外研版九年级英语下册Module 3 Life now and then教案
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Module 3 Now and then
I. Teaching goals 模块教学目标
Skill Focus 听 Listen to the dialogue about life today and 50 years ago.
说 Talk about the life today and in the past
读 Read articles about life in the past
写 Compare people’s life today and in the pastWrite sentences with advantages and disadvantages about people’s lifeWrite about the life of your own family
LanguageFocus 功能句式 Talking about life: The advantage is that we know more about medicine today. P18We’re better at preventing illness. P18But people don’t eat as well as in the past, and don’t take as much exercise as they did. P18Faster transport also makes more pollution. P18And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy. P18
词汇 1．重点词汇 debate illness prevent medicine suppose relaxed eldest married get married couple diet disease 2．短语as a result instead of grow up each other have to do one’s best free time next month fall off lead a …life
语法 The positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
重点句子 Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago P18The most important difference is that people are healthier today and they live longer than they did in the past. P18But people don’t take as much exercise as they did. P18People walk or use their bikes less, and they are lazier. P18I really want to do my best. P18
II. Teaching material analyzing 教材分析
本模块以“life”为话题，以学习“现在和过去生活”的对比为主线，介绍了现在生活和过去生活的优与劣。通过模块学习，学生将重点掌握形容词的比较级和最高级，并能运用所学知识对周围事物和人进行比较。
Unit 1 通过听、读、说训练，要求学生了解五十年后生活的变化，初步学习两者之间进行比较的方法。
Vocabulary and listening
Activity 1要求学生看图，然后两人一组谈论现在和过去的生活。Activity 2要求学生听录音，利用所给词汇回答问题，并通过再次听录音检查答案，从而对Activity 3 的对话有一个准备。Activity 3听读一段Betty and his mum 关于对现在和过去生活进行对比的对话，在让学生了解50年生活变化的同时，学习一些关于比较的句式。Activity 4根据对话内容选择最佳答案。Activity5要求学生学习对话，学会分类提取重要信息来完成表格。Activity6根据对话内容完成句子。
Pronunciation and speaking
Activity 7 要求学生听录音，注意重读的单词。Activity 8 要求学生自己朗读句子，标出认为需要重读的单词，并听录音检查自己是否读得正确。Activity 9两人一组活动，就所列举的方面谈论50年前后的生活变化，加强对形容词比较级的理解和运用。
Unit 2. 通过读、写训练，学习谈论过去的生活状况，学会用事实来支持论点。
Reading
该单元共设计了7个活动。Activity 1看图，运用所给词说说图中woman生活的变化。Activity 2通过阅读关于Mrs. Li 的过去生活的文章，来让学生了解他们奶奶爷爷辈的生活。Activity 3要求学生两人一组讨论Mrs. Li那辈人生活的优缺点。Activity 4通过深入理解课文找出所给事实需要表明的观点。
Writing
Activity 5要求学生继续阅读相关文章和对话，对五十年生活变化的优劣进行讨论写作，要有正反观点并要有支持各自观点的依据。Activity 6要求学生能把Activity 5中的论点和例证连起来，同时运用合适的连词，使文章紧凑又有逻辑。Activity 7要求学生以“Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago ”为题，运用讨论的观点和例证，采取正确合理的句式，下笔成文。
Unit 3 对形容词的比较级和最高级这一语法项目以及今昔生活的对比的话题进行综合训练。
Activity1根据所给形容词，选用其正确形式进行填空。Activity 2运用所给词汇对两幅图进行对比，进一步练习功能句型。Activity 3把所给的单词进行归类。Activity 4通过看图和课文阅读来了解过去生活的艰辛，并找出三个使过去生活艰辛的例子。Activity 5 再读Activity4的文章，找出所提问题的原因。Activity 6. 听录音完成表格。 Activity 7. 根据听力材料中所听到的信息，写一篇短文比较他们的生活。
Around the world 介绍了Dr. Barnardo资助贫困儿童上学的事迹。
Module Task就孩子是否应该工作这一话题组织小组进行辩论。
Activity 8 小组活动，以“小孩不应该干活”为主题,进行辩论。Activity 9 学生分出正方和反方准备辩论。Activity 10 进行辩论。Activity 11 写出你作为正方或反方的陈述。
III．Class types and periods 课型设计与课时分配
Period 1 Listening and speaking
Period 2 Reading and writing
Period 3 Language in use
Period 4 Integrating skills
IV. Teaching plans for each period分课时教案
Period 1 Listening and speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
Advantage composition environment free time homework illness law personal population prevent protect safety
b. Key sentences 重点句子
There were not so many cars as they are today.
People are healthier today and they live longer than they did in the past.
We know more about medicine today.
But people don’t eat as well as in the past, and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to listen to, read and talk about how life has changed using the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives..
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to talk about how life has changed using the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening and speaking. Explanation and discussion
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
How to compare the life now and then.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠWarming up and lead-in
In this procedure, try to make students talk about the differences between the past life and the present life.
Show some pictures on the screen:
T: Good morning! Boys and girls. A new day begins. But I want to show you some old pictures of a city. Please look at Picture 1 and Picture 2. Can you guess which city it is
Ss: Beijing.
T: Good! You are clever. The two pictures are about Beijing in the 1950s. The third picture, please look! How beautiful the city is! Do you know its name
Ss: It’s also the picture about Beijing. Wow, it has changed a lot.
T: Picture 3 is about Beijing today. Many changes have taken place in Beijing in the past 50 years. Can you say out the differences Work in pairs, talk about the photos. What was life like in the past and what is life like today
Encourage students to work in pairs and make conversations like this:
A: What was life like in the past？
B: There weren’t so many cars as there are today.
A: What is life like today
B: There are more buildings today.
Or: let the students see a short movie about the life in the past and compare it with the life today.
T: Is it the same as the life today What’s the difference
Ss: Of course, it isn’t the same as the life today. There is much more traffic and the city is more beautiful now.
T: Do you like the life in the movie Why
S1: The life in the movie makes me think a lot. We should learn from their spirit. But I like the life today better because it’s more convenient.
S2: From the movie, we can see that the life in the past was much harder. We should worker harder today to make our city more beautiful.
T: Do you want to know more about the changes Do you know the advantages and disadvantages of the changes Let’s begin to learn Unit 1.
Step II. Vocabulary and listening
T: Before we read the conversation, it’s necessary for us to learn some new words. So let’s play a guessing game. I say the words and its English explanation. And you tell me the Chinese meaning of these words. OK
Ss: OK!
T: Advantage: something useful or helpful. Something which can bring success.
Ss: 优点；好处。
T: Right! Composition: exercise in writing by one who is learning a language.
Ss: 作文
T: Environment: surroundings
Ss: 环境
T: Free time: the time you can do what you want.
Ss: 自由时间
T: Homework: a work that a pupil is required to do in the evening at home and take to his teachers at school.
Ss: 作业
T: Illness: state of being ill.
Ss: 疾病
T: Law: rule made by authority.
Ss: 法律
T: Personal: private; individual; on one’s own
Ss: 个人的；私人的。
Pollution: making dirty
Prevent: stop or hinder
Protect: keep safe; guard
Safety: being safe; freedom from danger.
T: Well done! I think you are very happy to learn like this. Now listen to the tape and answer the questions. Use the words and the expressions in Activity 2 to help you.
Question1: What’s for homework
Question2: What’s the title
Question3: What does Betty ask about
Question4: What does Daming ask about
Question5: Does Mr. Jackson agree
(Use PPT to make a flash)
Check the answers together. (If the students have some trouble to get the answers, they can listen to the tape once again.)
Step III. Listening and reading.
Listening
T: Have you got such homework like Betty and Daming How will you finish your homework What do you think of your homework like this Now listen to Betty. She has nearly finished a composition. And she is talking about it with her mother. Listen and answer the questions.
Question 1: What’s the title of Betty’s composition
Question 2: What does she think of the life today
After the listening, the teacher may check the answers with the whole class.
T: The title of her composition is...
Ss: “Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
T: What does she think of the life today
Ss: She thinks it’s better.
T: This time you will listen to the dialogue again and choose the best answer for each question in Activity 4.
Let the students listen three times. For the first time, let them try to choose the best answer. For the second time, pause at each question in order to help them find the right answer. For the third time, let them listen as a whole to check their answers.
The answers: a a b b c
Reading
T: Read the dialogue about Betty and her mother. Then complete the table and write notes. You can work in groups.
The sample answers to Activity 5:
Advantages Disadvantages
Personal health People are healthier and live longer that they did in the past.
