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人教版（2019）必修一Unit 4基础练习
一、单选题
1．He often talked about the artists and paintings __________ impressed him greatly.
A．which B．who C．that D．不填
【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他经常谈论给他留下深刻印象的艺术家和绘画。__________ impressed him greatly是限制性定语从句，先行词是the artists and paintings，既有人又有物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
2．The writer said something________we should remember forever.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
【答案】B
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：作者说了一些我们应该永远记住的话。 we should remember forever是限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，指物，在从句中作remember宾语，应用关系代词that，故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
3．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn
A．that B．/ C．which D．it
【答案】A
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：氧气是唯一有助于燃烧的气体吗？ ________ helps fire burn是限制性定语从句，先行词是gas，指物，由the only修饰，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
4．When people talk about the cities of the UK, the first ________ comes into mind is London.
A．which B．what C．that D．when
【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：当人们谈论英国的城市时，首先想到的是伦敦。 comes into mind 是限制性定语从句，先行词是the first，序数词，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
5．The reason ________ he offered to explain his being late was incredible.
A．that B．why C．where D．what
【答案】A
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他提出解释迟到的原因令人难以置信。 ________ he offered to explain his being late是限制性定语从句，先行词是the reason，在从句中作offered的宾语，应用关系代词which/that，也可省略，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
二、基础填空练习
6．Skilled readers make use of c and prediction.
【答案】context
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：熟练的读者会利用上下文和预测。此处名词作宾语，与 prediction 并列，根据句意和首字母，应用 context ，“上下文，语境”，不可数，故填 context 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
7．The plate had a c in it.
【答案】crack
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：盘子上有一条裂缝。此处名词作宾语，根据句意和首字母，应用 crack “裂缝”，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 crack 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
8．The air was so cold we could hardly b .
【答案】breathe
【知识点】动词原形；实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：空气太冷了，我们几乎无法呼吸。此处是谓语动词，根据句意和首字母，应用breathe，could后接动词原形，故填 breathe 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 breathe 的应用。
9．At l my father went into the house.
【答案】length
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：终于，我父亲走进了屋子。此处名词作介词宾语，根据句意和首字母，应用 length ，at length 固定短语，“最后，终于”，作状语，故填 length 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语at length。
10．Illegal hunting is threatening the (survive) of the species.
【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：非法狩猎威胁着该物种的生存。此处名词作宾语， survive 是动词，“生存”，其名词是 survival ，不可数名词，故填 survival 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
11．You can expect the (deliver) of food in a week to ten days.
【答案】delivery
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：您可以期望在一周到十天内送达食物。此处名词作宾语， deliver 动词，“派送”，其名词是 delivery ，作宾语，故填 delivery 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
12．When the runners got to the finishing line,all of them were quite out of (breathe).
【答案】breath
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：当跑者到达终点线时，一个个都气喘吁吁。out of breath固定短语，”气喘吁吁，上气不接下气“，故填breath。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语out of breath。
三、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Climate change (气候变化) influences people in many ways. Extreme weather and sea-level rise can destroy homes. People can suffer physical harm from the effects of rising greenhouse gases. 13． And children and teens are especially at risk of suffering from such mental problems, according to a new report.
"The brains of children and teens are still growing and developing," says Lise Van Susteren. She is an expert on the mental-health effects of climate change. Those growing brains make young people especially easily influenced by climate change. For example, many kids worry that the influences of climate change are expected to only worsen. 14． Not every young person will have these feelings. But for many, the feelings can get in the way of their normal life.
Luckily, there are things the young can do to deal with bad feelings. For example, Van Susteren advises, " 15． These are people who can help you let these feelings out."
Susie Burke is an expert providing mental health care in Melbourne, Australia.
16． Playing outside can help children keep calm. It can also improve someone's ability to pay full attention to things.
17． For example, 14-year-old Milou Albrecht is an activist (积极分子). Since last year, she has been one of the members of Australia's energy-saving programs. Milou says doing something to stop climate change helps her relax to some degree.
