河南省林州市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月开学考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分）
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| 名称 | 河南省林州市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月开学考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-15 19:40:36 | ||
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林州重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月开学考试
英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We all have a favorite independent pet shop，where we always pick up the tastiest treats and best dog toys. And now, it’s time to praise these small shops! This year, Beco, the UK’s leading pet brand, is launching the Independent Pet
Shop Awards to champion the brilliant people who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops we love.
Beco will ask people to nominate (提名）their favorite independent pet shop. People who want to participate just need to register on www. and answer a question. To motivate people to take part in the activity, Beco is giving away a dog basket worth 150 to five fortunate participants- The five lucky people will be selected at random. They will be contacted via email- They have 48 hours from the initial email to claim their prizes .
Nominations are now open on www. . Judges will visit the nominees before selecting one of them as the UK’s Favorite Independent Pet Shop, The final winner will be announced on November 20 .
This activity is open to anyone who is a citizen of the United Kingdom.
Participants must be 18 or over.
Entry to the activity is restricted to one entry per person please.
Closing date for entries is 11: 59 pm on November 7.
21 . Why is the Independent Pet Shop Awards started
A. To appeal for more attention to pets
B. To inform people of a famous pet brand,
C. To promote the business of some pet shops-
D. To honor some hardworking pet shop owners.
22. What will be awarded to the five lucky participants
A. 150 pounds- B. A pet basket-
C. A pet dog. D. Free pet care.
23. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Being a UK citizen.
B. Being 19 years old.
C. Submitting two entries
D. Participating online.
B
Leaving India for the United Kingdom to continue my research career, I felt more out of place than before. At work, I shied away from discussions, let alone putting forward my opinions- I was afraid my colleagues would see me through and realize how weak I really felt. Some mornings, just stepping out of my room and going into the lab seemed a challenging task.
That began to change after a quiet breakdown in the lab urged me to contact the university’s mental health services- I was advised to attend a concert by a famous singer from my motherland .There I was in the packed concert hall, surrounded by strangers — all of us clapping and singing along to the familiar song. It was a complete victory- I’ve changed a lot since then.
Soon, I planned a day trip to a picturesque city a few hours away。As I took pictures of the beautiful surroundings, and enjoyed a lemonade there, I realized nobody was really paying any attention to me. My confidence and self-recognition grew as I enjoyed more local day trips- My growing self-confidence carried over to work, where I started to speak up and put forward my opinions. I began to ask questions during departmental discussions.
So, when an important conference relevant to our research came around, I felt comfortable registering to attend on my own even if my colleagues weren’t interested in it. Not only did I meet the speakers，but I also introduced myself to other attendees and industry representatives, chatting about their products- The experience inspired me to evaluate my own professional interests.
Since then , I have had confidence to move to other countries, enthusiastic about new opportunities. Traveling alone did not give me any magical power, but taught me that I have the competence to grow and succeed, just like everyone around me, and it helped me get rid of the self-doubt that used to hold me back.
22. What did the concert mean to the author
A. A comfort to his homesickness
B. A chance to meet a famous singer.
C. A turning point in his life-
A. An occasion to relax himself-
23. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3
A. He benefited much from the day trips.
B. He developed an interest in photography.
C. He became an independent researcher
D. He was often ignored by other people
24. Which can best describe the authors performance at the conference
A. Inspiring. B. Active.
C. Skillful, D. Exciting.
25. What is the best title for the text
A. Further Study in Foreign Countries
B. A Combination of Travel and Research
C. A Bonus of My Research
D. The Road to Becoming Confident
C
No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
“We study spiking neural networks (尖峰神经网) , which are systems that learn much as living brains do,” said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. “We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development .”Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations (模拟)became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered.“ It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest，" said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise- These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group’s next goal is to apply their algorithm (算法）to Intel’s Loihi，a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
28, What did Watkins and her research team find
A. Neural networks are far from stable.
B. Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D, Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
29. What does the underlined word analogous" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Contrary. Beneficial-
C. Similar. D. Related-
30. Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi
A. To better update Loihi。
B. To make sure Loihi get enough sleeper To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D. To further confirm their discovery.
31. In which section of a website can we probably find the text
A. Electronics & Physics.
B. Mind & Brain.
C. Business & Industry.
D. Computers & Science.
D
China has been planting seaweed for about 1,700 years . Coastal populations harvested a variety of algae (藻类）first as a source of food and animal feed，but later for industrial and nutritional purposes as the practice became more widespread- Today, China remains the world’s biggest producer of farmed seaweed, but many other countries start to realize the potential of planting seaweed.
Certain red seaweed varieties contain up to 25% protein, but others are also rich in iron and other minerals. Seaweed planting becomes hot aquaculture (水产养殖业)which is now shooting up. In Alaska，where the largest seaweed farm in North America is located, farmers produced over 112,000 pounds of seaweed in 2019 一 a 200% increase from Alaska’s first commercial harvest in 2017. Occupying just a few acres, seaweed planting is economical, relatively simple and comes with a lot of environmental benefits.
Research shows that seaweed could play a key role beyond serving as a source of nutrients and food, but also in the fight against some of the worst problems： climate change and ocean pollution . Seaweed doesn’t need to be fed or fertilized (施肥)，as the crop gets everything it needs from sunlight and the natural nutrients already found in the ocean water. There are, of course, some disadvantages to seaweed farming. For example, overproducing seaweed could influence the amount of natural light available to other ocean species.In addition, technology for transporting, drying, and turning seaweed into biofuel and food can take up resources and give off CO2. It9s also possible that these crops could remove too many nutrients from the wild ecosystem.
However, as research continues to search into sustainable (可持续的）seaweed farming methods，we may discover that advantages win over disadvantages.
The economic value of dealing with nutrient pollution, for example, may reduce costs for wastewater treatment; the same goes for turning seaweed into biofuel，fertilizer, or fuel depending on water quality. The balance will come down to a combination of policy and scientific research .
32. Why does the author mention seaweed farming in Alaska
A. To show seaweed planting is growing fast.
B. To announce seaweed planting is eco-friendly.
C. To state seaweed is easy to plant across the world.
D. To prove seaweed planting has large economic benefits .
33. Which is the disadvantage of seaweed planting
A, Removing other ocean species
B. Consuming too many nutrients.
C. Taking up too much space.
D. Causing potential ocean pollution.
34. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed
A. By making a comparison.
B. By providing evidence
C. By using classifications.
D. By analyzing the background.
35. What can we infer about seaweed farming in the last paragraph
A. There are arguments over it^
B. Turning seaweed into fuel is necessary.
C. It needs joint efforts to improve.
D. Dealing with nutrient pollution costs a lot-
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Biking offers a number of 11 life-changing11 benefits to its riders. It fights overweight and heart disease as well as building muscles . Switching up to cycling for the morning commute (通勤）reduces noise and air pollutants and cuts down on greenhouse gases. 36 Not to mention that cycling is cheaper than driving.