Medicine People know more about medicine and are better at preventing illness. People don’t eat as well as in the past and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
Transport People walk or use their bikes less and public transport is much better today. People are lazier. Faster transport also makes more pollution. And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy.
Work People don’t have to work as hard as they worked 50 years ago. People don’t have too much free time. School children today work harder.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Read the dialogue carefully again, and complete the sentences in your own words in Activity 6.
Then check the answers with the whole class.
The possible answers to Activity 6:
1. Because it’s late, Betty’s mum thinks that Betty should go to bed.
2. Betty is working late in order to finish her composition.
3. Betty’s mum thinks we know more about medicine, although people don’t eat as well as in the past and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
4. Betty reminds her mum that she is going on the school trip next month.
5. Betty’s mum thinks that Betty’s school trip and theatre visit will make her more relaxed and less nervous before her exams.
After finishing the exercises, the teacher should let the students read aloud in pairs and then act it out.
Step Ⅳ Pronunciation and speaking
In this procedure, get the students listen, read after the tape and learn to underline the words which they think the speaker will stress.
a. Activity 7
1. Play the tape only to listen for the first time.
2. Play the tape again to read after it.
3. Learn to say these sentences without listening to the tape.
b. Activity 8
Underline the words which the students think the speaker will stress.
The sample answer:
Yes, I agree. People walk or use their bikes less, and they’re lazier. Faster transport also makes more pollution. And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
Listen and check. As you listen, say the passage aloud.
c. Activity 9
Work in pairs. Talk about the answer to the question.
Is life today better or worse that it was 50 years ago
Say what’s better or worse in:
At home education entertainment environment life medicine transport work
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Just now Betty and her mother talked about the life today and the life in the past. Can you talk about the same question to compare what’s better or worse in the life at home, education ….and so on
Discuss the question with your groups. And try to write down your opinion and your partner’s opinion.
The sample dialogue:
S1: Do you think life today is better or worse than it was 50 years ago
S2: I think the life today is better. We have better education. Especially we girls have the same opportunity as boys in education. What about you
S1: I also think it’s better. We have more entertainments and they are more interesting.
S2: And there is so much more traffic today and it’s more convenient. But at the same time, faster transport also makes more pollution.
S1: In the past, we know less about medicine, but now we know more about medicine.
……
Step Ⅴ Homework
1. Make an interview of your parents to ask something about their ideas of the differences between the life today and in the past. Take down what they said.
2. Preview Unit 2
Period 2 Reading and writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
eldest, married, couple, diet, fall off, get married
b. Key sentences 重点句子
Families have changed a lot since I was young.
These days people change their jobs much more often.
My mother never bought ready-made food as people do today.
There are lots more buildings and so much more traffic.
I am healthier than I’ve ever been.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to read and understand the passage” Life in the past.” Enable student to write a composition about the changes in the past 50 years including the main points and the examples.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to write a composition about the changes in the past 50 years including the main points and the examples.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Reading and writing. Explanation and giving examples.
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
How to write an argument using the main points and the examples.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
StepⅠWarming up and lead-in
In this procedure, get the students look at the photos and talk about the changes.
T: Morning, everyone! How is it going
Ss: Not bad.
T: Here is a photo of an old woman, Mrs. Li. She is over 70 years old. She has lived in Beijing all her life. Look at the photo, how do you think life has changed for her These words can help you: family, health, life in Beijing, marriage, the role of women, work.
S1: I think the families were much bigger in the past. My grandmother have six children, but I am the only child.
S2: I think she is healthier today.
S3: There is much more traffic. I think she walks less and takes the bus more.
S4: In the past, their parents helped her find the husband, but now, the love is free.
S5: In the past, most women stayed at home to do housework, but now women can go out to work.
T: Well done! Is what you said the same as what is written in this passage Let’s learn “Life in the past”.
Step II. Reading
a. let the students read the passage and do Activity 2.
T: This passage is about an old woman’s life in the past. It’s written from the aspects listed in Activity 1. Now, read the passage and write notes about Mrs. Li’s answers to the ideas in Activity 1.
For example: family: bigger families, less money
The sample notes:
health: healthier, live longer, eat better
life in Beijing: much better, more buildings, so much more traffic, walk less and take the bus more.
marriage: in the past, parents choose partners for their children; now, children choose partners for themselves
the role of women: in the past , women stayed at home; now, they go out to work
work: in the past, do the same job all one’s working life; now, change jobs more often
b. Let the students read paragraphs by paragraphs to know some details.
T: Read Paragraph1 and answer the questions:
Show the questions on the screen:
Paragraph1: Family
Question1: Where did Mrs. Li’s family live
Question2: What did she think of her family
Question3: When did her eldest sister leave school
Question4: What does she think of the family in the past and today
Two minutes later
T: Are you ready to answer my questions
Ss: Yes.
S1. In a small house beside a restaurant.
S2. They weren’t very rich but they were happy.
S3. At the age of 12.
S4. In the past, families were much bigger. Most people had lots of children. Today most people only have one child and the families are small.
T: Good! You have known the main idea of the paragraph. Next, I will explain some language points. Please take good notes.
Language points:
the eldest child老大
old 有两种比较级和最高级: older, oldest; elder, eldest
说明： elder, eldest虽然是old的一种比较级和最高级形式，但一般只用作定语，表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，elder不能与than连用表示比较。
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Let’s read paragraph 2 and fill in the blanks:
Show on the screen:
Paragraph2: Work and the role of women
Mrs. Li’s father ________ to work for ________hours a day. He never _______ his job in his life. But now people change their jobs ___________. Mrs. Li’s mum was a _________ before she met Mrs. Li’s father. After marrying, she had to ________ at home to ____________ the children. Today it is ___________ for many married women ___________ to work. But in the past, it was _______________.
Answers:
went out, 12, changed, much more often, teacher, stay, look after, normal, to go out, less common
Language point in this paragraph
1. a full-time job 全职工作 反义词： a part-time job 兼职工作
2. normal 正常的
3. less common 不常见
说明：这也是一种比较级，如果表达A方不如B方可用三种句式：
1） A+谓语的否定式+形容词（或副词）比较级+than + B
This room isn’t bigger than mine.
He doesn’t run faster than his brother.
2） A+谓语+less+形容词（或副词）的原形+than+B
I am less tall than he.
He does his homework less carefully than his brother.
3） A+谓语的否定句+so(as)+形容词（或副词）的原级+as+B
Mrs. Brown is not so / as old as she looks.
It doesn’t rain so/ as often in Xi’an as in Wuhan.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Read paragraph3 and complete the table:
Show the table on the screen
Paragraph3: Life in Beijing
Food at home Things to do at home
In the past
today
The possible answers are:
Food at home Things to do at home
In the past Three times a dayEat enoughFreshly cookedMuch better Played gamesRead a lotHelped the younger brother with his homework in the evenings
today Buy ready-made food Have televisionWatch TV in the evenings
1. Language point:
2. enough adj. 足够的 通常放在名词前修饰名词。如：
He has enough money to buy this book.
adv. 足够地 通常放在被修饰词的后面。如：
The room is big enough to hold 100 people.
2. freshly cooked 新做的,现做的
3. ready-made food 现成的食物，预先制成的食物
T: Let’s turn to Paragraph 4. Read it and choose the right answers:
Show the questions on the screen:
Paragraph 4: Marriage
1. Mrs. Li first met her husband ____ years ago. (50, 60)
2. Mrs. Li’s husband helped her carry the ________when she fell off the bike. (books, bags )
3. Mrs. Li’s parents thought her husband came from a _____ family. (good, rich )
4. Mrs. Li married her husband at the age of _________. (19. 20)
5. Now most couples meet __________ (at work, in the street).
The answers are: 1. 60 2. bags 3. good 4. 19 5. at work
Language point:
1. fall off 从…摔下来 He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday.
2. get married 结婚
3. couple 夫妻
T: Read Paragraph 5 and judge the statement is true or false.
Show the statement on the screen:
Paragraph5: Life in Beijing
Mrs. Li often walks and takes the bus less to keep healthy.
The answer is: False
Language point:
1. lots more / much more 形容词（或副词）的比较级可用much, lots, a little, even, still等词修饰。
T: Read the last paragraph and choose the best answer.
Show the question on the screen:
Paragraph 6: Health
Mrs. Li thinks life is better today because ____________________.
A. She is not poor any longer.
B. She has more free time.
C. She is healthier and lives longer.
D. She walks less and takes the bus more.
The answer is: C
Language point:
One day I’ll be talking to your own grandchildren.
有一天我会正与你的儿孙交谈呢！
说明：这句话不用详细讲解，只要能翻译大意就行。这是将来进行时。
Step Ⅲ Reading skills.
In this procedure, the teacher should teach the students some reading skills.