A. Talk with your friends or families.
B. She encourages students to get out in nature.
C. No part of the world has been left untouched.
D. The most important thing is to have a sense of hope.
E. It's also a great way to take action to protect the environment.
F. But climate change can also be bad for people's mental health.
G. This can cause feelings of sadness, fear, worry and nervousness.
【答案】13．F；14．G；15．A；16．B；17．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，气候变化可能会对儿童和青少年精神上产生负面影响。作者提供了几条处理这种负面情绪的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前” People can suffer physical harm from the effects of rising greenhouse gases. “人们可能会因温室气体上升的影响而遭受身体伤害；以及空后“ And children and teens are especially at risk of suffering from such mental problems ”儿童和青少年尤其容易患上此类精神问题。可推知,空格处提到了气候变化对人类精神上造成的影响。F. But climate change can also be bad for people's mental health.”但气候变化也可能不利于人们的心理健康。“符合语境，故选F。
14．根据空前”many kids worry that the influences of climate change are expected to only worsen.“很多孩子担心气候变化的影响只会恶化；以及空后”But for many, the feelings can get in the way of their normal life.“但对许多人来说，这些感觉会妨碍他们的正常生活。可推知G. This can cause feelings of sadness, fear, worry and nervousness.“这会导致伤心,恐惧、担忧和紧张等情绪”。符合语境，故选G。
15．根据空前”Luckily, there are things the young can do to deal with bad feelings.“幸运的是，年轻人可以做一些事情来应对不良情绪。介绍年轻人处理由气候变化带来的负面情绪的方法；以及空后"These are people who can help you letthese feelings out."这些人可以帮助你释放这些感受。可推知,此处提到年轻人可以把自己的负面情绪通过与其他人诉说的方式发泄出来。 A. Talk with your friends or families. ”与你的朋友或家人交谈。“承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
16．根据空后”Playing outside can help children keep calm.“在户外玩耍可以帮助孩子保持冷静。可推知本段给出的建议是鼓励儿童和青少年走进大自然。B. She encourages students to get out in nature.”她鼓励学生走出大自然。“符合语境，故选B。
17．根据空后”For example, 14-year-old Milou Albrecht is an activist (积极分子). Since last year, she has been one of the members of Australia's energy-saving programs. Milou says doing something to stop climate change helps her relax to some degree.“例如，14 岁的 Milou Albrecht 是一名活动家。 自去年以来，她一直是澳大利亚节能计划的成员之一。Milou 说，做一些事情来阻止气候变化有助于她在一定程度上放松。可推知,E. It's also a great way to take action to protect the environment.“采取行动保护环境也是(处理气候变化导致的负面情绪的)一个极好的方式”。符合语境，故选E。
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
About 400 people were brought together in some 20 positions throughout Stanford to carry out an earthquake drill (演习).
The earthquake drill was a year in the planning. It included both Stanford University and Stanford Medicine emergency operation (行动) centers. The university frequently practices emergency plans, but this drill was different from the earlier ones.
This drill asked the university to consider how everyone in the school took on duty after an earthquake. How would Stanford continue to feed thousands of people and take action in the face of damage to the university How would it answer the thousands of people who called the university and who were worried about their loved ones
"We wanted to create an experience centering mainly on recovery (恢 复), rather than the immediate life safety you would experience right after an earthquake," said Keith Perry, university emergency manager and training and communications manager for Environmental Health and Safety.
The actions of all the people surprised Police Chief Laura Wilson, whose job was to manage the many people in the main EOC in the Faculty Club. "I really wanted to express my thanks to the teamwork of everyone," she said. "My job was made much easier by the fact that people practice and know what to do. This is a finely honed (打磨) machine."
Peter is an experienced worker of Stanford Medicine EOC. He believes that with each drill carried out, people get better at protecting public safety, repairing the damage to the university and quickly returning the university to normal teaching and researching activities. "I think everyone learned a lot today," he said.
18．What do we know about Stanford University
A．Big earthquakes hit it before.
B．It often holds earthquake drills.
C．It planned to work with Stanford Medicine EOC.
D．About 400 students there survived an earthquake.
19．Why was this drill different from the earlier ones
A．It put people's life safety first.
B．It included Stanford Medicine EOC.
C．It centered on the recovery after earthquakes.
D．It was carried out throughout the whole school.
20．What does Police Chief Laura Wilson mean by saying "This is a finely honed machine" in Paragraph 5
A．The drill went very smoothly.
B．The EOC worked as a machine.
C．The university's machines worked normally.
