中考专项复习之介词 课件 (共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
中考复习专项复习
----介词
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
介词种类
1.时间介词
2. 方位介词
3. 方式介词
4. 涉及介词
5. 其他介词
时间介词
一、in/on/at辨析
①in+世纪/年份/季节、月份 in the+上午/下午/晚上
in 2000 在2000年 in May在五月 in winter在冬天 in the morning在早上
②on+具体某日或某日的上午/下午/晚上
on Monday 在星期一 on the morning of May 4th在五月四日的早上 on October 1st在十月一日
on a rainy evening在一个下雨的夜晚
③at+具体时间点或黎明、正误、黄昏、午夜
at nine 在九点钟 at noon在正午 at night在半夜
练 习
1.We usually have a flag-raising ceremony Monday.(2021重庆B）
A. at B. on C. in D./
时间介词
二、for/since辨析
for和since引导时间状语从句都有延续之意，用于现在完成时
①for+时间段表示“（延续）...之久
②since+时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间
例子
They have lived in China for ten years.
She has worked here since the spring of 2018.
时间介词
三、before/after辨析（二者皆可作为介词和连词）
①before在...之前
Wash hands before meals.(介词） 饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here.(连词）他离开这儿之前会给你打电话。
②after在...之后
Let’s go shopping after working.（介词）下班后去购物吧。
Please close the door after you leave the room.(连词）离开房间请关门。
时间介词
四、by/until/till辨析
①by在...前；截止（到）...
How many books had you read by the end of last year 到去年为止你读过多少本书？
by the end of 在...底（之前） by then到那时 by the time+从句 在...之前
②till/until直到...为止（时间）...
I didn’t go to bed until my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才去睡觉。
not ....until/till直到...才
We will wait for him until he comes here.
我们将会一直等到他来。
时间介词
四、by/until/till辨析
时间介词
五、in/after/within辨析
①in+时间段表示从现在算起多久之后，用于将来时
He will be back two hours later. 两小时后他将会回来。
②after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后，一般用于过去式
He came back after two hours.两小时后他回来。
He’ll be back after two o’clock.他两点钟后会回来。
③within在...之内
I must finish the work within two hours.我必须在两个小时内完成这个工作。
in+时间段用How soon提问
after+时间段用When提问
练 习
My dad will fly to New York in three days.(（对划线部分提问）
will your dad fly to New York？
How soon
时间介词
六、其他时间介词的用法
①during表示“在...期间”
We had a good time during the summer holiday. 在暑假期间我们玩得很开心。
②from从...起
表示“从...开始”时，一般都是用词组“from...to...”,而单纯表示确切的”从几点开始“时用at。
The meeting will last from 8 to10.会议将从八点持续到十点。
练 习
1.I often saw him play basketball the summer holiday.
A. from B. during C. before D. after
方位介词
一、in/on/at辨析
①in+大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等)
in Beijing 在北京 in the world 在世界上 in the house在房子里 in China在中国
②at+小地点（车站、电影院等)
at school上学 at home在家 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
③on表示在物体的表面
on the desk在桌子上面 on the map在地图上
二、on/above/over辨析
①on表示在物体...上面（表面）
on the screen在屏幕上面 on the table在桌子上面
②above表示在物体...上方（斜上方也可以）
The plane flew above the cloud. 飞机在云端上飞行。
③over表示在...正上方（不接触；空中）
There is a UFO over the city. 城市上空有一个不明飞行物。
方位介词
三、in/on/to辨析
①in：在...之中（包含关系）
Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国的东部。
②on：在...；（相邻关系）
Chongqing lies on the south of Sichuan Province.重庆位于四川南部。
①to：在...（相离关系）
Janpan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东部。
方位介词
四、across/through/past/over辨析
across
表面穿过
through
内部穿过
past
旁边过
over
越过
I often SWim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
The train is going through a huge mountain.火车正在通过大山。
Every day he walks past the supermarket.每天他都要从超市旁边过。
The bird is flying over the tree.鸟儿正从树上飞过。
方位介词
五、between/among辨析
六、in front of/in the front of辨析
① between：在两者之间 （between...and）
Li Ming sits between Jane and Maria. 李明坐在简和玛利亚中间。
② among：在...之间;三者及以上
He is the tallest among boys in Class Six.在六班的男孩子中，他最高。
① in front of：在...前面 （外部）
There is a dog in front of our car. 我们的车前面有一只狗。（挡在前面）
① in the front of：在...前面 （内部）
Li Ming sits in the front of the classroom. 李明坐在教室靠前的位置。
方位介词
七、up/down辨析
八、to/from辨析
① to：到达...地方
They went to Shanghai. 他们到北京去了。
② from：从...地点起
Maria is from Cuba. 玛利亚来自于古巴。
up
down
向上
向下
stand up 起立
sit down坐下
from...to...从...到...