37 A bike company conducted a survey and found out that the number one thing preventing people from biking to work was M awareness of road safety". Sharing the road with cars can be dangerous. Omar Bakhshi, an app developer, experienced this first-hand when a car hit him, leaving him with an injury that affected his taste and smell for life. 38. That was why he set out to make the roads safer to share.
He started a company, Tether, to improve safety conditions for urban cyclists. Tether has developed a small smart sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects a “ safety zone" of lights onto the sidewalk. If cars get too close to the bikers personal space, the lights will start flashing. 39 .What makes Bakhshi’s device different to similar devices on the market is its smart features. Tether’s tool collects data from close encounters (相遇）with cars. The data is then organized into a central database, 40 .When biking and driving can both share road safety awareness, biking will become a beautiful sight in the city.
A. City biking is far from safe.
B. Bikers can go quickly and safely.
C. He realized that what happened to him wasn9t unusual.
D. In other words, it^ a clean and green way to get to work.
E. With all these advantages, why aren’t there many bikers on city roads
F. This can remind car drivers to pay attention to the rules of sharing the road.
G. Thus，bikers can access the information to determine which streets are safer for them^
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
One evening in 2010, Lennon and Carla gathered at the dinner table in Carles in Los Angeles. Lennon had just 41 there. She met Carla on her first day at work in the strange city. The two young women became close quickly after 42 they had something in common： Both were 43 with life after losing a close family member. Carla also 44 a few others who were grieving(悲伤)that evening. It was a night of deep conversation, 45 understanding each other and healing (治愈）hearts Each guest left believing they weren’t 46 .
Three years later, Lennon and Carla 47 .The Dinner Party to meet and understand people who have 48 deep loss . Since 2013，their nonprofit organization has helped bring together over 13，000 people to 49 their grief, ’’ There’s so much 50 when normal people hear the expression of grief， because they don’t know what to say，" Lennon says. "Then people suffering may think whatever they’re feeling is 51 ” She also learned there’s almost no 52 of death and grief among young adults, because they haven’t experienced such loss — making life especially 53 for those who have, Lennon found people are more likely to let down their 54 and tell their grief over a meal. That means the 55 of the healing. The Dinner Party allows people to check out 56 tables online and reserve one. They can also list themes they9re hoping to 57 before
meeting the tablets host. All hosts have received 58 from experts in the organization to make meaningful and powerful conversations. "One 59 we’ve seen in this is that people could admit they weren’t okay freely,"
Lennon says, “ I hope the condition 60 . ”
41. A. adapted B. drove C. moved D. visited
42. A. discovering B. believing C. expecting D. predicting
43. A. dealing B. competing C. struggling D. communicating
44. A. informed B. helped C. convinced D. invited ^
45. A. thoroughly B. clearly C. simply D. immediately
46. A. hopeless B. common C. alone D. afraid
47. A. held B. designed C. joined D. founded
48. A. gone through B. come across C. given away D. taken on
49. A, hide B. share C. overcome D. abandon
50. A. sympathy B. silence C. disagreement D. weakness
51. A. strange B. funny C. wrong D. strong
52. A. awareness B. choice C. concern D. discussion
53. A. pitiful B. tough C. unfair D. specific
54. A. doubt B. defense C. sadness D. curiosity
55. A. start B. influence C. success D. completion
56. A. temporary B. alternative C. useful D. available
57. A. challenge B. explore C. research D. stress
58. A. support B. reward C. training D. welcome
59. A. trend B. problem C. method D. chance
60. A. matters B. functions C. changes D. continues
第二节句子填空与翻译
Part I句子填空（每小题1分，满分21分）
61. Being a doctor can be a tiring and (stress) job，but all hard work will pay off.
62. The famous restaurant______ (以…为特色）Sichuan dishes and attracts a large number of hot spicy food addicts.
63. The market has shown an (每年的）growth rate of 20% for several years.
64. If you need more (detail)information, please contact me.
65. I got in touch with him (immediate) after I received the letter
66. This report offered the most specific and accurate (describe) of the problems,
67. With crowds of journalists (surround) him, he was at a loss what to say.
68. There’s a wide (select) of books in the library.
69. He’s universally recognised as an (权威人士）on Russian affairs.
70. Reading a book can be a (reward) experience for both of you.
71. (丧失）of sleep is a common problem in modem society, affecting many individuals at some point in their life.
72. The firefighters tried their best to save people (trap) in buildings.
73. During the first week, do not think about (distant), but run five minutes longer each day.
74. There’s a growing (recognize) that education does not end with graduation.
75. The dancers gave an (energy) and thrilling performance, which delighted the audience.
76. I’m sorry that I can’t attend your birthday party this Sunday, because the (month) test is around the comer.
77. Make sure that you apply the theory practice.
78. Around 13,500 new jobs were provided during the period， (make) lots of graduates find a suitable position.
79. His behaviour today makes me change my original (impress) of him.
80. Our new (策略）________will better meet our customers’ needs and increase the profit.
81. terms of extra tasks, how long will it take us to finish then.
Part 2句子翻译：（每小题3分，满分24分)
82. 更多的公路已经建成，使得人们的出行方便了（非谓语）
83. 我们总会有犯错误的时候，但真正重要的是从中汲取教训。（There will be times when...)
84. 如果天气许可的话，聚会将在花园里举行。（独立主格结构）
85. 尽管他是个孩子，但他对太空探索了解 很多。(as引导让步状语从句）
86. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气 ( the reason why...is that...)
87. 这么大热天让你的孩子们在外面闲逛不 是个好主意。（it作形式主语）
88. John背部受了伤，这可能使他参加不了明天的比赛.(定语从句）
89. 我希望你能给我简单介绍一下这项研究， 这样我就可以提前收集一下相关信息。（so that)
第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出 修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
My brother has been fond at building things since he was a kid. After earning a degree in computer science，he has developed software for different businesses. With his childhood dream in mind，he eventual quit the job and began to build 3-D printers. Having never taken some classes in electrical engineering or robotics, he found everything he was supposed know on the Internet. He often starts with some parts finding from online stores. The rest is trial observes the result. If it doesn’t work，he analyzes why or starts over. That’s not so different from what a scientist does an experiment. I admire him for his applying original idea to real-world problems. I hope he will succeed.
