高中英语必修四学案设计
图片预览
文档简介
教材梳理 必修4
Unit 1 Great women and their achievements
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate
词形变化 1. ______________ vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 __________________n.联系关系；连接
2.____________ vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 ___________ n.[c]争论；争辩；
3.____________ n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 _______________ adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的
4.__________vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 ___________ n. 鼓舞；灵感 ____________ adj.受灵感启示的_____________adj.鼓舞人心的
5._____________adj.体贴的，体谅的 _______________ n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 ___________________ adj.相当大(或多)的
6. _____________ vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说) _____________ n.[c,u]投递；演讲 ____________ 递送者
重点单词 1. ______________ n.[C]成就，功绩 2. ______________ vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现3. _________________ vt. 观察；观测；遵守4.______________vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 5. _______________ vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 6._______________ vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人7._______________ vt. 计划；打算 8._______________vt. 接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说)
重点词组 1. _______________________ / _____蔑视；瞧不起2._______________ 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言3. ________________(偶然) 遇见；碰见4. ______________ 继续；坚持5. _________/_________________过着……的生活
重点句子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them.
重点语法 主谓一致（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. campaign / war / battle
【解释】war “战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle “战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”campaign for/against 从事运动
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). They won the _______ but lost the _______. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _______ against smoking
2. worth / worthy / worthwhile
【解释】worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语，“值得……的”，“有价值的”：a worthy winner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). The necklace was ______ 100 francs at most. 2). It’ s ______ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it ______ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can’ t you find something ______ doing at all The book is _______ _______ _______ (很值得读) a second time.5). This place of interest is worthy _______ _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ /_______ _______ _______ (参观).
3. argue / debate
【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We ______ with her ______ how to go there. 2). They ______ the case for hours.3). They ______ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a ______ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 ________________ n.联系，关系；连接
2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 _______________ n.[c]争论；争辩；
3. crowd n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 ____________ adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的
4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 ________________ n. 鼓舞；灵感 _____________adj.受灵感启示的______________ adj.鼓舞人心的
5. ________________adj.体贴的，体谅的 ________________n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 ___________________adj.相当大(或多)的
6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说) delivery n.[c,u]投递；演讲 deliverer 递送者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). It was ________ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.2). The good news _______ (inspire) us with hope.3). The children had an _______ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on ________ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into ________ (consider), the event was a great success.6). The narrow roads were ________ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). What is the _______ (connect) between the two ideas
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯
[典例]
1). Behave yourself; don’ t make a fool of yourself.
2). How is your new car behaving
[重点用法]
behave oneself ______________________ behaviour towards/to... _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). It’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (举止得体) at the table.
2). She is always _______ _______ (举止得体) at school.
3). Their _______ (behave) _______ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.
2. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成
[典例]
1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。
2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。
[重点用法]
achieve an aim / goal达到目标 achieve success 获得成功
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Without the support of the people we can _______ _______.
2). I have achieved only half of _______ I hope to do.
3). Congratulations to you (介词) _______ such a complete victory.
3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.[u] 观察；观测；监视
[典例]
1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank.
2). The woman was observed to follow him closely.
[重点用法]
observe sb. do sth. _____________________ observe sb. doing sth. _____________________
under observation ____________________
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). They were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.
2). Keynes _______ _______ (观察到) humans fall into two classes.
4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视
[典例]
1). If you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you
2). I have the greatest respect for you.
[重点用法]
respect sb. for sth.______________________
have / show respect for sb./sth. _________________________
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb._______________________
out of respect ________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The new officer soon ________ (赢得) the respect of his men.
2). I ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.
3). I have great respect _______ (介词) his ideas, although I don’ t agree with them.
5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；争吵
[典例]
1). Don’ t argue with your mother.
2). I argued that we needed a larger office.
[重点用法]
argue for (sb./sth.)____________________ argue against (sb./sth.) ___________________-
argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) _________________ argue that... _____________________
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. ___________________________
have an argument about/over sth. _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (说服她加入) us.
2). We argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal.
6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人
[典例]
1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries
2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him.
[重点用法]
support sb./ a family ___________________
support sb. in (doing) sth. ________________________
support sb. by (doing) sth. _______________________
in support of sb/sth __________________________
support oneself _________________
give support to sb. _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Will you support me _______ (介词) my campaign for election
2). Jim was a great support _______ (介词) them when their father died.
3). 我求学期间由父母供养。
________________________________________________________________________
7. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的
[典例]
1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying.
2). I intend you to take over.
[重点用法]
intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. ___________________
sth. be intended for_____________________
intend sb. to do sth._______________________
intend sth. as/to be _______________________
intend that... 打算……
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). This book is ______ ______ ______ (是为初学者写的).
2). Was that remark intended _______ (介词) a joke
3). I didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished.
8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递 deliverer 递送者，交货人
[典例]
1). The baby was delivered in a clinic.
rade Yang delivered the opening speech.
[重点用法]
deliver a baby ____________________ delivere sth. to ...... ______________________
express delivery________________ on delivery _________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介词) the schoo1.
2). The actor _______ his speech _______ (介词) a soft voice.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起
[典例]
1). She looks down on people who've never been to university.
2). You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor.
[重点用法] look短语：
look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. As_____________ look on ____________________
look into sth. ______________________ look up _________________________
look (sb.) up and down _______________________ look out for sb/sth_________________________
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). He was ______ ______ ______ (被人看不起) because of his humble background.
2). He is ______ ______ _______ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.
3). If you want to know how a word is used, ______it ______ in a dictionary.
2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言
[典例]
1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
[重点用法]
refer to sb./sth. as ___________________ refer sth./sb. to __________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指).
2). He gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes.
3). He likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”.
4). My doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist
3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见
[典例]
1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
[短语归纳] come短语：
come about = happen ______________ come from _____________
come out _____________________________________________
come up _____________________
come up with sth __________________________
[练习] 用come短语的适当形式填空。
1). I _______ _______ some new words while reading.
2). His new book will _______ _______ next month.
3). She _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales.
4). Can you tell me how the accident _______ _______
5). How did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were
4. carry on 继续；坚持
[典例]
1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away.
2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather.
[短语归纳] carry短语：
carry on (doing sth/with sth.) ______________________________
carry out _________________________
carry out a plan/orders/instructions_____________________________
carry sth through ______________________
carry about_________________
carry away___________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。
1). They decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather.
2). Extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient.
3). It is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______.
4). Don’ t blame me. I’ m only _______ _______ my orders.
5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活
[典例]
They live a peaceful life.
[短语归纳] “v. + 同源宾语”结构：
smile a... smile _________________________ dream a... dream ________________________
sleep a... sleep ________________________ sing a... song _______________________
die a... death ……__________________ fight a... battle___________________
laugh a... laugh ______________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). We are living happily. = We are living _______ _______ _______.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived!
3). I _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()
[解释] 动名词做主语的用法：
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：
1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。
2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
②用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：
1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
2). It’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。
动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：
Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). Talking _______ (mend) no holes.
2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
3). Is it any good _______ (try) to explain
2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。
[解释] 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将
助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：
1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。
2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。
注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：
1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。
2). Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。
[练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。
1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。
[解释] as...as possible = as... as one can “尽可能”，第一个as可接adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.[u]，如：
1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can.
2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can.
3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can.
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。
__________________________________________________________________________________
2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。
__________________________________________________________________________________
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境）since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women.
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。Jane Goodall的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。
This passage introduces _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.【原句】Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。
[模仿要点] 句子结构 现在分词，+主句
【模仿1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。
_______________________________________________________________________________.
【模仿2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2 【原句】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：Only +状语（主句要倒装）
【模仿1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：221 完成时间：14分钟 难度：***
I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, "Don't watch the 22 when you say, “I'm sorry”.Hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he'll know you mean it."
My mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. You must never 24 to be doing something else. You do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your fault. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners.
One of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. That, after all, is the purpose of every apology. It 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one's actions encourages others to take their share of the blame.
21. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas
22. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom
23. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye
24. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect
25. A. poorer B. weaker C. worse D. lower
26. A. cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly
27. A. raise B. perform C. admit D. bear
28. A. situation B. need C. sign D. room
29. A. wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer
30. A. cares B. matters C. depends D. remains
2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
词数：180 完成时间：9分钟 难度：***
Mr Vincent was tired of living in the big city where he worked. He wanted to move to the country and 31 (live) in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day. He was looking for a house 32 he saw an ad in a newspaper one day. The ad said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a 33 (reason) price, and the house was 34 a stone's throw of a railway station 35 which there were frequent trains to the big city.
"That's exactly 36 I need." Mr. Vincent said to 37 . So he called the house agency and arranged to go down by train 38 next day to have a look at the house. The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. 39 took them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. 40 they reached, Mr. Vincent said angrily, "I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper."
3.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：315 完成时间：7分钟 难度：***
Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends.
It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed.
"They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project.
Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced pervasive (普遍的) long-term exclusion from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness.
The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion.
It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends.
"With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen.
The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.
41. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT _________.
A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender
42. The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_________”.
A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience
43. One of the major purposes of the research is to _________.
A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion
B. remind children to be careful while making friends
C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers
D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model
44. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _________.
A. keep their groups purer
B. make their groups more socially powerful
C. refuse other customs and cultures
D. prove their groups to be strict
45. The proper title for this passage is _________.
A. Techniques of making friends
B. Social communication among kids
C. Making friends -- a special culture
D. Kids' complex way of making friends
4.基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
周笔畅宣布退出“超女”演唱会巡演，重返校园。有些学生认为她应该回校读书，有些学生则不以为然。如果你是她，你会选择退出还是留下 请根据以下表格的内容，以Wise Choice为题，为《英语广场》杂志写一篇英语短文。
看法 理由
应该回校读书 1．演出花费太多的时间和精力2．不能集中精力学习3．对未来自身的发展不利
应该参加演出 1．演出提供了一个展示才华的舞台2．丰富演出经验，有利于将来的音乐生涯3．不应使歌迷们失望
你的观点可以自由发挥。
[写作要求]
1．行文应连贯，内容应完整。
2．题目和开头语已经给出。
3．用5句话完成。
Wise Choice
After the singing competition "Super Girls' Voice", Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the "Super Girls" tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise...
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Working the land
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
词形变化 1.______________n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 ___________adj. 饥饿的
2.___________ v.使变大；伸展 ____________n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3.________________ vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要 _____________ adj. 对……表示满意_______________/s_______________ adj. 令人满意的 ________________ n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 ____________ n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到 ________________n.被发现的事物，发现 ______________ n. 发现者
重点单词 1. ___________vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 2. _____________ vt.&vi. 配备；装备 3. ____________(_______________) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜4. ______________vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 5. ___________vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.[c,u] 焦点；中心点6.______________ vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.[c,u] 评论；议论
重点词组 1. _________________ 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)2.______________ 使某人/某物摆脱3. ____________________ 对……表示满足或满意4. ________________宁愿……5.________________ 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发6._____________ 导致；造成（后果）；通往7. ____________________________使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
重点句子 1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
重点语法 V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. expand / extend / spread / stretch
【解释】 expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张extend 强调向某一方向的延长spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用
【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。1). The man _______ the information around. 2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.4). She _______ out her hands to meet me.5). The project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 4). stretch 5). expand
2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
【解释】occupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。
【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。1). She has a good ________ in the bank. 2). She is an architect by ________. 3). She abandoned her stage ________.4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________. 5). Please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form.
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. _________ n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 hungry adj. 饥饿的
2. expand v.使变大；伸展 _______________n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要 ________________ adj. 对……表示满意______________/____________ adj. 令人满意的 _____________________n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 __________________n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 ________________ n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到 ________________ n.被发现的事物，发现 ____________________ n. 发现者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of ________ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the world population should ________ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid ________ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports ________ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6). The people there enjoy complete ________ (free) of speech. 7). The ________ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many ________ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil.
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
[典例]
1). They were struggling to get out the burning car.
2). The book is about their struggle for liberation.
[词语归纳]
struggle for________________________ struggle with / against______________________
struggle to do sth.___________________ struggle to one’ s feet_________________
a life-and-death struggle_____________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). They are ________ (为……而斗争) the position
2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese.(介词)
3). The fox struggled ________ (escape).
4). He _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.
2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
[典例]
1). They equipped themselves for the expedition.
2). A good education should equip you for life.
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with ________________________
equip sb./sth. for ____________________________
a piece of office equipment _________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
[典例]
1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it.
2). I regret to say the job has been filled.
[重点用法]
regret to say/tell/announce/inform____________________________________
regret doing / having done sth. ____________________________
regret that _____________________
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.
3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低
[典例]
1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos.
2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State.
[重点用法]
reduce sth (from...) to... _____________________________ reduce sth. by... ________________
[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。
1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.
2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.
3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.
5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点
[典例]
1). Focus your camera.
2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention.
[重点用法]
focus on________________ focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on________________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.
2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.
3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.
6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论
[典例]
1). The scandal caused a lot of comment.
2). “Will you resign, Minister ” “No comment!”
[重点用法]
comment on/about sth./sb._____________________________
make comments/no comment on sth./sb.__________________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments
2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.
3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)
[典例]
1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved.
2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
[重点用法]
thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：
1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident.
2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.
4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better .
5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)
___________________________________________________________________________
3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
___________________________________________________________________________
2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
[典例]
1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine.
2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.
[重点用法] rid 短语：
be rid of ______________________ get rid of ________________________
rid a house of mice _______________________ rid oneself of debt ____________________
[类似用法动词]
inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… _______________________________
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.
2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.
3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.
4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.
5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.
6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.
3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意
[典例]
1). I was not satisfied with the result.
2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you.
[重点用法]
sth. satisfy sb. _______________________ sb. is satisfied sth. _______________________
be satisfied to do ______________________ be satisfied that clause ____________________
a satisfied smile ___________________ a satisfied customer___________________
feel a sense of satisfaction_____________________ to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction ______________________
far from satisfactory _________________________
it is satisfying (to do sth) ___________________________
a satisfactory explanation / performance______________________
get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work __________________________
[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。
1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it.
2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me.
3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).
4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.
5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.
6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.
4. would rather 宁愿……
[典例]
1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus.
2). “Some more wine ” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”
[重点用法]
would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) ____________________________
would rather sb. did sth.__________________________________
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.
2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk).
3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
[典例]
1). You need more protein to build you up.
2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation.
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
[典例]
1). This misprint led to great confusion.
2). His actions could lead to him losing his job.
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to ____________________ lead sb. to do sth. _____________________
lead sb. in doing sth. _________________________ lead to sb. doing sth. _______________
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
[典例]
1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。
2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.
2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
[解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/... + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如：
1). He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。
2). The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). I think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this.
2). I’ d be the first ________ (admit) I might be wrong.
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
[解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时
真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove
等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。
再如：
1). The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
2). We make it a rule to do some English practice before class.
3). Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.
4). Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。
___________________________________________________________________________
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Yuan Longping, the Father of 1 (超级杂交稻), is a famous scientist. he has 2 (奋斗)for the past five 3 (十年) for the Chinese farmers. In 1953 when Dr Yuan graduated from college, 4 (hungry) was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. ____5____, Yuan wanted to help ___6__(摆脱)his motherland of hunger by increasing the rice output without 7 (expand) the area of the fields and he made it. Dr Yuan’s another dream is to 8 (出口) his rice to the world. Thanks 9 Dr Yuan, the UN has more tools in the battle against hunger ____10____the world.