T: Read this sentence from the passage. It’s an example of a main point. Let’s learn how to find a main point from some sentences.
Example: My parents, my sister and three brothers lived in a small house beside a restaurant.
Main point: Families were bigger in the past.
Now choose the correct main point for these examples from the passage.
1. My sister … left school when she was only 12 …
a) The school leaving age was lower in the past.
b) My sister no longer wanted to go to school.
2. Looking after us was a full-time job, so she stayed at home.
a) It wasn’t necessary for the mother to work.
b) Married women were too busy at home to continue working.
3. … my mother never bought ready-made food as people do today.
a) The food we eat today isn’t as healthy as it was.
b) There wasn’t any fast food in the past.
4. My parents liked him, and thought he came from a good family …
a) Parents usually decided who their children married.
b) People from good families were always kind.
5. Yes, there are lots more buildings and so much more traffic!
a) There was less traffic in the past.
b) Cars are cheaper today.
The answers are: 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. a, 5. a
说明：做阅读时要了解一些重要句子的内在涵义和其想表达的主要要点，不需要一字一句翻译。
Learning to learn: 选择你需要关注的内容是一种重要的语言学习技巧。比如说，你在做听力或阅读前，你需要先仔细读读提示或说明。当你做听力或阅读时，一个很好的方法是把你的注意力锁定在你需要的信息，而不是尝试去理解每个词。
Step Ⅳ Writing.
In this procedure, get the students learn some writing skills about an argument.
Pre-writing:
T: Read the passage in Activity 2 and the conversation in Unit 1, Activity 3. You’re going to write a composition. The title is:
Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
T: Before you write it, you must write down main points for the composition. For example:
Main point: People are healthier and live longer.
You also need to write down an example of each main point such as:
Example: Mrs. Li says we live longer toady.
Then you can write down an opposite point to each main point and give an example of each opposite point.
For example: Opposite point: Pollution makes people less healthy.
Example: Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
Students can work in pairs, groups to discuss. Try to get more main points and more opposite points. Give each point an example.
T: After getting so many points and the examples. Let’s join them together with “For example”.
People are healthier and live longer. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer today.
Now join the main points and their opposite points with “However” or “On the other hand”.
People are healthier and live longer. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer today. However, pollution makes people less healthy. For example, Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
Writing:
T: Now you can begin your composition with the title. Next, add your main points, examples and opposite points. At last, you can finish the composition with your conclusion or opinion like this:
In conclusion, I think life today is ….
The sample composition:
Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
Generally speaking, the life today is better than it was 50 years ago. But on the other hand, it has its disadvantages.
Parents are less tired to support the family and educate their child. For example, today most people only have one child. However, their children are more tired. For example, two children have to look after four old people in the future.
People are healthier and live longer today. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer. However, pollution makes people less healthy. For example, Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
It’s more convenient now. For example, there is so much more traffic and the traffic is faster. However, there is more pollution. For example, faster transport makes more pollution.
Today people’s life is more colorful. For example, they can take part in all kinds of parties and watch more programs. However, it influences the work. For example, they spend too much time on TV.
In conclusion, I think the life today is much better. But, at the same time we should think about some disadvantages and try our best to get rid of them.
StepⅤHomework:
1. Finish writing the composition.
2. Preview Unit 3 “Language in use”.
Unit 3 Language in use
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
diet, lead a … life, disease
b. Grammar point: 语法点
The usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to master the usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to use the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs correctly.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explanation and giving examples. Asking and answering. Practicing
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
Help the students master the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
Step I. Warming up and lead-in
In this procedure, let the students master the usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives. (Some pictures and real objects should be used here)
T: Please look at the two rulers. (One is red and the other is blue.)
Which is longer, the red one or the blue one
Ss: The red one is, I think.
T: Yes, we can also say like this: The red one is longer than the blue one. I say three big cities: Chongqing, Baoding and Shanghai. Please tell me which is the biggest city in China
Ss: Of course, Shanghai is the biggest.
T: Which subject do you think is more difficult, English or maths
S1: I think English is more difficult.
S2: I think math is more difficult.
T: Is today warmer than it was yesterday
Ss: No, it’s cooler than it was yesterday.
T: Is football more popular than volleyball in China
Ss: No, we don’t think so.
Get the students practice like this in pairs or in groups or the whole class
T: I can see you are very active. Are you interested in it
Ss: Yes, we think it is very interesting, especially we can do it with some real facts.
T: OK! But there are some items for you to pay attention to. Let’s learn together.
Step II. Grammar.
a. Learn the comparative and the superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbials.
比较级的句型：
比较常见的句型有：
1）比较级+than 例如：
Health is more important than wealth.
He got up earlier than I did this morning.
2）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…… 例如：
He is growing more and more impatient.
Our life is getting better and better.
3) The+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越…… 例如：
The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.
The more he talked, the more excited he grew.
同极比较
同级比较一般采用as…as…句型，否定句可以用not so/as…as…表示。例如：
He is as tall as his brother.
He runs as fast as Liu Xiang.
I can’t get up so early as you.
最高级句型
常见的最高级句型有：
1）the+最高级+of / in… 例如：
He is the most diligent student in his class.
Of all his novels I like this one best.
2) 选择疑问句 例如：
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill
3) 被定语从句所修饰的先行词
He is the most diligent student I have ever seen.
比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或词前。常见的比较级修饰语有much, still, a lot, even, three years, five times, far…等。例如：
People worked much harder then.
b. Doing Exercises
T: You have got more details about the grammar. Now, please do Activity 1 and Activity 2.
The answers to Activity 1 are omitted.
The sample answers to Activity 2:
There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.
The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer.
The streets are much wider.
The environment is much better.
I can see people are much busier than before.
The life is much better than before.
There are more shops than before.
Step III. Reading
In this procedure, let the students have some reading training.
a. The passage in Activity 4
T: Read the passage in Activity 4 on Page 23 and find three examples of things that made life harder in the past than it is today.
Give the students some minutes to prepare for the task.
T: Is it easy to find the three examples
Ss: No, it’s a little difficult. But, we will have a try.
S1: The life in the past was harder in Victorian Britain. For example, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. A whole street had to share one outside toilet.
S2: It was harder in the past. The pollution from factories covered the streets. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many diseases.
S3: In those times, life was harder for children. They didn’t always go to school, because they had to work. They did dangerous and unhealthy jobs for little money. Many were hurt in accidents from the machines.
T: I am very happy you have used your heads. Next task: Read the passage again and find the reasons for the sentences in Activity 5. You can discuss in groups.
Give the students some minutes to discuss, and then check the answers with the whole class.
T: Now begin: How do you know that families were big in Victorian times
S4: Often, there were five children in one family.
T: How do you know that many houses were small
S5: They lived very close to each other, with no space for children to play and they had to sleep in houses of just two rooms.
T: How do you know that there was no indoor toilet for each house
S6: A whole street had to share one outside toilet.
T: How do you know that people weren’t healthy
S7: Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy and there were many diseases.
T: How do you know children didn’t go to school
S8: Because they had to work hard. Many children started work in factories when they were only 12 hours old.
T: How do you know factory work was dangerous
S9: Because many children were hurt in accidents from the machines.
Some difficult points: (show them on the screen)
be interested to do something
thousands of people hundreds of millions of
instead of something/instead of doing something
close to: near The sound of gun was much closer to us.
as a result as students as you know as everybody is here etc
very little only a little very few only a few
be pleased/ glad to do something be pleased/ glad that clause
b. Around the world
T: Now another passage about Dr Barnardo whose homes for poor children are very famous. Please read it and then do some exercises.
Show the exercises on the screen:
1. Write down the things which happened in the following years:
1) in 1870: Thomas Barnardo opened his first homes for children without parents.
2) in 1905: Thomas Barnardo died.
2. Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
In 1870, Thomas Barnardo studied medicine and he lived near the hospital. While he was studying, he taught at a school for poor children. He found out that many children at the school had no parents and no homes, so he raised money and bought a house for them as a school and home.
3. Judge true or false.
Now, there are no Barnardo’s homes, so no one help children and families. (F)
Now, although there are no Barnardo’s homes, the charity continues to help children and families.
Step Ⅳ Listening and writing
Listening
T: Listen to the tape and complete the table in Activity 6. Listen to the first time only to get the main idea, the second time listen to write down the required information about Grandmother and Mother and the third time listen to check the answers.
After the listening, ask some students read out their answers. The teacher must make sure that all the students can understand the material in the listening and write down the notes because they will be used in Activity 7.
Writing
T: Now, you have had the required information about Grandmother and Mother, which is enough for you to write a passage comparing their lives.