第二节书面表达(满分25分）
你校英语报正在开展”小行动，大温暖”的主题征文活动。请你以One meaningful deed为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.具体事例；
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你与好。
One meaningful deed
林州市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月开学考试
英语试卷参考答案
文章大意:文章介绍了英国正在进行的独立宠物店奖，鼓励人们来提名他们最喜爱的宠物店。
21. D理解具体信息根据第一段的内容，尤其是” to champion the brilliant people who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops we love可知，设立独立宠物店奖的目的是表彰那些不辞辛劳地提供优质服务的宠物店店主。故选 D项。
22. B理解具体信息根据第二段中的” To motivate people to take part in the activity, Beco is giving away a dog basket worth 150 to five fortunate participants, n 可知，五个幸运的参与者将会得到价值150英镑的宠物篮。故选B项。此题不能 选A项，奖励不是150英镑，而是价值150英镑的宠物篮。
23. C理解具体信息根据文章最后一部分的内容，尤其Entry to the activity is restricted to one entry per person please.”可知，多次参加是被禁止的，是不符合参赛资格的。 故选C项。
二次精读 熟词生义:champion常用义:(尤指体育比赛中的）冠军，第一名 文章义:捍卫，维护She championed the cause of religious freedom.她捍卫宗教自由事业。
难句分析：This year，Beco，the UK’s leading pet brand，is launching the Independent Pet Shop
同位语
Awards to champion the brilliant people (who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops
不定式作目的状语，其中who引导定语从句，managing,是动词-in
形式作伴随状语
we love).
译文:今年，英国领先的宠物品牌Beco推出了独立宠物店奖， 以表彰那些孜孜不倦地经营我们喜爱的独立宠物店的杰出人士。
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人经历—异地求学的成长经历
文章大意:作者在文章中讲述了自己异地求学的成长经历：由不适应、不自信和内向逐渐变得自信并积极参加各种活动。
24. C 推断根据第二段中的“It was a complete victory. I’ve changed a lot since then. ”可知，参加那场音乐会是"完全的胜利”，作者由此改变了很多。对他而言，这场音乐会是人生的一个转折点。故选C项。
25. A 推断根据第三段中的“My confidence and self-recognition grew as I enjoyed more local day trips. My growing self-confidence carried over to work， where I started to speak up and put forward my opinions . I began to ask questions during departmental discussions."可知，随着更多的一日游，作者更加自信了。在工作中，他也开始畅所欲言，在部门讨论时也敢于提问了。由此可知，作者从一日游中受益颇多。故选A项。
26. B推断根据第四段的内容，尤其是"Not only did I meet the speakers, but I also introduced myself … chatting about their products. ”可知，尽管作者的同事们对那个重要会议不感兴趣，但他却积极参加，并且表现得很活跃。故选B项。
27. D理解文章主旨要义本文主要讲述了作者如何由内向且有点胆小逐渐变得自信并积极参加各种活动。比较选项可知D项最合适。
二次精读 核心短语:shy away畏避;回避;躲避;避免做
out of place不得体;不适当；格格不入
carry over (在不同情况下）继续存在，保持下去
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科技发展-----人工智能也需要休息
文意大意:Watkins和她的团队发现人工智能在运行一段时间后也需要休息，这种休息带来的好处与睡眠给人类带来的好处类似。
28. B理解具体信息根据第一段中的"they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains”可知，研究团队发现人工智能也需要休息。故选B项。
29. C理解词汇根据第二段中的n It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest” 可知，这就好像是让神经网络睡了一宿的好觉。那么画线词所在的句子应该是 在讲：当他们将这些神经网络暴露在类似于人类大脑在睡眠时所经历的状态下时，它们的稳定性就恢复了。由此可知，画线词应该表示“类似的”。故选C项。
30．D 推断根据最后一段中的“They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time” 和” If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains”可知，研究团队把他们的算法运用到Loihi上 是为了进一步证实他们的发现。故选D项。
31. D推断通读全文可知，该文介绍了 Watkins和她的团 队的一项新研究，这项研究发现人工智能也需要休息。这应 属于计算机科学研究范畴之内，故选D项。
二次精读 难句分析:The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training,
动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰simulated neural networks
which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to.
which引导非限制性定语从句，其中providing…作介词without的宾语
译文:该小组最初在稳定模拟神经网络时遇到了困难，这些神经网络正在接受无人看管的字典训练，这涉及对物体进行分类，但没有提供例子让它们进行比较。
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——环境保护——海藻种植
文意大意:文章介绍了海藻种植的益处和弊端及其发展前景。
32. A 推断根据第二段中的"Seaweed planting becomes hot aquaculture(水产养殖业）which is now shooting up.” 可知，海藻种植成为一个热门的水产养殖业，目前正在迅速发展。作者紧接着以阿拉斯加海藻产量两年内上涨200%的事例加以说明。故选A项。
33. B理解具体信息根据第三段中的“ There are，of course, some disadvantages to seaweed farming. ” 和“these crops could remove too many nutrients from the wild ecosystem”可知，海藻种植也有一些弊端，其中一项是从生态系统中带走了太多的营养物质。故选B项。
34. A推断根据第三段的内容可知，其前半部分主要讲了海藻种植的益处，后半部分主要讲了海藻种植的弊端，前后存在对比关系。故选A项。
35. C 推断根据最后一段中的“ we may discover that advantages win over disadvantages. . . The balance will come down to a combination of policy and scientific research. ’’ 可知，海藻种植的益处大于弊端，而这一平衡将取决于政策和科学 研究的结合。由此可推知，需要共同努力来改善海藻种植的方法，实现利弊平衡。故选C项。
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科技发明——可以安装在自行车车把上的小型智能设备
语境概述:Omar Bakhshi的公司发明了一款可以安装在自行车车把上的小型智能设备，使骑行更安全。
36. D根据空前的“ reduces noise and air pollutants and cuts down on greenhouse gases"可知，骑自行车上班可以减少噪音和空气污染，减少温室气体的排放，也就是说这是一种绿色的上班方式，且空后也是在讲骑自行车的好处，故选D项。
37. E空后提到“ the number one thing preventing people from biking to work"，并且上一段主要讲了骑自行车的好处，由此可知，空处承上启下，应选E项”有这么多优势，为什么城市道路上骑自行车的人却不多呢 ”。
38. C空前讲的是Omar Bakhshi骑自行车时发生车祸的亲身经历，空后讲的是他为什么着手进行道路安全共享。由此可知，空处应该是讲Omar Bakhshi做决定的原因，故选C项“他意识到发生在他身上的事并不罕见”。
39. F根据上下文语境可知，如果汽车离骑自行车的人太近，灯就会开始闪烁，这可以提醒汽车司机注意道路共享的规 则，故选F项。
40. G空前讲的是数据会被整理进一个中央数据库，空后提到骑自行车和开车都能共享道路安全意识，由此可知，空处应该是讲数据和道路共享的安全意识如何联系起来，故选G 项"因此，骑自行车的人可以访问数据，以确定哪些街道对他们来说更安全"。
解题步骤:（1)快速扫读全文，注意首尾段文本大意和段落过渡，把握主旨大意和感彩。（2)查看选项大意，定义选项句子性质。（3)再次通读文章，挖空位置上下看一句，注意语义连接词，尝试填写答案。（4)将答案放入文本，揣摩语义表达是否合适，行文逻辑是否顺畅。
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与公益 事业——宴会派对
行文脉络:文章讲述了 Lennon和Carla创建宴会派对的经过和宴会派对是如何帮助那些失去亲人的人走出悲伤的。
41. C根据下文中的" She met Carla on her first day at work in the strange city."可知，Lennon 刚刚搬到（moved)洛杉矶。 故选C项。