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
袁隆平是我国最著名的科学家之一，已经取得了伟大成就，通过培植超级杂交稻使世界消除饥饿。不过，他不在乎名利和金钱，过着贫穷的生活。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.【原句】Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 事实上，他黑黝黝的脸和胳膊和他的苗条，强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民的一样，在过去50年来他一直为他们而奋斗。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 主句，+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句
【模仿1】在学校里，他学习许多科目，如中文，数学，英语，物理，化学，计算机等，其中他最喜欢英语。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，唱英语歌曲，集邮，他最喜欢收集邮票。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．【原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植被称之为高产量的杂交水稻。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句
【模仿1】学生喜欢生活中如何新的东西。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。
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3. 【原句】Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 1930年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭，，袁博士于1953年毕业于西南农业大学。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句
【模仿1】配备了电子词典，学生觉得学习英语更容易和更方便了。
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【模仿2】位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。
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三、单元自测
1.完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：173 完成时间：13分钟 难度：***
Parents usually have the test intentions when it comes to making sure their kids are growing up healthy. But it can be a 21 , especially with a picky eater or a child who 22 videogames to playing outdoors. The reality is that exhausted and overworked parents often 23 making food choices based on 24 -- serving the meal that's most appealing, not necessarily the most nutritious, or 25 it in front of a TV. Such habits take a toll. Last year, the International Obesity Task Force 26 that more than 35 percent of American children ranging from 6 to 17 exceed- ed their ideal body weight, which can 27 to serious long-term health problems like heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病), as well as 28 and low self-esteem (自尊). Good health choices can also 29 a long way -- not just toward physical health, but mental health and intellectual success, too. Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia found last year that kids who play vigorously (精神旺盛地) for 20 to 40 minutes actually do 30 in school and are happier.
21. A. coincidence B. challenge C. difficulty D. puzzle
22. A. prefers B. devotes C. contributes D. addicts
23. A. start with B. insist on C. object to D. end up
24. A. nutrition B. menu C. convenience D. preference
25. A. offering B. showing C. having D. sharing
26. A. predicted B. estimated C. valued D. proclaimed
27. A. stick B. tend C. see D. lead
28. A. oppression B. desperation C. depression D. repression
29. A. come B. go C. find D. extend
30. A. better B. faster C. more D. earlier
2. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：156 完成时间：8分钟 难度：***
Even in China today, most 31 (ability) teenagers have to go to special schools to receive 32 education. I know people are trying to give them more help, comfort and care, 33 I don't quite agree with such idea.
Disabled people's life is difficult and frustrating. 34 we should give them a hand in their normal life. But despite their disability, they're complete. They have their own thoughts and feelings, we can't say disability will limit a person's life. So it's necessary for them to study 35 (independent) and equally just as normal people. If they 36 (ask) to go to the special school, they will probably treat themselves 37 special, unlucky people. That will make them 38 (lose) hope.
39 the disabled people need the most is confidence and dignity. Most of them hate 40 feeling that they always need others' help. They just want to prove themselves as we do.
In a word, help is essential, but we should give the disabled more individual space.
3. 信息匹配
请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，从所给的选项A、B、C、D、E和F中按照要求匹配信息。
首先，请阅读下列有关颜色偏好和性格的关系的应用文：
A. GOLD According to the True Colors system people who choose GOLD as their primary color like to fit in or to belong. They tend to be reliable people who enjoy serving others and things like traditions. Home is very important to them. They need order and structure. They don't like waste or change.
B. ORANGE People who choose ORANGE as their primary color need a lot of variety and freedom. They take pride in being highly skilled. They enjoy "hand-on" work and often are good in a crisis. They are risk takers, seek challenges.
C. YELLOW People who choose YELLOW as their primary color are curious about everything, and they are confident and knowledgeable. They love sports very much and they work high efficiently.
D. GREEN People who choose GREEN as their primary color are competent and want to control the realities of life. They are analytical and enjoy solving problems and developing systems. They love intelligence and logic. They are often critical of themselves and others.
E. BLUE People who choose BLUE as their primary color enjoy close relationships. Harmony and integrity(诚实)are very important. These people are often very creative or they enjoy the creative work of others.
F. RED People who choose RED as their primary color are always full of vigour (活力 ) and they tend to be confident all the time. It seems like they are ready to do anything and they will be successful. And they have a strong desire of power.
请阅读以下根据员工性格来促进工作效率的方法的信息，然后匹配上面的信息。
41. Creating a warm and personal working atmosphere; establishing a peaceful working environment and trying to avoid conflicts; allowing them the freedom to express their felling praising their creative approach to the job; praising them with their good jobs.
42. Assigning work which needs detailed planning; defining the tasks in clear terms; providing a stable work environment and avoiding sudden change; giving standard rules and regulations and set a good examples; praising them with their good jobs.
43. Assigning work which needs analytical thinking and problem-solving; encouraging them to think independently and taking their ideas to the next step; praising them with their good jobs.
44. Assigning work which is action-packed, providing opportunities to be skillful and adventurous; allowing them the freedom to the job in their own ways; praising them with their good jobs.
45. Assigning work which needs full energy; providing opportunities for job competition; if he does well, letting him know he is very likely to get promotion; praising them with their good jobs.
4.读写任务
阅读下面的对话，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Linda: How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation
Joanna: Oh, it's great. You ought to go there some day if you haven't been there already.
Linda: Well, what do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan
Joanna: Mm, it's very crowded there in summer. And it's too cold to go there in winter, so I wouldn't suggest the winter season, either. Besides, we can't afford the time when school is in session. So I would say the best time is the first few days of the summer break when people haven't started doing anything yet.
Linda: I see. How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road
Joanna: It all depends, really. If you go there by train, four days should be enough. You can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as an exchange, you'll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you'll save some money, too.
Linda: That sounds good. If I can afford the time, I think I'll take the bus. Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency
Joanna: It is hard to say which is better, you know.
Linda: Anyway, thank you very much for all the information.
[写作内容]
你的英语老师在上英语说写课时，提供以上对话给你和同桌作为英语口语训练的材料。口语练习结束后，老师要求你根据上述对话话题写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语短文。
1，以约30个词概括对话的要点。
2．然后以约120个词写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语记叙文，并包括以下要点：
(1)叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过；
(2)谈谈你的感受。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：山区the mountainous area，农村the countryside，风景区 scenic spot，原始森林natural thick forest,，灌木丛林the woods／the trees，国家森林公园 the national park ,田野the fields，牛cows，马horse，羊sheep，牲口群cattle．
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点： How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation / What do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan / How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过，属于某人的经历，故用一般过去时态。而谈谈你的感受，属于一般评论性的文字，故用一般现在时。
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Unit 3 A taste of English humour
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. especially / specially / particularly 2. common / usual / ordinary3. convince / persuade
词形变化 1.______________ n. 幽默，诙谐 _______________ adj. 幽默的，诙谐的
2. __________________ n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运 _______________ adj.幸运的，侥幸的 _________________adv.幸运地，幸亏
3. __________vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事) _______________ adj.感到无趣的或单调的 ______________ adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的
4. ___________n. 嘴，口 _____________n.一口；少量
5. _______________ adj.直接的；坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导 ___________ n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导 _______________ n.指导者，主管；董事；导演
6. _____________ v. 讲解，解释 _______________ n.解释，说明，阐述
重点单词 1._____________ vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. ____________ vt. 使吃惊 3. _____________ vt. 使欢乐；款待4.______________vt. 使信服；使确信5. _____________ vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地6. __________________v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈
重点词组 1. ____________________ 过得很差；穷的；缺少的[做表语或定语]2. __________________ 挑出；辨别出3. _______________ 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. _______________________在……主演；担任主角
重点句子 1. Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy!2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
重点语法 V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. specially / especially / particularly
【解释】 specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其他，与众不同”，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。
【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). I like my hometown, _______ in spring. 2). These shoes were _______ made for you. 3). A committee has been _______ appointed to look into the matter.4). We did very well in this exam, _______ our monitor.