方位介词
九、in/into/out of/on/on to辨析
① in：在...之内；静止的位置
The students are in the classroom. 学生们在教室里。
② into：到...,有特定终点的运动方向，常跟在go/run/come/walk等词后
The students ran into the dining hall. 学生们冲进了食堂。
She walked into a store。她走进了一家便利店。
③out of：从...到外面；离开，有特定终点的运动方向
At las, they got out of danger. 最终，他们脱离了危险。
After class, students run out of the classroom. 课后，学生们冲出教室。
④on：在...上面；静止状态
There are two eggs on the desk. 桌子上有两个鸡蛋。
⑤onto：到...上面；运动状态
I ran out onto the playground. 我跑到了操场上。
方位介词
十、其他方位介词
① under：在...下面 under the table在桌子下面。
② below：在...下方（不一定正下方）
There are many toys below the desk. 桌子下面有很多玩具。
③ near：近的；不远的 not far；是far的反义词
There is a hospital near the bus station. 公交站不远处有一个医院。
④ by：在...旁边 比near近
by the window在窗户旁边 by him在他旁边.
⑤ along：沿着
I like walking along the river. It’s so pleasant.我喜欢沿着河边走，很惬意。
⑥around：围绕；在...周围
We sit around the table and have a game.我们围坐在桌子旁玩游戏。
⑦behind：在...后；与in front of是反义词
There is a small pool behind my house.我家后面有一个小池塘。
⑧opposite：在...对面
The museum is opposite a library.博物馆在一个图书馆对面。
方式介词
一、with/by/in/on辨析：表工具，方式；材料
① with：用某种工具或方法 Lily cut the line with a knife.
②in：用某种材料；语言；衣着；声调 She wrote a letter in black ink.
Can you speak in Chinese She often talks with us in a low voice.
③on：通过；使用；借助于 on TV在电视上 on the Internet在互联网上 on foot步行的方式
④by：通过...方式；以...方法；以...交通工具
I improve my English by listening English songs.
She goes to work by bus.
by plane
涉及介词
① except：“除了...之外”不包含在内
Everyone went for a picnic last Sunday except Tom. 除了汤姆，每个人上周日都去野炊的。
② besides：“除了...之外还有”包含在内
Besides Chinese, he can say many other languages. 除了中文，他还会许多其他语言。
③ but：“除了.”常与不定代词nothing/nobody等连用
I had nothing to do but sleep. 我除了睡觉无事可做。
not...but不是而是
I am not a child but a adult.我不是小孩子而是一名成年人了。
练 习
1. She is great. working, she also takes good care of hergrandma.
A. Besieds B.But C. And D. Except
涉及介词
①for：表目的和原因--”为；给；替
I study for a better life.
She works hard for money.
②like：像...一样
The moon tonight looks like a plate.今晚的月亮看起来像一个盘子
③against：反对（与for为反义词）；靠着
Looking, Tom is fighting against Jack. 看，汤姆在和杰克打架。
Lie against the wall, please.请靠墙站着。
④beyond：超过
The end of the story is beyond my imagination.
⑤as：作为
As a student, I should listen to the teacher carefully.
He is famous as a actor.
涉及介词
⑥including：包括
I have finished my homework, including math.
⑦about：关于；
This is a story about my grandpa.
⑧without：没有，with的反义词
Fish can’t live without water.
⑨of：（属于）...的，
This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家族的照片
介词后面的动词一律要用doing形式
练一练
1. My mother often goes to work bus, but I went to school foot.
2. How long have you worked a doctor.
3. My parents arrived in Sichuan a cold night.
4. the age of nine, I could dance ballet.
5. I won’t come back July.
6. Look, there are some birds the tree and some red apples the tree.
7. On Teachers’ Day, I bought some flowers my teachers.
8. The train is leaving for Beijing 9:45.
用合适的介词填空
by
on
as
on
At
until
in
on
for
at
1. Father’s Day comes June every year.（重庆2022b）
A. in B. on C. at D.to
2. The Tianwen-1 Probe landed Mars May 15th, 2021.（重庆2021A）
A. at B. in C. to D. on
3. Amy wants to be a good learner practicing more.（抚顺2022）
A. by B.for C. on D. with
4. You can only achieve success hard work.(长沙2022)
A. across B. above C. through D. into
5. -How are you going to Shanghai， Harry？
- plane.(柳州2022）
A. Of B. In C. By
练一练
单项选择