The grandmother had 8 brothers and sisters so she had a bigger family. She started school when she was older, but she left school earlier…
Step Ⅴ Module task
1. Work in groups. Read the subject of the debate.
Children should never work
2. Decide who is for the subject of the debate and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas :
For:
Extra money for the family
Stop children from being bored
Teach children the value of work
Help children to become independent
Against:
Work is for adults, not children
Children need to concentrate on learning.
Conditions of work not suitable for young people
Families and employers not treat children fairly.
The students can be divided into two halves and several groups. According to their willingness.
3. Prepare your opinions for or against the subject of the debate.
4. Have a debate.
﹡Those for the subject give their opinions.
﹡Those against the subject give their opinions.
﹡Take turns to say what you think.
﹡Write down a summary of the opinions for and against.
﹡Have a vote. Are most people for or against the subject
At last ask each team to give the conclusion to the whole class.
5. Write down the argument for or against the statement.
Sample argument 1: Children Should Work
In my group, we think Children should work. The reasons are as follows. First, they can earn extra money. Because some families are very poor, if children work, the life will be better. Second, it can stop children from being bored. By working, children can get much fun. Third, it can teach children the value of work. By working, they can know it’s not important to make money and they can feel the sense of achievement. Fourth, it can help children to become independent. Because they can learn to solve the problems in work and make money by themselves.
Sample argument 2: Children Should Never Work
The people in my group think children should never work. There are also four reasons. First, work is for adults, not children. Children should study hard. Second, Children should concentrate on learning. If children worked, their learning would be influenced. Third, the conditions of work are not suitable for young people. Maybe the work is too hard and the relationships among people are too complicated. Fourth, families and employers may not treat children fairly. Children are so young, so they can be looked down upon and deceived.
Step Ⅵ Homework
1. Write a short passage comparing the life in the past and today.
2. Revise the usage of usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
Teaching resources教学资源库
ⅠLife in the 1950’s
Life in the 1950’s was simple. Some say it was the best time in American History, although I would suggest that could be true for most White Americans but not completely true for Black Americans.
Segregation and racism was still part of life and although there were some major changes to erase both like in 1954, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled segregation in public schools were unconstitutional, there were still problems forcing blacks to take drastic measures for equality and inclusion like in 1955, when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus.
For many Americans, the wars and the depression were a distant memory and the country was feeling good about itself. Most Americans trusted the government and believed in politicians. Society was experiencing growth, economically and socially, and new ideas of prosperity and success for families and the country as a whole were taking shape.
Jobs were mainly industrial and agricultural, most men worked in blue-collar jobs and there was an increase in the need for secretarial work, which allowed for some women to work outside of the home.
In the 1950’s, television was becoming more and more a part of everyday life, more families had televisions in their homes and AM radio was also becoming more popular, along with the advent of 45 records, jukeboxes, and eventually albums.
Music was expanding; the sound of rock and roll was creeping into the mainstream with the help of radio and television and teenagers were experiencing more independence and freedom than what their parents had as teenagers.
However, life in the early 1950’s was still very strict. Women were still obligated to the status of housewife and men were the main breadwinners in the family. Children, including teenagers, were to be seen and not heard but by the mid-1950’s, that was becoming more difficult because of newfound freedoms, rock and roll music, and other outlets teenagers had available to them.
Changes in clothing styles, specifically for teens, started to appear. Guys started wearing their hear longer with sideburns and slicked back with grease. They also wore jeans and leather jackets (with the collar turned up to be “cool”) and the girls wore ponytails, poodle skirts, pedal pushers, and scarves.
Prior to the 1950’s, clothing worn by young people was very reserved and proper but to some extent that changed in the 50’s. For example, poodle skirts were popular with females for a couple of reasons.
The first is that the skirt allowed for easier dancing, being spun around letting the skirt twirled. The next reason is that the skirt was loose and free, a sign of freedom. Leather jackets, cut-off shirts, and slicked back hair allowed the boys to appear as “cool.”
Popular celebrities were very influential, kids wanted to be just like Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, and Ricky Nelson to name a few. One thing to note is that the popular size for women back in the 1950’s is much different than it is today. Curves were popular; those with bigger bust and smaller waistlines like Marilyn Monroe were in style.
Popular television shows were I Love Lucy, The adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, and Superman to name a few. Sock hops, (dance hops), hula hoops, and cruising were very popular among young people and popular slang were words like squares, chicks, be bop, threads, keen, back seat bingo (kissing in the back seat), kill (impress), and cat (a cool person).
Although, young people were experiencing more freedom and independence they were, for the most part, still respectable to adults and they still were dignified and decent.
Children still obeyed parents. Females were still expected to act a certain “ladylike” way and males were still expected to act like gentlemen. Sex was taboo, premarital sex was not accepted and if a girl found herself “in the family way” (a slang for pregnant) many times she was shipped off to live with relatives or admitted to some special school for girls.
Although, times were changing, major changes didn’t take place until the 1960’s, which saw a shift in morals, attitudes, family life, race relations, and overall feelings about the government. To many, this is why the 1950’s are seen as the best time, when families and morals were intact and times were much simpler and enjoyable.
Ⅱ 形容词 副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级，比较级，最高级。
A. 构成：
1. 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词:
一般情况: 加er, est 如：clever-cleverer-cleverest
以字母e结尾： 加r, st 如：nice-nicer-nicest
重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时：双写加 er, est 如：
big-bigger-biggest
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est 如：early-earlier-earliest
部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most
如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly
2.不规则变化，须熟记：
good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least
B.常见的使用情况
1. as … as … 和...一样（中间用原级）
2. not as (so) … as 和...不一样（中间用原级）
3… than …. ..比...（用比较级）
4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的
e.g. Winter is the coldest season of the year.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越……
e.g.: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…...
e.g. The more, the better. 越多越好
C. 注意点：
1.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略。
2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。
3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
e.g. The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
D.掌握三种同义句转换：
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
=He is the tallest (student) in his class.
2. This film is less interesting than that one.
=This film isn’t as interesting as that one.
=That film is more interesting than this one.
3. I prefer math to English.
=I like math better than English.
【考点直击】
形容词和副词
1. 形容词的用法；
2. 副词的用法；
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；
4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
【名师点睛】
1. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）
The fish went bad. （作表语）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）
(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，形容词放在这些词之后。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film
(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词的句子成分及分类。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full of joy. （作定语）
When will you be back （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies
Where were you yesterday
Why did you do that
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：
Mr. Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较
级。例如：
Our teacher is taller than we are.
The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示 “极,很,非常, 十分”。
It’s most dangerous to be here.
在这儿太危险。
(3) “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”表示 “ 越…… 就越……”。
The more you study, the more you know.
(4) “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “越来越……”。
It’s getting hotter and hotter.
(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine.
(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。
He always helps the poor.
(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。
2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)
He has made _______ progress this term than before.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. much
答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。
3. (2004年江西省中考试题)
---What delicious cakes!
---They would taste _______ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。
4. (2004年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1．There are many young trees on sides of the road.
A. every B. each C. both D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today.
--- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold
3．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
A. more B. a little C. many D. few
4．She isn’t so at math as you are.
A. well B. good C. better D. best
5．Peter writes of the three.
A. better B. best C. good D. well
6．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest
7．I bought exercise-books with money.
A. a few; a few B. a few; a little
C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8．The box is heavy for the girl carry.
A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
11. June looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her math test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ Careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot of Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________ (careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)
1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.
2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.
3. Hawaii is f_______ for its beautiful beaches.
4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.
5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).
6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.
7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.
8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.
9. The boy is too l______. He doesn’t want to do anything.
10. The dictionary is very u________. It will help you a lot.
【练习答案】
一. 1. C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1.Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud
6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest
三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful
6. busiest 7. awake 8. favorite 9. lazy 10. useful
PAGE
7
I. Teaching goals 模块教学目标
Skill Focus 听 Listen to the dialogue about life today and 50 years ago.