2. common / usual / ordinary
【解释】common意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与common意思接近。
【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). He arrived later than _______. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _______ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _______ American boy who kept getting into trouble.4). Our _______ workday is eight hours. 5). He’ s not an officer, but a/an ________ soldier.
3. convince / persuade
【解释】convince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。
【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). He _______ me that I should study law. 2). He _______ me not to stay. 3). The officials were eager to _______ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). I _______ (convince) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). How can we persuade him into _______ (join) us
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. humour n._____________ humorous adj.____________
2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运 fortunate adj._______________ __________________adv.幸运地，幸亏
3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事) bored adj.___________________ boring adj.__________________________
4. mouth n. 嘴，口 ______________ n.一口；少量
5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导 _______________n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导 ____________________n.指导者，主管；董事；导演
6. explain v. 讲解，解释 ____________________ n.解释，说明，阐述
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). ________ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). He gave a ________ (humor) account of their trip to Spain first. 3). Tom went off in one ________ (direct) and Harry in another.4). He now felt ready to take on the role of ________ (direct).5). The earthquake left thousands of people ________ (home). 6). I’ m stuffed. I couldn’ t eat another ________ (mouth). 7). Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their ________ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). There is no convincing ________ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的
[典例]
1). As there’ s no cream, we’ ll have to content ourselves with black coffee.
2). He is content to remain where he is now. [重点用法]
content oneself with sth. ___________________________ be/feel content with ______________________
be content to do sth. _____________________ to one’ s heart’ s content ___________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Simple praise is enough to ______ him.
2). I like the style of the book but I don’t like the ______.
3). She _______ _______ _______ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children.
2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
[典例]
1). The news astonished everybody.
2). I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.
[重点用法]
be astonished at/by sth. __________________________ be astonished to do sth. ____________________
It astonishes sb. that _________________________ be astonished that _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). It astonished me ______ no one has thought of this before.
2). We were _______ (astonish) that he appeared at the party.
3). I find _______ quite _______ (astonish) that none of you like the play.
3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待
[典例]
1). Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.
2). Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper
[重点用法]
entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth.___________________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He entertained us for hours ________ (介词) his stories and jokes.
2). He fell in the water, much to the _________ (entertain) of the children.
3). We hired a magician to keep the children _________ (entertain).
4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的
[典例]
1). We convinced him to go by train rather than plane.
2). How can I convince you (of her honesty)
[重点用法]
convince sb. of sth._______________________________
convince sb. to do sth. _____________________
convince sb. that _________________________
be convinced of / that______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). What she said _______ (convince) me that I was mistaken.
2). I soon convinced him ______ (介词) my innocence.
3). What convinced you _______ (vote) for them
4). I’m ________ (convince) that he is guilty.
5). That was the most _______ (convince) I had ever heard.
5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地
[典例]
1). Can you direct me (to the station)
2). She has a direct way of speaking.
[重点用法] direct 短语：
direct...at/towards sb./sth. __________________________
direct sb. to a place ___________________
direct sb. to do sth. _______________________________
direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done ________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He was directed _______ (介词) a table beside the window.
2). The judge directed that the mother _______ (give) custody of the children.
3). There was a police officer _______ (direct) the traffic.
6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈
[典例]
1). “I feel very afraid,” she whispered. 2). He spoke in a whisper.
[重点用法] whisper 短语：
whisper sth. __________________ whisper to sb. _____________________
whisper sth. to sb. _________________ whisper to sb. that… ______________________
whisper that…_______________ It is whispered that…_____________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He whispered a word _______ (介词) my ear.
2). He whispered _______ (介词) her so that no one else would hear.
3). It _______ (whisper) that the firm is likely to go bankrupt.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的 [做表语或定语]
[典例]
1). They are too badly off to have a holiday.
2). We shouldn’t complain about being poor --- many families are much worse off.
[重点用法]
反义词：well off 过得很富；富的；富有的[做表语或定语]
[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。
1). In the old days people ______ ______ ______ (过得很差).
2). Though he is always wearing old clothes, he is ______ ______ ______ ______ (并不如你想的那么穷) as
you think.
3). In fact most people are _______ _______ _______ (要富裕) they were five yeas ago.
2. pick out 挑出；辨别出
[典例]
1). He picked out the ripest peach.
2). The window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls.
pick out sb./sth. from...... _________________________________
pick up ____________________________________________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语。
1). She _______ _______ _______ from thousands of applicants for the job.
2). We’ ll _______ _______ where we finished yesterday.
3). She soon _______ _______ French when she went to live in France.
4). _______ _______ those books that you’d like to read.
3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等)
[典例]
1). Our water supply has been cut off.
2). If you don’ t pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off.
[重点用法] cut短语：
cut down _________ cut in ________ cut up ______________
cut sth in half/two________________ cut sth into halves/thirds/quarters/_______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的cut短语或介词。
1). The village was ________ ________ from the outside world by the heavy snow for days.
2). She always ________ ________ when other people are talking.
3). I won’ t have a cigarette, thanks --- I’ m trying to ________ ________ on them.
4). He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down ________ (介词)￡350.
5). She ________ ________ the vegetables and then put them into the hot pot.
4. star in 在……主演；担任主角
[典例]
She is to star in a new film.
[重点用法] star短语：
star sb (in sth.) _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语或介词。
1). Ben Kingsley ________ ________ the film “Gandhi”.
2). The director wanted to star Michael Caine ________ (介词) his new film.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy! _________________________________________________________
[解释] not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。如：
Who were you with last night Not that I care, of course. 你昨晚和谁在一起？当然我不计较。
[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。
1). Kate had lost some weight --- ______ ______ ______ ______(我倒不关心).
2). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我并不是说这个很要紧), but how did you spend the money I gave you
2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[解释] 此句中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；astonishing是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。如：
It is hardly surprising that rumours continue to circulate.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生”，v-ing 可用在感官动词(see, notice, watch, look at, find, hear, listen to, feel, catch)和表示“致使”意义的动词(get, have, keep, leave)后作宾语补足语。 如：Can you smell anything burning in the kitchen
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). It’ s not _______ (surprise) that you’ re putting on weight, considering how much you’ re eating.
2). I’ m sorry to have kept you _______ (wait) for so long.
3). She caught them _______ (steal) her apples.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Charlie Chaplin, born in a poor family, showed an 1 (astonish) talent as a performer as soon as he could walk. 2 (不幸地), his father died young, leaving his family even 3 (badly). In his teens, he could act the fool doing __4___(日常的)task, whom no one was 5 (bore) watching. Later on, Chaplin directed, produced and __6__(主演)in a series of funny movies, which made people laugh at a time when they felt 7 (depress), so they could feel more content with their lives. The little tramp, who was a 8 (home) man with a moustache, large trousers, 9___
Unit 1 Great women and their achievements
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate
词形变化 1. ______________ vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 __________________n.联系关系；连接
2.____________ vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 ___________ n.[c]争论；争辩；
3.____________ n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 _______________ adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的
4.__________vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 ___________ n. 鼓舞；灵感 ____________ adj.受灵感启示的_____________adj.鼓舞人心的
5._____________adj.体贴的，体谅的 _______________ n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 ___________________ adj.相当大(或多)的
6. _____________ vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说) _____________ n.[c,u]投递；演讲 ____________ 递送者
重点单词 1. ______________ n.[C]成就，功绩 2. ______________ vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现3. _________________ vt. 观察；观测；遵守4.______________vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 5. _______________ vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 6._______________ vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人7._______________ vt. 计划；打算 8._______________vt. 接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说)
重点词组 1. _______________________ / _____蔑视；瞧不起2._______________ 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言3. ________________(偶然) 遇见；碰见4. ______________ 继续；坚持5. _________/_________________过着……的生活
重点句子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them.