42. A根据下文内容可知，Lennon和Carla很快变得亲密起来，是因为发现（discovering)两人有一些共同之处。故选 八项。
43. C 根据下文中的“ after losing a close family member” 可知，她们在失去家人后应该是在挣扎着（struggling)生活。故选C项。
44. D根据下文中的“ Each guest left”可知，Carla也邀请了 (invited) —些和她们一样正在经历悲伤的人。故选D项。
45. A 根据下文中的“understanding each other and healing (治愈)hearts"可知，他们进行了深入的交谈，彻底了解彼此。 Thoroughly“完全地，彻底地"。
46. C 根据上文的内容尤其是“ It was a night of deep conversation, 45 understanding each other and healing (治愈)hearts.”可知，经过深人的交谈后，这些失去亲人的人在离开时都坚信自己并不孤单(alone)。故选C项。
47. D 根据下文中的“ Since 2013，their nonprofit organization"可知，Lennon 和 Carla 创立了（founded)宴会派对组织。故选D项。
48. A 根据上文中的"losing a close family member "和” grieving(悲伤）’’可知，这些人都有痛失亲人的经历。故选A 项。go through“ 经历” ；come across“偶然遇到”；give away”失去，赠送’’ ；take on“承担，呈现"。
49. B 根据上文中的“ to meet and understand people” 和“ helped bring together over 13，000 people” 可知，该非营利组织已经帮助了13 000多人，让他们分享（share)自己的悲伤。故 选B项。
50. B 根据下文中的"because they don’t know what to say"可铀，当别人倾诉自己的痛苦时，人们因不知道说什么而沉默不言。故选 B 项。sympathy “同情“ ; silence "沉默’’； disagreement"分歧” ;weakness“ 缺点“。
51. C根据上文的内容可知，听众沉默不言会让这些经历痛苦的人认为自己的感觉是不对的(wrong)。故选C项。
52. D 根据上文中的“ 49 their grief”和下文中的"because they haven‘t experienced such loss"
乎不会和别人分享或谈到死亡和悲伤这类的话题，因为他们没有经历过这样的失去。故选D项。Awareness“意识”;choice“选择“；concern”忧虑，关心“ ;discussion”讨论’’ 。
53. B根据语境可知，年轻人没有经历过亲人的去世，所以不会谈论死亡和悲伤。因此无人能和那些经历过失去的人分享悲伤，这就会让他们的生活更加艰难(tough) 。
54. B根据上文中的"let down"和下文中的“ tell their grief over a meal"可知，人们在一起用餐时会更容易放下防备 (defense)，彼此之间坦诚交流。故选B项。
55．A根据语境及常识可知，放下防备、坦诚交流意味着治愈的开始(start)。故选A项。
56．根据下文中的n and reserve one"可知，人们先从网上 查看可用的(available )桌位。故选D项。
57. B根据语境可知，人们可以在与主持人见面之前列出想要探讨(explore)的主题。故选B项。
58. C 根据下文中的“ from experts in the organization to make meaningful and powerful conversations"可知，每一张桌子的主持人都训练有素，他们知道怎样进行有意义和有影响力的对话。故选C项。Support“支持’’; reward“奖励";training ” 培训";welcome"欢迎”。
59. A 根据下文中的“people could admit they weren’t okay freely”可知，宴会派对呈现一种趋势(trend):在这里，人们坦诚交流，自由地承认自己过得并不好。故选A项。
60. D根据语境可知，Lennon希望宴会派对继续（continue)发挥这样的作用。故选D项。
61. stressful 62. features
63. annual 64. detailed
65. immediately 66.description
67. surrounding 68.selection
69. authority 70. rewarding
71. Loss 72. trapped
73. distance 74. recognition
75. energetic 76. monthly
77. to 78.making
79. impression 80.strategy
81.In
82. More highways have been built，making it convenient for people to travel.
83. There will always be times when we make mistakes, but learning from them really matters.
84. The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.
85. Child as he is9 he knows a lot about space exploration.
86. The reason why we have to plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
87. lt isn’t a good idea to leave your children getting around outdoors on such a hot day.
88. John has a back injury that may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.
89. I hope you could give me a brief introduction of the research so that I can gather some relevant information in advance.
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事— 喜欢建筑的哥哥
考点分布:介词1个，时态1个，副词1个，限定词1个，非谓语动词2个，主谓一致1个，连词1个，宾语从句连接词1个，名词 1个。
My brother has been fond at building things since he
of be fond of为固定搭配
was a kid. After earning a degree in computer science, he has
删除has此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时
developed software for different businesses. With his childhood
dream in mind，he eventual quit the job and began to build
eventually此处修饰整个句子，应用副词
3-D printers. Having never taken some classes in electrical
any否定句中表示"一些"时通常用any
engineering or robotics, he found everything he was supposed
^ know on the Internets He often starts with some parts
to be supposed to do sth.为固定搭配，意为"应该做某事"
finding from online stores. The rest is trial and error. He
found 此处作定语修饰前面的”some parts"，且与some parts为逻辑上的动宾关系
comes up with a design idea, test it and observes the result.
tests主语为He，故此处应用动词的第三人称单数形式
If it doesn’t work，he analyzes why or starts over. That’s not
and 该句为肯定句且” analyzes why"和” starts over"为顺承关系
so different from what a scientist does an experiment, I
how从句不缺少成分，故从句引导词应为连接副词
admire him for his applying original idea to real - world problems.
ideas根据语境可知，此处应为复数
I hope he will succeed .
范文赏读： One meaningful deed
It was the first day of the summer vacation. I，together with my parents, went to visit my grandparents. My parents bought a smartphone for them as a surprise. As expected , they were delighted but they were unfamiliar with how to use it(“疑问词 + 不定式结构作宾语).I decided to be their teacher. They looked like excited children when I taught them.
Now，every time I miss my grandparents (every time 引导时间状语从句），I give them a video call. We chat and share the happy moments around us. Obviously , the smartphone has brought us in close contact with each other.
A small action can make a big difference. Love our grandparents while there are opportunities( while 引导时间状语从句). It’s never too late to accompany them(too… to…结构）.
