参加中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.展览时间、地点；
2.展览内容。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
思路指引
写作时应注意：
1.结构采用三段式：
第一段自我介绍并引出写信目的；
第二段具体交代活动时间、地点及展览内容；
第三段回扣主题，再次发出邀请。
2.时态：以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。
3.人称：第一人称。
4.注意事项：
（1）恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然流畅。
（2）适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高文章档次。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Dear Henry,
I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class.Knowing that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I'm writing to tell you there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.
The exhibition,the theme of which is"Beauty of China", will take place in the school hall from 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm next Sunday. Not only will our works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist in this field. Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture.
I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. I'msure it can leave a wonderful impression on you! I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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