说 Talk about the life today and in the past
读 Read articles about life in the past
写 Compare people’s life today and in the pastWrite sentences with advantages and disadvantages about people’s lifeWrite about the life of your own family
LanguageFocus 功能句式 Talking about life: The advantage is that we know more about medicine today. P18We’re better at preventing illness. P18But people don’t eat as well as in the past, and don’t take as much exercise as they did. P18Faster transport also makes more pollution. P18And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy. P18
词汇 1．重点词汇 debate illness prevent medicine suppose relaxed eldest married get married couple diet disease 2．短语as a result instead of grow up each other have to do one’s best free time next month fall off lead a …life
语法 The positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
重点句子 Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago P18The most important difference is that people are healthier today and they live longer than they did in the past. P18But people don’t take as much exercise as they did. P18People walk or use their bikes less, and they are lazier. P18I really want to do my best. P18
II. Teaching material analyzing 教材分析
本模块以“life”为话题，以学习“现在和过去生活”的对比为主线，介绍了现在生活和过去生活的优与劣。通过模块学习，学生将重点掌握形容词的比较级和最高级，并能运用所学知识对周围事物和人进行比较。
Unit 1 通过听、读、说训练，要求学生了解五十年后生活的变化，初步学习两者之间进行比较的方法。
Vocabulary and listening
Activity 1要求学生看图，然后两人一组谈论现在和过去的生活。Activity 2要求学生听录音，利用所给词汇回答问题，并通过再次听录音检查答案，从而对Activity 3 的对话有一个准备。Activity 3听读一段Betty and his mum 关于对现在和过去生活进行对比的对话，在让学生了解50年生活变化的同时，学习一些关于比较的句式。Activity 4根据对话内容选择最佳答案。Activity5要求学生学习对话，学会分类提取重要信息来完成表格。Activity6根据对话内容完成句子。
Pronunciation and speaking
Activity 7 要求学生听录音，注意重读的单词。Activity 8 要求学生自己朗读句子，标出认为需要重读的单词，并听录音检查自己是否读得正确。Activity 9两人一组活动，就所列举的方面谈论50年前后的生活变化，加强对形容词比较级的理解和运用。
Unit 2. 通过读、写训练，学习谈论过去的生活状况，学会用事实来支持论点。
Reading
该单元共设计了7个活动。Activity 1看图，运用所给词说说图中woman生活的变化。Activity 2通过阅读关于Mrs. Li 的过去生活的文章，来让学生了解他们奶奶爷爷辈的生活。Activity 3要求学生两人一组讨论Mrs. Li那辈人生活的优缺点。Activity 4通过深入理解课文找出所给事实需要表明的观点。
Writing
Activity 5要求学生继续阅读相关文章和对话，对五十年生活变化的优劣进行讨论写作，要有正反观点并要有支持各自观点的依据。Activity 6要求学生能把Activity 5中的论点和例证连起来，同时运用合适的连词，使文章紧凑又有逻辑。Activity 7要求学生以“Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago ”为题，运用讨论的观点和例证，采取正确合理的句式，下笔成文。
Unit 3 对形容词的比较级和最高级这一语法项目以及今昔生活的对比的话题进行综合训练。
Activity1根据所给形容词，选用其正确形式进行填空。Activity 2运用所给词汇对两幅图进行对比，进一步练习功能句型。Activity 3把所给的单词进行归类。Activity 4通过看图和课文阅读来了解过去生活的艰辛，并找出三个使过去生活艰辛的例子。Activity 5 再读Activity4的文章，找出所提问题的原因。Activity 6. 听录音完成表格。 Activity 7. 根据听力材料中所听到的信息，写一篇短文比较他们的生活。
Around the world 介绍了Dr. Barnardo资助贫困儿童上学的事迹。
Module Task就孩子是否应该工作这一话题组织小组进行辩论。
Activity 8 小组活动，以“小孩不应该干活”为主题,进行辩论。Activity 9 学生分出正方和反方准备辩论。Activity 10 进行辩论。Activity 11 写出你作为正方或反方的陈述。
III．Class types and periods 课型设计与课时分配
Period 1 Listening and speaking
Period 2 Reading and writing
Period 3 Language in use
Period 4 Integrating skills
IV. Teaching plans for each period分课时教案
Period 1 Listening and speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
Advantage composition environment free time homework illness law personal population prevent protect safety
b. Key sentences 重点句子
There were not so many cars as they are today.
People are healthier today and they live longer than they did in the past.
We know more about medicine today.
But people don’t eat as well as in the past, and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to listen to, read and talk about how life has changed using the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives..
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to talk about how life has changed using the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening and speaking. Explanation and discussion
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
How to compare the life now and then.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠWarming up and lead-in
In this procedure, try to make students talk about the differences between the past life and the present life.
Show some pictures on the screen:
T: Good morning! Boys and girls. A new day begins. But I want to show you some old pictures of a city. Please look at Picture 1 and Picture 2. Can you guess which city it is
Ss: Beijing.
T: Good! You are clever. The two pictures are about Beijing in the 1950s. The third picture, please look! How beautiful the city is! Do you know its name
Ss: It’s also the picture about Beijing. Wow, it has changed a lot.
T: Picture 3 is about Beijing today. Many changes have taken place in Beijing in the past 50 years. Can you say out the differences Work in pairs, talk about the photos. What was life like in the past and what is life like today
Encourage students to work in pairs and make conversations like this:
A: What was life like in the past？
B: There weren’t so many cars as there are today.
A: What is life like today
B: There are more buildings today.
Or: let the students see a short movie about the life in the past and compare it with the life today.
T: Is it the same as the life today What’s the difference
Ss: Of course, it isn’t the same as the life today. There is much more traffic and the city is more beautiful now.
T: Do you like the life in the movie Why
S1: The life in the movie makes me think a lot. We should learn from their spirit. But I like the life today better because it’s more convenient.
S2: From the movie, we can see that the life in the past was much harder. We should worker harder today to make our city more beautiful.
T: Do you want to know more about the changes Do you know the advantages and disadvantages of the changes Let’s begin to learn Unit 1.
Step II. Vocabulary and listening
T: Before we read the conversation, it’s necessary for us to learn some new words. So let’s play a guessing game. I say the words and its English explanation. And you tell me the Chinese meaning of these words. OK
Ss: OK!
T: Advantage: something useful or helpful. Something which can bring success.
Ss: 优点；好处。
T: Right! Composition: exercise in writing by one who is learning a language.
Ss: 作文
T: Environment: surroundings
Ss: 环境
T: Free time: the time you can do what you want.
Ss: 自由时间
T: Homework: a work that a pupil is required to do in the evening at home and take to his teachers at school.
Ss: 作业
T: Illness: state of being ill.
Ss: 疾病
T: Law: rule made by authority.
Ss: 法律
T: Personal: private; individual; on one’s own
Ss: 个人的；私人的。
Pollution: making dirty
Prevent: stop or hinder
Protect: keep safe; guard
Safety: being safe; freedom from danger.
T: Well done! I think you are very happy to learn like this. Now listen to the tape and answer the questions. Use the words and the expressions in Activity 2 to help you.
Question1: What’s for homework
Question2: What’s the title
Question3: What does Betty ask about
Question4: What does Daming ask about
Question5: Does Mr. Jackson agree
(Use PPT to make a flash)
Check the answers together. (If the students have some trouble to get the answers, they can listen to the tape once again.)
Step III. Listening and reading.
Listening
T: Have you got such homework like Betty and Daming How will you finish your homework What do you think of your homework like this Now listen to Betty. She has nearly finished a composition. And she is talking about it with her mother. Listen and answer the questions.
Question 1: What’s the title of Betty’s composition
Question 2: What does she think of the life today
After the listening, the teacher may check the answers with the whole class.
T: The title of her composition is...
Ss: “Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
T: What does she think of the life today
Ss: She thinks it’s better.
T: This time you will listen to the dialogue again and choose the best answer for each question in Activity 4.
Let the students listen three times. For the first time, let them try to choose the best answer. For the second time, pause at each question in order to help them find the right answer. For the third time, let them listen as a whole to check their answers.
The answers: a a b b c
Reading
T: Read the dialogue about Betty and her mother. Then complete the table and write notes. You can work in groups.
The sample answers to Activity 5:
Advantages Disadvantages
Personal health People are healthier and live longer that they did in the past.
Medicine People know more about medicine and are better at preventing illness. People don’t eat as well as in the past and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
Transport People walk or use their bikes less and public transport is much better today. People are lazier. Faster transport also makes more pollution. And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy.
Work People don’t have to work as hard as they worked 50 years ago. People don’t have too much free time. School children today work harder.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Read the dialogue carefully again, and complete the sentences in your own words in Activity 6.
Then check the answers with the whole class.
The possible answers to Activity 6:
1. Because it’s late, Betty’s mum thinks that Betty should go to bed.
2. Betty is working late in order to finish her composition.
3. Betty’s mum thinks we know more about medicine, although people don’t eat as well as in the past and don’t take as much exercise as they did.
4. Betty reminds her mum that she is going on the school trip next month.
5. Betty’s mum thinks that Betty’s school trip and theatre visit will make her more relaxed and less nervous before her exams.
After finishing the exercises, the teacher should let the students read aloud in pairs and then act it out.