英语试卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We all have a favorite independent pet shop，where we always pick up the tastiest treats and best dog toys. And now, it’s time to praise these small shops! This year, Beco, the UK’s leading pet brand, is launching the Independent Pet
Shop Awards to champion the brilliant people who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops we love.
Beco will ask people to nominate (提名）their favorite independent pet shop. People who want to participate just need to register on www. and answer a question. To motivate people to take part in the activity, Beco is giving away a dog basket worth 150 to five fortunate participants- The five lucky people will be selected at random. They will be contacted via email- They have 48 hours from the initial email to claim their prizes .
Nominations are now open on www. . Judges will visit the nominees before selecting one of them as the UK’s Favorite Independent Pet Shop, The final winner will be announced on November 20 .
This activity is open to anyone who is a citizen of the United Kingdom.
Participants must be 18 or over.
Entry to the activity is restricted to one entry per person please.
Closing date for entries is 11: 59 pm on November 7.
21 . Why is the Independent Pet Shop Awards started
A. To appeal for more attention to pets
B. To inform people of a famous pet brand,
C. To promote the business of some pet shops-
D. To honor some hardworking pet shop owners.
22. What will be awarded to the five lucky participants
A. 150 pounds- B. A pet basket-
C. A pet dog. D. Free pet care.
23. Which of the following will result in disqualification
A. Being a UK citizen.
B. Being 19 years old.
C. Submitting two entries
D. Participating online.
B
Leaving India for the United Kingdom to continue my research career, I felt more out of place than before. At work, I shied away from discussions, let alone putting forward my opinions- I was afraid my colleagues would see me through and realize how weak I really felt. Some mornings, just stepping out of my room and going into the lab seemed a challenging task.
That began to change after a quiet breakdown in the lab urged me to contact the university’s mental health services- I was advised to attend a concert by a famous singer from my motherland .There I was in the packed concert hall, surrounded by strangers — all of us clapping and singing along to the familiar song. It was a complete victory- I’ve changed a lot since then.
Soon, I planned a day trip to a picturesque city a few hours away。As I took pictures of the beautiful surroundings, and enjoyed a lemonade there, I realized nobody was really paying any attention to me. My confidence and self-recognition grew as I enjoyed more local day trips- My growing self-confidence carried over to work, where I started to speak up and put forward my opinions. I began to ask questions during departmental discussions.
So, when an important conference relevant to our research came around, I felt comfortable registering to attend on my own even if my colleagues weren’t interested in it. Not only did I meet the speakers，but I also introduced myself to other attendees and industry representatives, chatting about their products- The experience inspired me to evaluate my own professional interests.
Since then , I have had confidence to move to other countries, enthusiastic about new opportunities. Traveling alone did not give me any magical power, but taught me that I have the competence to grow and succeed, just like everyone around me, and it helped me get rid of the self-doubt that used to hold me back.
22. What did the concert mean to the author
A. A comfort to his homesickness
B. A chance to meet a famous singer.
C. A turning point in his life-
A. An occasion to relax himself-
23. What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3
A. He benefited much from the day trips.
B. He developed an interest in photography.
C. He became an independent researcher
D. He was often ignored by other people
24. Which can best describe the authors performance at the conference
A. Inspiring. B. Active.
C. Skillful, D. Exciting.
25. What is the best title for the text
A. Further Study in Foreign Countries
B. A Combination of Travel and Research
C. A Bonus of My Research
D. The Road to Becoming Confident
C
No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
“We study spiking neural networks (尖峰神经网) , which are systems that learn much as living brains do,” said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. “We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development .”Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations (模拟)became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered.“ It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest，" said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise- These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group’s next goal is to apply their algorithm (算法）to Intel’s Loihi，a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
28, What did Watkins and her research team find
A. Neural networks are far from stable.
B. Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D, Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
29. What does the underlined word analogous" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Contrary. Beneficial-
C. Similar. D. Related-
30. Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi
A. To better update Loihi。
B. To make sure Loihi get enough sleeper To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D. To further confirm their discovery.
31. In which section of a website can we probably find the text
A. Electronics & Physics.
B. Mind & Brain.
C. Business & Industry.
D. Computers & Science.
D
China has been planting seaweed for about 1,700 years . Coastal populations harvested a variety of algae (藻类）first as a source of food and animal feed，but later for industrial and nutritional purposes as the practice became more widespread- Today, China remains the world’s biggest producer of farmed seaweed, but many other countries start to realize the potential of planting seaweed.
Certain red seaweed varieties contain up to 25% protein, but others are also rich in iron and other minerals. Seaweed planting becomes hot aquaculture (水产养殖业)which is now shooting up. In Alaska，where the largest seaweed farm in North America is located, farmers produced over 112,000 pounds of seaweed in 2019 一 a 200% increase from Alaska’s first commercial harvest in 2017. Occupying just a few acres, seaweed planting is economical, relatively simple and comes with a lot of environmental benefits.
Research shows that seaweed could play a key role beyond serving as a source of nutrients and food, but also in the fight against some of the worst problems： climate change and ocean pollution . Seaweed doesn’t need to be fed or fertilized (施肥)，as the crop gets everything it needs from sunlight and the natural nutrients already found in the ocean water. There are, of course, some disadvantages to seaweed farming. For example, overproducing seaweed could influence the amount of natural light available to other ocean species.In addition, technology for transporting, drying, and turning seaweed into biofuel and food can take up resources and give off CO2. It9s also possible that these crops could remove too many nutrients from the wild ecosystem.
However, as research continues to search into sustainable (可持续的）seaweed farming methods，we may discover that advantages win over disadvantages.
The economic value of dealing with nutrient pollution, for example, may reduce costs for wastewater treatment; the same goes for turning seaweed into biofuel，fertilizer, or fuel depending on water quality. The balance will come down to a combination of policy and scientific research .
32. Why does the author mention seaweed farming in Alaska
A. To show seaweed planting is growing fast.
B. To announce seaweed planting is eco-friendly.
C. To state seaweed is easy to plant across the world.
D. To prove seaweed planting has large economic benefits .
33. Which is the disadvantage of seaweed planting
A, Removing other ocean species
B. Consuming too many nutrients.
C. Taking up too much space.
D. Causing potential ocean pollution.
34. How is paragraph 3 mainly developed
A. By making a comparison.
B. By providing evidence
C. By using classifications.
D. By analyzing the background.
35. What can we infer about seaweed farming in the last paragraph
A. There are arguments over it^
B. Turning seaweed into fuel is necessary.
C. It needs joint efforts to improve.
D. Dealing with nutrient pollution costs a lot-
第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Biking offers a number of 11 life-changing11 benefits to its riders. It fights overweight and heart disease as well as building muscles . Switching up to cycling for the morning commute (通勤）reduces noise and air pollutants and cuts down on greenhouse gases. 36 Not to mention that cycling is cheaper than driving.