重点语法 主谓一致（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. campaign / war / battle
【解释】war “战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle “战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”campaign for/against 从事运动
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). They won the _______ but lost the _______. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _______ against smoking
2. worth / worthy / worthwhile
【解释】worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语，“值得……的”，“有价值的”：a worthy winner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). The necklace was ______ 100 francs at most. 2). It’ s ______ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it ______ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can’ t you find something ______ doing at all The book is _______ _______ _______ (很值得读) a second time.5). This place of interest is worthy _______ _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ /_______ _______ _______ (参观).
3. argue / debate
【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。
【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We ______ with her ______ how to go there. 2). They ______ the case for hours.3). They ______ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a ______ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 ________________ n.联系，关系；连接
2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 _______________ n.[c]争论；争辩；
3. crowd n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 ____________ adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的
4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 ________________ n. 鼓舞；灵感 _____________adj.受灵感启示的______________ adj.鼓舞人心的
5. ________________adj.体贴的，体谅的 ________________n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 ___________________adj.相当大(或多)的
6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说) delivery n.[c,u]投递；演讲 deliverer 递送者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). It was ________ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.2). The good news _______ (inspire) us with hope.3). The children had an _______ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on ________ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into ________ (consider), the event was a great success.6). The narrow roads were ________ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). What is the _______ (connect) between the two ideas
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯
[典例]
1). Behave yourself; don’ t make a fool of yourself.
2). How is your new car behaving
[重点用法]
behave oneself ______________________ behaviour towards/to... _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). It’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (举止得体) at the table.
2). She is always _______ _______ (举止得体) at school.
3). Their _______ (behave) _______ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.
2. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成
[典例]
1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。
2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。
[重点用法]
achieve an aim / goal达到目标 achieve success 获得成功
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Without the support of the people we can _______ _______.
2). I have achieved only half of _______ I hope to do.
3). Congratulations to you (介词) _______ such a complete victory.
3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.[u] 观察；观测；监视
[典例]
1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank.
2). The woman was observed to follow him closely.
[重点用法]
observe sb. do sth. _____________________ observe sb. doing sth. _____________________
under observation ____________________
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). They were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.
2). Keynes _______ _______ (观察到) humans fall into two classes.
4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视
[典例]
1). If you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you
2). I have the greatest respect for you.
[重点用法]
respect sb. for sth.______________________
have / show respect for sb./sth. _________________________
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb._______________________
out of respect ________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The new officer soon ________ (赢得) the respect of his men.
2). I ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.
3). I have great respect _______ (介词) his ideas, although I don’ t agree with them.
5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；争吵
[典例]
1). Don’ t argue with your mother.
2). I argued that we needed a larger office.
[重点用法]
argue for (sb./sth.)____________________ argue against (sb./sth.) ___________________-
argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) _________________ argue that... _____________________
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. ___________________________
have an argument about/over sth. _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (说服她加入) us.
2). We argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal.
6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人
[典例]
1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries
2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him.
[重点用法]
support sb./ a family ___________________
support sb. in (doing) sth. ________________________
support sb. by (doing) sth. _______________________
in support of sb/sth __________________________
support oneself _________________
give support to sb. _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Will you support me _______ (介词) my campaign for election
2). Jim was a great support _______ (介词) them when their father died.
3). 我求学期间由父母供养。
________________________________________________________________________
7. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的
[典例]
1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying.
2). I intend you to take over.
[重点用法]
intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. ___________________
sth. be intended for_____________________
intend sb. to do sth._______________________
intend sth. as/to be _______________________
intend that... 打算……
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). This book is ______ ______ ______ (是为初学者写的).
2). Was that remark intended _______ (介词) a joke
3). I didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished.
8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递 deliverer 递送者，交货人
[典例]
1). The baby was delivered in a clinic.
rade Yang delivered the opening speech.
[重点用法]
deliver a baby ____________________ delivere sth. to ...... ______________________
express delivery________________ on delivery _________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介词) the schoo1.
2). The actor _______ his speech _______ (介词) a soft voice.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起
[典例]
1). She looks down on people who've never been to university.
2). You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor.
[重点用法] look短语：
look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. As_____________ look on ____________________
look into sth. ______________________ look up _________________________
look (sb.) up and down _______________________ look out for sb/sth_________________________
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). He was ______ ______ ______ (被人看不起) because of his humble background.
2). He is ______ ______ _______ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.
3). If you want to know how a word is used, ______it ______ in a dictionary.
2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言
[典例]
1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
[重点用法]
refer to sb./sth. as ___________________ refer sth./sb. to __________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指).
2). He gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes.
3). He likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”.
4). My doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist
3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见
[典例]
1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
[短语归纳] come短语：
come about = happen ______________ come from _____________
come out _____________________________________________
come up _____________________
come up with sth __________________________
[练习] 用come短语的适当形式填空。
1). I _______ _______ some new words while reading.
2). His new book will _______ _______ next month.
3). She _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales.
4). Can you tell me how the accident _______ _______
5). How did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were
4. carry on 继续；坚持
[典例]
1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away.
2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather.
[短语归纳] carry短语：
carry on (doing sth/with sth.) ______________________________
carry out _________________________
carry out a plan/orders/instructions_____________________________
carry sth through ______________________
carry about_________________
carry away___________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。
1). They decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather.
2). Extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient.
3). It is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______.
4). Don’ t blame me. I’ m only _______ _______ my orders.
5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活
[典例]
They live a peaceful life.
[短语归纳] “v. + 同源宾语”结构：
smile a... smile _________________________ dream a... dream ________________________
sleep a... sleep ________________________ sing a... song _______________________
die a... death ……__________________ fight a... battle___________________
laugh a... laugh ______________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). We are living happily. = We are living _______ _______ _______.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived!
3). I _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()
[解释] 动名词做主语的用法：
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。
动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：
1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。
2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
②用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：
1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
2). It’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。
动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：
Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). Talking _______ (mend) no holes.
2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
3). Is it any good _______ (try) to explain
2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。
[解释] 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将
助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：
1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。
2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。
注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：
1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。
2). Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。
[练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。
1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。
[解释] as...as possible = as... as one can “尽可能”，第一个as可接adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.[u]，如：
1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can.
2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can.
3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can.
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。
__________________________________________________________________________________
2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。
__________________________________________________________________________________
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境）since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women.
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。Jane Goodall的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。
This passage introduces _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.【原句】Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。
[模仿要点] 句子结构 现在分词，+主句
【模仿1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。
_______________________________________________________________________________.
【模仿2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2 【原句】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：Only +状语（主句要倒装）
【模仿1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
三、单元自测
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：221 完成时间：14分钟 难度：***
I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, "Don't watch the 22 when you say, “I'm sorry”.Hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he'll know you mean it."
My mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. You must never 24 to be doing something else. You do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your fault. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners.
One of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. That, after all, is the purpose of every apology. It 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one's actions encourages others to take their share of the blame.
21. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas
22. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom
23. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye
24. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect
25. A. poorer B. weaker C. worse D. lower
26. A. cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly
27. A. raise B. perform C. admit D. bear
28. A. situation B. need C. sign D. room
29. A. wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer
30. A. cares B. matters C. depends D. remains
2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
词数：180 完成时间：9分钟 难度：***
Mr Vincent was tired of living in the big city where he worked. He wanted to move to the country and 31 (live) in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day. He was looking for a house 32 he saw an ad in a newspaper one day. The ad said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a 33 (reason) price, and the house was 34 a stone's throw of a railway station 35 which there were frequent trains to the big city.
"That's exactly 36 I need." Mr. Vincent said to 37 . So he called the house agency and arranged to go down by train 38 next day to have a look at the house. The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. 39 took them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. 40 they reached, Mr. Vincent said angrily, "I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper."
3.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：315 完成时间：7分钟 难度：***
Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends.
It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed.
"They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project.
Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced pervasive (普遍的) long-term exclusion from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness.
The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion.
It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends.
"With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen.
The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.
41. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT _________.
A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender
42. The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_________”.
A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience
43. One of the major purposes of the research is to _________.
A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion
B. remind children to be careful while making friends
C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers
D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model
44. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _________.
A. keep their groups purer
B. make their groups more socially powerful
C. refuse other customs and cultures
D. prove their groups to be strict
45. The proper title for this passage is _________.
A. Techniques of making friends
B. Social communication among kids
C. Making friends -- a special culture
D. Kids' complex way of making friends
4.基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)
周笔畅宣布退出“超女”演唱会巡演，重返校园。有些学生认为她应该回校读书，有些学生则不以为然。如果你是她，你会选择退出还是留下 请根据以下表格的内容，以Wise Choice为题，为《英语广场》杂志写一篇英语短文。
看法 理由
应该回校读书 1．演出花费太多的时间和精力2．不能集中精力学习3．对未来自身的发展不利
应该参加演出 1．演出提供了一个展示才华的舞台2．丰富演出经验，有利于将来的音乐生涯3．不应使歌迷们失望
你的观点可以自由发挥。
[写作要求]
1．行文应连贯，内容应完整。
2．题目和开头语已经给出。
3．用5句话完成。
Wise Choice
After the singing competition "Super Girls' Voice", Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the "Super Girls" tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise...
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Working the land
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
词形变化 1.______________n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 ___________adj. 饥饿的
2.___________ v.使变大；伸展 ____________n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3.________________ vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要 _____________ adj. 对……表示满意_______________/s_______________ adj. 令人满意的 ________________ n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 ____________ n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到 ________________n.被发现的事物，发现 ______________ n. 发现者
重点单词 1. ___________vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 2. _____________ vt.&vi. 配备；装备 3. ____________(_______________) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜4. ______________vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 5. ___________vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.[c,u] 焦点；中心点6.______________ vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.[c,u] 评论；议论
重点词组 1. _________________ 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)2.______________ 使某人/某物摆脱3. ____________________ 对……表示满足或满意4. ________________宁愿……5.________________ 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发6._____________ 导致；造成（后果）；通往7. ____________________________使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
重点句子 1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
重点语法 V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. expand / extend / spread / stretch
【解释】 expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张extend 强调向某一方向的延长spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用
【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。1). The man _______ the information around. 2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.4). She _______ out her hands to meet me.5). The project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 4). stretch 5). expand
2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession
【解释】occupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。
【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。1). She has a good ________ in the bank. 2). She is an architect by ________. 3). She abandoned her stage ________.4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________. 5). Please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form.
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. _________ n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 hungry adj. 饥饿的
2. expand v.使变大；伸展 _______________n.[u,c]扩大；扩展
3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要 ________________ adj. 对……表示满意______________/____________ adj. 令人满意的 _____________________n. 满意
4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 __________________n.自由
5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 ________________ n.[u] 装备；设备
6. discover vt.发现，找到 ________________ n.被发现的事物，发现 ____________________ n. 发现者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of ________ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the world population should ________ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid ________ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports ________ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6). The people there enjoy complete ________ (free) of speech. 7). The ________ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many ________ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil.
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
[典例]
1). They were struggling to get out the burning car.
2). The book is about their struggle for liberation.
[词语归纳]
struggle for________________________ struggle with / against______________________
struggle to do sth.___________________ struggle to one’ s feet_________________
a life-and-death struggle_____________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). They are ________ (为……而斗争) the position
2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese.(介词)
3). The fox struggled ________ (escape).
4). He _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.
2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备
[典例]
1). They equipped themselves for the expedition.
2). A good education should equip you for life.
[重点用法]
equip sb./sth. with ________________________
equip sb./sth. for ____________________________
a piece of office equipment _________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons.
2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children.
3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.
4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.
3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜
[典例]
1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it.
2). I regret to say the job has been filled.
[重点用法]
regret to say/tell/announce/inform____________________________________
regret doing / having done sth. ____________________________
regret that _____________________
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young.
2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.
3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed.
4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低
[典例]
1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos.
2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State.
[重点用法]
reduce sth (from...) to... _____________________________ reduce sth. by... ________________
[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。
1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month.
2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.
3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.
5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点
[典例]
1). Focus your camera.
2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention.
[重点用法]
focus on________________ focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on________________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues.
2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.
3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment.
6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论
[典例]
1). The scandal caused a lot of comment.
2). “Will you resign, Minister ” “No comment!”
[重点用法]
comment on/about sth./sb._____________________________
make comments/no comment on sth./sb.__________________________________
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments
2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made.
3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)
[典例]
1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved.
2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
[重点用法]
thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：
1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident.
2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow.
4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better .
5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game .
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句)
___________________________________________________________________________
3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。
___________________________________________________________________________
2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱……
[典例]
1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine.
2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.
[重点用法] rid 短语：
be rid of ______________________ get rid of ________________________
rid a house of mice _______________________ rid oneself of debt ____________________
[类似用法动词]
inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… _______________________________
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.
2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.
3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.
4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.
5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.
6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.
3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意
[典例]
1). I was not satisfied with the result.
2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you.
[重点用法]
sth. satisfy sb. _______________________ sb. is satisfied sth. _______________________
be satisfied to do ______________________ be satisfied that clause ____________________
a satisfied smile ___________________ a satisfied customer___________________
feel a sense of satisfaction_____________________ to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction ______________________
far from satisfactory _________________________
it is satisfying (to do sth) ___________________________
a satisfactory explanation / performance______________________
get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work __________________________
[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。
1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it.
2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me.
3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).
4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.
5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.
6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.
4. would rather 宁愿……
[典例]
1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus.
2). “Some more wine ” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”
[重点用法]
would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) ____________________________
would rather sb. did sth.__________________________________
[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.
2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk).
3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发
[典例]
1). You need more protein to build you up.
2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation.
[练习] 翻译填空。
1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.
2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles.
3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.
6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往
[典例]
1). This misprint led to great confusion.
2). His actions could lead to him losing his job.
[短语归纳] lead短语：
lead sb. to ____________________ lead sb. to do sth. _____________________
lead sb. in doing sth. _________________________ lead to sb. doing sth. _______________
[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。
1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War.
2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife
3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.
4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.
5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.
6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research.
7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.
8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.
7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
[典例]
1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。
2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.
2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
[解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/... + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如：
1). He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。
2). The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). I think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this.
2). I’ d be the first ________ (admit) I might be wrong.
2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
[解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时
真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove
等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。
再如：
1). The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.
2). We make it a rule to do some English practice before class.
3). Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.
4). Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin
[练习] 翻译句子。
1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。
___________________________________________________________________________
2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。
___________________________________________________________________________
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Yuan Longping, the Father of 1 (超级杂交稻), is a famous scientist. he has 2 (奋斗)for the past five 3 (十年) for the Chinese farmers. In 1953 when Dr Yuan graduated from college, 4 (hungry) was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. ____5____, Yuan wanted to help ___6__(摆脱)his motherland of hunger by increasing the rice output without 7 (expand) the area of the fields and he made it. Dr Yuan’s another dream is to 8 (出口) his rice to the world. Thanks 9 Dr Yuan, the UN has more tools in the battle against hunger ____10____the world.
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
袁隆平是我国最著名的科学家之一，已经取得了伟大成就，通过培植超级杂交稻使世界消除饥饿。不过，他不在乎名利和金钱，过着贫穷的生活。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1.【原句】Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 事实上，他黑黝黝的脸和胳膊和他的苗条，强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民的一样，在过去50年来他一直为他们而奋斗。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 主句，+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句
【模仿1】在学校里，他学习许多科目，如中文，数学，英语，物理，化学，计算机等，其中他最喜欢英语。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，唱英语歌曲，集邮，他最喜欢收集邮票。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．【原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植被称之为高产量的杂交水稻。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句
【模仿1】学生喜欢生活中如何新的东西。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【模仿2】通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 【原句】Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 1930年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭，，袁博士于1953年毕业于西南农业大学。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句
【模仿1】配备了电子词典，学生觉得学习英语更容易和更方便了。
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【模仿2】位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。
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三、单元自测
1.完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：173 完成时间：13分钟 难度：***
Parents usually have the test intentions when it comes to making sure their kids are growing up healthy. But it can be a 21 , especially with a picky eater or a child who 22 videogames to playing outdoors. The reality is that exhausted and overworked parents often 23 making food choices based on 24 -- serving the meal that's most appealing, not necessarily the most nutritious, or 25 it in front of a TV. Such habits take a toll. Last year, the International Obesity Task Force 26 that more than 35 percent of American children ranging from 6 to 17 exceed- ed their ideal body weight, which can 27 to serious long-term health problems like heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病), as well as 28 and low self-esteem (自尊). Good health choices can also 29 a long way -- not just toward physical health, but mental health and intellectual success, too. Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia found last year that kids who play vigorously (精神旺盛地) for 20 to 40 minutes actually do 30 in school and are happier.
21. A. coincidence B. challenge C. difficulty D. puzzle
22. A. prefers B. devotes C. contributes D. addicts
23. A. start with B. insist on C. object to D. end up
24. A. nutrition B. menu C. convenience D. preference
25. A. offering B. showing C. having D. sharing
26. A. predicted B. estimated C. valued D. proclaimed
27. A. stick B. tend C. see D. lead
28. A. oppression B. desperation C. depression D. repression
29. A. come B. go C. find D. extend
30. A. better B. faster C. more D. earlier
2. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：156 完成时间：8分钟 难度：***
Even in China today, most 31 (ability) teenagers have to go to special schools to receive 32 education. I know people are trying to give them more help, comfort and care, 33 I don't quite agree with such idea.
Disabled people's life is difficult and frustrating. 34 we should give them a hand in their normal life. But despite their disability, they're complete. They have their own thoughts and feelings, we can't say disability will limit a person's life. So it's necessary for them to study 35 (independent) and equally just as normal people. If they 36 (ask) to go to the special school, they will probably treat themselves 37 special, unlucky people. That will make them 38 (lose) hope.
39 the disabled people need the most is confidence and dignity. Most of them hate 40 feeling that they always need others' help. They just want to prove themselves as we do.
In a word, help is essential, but we should give the disabled more individual space.
3. 信息匹配
请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，从所给的选项A、B、C、D、E和F中按照要求匹配信息。
首先，请阅读下列有关颜色偏好和性格的关系的应用文：
A. GOLD According to the True Colors system people who choose GOLD as their primary color like to fit in or to belong. They tend to be reliable people who enjoy serving others and things like traditions. Home is very important to them. They need order and structure. They don't like waste or change.
B. ORANGE People who choose ORANGE as their primary color need a lot of variety and freedom. They take pride in being highly skilled. They enjoy "hand-on" work and often are good in a crisis. They are risk takers, seek challenges.
C. YELLOW People who choose YELLOW as their primary color are curious about everything, and they are confident and knowledgeable. They love sports very much and they work high efficiently.
D. GREEN People who choose GREEN as their primary color are competent and want to control the realities of life. They are analytical and enjoy solving problems and developing systems. They love intelligence and logic. They are often critical of themselves and others.
E. BLUE People who choose BLUE as their primary color enjoy close relationships. Harmony and integrity(诚实)are very important. These people are often very creative or they enjoy the creative work of others.
F. RED People who choose RED as their primary color are always full of vigour (活力 ) and they tend to be confident all the time. It seems like they are ready to do anything and they will be successful. And they have a strong desire of power.
请阅读以下根据员工性格来促进工作效率的方法的信息，然后匹配上面的信息。
41. Creating a warm and personal working atmosphere; establishing a peaceful working environment and trying to avoid conflicts; allowing them the freedom to express their felling praising their creative approach to the job; praising them with their good jobs.
42. Assigning work which needs detailed planning; defining the tasks in clear terms; providing a stable work environment and avoiding sudden change; giving standard rules and regulations and set a good examples; praising them with their good jobs.
43. Assigning work which needs analytical thinking and problem-solving; encouraging them to think independently and taking their ideas to the next step; praising them with their good jobs.
44. Assigning work which is action-packed, providing opportunities to be skillful and adventurous; allowing them the freedom to the job in their own ways; praising them with their good jobs.
45. Assigning work which needs full energy; providing opportunities for job competition; if he does well, letting him know he is very likely to get promotion; praising them with their good jobs.
4.读写任务
阅读下面的对话，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Linda: How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation
Joanna: Oh, it's great. You ought to go there some day if you haven't been there already.
Linda: Well, what do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan
Joanna: Mm, it's very crowded there in summer. And it's too cold to go there in winter, so I wouldn't suggest the winter season, either. Besides, we can't afford the time when school is in session. So I would say the best time is the first few days of the summer break when people haven't started doing anything yet.
Linda: I see. How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road
Joanna: It all depends, really. If you go there by train, four days should be enough. You can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as an exchange, you'll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you'll save some money, too.
Linda: That sounds good. If I can afford the time, I think I'll take the bus. Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency
Joanna: It is hard to say which is better, you know.
Linda: Anyway, thank you very much for all the information.
[写作内容]
你的英语老师在上英语说写课时，提供以上对话给你和同桌作为英语口语训练的材料。口语练习结束后，老师要求你根据上述对话话题写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语短文。
1，以约30个词概括对话的要点。
2．然后以约120个词写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语记叙文，并包括以下要点：
(1)叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过；
(2)谈谈你的感受。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：山区the mountainous area，农村the countryside，风景区 scenic spot，原始森林natural thick forest,，灌木丛林the woods／the trees，国家森林公园 the national park ,田野the fields，牛cows，马horse，羊sheep，牲口群cattle．
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点： How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation / What do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan / How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过，属于某人的经历，故用一般过去时态。而谈谈你的感受，属于一般评论性的文字，故用一般现在时。
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Unit 3 A taste of English humour
一、语言要点
I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇部分 词语辨析 1. especially / specially / particularly 2. common / usual / ordinary3. convince / persuade
词形变化 1.______________ n. 幽默，诙谐 _______________ adj. 幽默的，诙谐的
2. __________________ n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运 _______________ adj.幸运的，侥幸的 _________________adv.幸运地，幸亏
3. __________vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事) _______________ adj.感到无趣的或单调的 ______________ adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的
4. ___________n. 嘴，口 _____________n.一口；少量
5. _______________ adj.直接的；坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导 ___________ n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导 _______________ n.指导者，主管；董事；导演
6. _____________ v. 讲解，解释 _______________ n.解释，说明，阐述
重点单词 1._____________ vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. ____________ vt. 使吃惊 3. _____________ vt. 使欢乐；款待4.______________vt. 使信服；使确信5. _____________ vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地6. __________________v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈
重点词组 1. ____________________ 过得很差；穷的；缺少的[做表语或定语]2. __________________ 挑出；辨别出3. _______________ 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. _______________________在……主演；担任主角
重点句子 1. Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy!2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
重点语法 V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. specially / especially / particularly
【解释】 specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其他，与众不同”，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。
【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). I like my hometown, _______ in spring. 2). These shoes were _______ made for you. 3). A committee has been _______ appointed to look into the matter.4). We did very well in this exam, _______ our monitor.