Step Ⅳ Pronunciation and speaking
In this procedure, get the students listen, read after the tape and learn to underline the words which they think the speaker will stress.
a. Activity 7
1. Play the tape only to listen for the first time.
2. Play the tape again to read after it.
3. Learn to say these sentences without listening to the tape.
b. Activity 8
Underline the words which the students think the speaker will stress.
The sample answer:
Yes, I agree. People walk or use their bikes less, and they’re lazier. Faster transport also makes more pollution. And that makes life more dangerous and less healthy.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
Listen and check. As you listen, say the passage aloud.
c. Activity 9
Work in pairs. Talk about the answer to the question.
Is life today better or worse that it was 50 years ago
Say what’s better or worse in:
At home education entertainment environment life medicine transport work
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Just now Betty and her mother talked about the life today and the life in the past. Can you talk about the same question to compare what’s better or worse in the life at home, education ….and so on
Discuss the question with your groups. And try to write down your opinion and your partner’s opinion.
The sample dialogue:
S1: Do you think life today is better or worse than it was 50 years ago
S2: I think the life today is better. We have better education. Especially we girls have the same opportunity as boys in education. What about you
S1: I also think it’s better. We have more entertainments and they are more interesting.
S2: And there is so much more traffic today and it’s more convenient. But at the same time, faster transport also makes more pollution.
S1: In the past, we know less about medicine, but now we know more about medicine.
……
Step Ⅴ Homework
1. Make an interview of your parents to ask something about their ideas of the differences between the life today and in the past. Take down what they said.
2. Preview Unit 2
Period 2 Reading and writing
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
eldest, married, couple, diet, fall off, get married
b. Key sentences 重点句子
Families have changed a lot since I was young.
These days people change their jobs much more often.
My mother never bought ready-made food as people do today.
There are lots more buildings and so much more traffic.
I am healthier than I’ve ever been.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to read and understand the passage” Life in the past.” Enable student to write a composition about the changes in the past 50 years including the main points and the examples.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to write a composition about the changes in the past 50 years including the main points and the examples.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Reading and writing. Explanation and giving examples.
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
How to write an argument using the main points and the examples.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
StepⅠWarming up and lead-in
In this procedure, get the students look at the photos and talk about the changes.
T: Morning, everyone! How is it going
Ss: Not bad.
T: Here is a photo of an old woman, Mrs. Li. She is over 70 years old. She has lived in Beijing all her life. Look at the photo, how do you think life has changed for her These words can help you: family, health, life in Beijing, marriage, the role of women, work.
S1: I think the families were much bigger in the past. My grandmother have six children, but I am the only child.
S2: I think she is healthier today.
S3: There is much more traffic. I think she walks less and takes the bus more.
S4: In the past, their parents helped her find the husband, but now, the love is free.
S5: In the past, most women stayed at home to do housework, but now women can go out to work.
T: Well done! Is what you said the same as what is written in this passage Let’s learn “Life in the past”.
Step II. Reading
a. let the students read the passage and do Activity 2.
T: This passage is about an old woman’s life in the past. It’s written from the aspects listed in Activity 1. Now, read the passage and write notes about Mrs. Li’s answers to the ideas in Activity 1.
For example: family: bigger families, less money
The sample notes:
health: healthier, live longer, eat better
life in Beijing: much better, more buildings, so much more traffic, walk less and take the bus more.
marriage: in the past, parents choose partners for their children; now, children choose partners for themselves
the role of women: in the past , women stayed at home; now, they go out to work
work: in the past, do the same job all one’s working life; now, change jobs more often
b. Let the students read paragraphs by paragraphs to know some details.
T: Read Paragraph1 and answer the questions:
Show the questions on the screen:
Paragraph1: Family
Question1: Where did Mrs. Li’s family live
Question2: What did she think of her family
Question3: When did her eldest sister leave school
Question4: What does she think of the family in the past and today
Two minutes later
T: Are you ready to answer my questions
Ss: Yes.
S1. In a small house beside a restaurant.
S2. They weren’t very rich but they were happy.
S3. At the age of 12.
S4. In the past, families were much bigger. Most people had lots of children. Today most people only have one child and the families are small.
T: Good! You have known the main idea of the paragraph. Next, I will explain some language points. Please take good notes.
Language points:
the eldest child老大
old 有两种比较级和最高级: older, oldest; elder, eldest
说明： elder, eldest虽然是old的一种比较级和最高级形式，但一般只用作定语，表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，elder不能与than连用表示比较。
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Let’s read paragraph 2 and fill in the blanks:
Show on the screen:
Paragraph2: Work and the role of women
Mrs. Li’s father ________ to work for ________hours a day. He never _______ his job in his life. But now people change their jobs ___________. Mrs. Li’s mum was a _________ before she met Mrs. Li’s father. After marrying, she had to ________ at home to ____________ the children. Today it is ___________ for many married women ___________ to work. But in the past, it was _______________.
Answers:
went out, 12, changed, much more often, teacher, stay, look after, normal, to go out, less common
Language point in this paragraph
1. a full-time job 全职工作 反义词： a part-time job 兼职工作
2. normal 正常的
3. less common 不常见
说明：这也是一种比较级，如果表达A方不如B方可用三种句式：
1） A+谓语的否定式+形容词（或副词）比较级+than + B
This room isn’t bigger than mine.
He doesn’t run faster than his brother.
2） A+谓语+less+形容词（或副词）的原形+than+B
I am less tall than he.
He does his homework less carefully than his brother.
3） A+谓语的否定句+so(as)+形容词（或副词）的原级+as+B
Mrs. Brown is not so / as old as she looks.
It doesn’t rain so/ as often in Xi’an as in Wuhan.
(Use PPT to make a flash)
T: Read paragraph3 and complete the table:
Show the table on the screen
Paragraph3: Life in Beijing
Food at home Things to do at home
In the past
today
The possible answers are:
Food at home Things to do at home
In the past Three times a dayEat enoughFreshly cookedMuch better Played gamesRead a lotHelped the younger brother with his homework in the evenings
today Buy ready-made food Have televisionWatch TV in the evenings
1. Language point:
2. enough adj. 足够的 通常放在名词前修饰名词。如：
He has enough money to buy this book.
adv. 足够地 通常放在被修饰词的后面。如：
The room is big enough to hold 100 people.
2. freshly cooked 新做的,现做的
3. ready-made food 现成的食物，预先制成的食物
T: Let’s turn to Paragraph 4. Read it and choose the right answers:
Show the questions on the screen:
Paragraph 4: Marriage
1. Mrs. Li first met her husband ____ years ago. (50, 60)
2. Mrs. Li’s husband helped her carry the ________when she fell off the bike. (books, bags )
3. Mrs. Li’s parents thought her husband came from a _____ family. (good, rich )
4. Mrs. Li married her husband at the age of _________. (19. 20)
5. Now most couples meet __________ (at work, in the street).
The answers are: 1. 60 2. bags 3. good 4. 19 5. at work
Language point:
1. fall off 从…摔下来 He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday.
2. get married 结婚
3. couple 夫妻
T: Read Paragraph 5 and judge the statement is true or false.
Show the statement on the screen:
Paragraph5: Life in Beijing
Mrs. Li often walks and takes the bus less to keep healthy.
The answer is: False
Language point:
1. lots more / much more 形容词（或副词）的比较级可用much, lots, a little, even, still等词修饰。
T: Read the last paragraph and choose the best answer.
Show the question on the screen:
Paragraph 6: Health
Mrs. Li thinks life is better today because ____________________.
A. She is not poor any longer.
B. She has more free time.
C. She is healthier and lives longer.
D. She walks less and takes the bus more.
The answer is: C
Language point:
One day I’ll be talking to your own grandchildren.
有一天我会正与你的儿孙交谈呢！
说明：这句话不用详细讲解，只要能翻译大意就行。这是将来进行时。
Step Ⅲ Reading skills.
In this procedure, the teacher should teach the students some reading skills.
T: Read this sentence from the passage. It’s an example of a main point. Let’s learn how to find a main point from some sentences.
Example: My parents, my sister and three brothers lived in a small house beside a restaurant.
Main point: Families were bigger in the past.
Now choose the correct main point for these examples from the passage.
1. My sister … left school when she was only 12 …
a) The school leaving age was lower in the past.
b) My sister no longer wanted to go to school.
2. Looking after us was a full-time job, so she stayed at home.
a) It wasn’t necessary for the mother to work.
b) Married women were too busy at home to continue working.
3. … my mother never bought ready-made food as people do today.
a) The food we eat today isn’t as healthy as it was.
b) There wasn’t any fast food in the past.
4. My parents liked him, and thought he came from a good family …
a) Parents usually decided who their children married.
b) People from good families were always kind.