37 A bike company conducted a survey and found out that the number one thing preventing people from biking to work was M awareness of road safety". Sharing the road with cars can be dangerous. Omar Bakhshi, an app developer, experienced this first-hand when a car hit him, leaving him with an injury that affected his taste and smell for life. 38. That was why he set out to make the roads safer to share.
He started a company, Tether, to improve safety conditions for urban cyclists. Tether has developed a small smart sensor that goes on a bike’s handlebars. As the biker rides through the city, the device projects a “ safety zone" of lights onto the sidewalk. If cars get too close to the bikers personal space, the lights will start flashing. 39 .What makes Bakhshi’s device different to similar devices on the market is its smart features. Tether’s tool collects data from close encounters (相遇）with cars. The data is then organized into a central database, 40 .When biking and driving can both share road safety awareness, biking will become a beautiful sight in the city.
A. City biking is far from safe.
B. Bikers can go quickly and safely.
C. He realized that what happened to him wasn9t unusual.
D. In other words, it^ a clean and green way to get to work.
E. With all these advantages, why aren’t there many bikers on city roads
F. This can remind car drivers to pay attention to the rules of sharing the road.
G. Thus，bikers can access the information to determine which streets are safer for them^
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
One evening in 2010, Lennon and Carla gathered at the dinner table in Carles in Los Angeles. Lennon had just 41 there. She met Carla on her first day at work in the strange city. The two young women became close quickly after 42 they had something in common： Both were 43 with life after losing a close family member. Carla also 44 a few others who were grieving(悲伤)that evening. It was a night of deep conversation, 45 understanding each other and healing (治愈）hearts Each guest left believing they weren’t 46 .
Three years later, Lennon and Carla 47 .The Dinner Party to meet and understand people who have 48 deep loss . Since 2013，their nonprofit organization has helped bring together over 13，000 people to 49 their grief, ’’ There’s so much 50 when normal people hear the expression of grief， because they don’t know what to say，" Lennon says. "Then people suffering may think whatever they’re feeling is 51 ” She also learned there’s almost no 52 of death and grief among young adults, because they haven’t experienced such loss — making life especially 53 for those who have, Lennon found people are more likely to let down their 54 and tell their grief over a meal. That means the 55 of the healing. The Dinner Party allows people to check out 56 tables online and reserve one. They can also list themes they9re hoping to 57 before
meeting the tablets host. All hosts have received 58 from experts in the organization to make meaningful and powerful conversations. "One 59 we’ve seen in this is that people could admit they weren’t okay freely,"
Lennon says, “ I hope the condition 60 . ”
41. A. adapted B. drove C. moved D. visited
42. A. discovering B. believing C. expecting D. predicting
43. A. dealing B. competing C. struggling D. communicating
44. A. informed B. helped C. convinced D. invited ^
45. A. thoroughly B. clearly C. simply D. immediately
46. A. hopeless B. common C. alone D. afraid
47. A. held B. designed C. joined D. founded
48. A. gone through B. come across C. given away D. taken on
49. A, hide B. share C. overcome D. abandon
50. A. sympathy B. silence C. disagreement D. weakness
51. A. strange B. funny C. wrong D. strong
52. A. awareness B. choice C. concern D. discussion
53. A. pitiful B. tough C. unfair D. specific
54. A. doubt B. defense C. sadness D. curiosity
55. A. start B. influence C. success D. completion
56. A. temporary B. alternative C. useful D. available
57. A. challenge B. explore C. research D. stress
58. A. support B. reward C. training D. welcome
59. A. trend B. problem C. method D. chance
60. A. matters B. functions C. changes D. continues
第二节句子填空与翻译
Part I句子填空（每小题1分，满分21分）
61. Being a doctor can be a tiring and (stress) job，but all hard work will pay off.
62. The famous restaurant______ (以…为特色）Sichuan dishes and attracts a large number of hot spicy food addicts.
63. The market has shown an (每年的）growth rate of 20% for several years.
64. If you need more (detail)information, please contact me.
65. I got in touch with him (immediate) after I received the letter
66. This report offered the most specific and accurate (describe) of the problems,
67. With crowds of journalists (surround) him, he was at a loss what to say.
68. There’s a wide (select) of books in the library.
69. He’s universally recognised as an (权威人士）on Russian affairs.
70. Reading a book can be a (reward) experience for both of you.
71. (丧失）of sleep is a common problem in modem society, affecting many individuals at some point in their life.
72. The firefighters tried their best to save people (trap) in buildings.
73. During the first week, do not think about (distant), but run five minutes longer each day.
74. There’s a growing (recognize) that education does not end with graduation.
75. The dancers gave an (energy) and thrilling performance, which delighted the audience.
76. I’m sorry that I can’t attend your birthday party this Sunday, because the (month) test is around the comer.
77. Make sure that you apply the theory practice.
78. Around 13,500 new jobs were provided during the period， (make) lots of graduates find a suitable position.
79. His behaviour today makes me change my original (impress) of him.
80. Our new (策略）________will better meet our customers’ needs and increase the profit.
81. terms of extra tasks, how long will it take us to finish then.
Part 2句子翻译：（每小题3分，满分24分)
82. 更多的公路已经建成，使得人们的出行方便了（非谓语）
83. 我们总会有犯错误的时候，但真正重要的是从中汲取教训。（There will be times when...)
84. 如果天气许可的话，聚会将在花园里举行。（独立主格结构）
85. 尽管他是个孩子，但他对太空探索了解 很多。(as引导让步状语从句）
86. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气 ( the reason why...is that...)
87. 这么大热天让你的孩子们在外面闲逛不 是个好主意。（it作形式主语）
88. John背部受了伤，这可能使他参加不了明天的比赛.(定语从句）
89. 我希望你能给我简单介绍一下这项研究， 这样我就可以提前收集一下相关信息。（so that)
第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^ )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出 修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
My brother has been fond at building things since he was a kid. After earning a degree in computer science，he has developed software for different businesses. With his childhood dream in mind，he eventual quit the job and began to build 3-D printers. Having never taken some classes in electrical engineering or robotics, he found everything he was supposed know on the Internet. He often starts with some parts finding from online stores. The rest is trial observes the result. If it doesn’t work，he analyzes why or starts over. That’s not so different from what a scientist does an experiment. I admire him for his applying original idea to real-world problems. I hope he will succeed.