2. common / usual / ordinary
【解释】common意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与common意思接近。
【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). He arrived later than _______. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _______ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _______ American boy who kept getting into trouble.4). Our _______ workday is eight hours. 5). He’ s not an officer, but a/an ________ soldier.
3. convince / persuade
【解释】convince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。
【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). He _______ me that I should study law. 2). He _______ me not to stay. 3). The officials were eager to _______ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). I _______ (convince) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). How can we persuade him into _______ (join) us
III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. humour n._____________ humorous adj.____________
2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运 fortunate adj._______________ __________________adv.幸运地，幸亏
3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事) bored adj.___________________ boring adj.__________________________
4. mouth n. 嘴，口 ______________ n.一口；少量
5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导 _______________n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导 ____________________n.指导者，主管；董事；导演
6. explain v. 讲解，解释 ____________________ n.解释，说明，阐述
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). ________ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). He gave a ________ (humor) account of their trip to Spain first. 3). Tom went off in one ________ (direct) and Harry in another.4). He now felt ready to take on the role of ________ (direct).5). The earthquake left thousands of people ________ (home). 6). I’ m stuffed. I couldn’ t eat another ________ (mouth). 7). Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their ________ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). There is no convincing ________ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.
IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的
[典例]
1). As there’ s no cream, we’ ll have to content ourselves with black coffee.
2). He is content to remain where he is now. [重点用法]
content oneself with sth. ___________________________ be/feel content with ______________________
be content to do sth. _____________________ to one’ s heart’ s content ___________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Simple praise is enough to ______ him.
2). I like the style of the book but I don’t like the ______.
3). She _______ _______ _______ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children.
2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
[典例]
1). The news astonished everybody.
2). I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.
[重点用法]
be astonished at/by sth. __________________________ be astonished to do sth. ____________________
It astonishes sb. that _________________________ be astonished that _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). It astonished me ______ no one has thought of this before.
2). We were _______ (astonish) that he appeared at the party.
3). I find _______ quite _______ (astonish) that none of you like the play.
3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待
[典例]
1). Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.
2). Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper
[重点用法]
entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth.___________________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He entertained us for hours ________ (介词) his stories and jokes.
2). He fell in the water, much to the _________ (entertain) of the children.
3). We hired a magician to keep the children _________ (entertain).
4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的
[典例]
1). We convinced him to go by train rather than plane.
2). How can I convince you (of her honesty)
[重点用法]
convince sb. of sth._______________________________
convince sb. to do sth. _____________________
convince sb. that _________________________
be convinced of / that______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). What she said _______ (convince) me that I was mistaken.
2). I soon convinced him ______ (介词) my innocence.
3). What convinced you _______ (vote) for them
4). I’m ________ (convince) that he is guilty.
5). That was the most _______ (convince) I had ever heard.
5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地
[典例]
1). Can you direct me (to the station)
2). She has a direct way of speaking.
[重点用法] direct 短语：
direct...at/towards sb./sth. __________________________
direct sb. to a place ___________________
direct sb. to do sth. _______________________________
direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done ________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He was directed _______ (介词) a table beside the window.
2). The judge directed that the mother _______ (give) custody of the children.
3). There was a police officer _______ (direct) the traffic.
6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈
[典例]
1). “I feel very afraid,” she whispered. 2). He spoke in a whisper.
[重点用法] whisper 短语：
whisper sth. __________________ whisper to sb. _____________________
whisper sth. to sb. _________________ whisper to sb. that… ______________________
whisper that…_______________ It is whispered that…_____________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He whispered a word _______ (介词) my ear.
2). He whispered _______ (介词) her so that no one else would hear.
3). It _______ (whisper) that the firm is likely to go bankrupt.
V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的 [做表语或定语]
[典例]
1). They are too badly off to have a holiday.
2). We shouldn’t complain about being poor --- many families are much worse off.
[重点用法]
反义词：well off 过得很富；富的；富有的[做表语或定语]
[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。
1). In the old days people ______ ______ ______ (过得很差).
2). Though he is always wearing old clothes, he is ______ ______ ______ ______ (并不如你想的那么穷) as
you think.
3). In fact most people are _______ _______ _______ (要富裕) they were five yeas ago.
2. pick out 挑出；辨别出
[典例]
1). He picked out the ripest peach.
2). The window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls.
pick out sb./sth. from...... _________________________________
pick up ____________________________________________________________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语。
1). She _______ _______ _______ from thousands of applicants for the job.
2). We’ ll _______ _______ where we finished yesterday.
3). She soon _______ _______ French when she went to live in France.
4). _______ _______ those books that you’d like to read.
3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等)
[典例]
1). Our water supply has been cut off.
2). If you don’ t pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off.
[重点用法] cut短语：
cut down _________ cut in ________ cut up ______________
cut sth in half/two________________ cut sth into halves/thirds/quarters/_______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的cut短语或介词。
1). The village was ________ ________ from the outside world by the heavy snow for days.
2). She always ________ ________ when other people are talking.
3). I won’ t have a cigarette, thanks --- I’ m trying to ________ ________ on them.
4). He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down ________ (介词)￡350.
5). She ________ ________ the vegetables and then put them into the hot pot.
4. star in 在……主演；担任主角
[典例]
She is to star in a new film.
[重点用法] star短语：
star sb (in sth.) _______________________
[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的短语或介词。
1). Ben Kingsley ________ ________ the film “Gandhi”.
2). The director wanted to star Michael Caine ________ (介词) his new film.
VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy! _________________________________________________________
[解释] not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。如：
Who were you with last night Not that I care, of course. 你昨晚和谁在一起？当然我不计较。
[练习] 根据句子的意思翻译。
1). Kate had lost some weight --- ______ ______ ______ ______(我倒不关心).
2). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我并不是说这个很要紧), but how did you spend the money I gave you
2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[解释] 此句中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；astonishing是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。如：
It is hardly surprising that rumours continue to circulate.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生”，v-ing 可用在感官动词(see, notice, watch, look at, find, hear, listen to, feel, catch)和表示“致使”意义的动词(get, have, keep, leave)后作宾语补足语。 如：Can you smell anything burning in the kitchen
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). It’ s not _______ (surprise) that you’ re putting on weight, considering how much you’ re eating.
2). I’ m sorry to have kept you _______ (wait) for so long.
3). She caught them _______ (steal) her apples.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Charlie Chaplin, born in a poor family, showed an 1 (astonish) talent as a performer as soon as he could walk. 2 (不幸地), his father died young, leaving his family even 3 (badly). In his teens, he could act the fool doing __4___(日常的)task, whom no one was 5 (bore) watching. Later on, Chaplin directed, produced and __6__(主演)in a series of funny movies, which made people laugh at a time when they felt 7 (depress), so they could feel more content with their lives. The little tramp, who was a 8 (home) man with a moustache, large trousers, 9___
同课章节目录