5. Yes, there are lots more buildings and so much more traffic!
a) There was less traffic in the past.
b) Cars are cheaper today.
The answers are: 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. a, 5. a
说明：做阅读时要了解一些重要句子的内在涵义和其想表达的主要要点，不需要一字一句翻译。
Learning to learn: 选择你需要关注的内容是一种重要的语言学习技巧。比如说，你在做听力或阅读前，你需要先仔细读读提示或说明。当你做听力或阅读时，一个很好的方法是把你的注意力锁定在你需要的信息，而不是尝试去理解每个词。
Step Ⅳ Writing.
In this procedure, get the students learn some writing skills about an argument.
Pre-writing:
T: Read the passage in Activity 2 and the conversation in Unit 1, Activity 3. You’re going to write a composition. The title is:
Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
T: Before you write it, you must write down main points for the composition. For example:
Main point: People are healthier and live longer.
You also need to write down an example of each main point such as:
Example: Mrs. Li says we live longer toady.
Then you can write down an opposite point to each main point and give an example of each opposite point.
For example: Opposite point: Pollution makes people less healthy.
Example: Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
Students can work in pairs, groups to discuss. Try to get more main points and more opposite points. Give each point an example.
T: After getting so many points and the examples. Let’s join them together with “For example”.
People are healthier and live longer. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer today.
Now join the main points and their opposite points with “However” or “On the other hand”.
People are healthier and live longer. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer today. However, pollution makes people less healthy. For example, Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
Writing:
T: Now you can begin your composition with the title. Next, add your main points, examples and opposite points. At last, you can finish the composition with your conclusion or opinion like this:
In conclusion, I think life today is ….
The sample composition:
Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago
Generally speaking, the life today is better than it was 50 years ago. But on the other hand, it has its disadvantages.
Parents are less tired to support the family and educate their child. For example, today most people only have one child. However, their children are more tired. For example, two children have to look after four old people in the future.
People are healthier and live longer today. For example, Mrs. Li says we live longer. However, pollution makes people less healthy. For example, Mrs. Li walks less and takes the bus more.
It’s more convenient now. For example, there is so much more traffic and the traffic is faster. However, there is more pollution. For example, faster transport makes more pollution.
Today people’s life is more colorful. For example, they can take part in all kinds of parties and watch more programs. However, it influences the work. For example, they spend too much time on TV.
In conclusion, I think the life today is much better. But, at the same time we should think about some disadvantages and try our best to get rid of them.
StepⅤHomework:
1. Finish writing the composition.
2. Preview Unit 3 “Language in use”.
Unit 3 Language in use
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Language goals 语言目标
a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇和短语
diet, lead a … life, disease
b. Grammar point: 语法点
The usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable students to master the usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to use the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs correctly.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explanation and giving examples. Asking and answering. Practicing
Teaching important/difficult points教学重难点
Help the students master the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
Teaching aids 教具准备
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式
Step I. Warming up and lead-in
In this procedure, let the students master the usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives. (Some pictures and real objects should be used here)
T: Please look at the two rulers. (One is red and the other is blue.)
Which is longer, the red one or the blue one
Ss: The red one is, I think.
T: Yes, we can also say like this: The red one is longer than the blue one. I say three big cities: Chongqing, Baoding and Shanghai. Please tell me which is the biggest city in China
Ss: Of course, Shanghai is the biggest.
T: Which subject do you think is more difficult, English or maths
S1: I think English is more difficult.
S2: I think math is more difficult.
T: Is today warmer than it was yesterday
Ss: No, it’s cooler than it was yesterday.
T: Is football more popular than volleyball in China
Ss: No, we don’t think so.
Get the students practice like this in pairs or in groups or the whole class
T: I can see you are very active. Are you interested in it
Ss: Yes, we think it is very interesting, especially we can do it with some real facts.
T: OK! But there are some items for you to pay attention to. Let’s learn together.
Step II. Grammar.
a. Learn the comparative and the superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbials.
比较级的句型：
比较常见的句型有：
1）比较级+than 例如：
Health is more important than wealth.
He got up earlier than I did this morning.
2）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…… 例如：
He is growing more and more impatient.
Our life is getting better and better.
3) The+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越…… 例如：
The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.
The more he talked, the more excited he grew.
同极比较
同级比较一般采用as…as…句型，否定句可以用not so/as…as…表示。例如：
He is as tall as his brother.
He runs as fast as Liu Xiang.
I can’t get up so early as you.
最高级句型
常见的最高级句型有：
1）the+最高级+of / in… 例如：
He is the most diligent student in his class.
Of all his novels I like this one best.
2) 选择疑问句 例如：
Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill
3) 被定语从句所修饰的先行词
He is the most diligent student I have ever seen.
比较级和最高级的修饰语
比较级和最高级的修饰语应置于其所修饰的形容词或词前。常见的比较级修饰语有much, still, a lot, even, three years, five times, far…等。例如：
People worked much harder then.
b. Doing Exercises
T: You have got more details about the grammar. Now, please do Activity 1 and Activity 2.
The answers to Activity 1 are omitted.
The sample answers to Activity 2:
There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.
The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer.
The streets are much wider.
The environment is much better.
I can see people are much busier than before.
The life is much better than before.
There are more shops than before.
Step III. Reading
In this procedure, let the students have some reading training.
a. The passage in Activity 4
T: Read the passage in Activity 4 on Page 23 and find three examples of things that made life harder in the past than it is today.
Give the students some minutes to prepare for the task.
T: Is it easy to find the three examples
Ss: No, it’s a little difficult. But, we will have a try.
S1: The life in the past was harder in Victorian Britain. For example, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. A whole street had to share one outside toilet.
S2: It was harder in the past. The pollution from factories covered the streets. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many diseases.
S3: In those times, life was harder for children. They didn’t always go to school, because they had to work. They did dangerous and unhealthy jobs for little money. Many were hurt in accidents from the machines.
T: I am very happy you have used your heads. Next task: Read the passage again and find the reasons for the sentences in Activity 5. You can discuss in groups.
Give the students some minutes to discuss, and then check the answers with the whole class.
T: Now begin: How do you know that families were big in Victorian times
S4: Often, there were five children in one family.
T: How do you know that many houses were small
S5: They lived very close to each other, with no space for children to play and they had to sleep in houses of just two rooms.
T: How do you know that there was no indoor toilet for each house
S6: A whole street had to share one outside toilet.
T: How do you know that people weren’t healthy
S7: Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy and there were many diseases.
T: How do you know children didn’t go to school
S8: Because they had to work hard. Many children started work in factories when they were only 12 hours old.
T: How do you know factory work was dangerous
S9: Because many children were hurt in accidents from the machines.
Some difficult points: (show them on the screen)
be interested to do something
thousands of people hundreds of millions of
instead of something/instead of doing something
close to: near The sound of gun was much closer to us.
as a result as students as you know as everybody is here etc
very little only a little very few only a few
be pleased/ glad to do something be pleased/ glad that clause
b. Around the world
T: Now another passage about Dr Barnardo whose homes for poor children are very famous. Please read it and then do some exercises.
Show the exercises on the screen:
1. Write down the things which happened in the following years:
1) in 1870: Thomas Barnardo opened his first homes for children without parents.
2) in 1905: Thomas Barnardo died.
2. Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
In 1870, Thomas Barnardo studied medicine and he lived near the hospital. While he was studying, he taught at a school for poor children. He found out that many children at the school had no parents and no homes, so he raised money and bought a house for them as a school and home.
3. Judge true or false.
Now, there are no Barnardo’s homes, so no one help children and families. (F)
Now, although there are no Barnardo’s homes, the charity continues to help children and families.
Step Ⅳ Listening and writing
Listening
T: Listen to the tape and complete the table in Activity 6. Listen to the first time only to get the main idea, the second time listen to write down the required information about Grandmother and Mother and the third time listen to check the answers.
After the listening, ask some students read out their answers. The teacher must make sure that all the students can understand the material in the listening and write down the notes because they will be used in Activity 7.
Writing
T: Now, you have had the required information about Grandmother and Mother, which is enough for you to write a passage comparing their lives.
The grandmother had 8 brothers and sisters so she had a bigger family. She started school when she was older, but she left school earlier…
Step Ⅴ Module task
1. Work in groups. Read the subject of the debate.
Children should never work
2. Decide who is for the subject of the debate and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas :
For:
Extra money for the family
Stop children from being bored
Teach children the value of work
Help children to become independent
Against:
Work is for adults, not children
Children need to concentrate on learning.
Conditions of work not suitable for young people
Families and employers not treat children fairly.
The students can be divided into two halves and several groups. According to their willingness.