第二节书面表达(满分25分）
你校英语报正在开展”小行动，大温暖”的主题征文活动。请你以One meaningful deed为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.具体事例；
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你与好。
One meaningful deed
林州市重点中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月开学考试
英语试卷参考答案
文章大意:文章介绍了英国正在进行的独立宠物店奖，鼓励人们来提名他们最喜爱的宠物店。
21. D理解具体信息根据第一段的内容，尤其是” to champion the brilliant people who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops we love可知，设立独立宠物店奖的目的是表彰那些不辞辛劳地提供优质服务的宠物店店主。故选 D项。
22. B理解具体信息根据第二段中的” To motivate people to take part in the activity, Beco is giving away a dog basket worth 150 to five fortunate participants, n 可知，五个幸运的参与者将会得到价值150英镑的宠物篮。故选B项。此题不能 选A项，奖励不是150英镑，而是价值150英镑的宠物篮。
23. C理解具体信息根据文章最后一部分的内容，尤其Entry to the activity is restricted to one entry per person please.”可知，多次参加是被禁止的，是不符合参赛资格的。 故选C项。
二次精读 熟词生义:champion常用义:(尤指体育比赛中的）冠军，第一名 文章义:捍卫，维护She championed the cause of religious freedom.她捍卫宗教自由事业。
难句分析：This year，Beco，the UK’s leading pet brand，is launching the Independent Pet Shop
同位语
Awards to champion the brilliant people (who work tirelessly managing the independent pet shops
不定式作目的状语，其中who引导定语从句，managing,是动词-in
形式作伴随状语
we love).
译文:今年，英国领先的宠物品牌Beco推出了独立宠物店奖， 以表彰那些孜孜不倦地经营我们喜爱的独立宠物店的杰出人士。
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人经历—异地求学的成长经历
文章大意:作者在文章中讲述了自己异地求学的成长经历：由不适应、不自信和内向逐渐变得自信并积极参加各种活动。
24. C 推断根据第二段中的“It was a complete victory. I’ve changed a lot since then. ”可知，参加那场音乐会是"完全的胜利”，作者由此改变了很多。对他而言，这场音乐会是人生的一个转折点。故选C项。
25. A 推断根据第三段中的“My confidence and self-recognition grew as I enjoyed more local day trips. My growing self-confidence carried over to work， where I started to speak up and put forward my opinions . I began to ask questions during departmental discussions."可知，随着更多的一日游，作者更加自信了。在工作中，他也开始畅所欲言，在部门讨论时也敢于提问了。由此可知，作者从一日游中受益颇多。故选A项。
26. B推断根据第四段的内容，尤其是"Not only did I meet the speakers, but I also introduced myself … chatting about their products. ”可知，尽管作者的同事们对那个重要会议不感兴趣，但他却积极参加，并且表现得很活跃。故选B项。
27. D理解文章主旨要义本文主要讲述了作者如何由内向且有点胆小逐渐变得自信并积极参加各种活动。比较选项可知D项最合适。
二次精读 核心短语:shy away畏避;回避;躲避;避免做
out of place不得体;不适当；格格不入
carry over (在不同情况下）继续存在，保持下去
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科技发展-----人工智能也需要休息
文意大意:Watkins和她的团队发现人工智能在运行一段时间后也需要休息，这种休息带来的好处与睡眠给人类带来的好处类似。
28. B理解具体信息根据第一段中的"they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains”可知，研究团队发现人工智能也需要休息。故选B项。
29. C理解词汇根据第二段中的n It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night’s rest” 可知，这就好像是让神经网络睡了一宿的好觉。那么画线词所在的句子应该是 在讲：当他们将这些神经网络暴露在类似于人类大脑在睡眠时所经历的状态下时，它们的稳定性就恢复了。由此可知，画线词应该表示“类似的”。故选C项。
30．D 推断根据最后一段中的“They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time” 和” If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains”可知，研究团队把他们的算法运用到Loihi上 是为了进一步证实他们的发现。故选D项。
31. D推断通读全文可知，该文介绍了 Watkins和她的团 队的一项新研究，这项研究发现人工智能也需要休息。这应 属于计算机科学研究范畴之内，故选D项。
二次精读 难句分析:The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training,
动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰simulated neural networks
which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to.
which引导非限制性定语从句，其中providing…作介词without的宾语
译文:该小组最初在稳定模拟神经网络时遇到了困难，这些神经网络正在接受无人看管的字典训练，这涉及对物体进行分类，但没有提供例子让它们进行比较。
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——环境保护——海藻种植
文意大意:文章介绍了海藻种植的益处和弊端及其发展前景。
32. A 推断根据第二段中的"Seaweed planting becomes hot aquaculture(水产养殖业）which is now shooting up.” 可知，海藻种植成为一个热门的水产养殖业，目前正在迅速发展。作者紧接着以阿拉斯加海藻产量两年内上涨200%的事例加以说明。故选A项。
33. B理解具体信息根据第三段中的“ There are，of course, some disadvantages to seaweed farming. ” 和“these crops could remove too many nutrients from the wild ecosystem”可知，海藻种植也有一些弊端，其中一项是从生态系统中带走了太多的营养物质。故选B项。
34. A推断根据第三段的内容可知，其前半部分主要讲了海藻种植的益处，后半部分主要讲了海藻种植的弊端，前后存在对比关系。故选A项。
35. C 推断根据最后一段中的“ we may discover that advantages win over disadvantages. . . The balance will come down to a combination of policy and scientific research. ’’ 可知，海藻种植的益处大于弊端，而这一平衡将取决于政策和科学 研究的结合。由此可推知，需要共同努力来改善海藻种植的方法，实现利弊平衡。故选C项。
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科技发明——可以安装在自行车车把上的小型智能设备
语境概述:Omar Bakhshi的公司发明了一款可以安装在自行车车把上的小型智能设备，使骑行更安全。
36. D根据空前的“ reduces noise and air pollutants and cuts down on greenhouse gases"可知，骑自行车上班可以减少噪音和空气污染，减少温室气体的排放，也就是说这是一种绿色的上班方式，且空后也是在讲骑自行车的好处，故选D项。
37. E空后提到“ the number one thing preventing people from biking to work"，并且上一段主要讲了骑自行车的好处，由此可知，空处承上启下，应选E项”有这么多优势，为什么城市道路上骑自行车的人却不多呢 ”。
38. C空前讲的是Omar Bakhshi骑自行车时发生车祸的亲身经历，空后讲的是他为什么着手进行道路安全共享。由此可知，空处应该是讲Omar Bakhshi做决定的原因，故选C项“他意识到发生在他身上的事并不罕见”。
39. F根据上下文语境可知，如果汽车离骑自行车的人太近，灯就会开始闪烁，这可以提醒汽车司机注意道路共享的规 则，故选F项。
40. G空前讲的是数据会被整理进一个中央数据库，空后提到骑自行车和开车都能共享道路安全意识，由此可知，空处应该是讲数据和道路共享的安全意识如何联系起来，故选G 项"因此，骑自行车的人可以访问数据，以确定哪些街道对他们来说更安全"。
解题步骤:（1)快速扫读全文，注意首尾段文本大意和段落过渡，把握主旨大意和感彩。（2)查看选项大意，定义选项句子性质。（3)再次通读文章，挖空位置上下看一句，注意语义连接词，尝试填写答案。（4)将答案放入文本，揣摩语义表达是否合适，行文逻辑是否顺畅。
语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与公益 事业——宴会派对
行文脉络:文章讲述了 Lennon和Carla创建宴会派对的经过和宴会派对是如何帮助那些失去亲人的人走出悲伤的。
41. C根据下文中的" She met Carla on her first day at work in the strange city."可知，Lennon 刚刚搬到（moved)洛杉矶。 故选C项。
42. A根据下文内容可知，Lennon和Carla很快变得亲密起来，是因为发现（discovering)两人有一些共同之处。故选 八项。
43. C 根据下文中的“ after losing a close family member” 可知，她们在失去家人后应该是在挣扎着（struggling)生活。故选C项。
44. D根据下文中的“ Each guest left”可知，Carla也邀请了 (invited) —些和她们一样正在经历悲伤的人。故选D项。
45. A 根据下文中的“understanding each other and healing (治愈)hearts"可知，他们进行了深入的交谈，彻底了解彼此。 Thoroughly“完全地，彻底地"。
46. C 根据上文的内容尤其是“ It was a night of deep conversation, 45 understanding each other and healing (治愈)hearts.”可知，经过深人的交谈后，这些失去亲人的人在离开时都坚信自己并不孤单(alone)。故选C项。
47. D 根据下文中的“ Since 2013，their nonprofit organization"可知，Lennon 和 Carla 创立了（founded)宴会派对组织。故选D项。
48. A 根据上文中的"losing a close family member "和” grieving(悲伤）’’可知，这些人都有痛失亲人的经历。故选A 项。go through“ 经历” ；come across“偶然遇到”；give away”失去，赠送’’ ；take on“承担，呈现"。
49. B 根据上文中的“ to meet and understand people” 和“ helped bring together over 13，000 people” 可知，该非营利组织已经帮助了13 000多人，让他们分享（share)自己的悲伤。故 选B项。
50. B 根据下文中的"because they don’t know what to say"可铀，当别人倾诉自己的痛苦时，人们因不知道说什么而沉默不言。故选 B 项。sympathy “同情“ ; silence "沉默’’； disagreement"分歧” ;weakness“ 缺点“。
51. C根据上文的内容可知，听众沉默不言会让这些经历痛苦的人认为自己的感觉是不对的(wrong)。故选C项。
52. D 根据上文中的“ 49 their grief”和下文中的"because they haven‘t experienced such loss"
乎不会和别人分享或谈到死亡和悲伤这类的话题，因为他们没有经历过这样的失去。故选D项。Awareness“意识”;choice“选择“；concern”忧虑，关心“ ;discussion”讨论’’ 。
53. B根据语境可知，年轻人没有经历过亲人的去世，所以不会谈论死亡和悲伤。因此无人能和那些经历过失去的人分享悲伤，这就会让他们的生活更加艰难(tough) 。
54. B根据上文中的"let down"和下文中的“ tell their grief over a meal"可知，人们在一起用餐时会更容易放下防备 (defense)，彼此之间坦诚交流。故选B项。
55．A根据语境及常识可知，放下防备、坦诚交流意味着治愈的开始(start)。故选A项。
56．根据下文中的n and reserve one"可知，人们先从网上 查看可用的(available )桌位。故选D项。
57. B根据语境可知，人们可以在与主持人见面之前列出想要探讨(explore)的主题。故选B项。
58. C 根据下文中的“ from experts in the organization to make meaningful and powerful conversations"可知，每一张桌子的主持人都训练有素，他们知道怎样进行有意义和有影响力的对话。故选C项。Support“支持’’; reward“奖励";training ” 培训";welcome"欢迎”。
59. A 根据下文中的“people could admit they weren’t okay freely”可知，宴会派对呈现一种趋势(trend):在这里，人们坦诚交流，自由地承认自己过得并不好。故选A项。
60. D根据语境可知，Lennon希望宴会派对继续（continue)发挥这样的作用。故选D项。
61. stressful 62. features
63. annual 64. detailed
65. immediately 66.description
67. surrounding 68.selection
69. authority 70. rewarding
71. Loss 72. trapped
73. distance 74. recognition
75. energetic 76. monthly
77. to 78.making
79. impression 80.strategy
81.In
82. More highways have been built，making it convenient for people to travel.
83. There will always be times when we make mistakes, but learning from them really matters.
84. The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.
85. Child as he is9 he knows a lot about space exploration.
86. The reason why we have to plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
87. lt isn’t a good idea to leave your children getting around outdoors on such a hot day.
88. John has a back injury that may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.
89. I hope you could give me a brief introduction of the research so that I can gather some relevant information in advance.
语篇类型:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事— 喜欢建筑的哥哥
考点分布:介词1个，时态1个，副词1个，限定词1个，非谓语动词2个，主谓一致1个，连词1个，宾语从句连接词1个，名词 1个。
My brother has been fond at building things since he
of be fond of为固定搭配
was a kid. After earning a degree in computer science, he has
删除has此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时
developed software for different businesses. With his childhood
dream in mind，he eventual quit the job and began to build
eventually此处修饰整个句子，应用副词
3-D printers. Having never taken some classes in electrical
any否定句中表示"一些"时通常用any
engineering or robotics, he found everything he was supposed
^ know on the Internets He often starts with some parts
to be supposed to do sth.为固定搭配，意为"应该做某事"
finding from online stores. The rest is trial and error. He
found 此处作定语修饰前面的”some parts"，且与some parts为逻辑上的动宾关系
comes up with a design idea, test it and observes the result.
tests主语为He，故此处应用动词的第三人称单数形式
If it doesn’t work，he analyzes why or starts over. That’s not
and 该句为肯定句且” analyzes why"和” starts over"为顺承关系
so different from what a scientist does an experiment, I
how从句不缺少成分，故从句引导词应为连接副词
admire him for his applying original idea to real - world problems.
ideas根据语境可知，此处应为复数
I hope he will succeed .
范文赏读： One meaningful deed
It was the first day of the summer vacation. I，together with my parents, went to visit my grandparents. My parents bought a smartphone for them as a surprise. As expected , they were delighted but they were unfamiliar with how to use it(“疑问词 + 不定式结构作宾语).I decided to be their teacher. They looked like excited children when I taught them.
Now，every time I miss my grandparents (every time 引导时间状语从句），I give them a video call. We chat and share the happy moments around us. Obviously , the smartphone has brought us in close contact with each other.
A small action can make a big difference. Love our grandparents while there are opportunities( while 引导时间状语从句). It’s never too late to accompany them(too… to…结构）.
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