3. Prepare your opinions for or against the subject of the debate.
4. Have a debate.
﹡Those for the subject give their opinions.
﹡Those against the subject give their opinions.
﹡Take turns to say what you think.
﹡Write down a summary of the opinions for and against.
﹡Have a vote. Are most people for or against the subject
At last ask each team to give the conclusion to the whole class.
5. Write down the argument for or against the statement.
Sample argument 1: Children Should Work
In my group, we think Children should work. The reasons are as follows. First, they can earn extra money. Because some families are very poor, if children work, the life will be better. Second, it can stop children from being bored. By working, children can get much fun. Third, it can teach children the value of work. By working, they can know it’s not important to make money and they can feel the sense of achievement. Fourth, it can help children to become independent. Because they can learn to solve the problems in work and make money by themselves.
Sample argument 2: Children Should Never Work
The people in my group think children should never work. There are also four reasons. First, work is for adults, not children. Children should study hard. Second, Children should concentrate on learning. If children worked, their learning would be influenced. Third, the conditions of work are not suitable for young people. Maybe the work is too hard and the relationships among people are too complicated. Fourth, families and employers may not treat children fairly. Children are so young, so they can be looked down upon and deceived.
Step Ⅵ Homework
1. Write a short passage comparing the life in the past and today.
2. Revise the usage of usage of the positive degree, the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs.
Teaching resources教学资源库
ⅠLife in the 1950’s
Life in the 1950’s was simple. Some say it was the best time in American History, although I would suggest that could be true for most White Americans but not completely true for Black Americans.
Segregation and racism was still part of life and although there were some major changes to erase both like in 1954, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled segregation in public schools were unconstitutional, there were still problems forcing blacks to take drastic measures for equality and inclusion like in 1955, when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus.
For many Americans, the wars and the depression were a distant memory and the country was feeling good about itself. Most Americans trusted the government and believed in politicians. Society was experiencing growth, economically and socially, and new ideas of prosperity and success for families and the country as a whole were taking shape.
Jobs were mainly industrial and agricultural, most men worked in blue-collar jobs and there was an increase in the need for secretarial work, which allowed for some women to work outside of the home.
In the 1950’s, television was becoming more and more a part of everyday life, more families had televisions in their homes and AM radio was also becoming more popular, along with the advent of 45 records, jukeboxes, and eventually albums.
Music was expanding; the sound of rock and roll was creeping into the mainstream with the help of radio and television and teenagers were experiencing more independence and freedom than what their parents had as teenagers.
However, life in the early 1950’s was still very strict. Women were still obligated to the status of housewife and men were the main breadwinners in the family. Children, including teenagers, were to be seen and not heard but by the mid-1950’s, that was becoming more difficult because of newfound freedoms, rock and roll music, and other outlets teenagers had available to them.
Changes in clothing styles, specifically for teens, started to appear. Guys started wearing their hear longer with sideburns and slicked back with grease. They also wore jeans and leather jackets (with the collar turned up to be “cool”) and the girls wore ponytails, poodle skirts, pedal pushers, and scarves.
Prior to the 1950’s, clothing worn by young people was very reserved and proper but to some extent that changed in the 50’s. For example, poodle skirts were popular with females for a couple of reasons.
The first is that the skirt allowed for easier dancing, being spun around letting the skirt twirled. The next reason is that the skirt was loose and free, a sign of freedom. Leather jackets, cut-off shirts, and slicked back hair allowed the boys to appear as “cool.”
Popular celebrities were very influential, kids wanted to be just like Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, and Ricky Nelson to name a few. One thing to note is that the popular size for women back in the 1950’s is much different than it is today. Curves were popular; those with bigger bust and smaller waistlines like Marilyn Monroe were in style.
Popular television shows were I Love Lucy, The adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, and Superman to name a few. Sock hops, (dance hops), hula hoops, and cruising were very popular among young people and popular slang were words like squares, chicks, be bop, threads, keen, back seat bingo (kissing in the back seat), kill (impress), and cat (a cool person).
Although, young people were experiencing more freedom and independence they were, for the most part, still respectable to adults and they still were dignified and decent.
Children still obeyed parents. Females were still expected to act a certain “ladylike” way and males were still expected to act like gentlemen. Sex was taboo, premarital sex was not accepted and if a girl found herself “in the family way” (a slang for pregnant) many times she was shipped off to live with relatives or admitted to some special school for girls.
Although, times were changing, major changes didn’t take place until the 1960’s, which saw a shift in morals, attitudes, family life, race relations, and overall feelings about the government. To many, this is why the 1950’s are seen as the best time, when families and morals were intact and times were much simpler and enjoyable.
Ⅱ 形容词 副词
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：原级，比较级，最高级。
A. 构成：
1. 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词:
一般情况: 加er, est 如：clever-cleverer-cleverest
以字母e结尾： 加r, st 如：nice-nicer-nicest
重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时：双写加 er, est 如：
big-bigger-biggest
以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est 如：early-earlier-earliest
部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most
如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly
2.不规则变化，须熟记：
good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least
B.常见的使用情况
1. as … as … 和...一样（中间用原级）
2. not as (so) … as 和...不一样（中间用原级）
3… than …. ..比...（用比较级）
4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的
e.g. Winter is the coldest season of the year.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越……
e.g.: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…...
e.g. The more, the better. 越多越好
C. 注意点：
1.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略。
2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。
3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
e.g. The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
D.掌握三种同义句转换：
1. He is taller than any other student in his class.
=He is the tallest (student) in his class.
2. This film is less interesting than that one.
=This film isn’t as interesting as that one.
=That film is more interesting than this one.
3. I prefer math to English.
=I like math better than English.
【考点直击】
形容词和副词
1. 形容词的用法；
2. 副词的用法；
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；
4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
【名师点睛】
1. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）
The fish went bad. （作表语）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）
(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，形容词放在这些词之后。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film
(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词的句子成分及分类。
He studies very hard. （作状语）
Life here is full of joy. （作定语）
When will you be back （作表语）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies
Where were you yesterday
Why did you do that
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：
Mr. Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2) too, either
这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3) already, yet
already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet
He hasn’t answered yet.
4) so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较
级。例如：
Our teacher is taller than we are.
The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示 “极,很,非常, 十分”。
It’s most dangerous to be here.
在这儿太危险。
(3) “The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”表示 “ 越…… 就越……”。
The more you study, the more you know.
(4) “ 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “越来越……”。
It’s getting hotter and hotter.
(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine.
(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。
He always helps the poor.
(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。
2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)
He has made _______ progress this term than before.
A. little B. less C. fewer D. much
答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。
3. (2004年江西省中考试题)
---What delicious cakes!
---They would taste _______ with butter.
A. good B. better C. bad D. worse
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。
4. (2004年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1．There are many young trees on sides of the road.
A. every B. each C. both D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today.
--- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold
3．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
A. more B. a little C. many D. few
4．She isn’t so at math as you are.
A. well B. good C. better D. best
5．Peter writes of the three.
A. better B. best C. good D. well
6．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest
7．I bought exercise-books with money.
A. a few; a few B. a few; a little
C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8．The box is heavy for the girl carry.
A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
11. June looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her math test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ Careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot of Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.
6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.
7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.
8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________ (careful).
9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.
10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.
三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)
1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.
2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.
3. Hawaii is f_______ for its beautiful beaches.
4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.
5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).
6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.
7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.
8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.
9. The boy is too l______. He doesn’t want to do anything.
10. The dictionary is very u________. It will help you a lot.
【练习答案】
一. 1. C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
二. 1.Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud
6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest
三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful
6. busiest 7. awake 8. favorite 9. lazy 10. useful
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同课章节目录
- Module 1 Travel
- Unit 1 We toured the city by bus and by taxi
- Unit 2 It's a long story.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 2 Education
- Unit 1 They don't sit in rows.
- Unit 2 What do I like best about school?
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 3 Life now and then
- Unit 1 They sometimes work harder.
- Unit 2 I think life is better today.
- Unit 3 Language in use.
- Module 4 Rules and suggestions
- Unit 1 You must be careful of falling stones.
- Unit 2 we must keep the camp clean.
- Unit 3 Language in use.
- Revison A
- Module 5 Look after yourself
- Unit 1 We'd better get you to hospital.
- Unit 2 Get off the sofa!
- Unit 3 Language in use.
- Module 6 Eating togethe
- Unit 1 When is the school-leavers' party?
- Unit 2 Knives and forks are used for most Western
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 7 English for you and me
- Unit 1 Have you ever been to an English corner?
- Unit 2 We all own English.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 8 My future life
- Unit 1 Here's to our friendship and the future
- Unit 2 I know that you will be better at maths.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Revison B