D．Students have full knowledge of earthquakes.
21．What's Peter's attitude to earthquake drills
A．Uninterested. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
【答案】18．C
19．C
20．A
21．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了 Stanford 大学计划进行地震演习，这次演习不同于以往，它注重地震后的恢复。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
18．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The earthquake drill was a year in the planning. It included both Stanford University and Stanford Medicine emergency operation centers. ”地震演习计划进行了一年。包括斯坦福大学和斯坦福医学院的紧急手术中心。可知，斯坦福大学计划和斯坦福医学急救中心合作，故选C。
19．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We wanted to create an experience centering mainly on recovery，rather than the immediate life safety you would experience right after an earthquake.”我们想创造一种主要以恢复为主的体验，而不是地震后立即体验到的生命安全。可知，这次地震演习主要注重地震后的恢复。故选C。
20．考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的"My job was made much easier by the fact that people practice and know what to do. This is a finely honed （打磨） machine.”我的工作因为人们练习和知道做什么而变得容易多了。这是一台打磨好的机器。可知，“ This is a finely honed (打磨) machine. ”这句话的意思是"演习进展顺利"。故选A。
21．考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“He believes that with each drill carried out，people get better at protecting public safety，repairing the damage to the university and quickly returning the university to normal teaching and researching activities. ‘I think everyone learned a lot today，’he said.”他认为，随着每一次演习的开展，人们在保护公共安全、修复对大学的破坏以及迅速使大学恢复正常的教学和研究活动方面都做得更好。"我想今天大家都学到了很多。"可知，Peter对地震演练的态度是积极的。故选D。
五、书面表达
22．应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从网上得知你的英国好友Tom所在的城市爱丁堡遭到了飓风的袭击。请你给他发送一封邮件，内容包括：
1）得知飓风信息； 2）询问他及家人情况； 3）给予安慰。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Tom,
How are you and your family doing I feel really sad to learn the news from the Internet that a terrible hurricane struck your city and caused damage.
It is reported that a large number of houses now lie in ruins. I am really concerned for everything with you and your family. Please let me know about your condition as soon as possible. And if you need any help, please let me know. Don't worry, and everything will be fine.
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封邮件。写作背景：你从网上得知你的英国好友Tom所在的城市爱丁堡遭到了飓风的袭击。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）得知飓风信息； 2）询问他及家人情况； 3）给予安慰。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。 例如： I feel really sad to learn the news from the Internet that a terrible hurricane struck your city and caused damage.运用了不定式作原因状语，同位语从句；It is reported that a large number of houses now lie in ruins.运用了主语从句；Please let me know about your condition as soon as possible. 运用了祈使句；And if you need any help, please let me know. 运用了条件状语从句，祈使句；Don't worry, and everything will be fine.运用了祈使句，并列句。
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人教版（2019）必修一Unit 4基础练习
一、单选题
1．He often talked about the artists and paintings __________ impressed him greatly.
A．which B．who C．that D．不填
2．The writer said something________we should remember forever.
A．which B．that C．what D．how
3．Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn
A．that B．/ C．which D．it
4．When people talk about the cities of the UK, the first ________ comes into mind is London.
A．which B．what C．that D．when
5．The reason ________ he offered to explain his being late was incredible.
A．that B．why C．where D．what
二、基础填空练习
6．Skilled readers make use of c and prediction.
7．The plate had a c in it.
8．The air was so cold we could hardly b .
9．At l my father went into the house.
10．Illegal hunting is threatening the (survive) of the species.
11．You can expect the (deliver) of food in a week to ten days.
12．When the runners got to the finishing line,all of them were quite out of (breathe).
三、任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Climate change (气候变化) influences people in many ways. Extreme weather and sea-level rise can destroy homes. People can suffer physical harm from the effects of rising greenhouse gases. 13． And children and teens are especially at risk of suffering from such mental problems, according to a new report.
"The brains of children and teens are still growing and developing," says Lise Van Susteren. She is an expert on the mental-health effects of climate change. Those growing brains make young people especially easily influenced by climate change. For example, many kids worry that the influences of climate change are expected to only worsen. 14． Not every young person will have these feelings. But for many, the feelings can get in the way of their normal life.
Luckily, there are things the young can do to deal with bad feelings. For example, Van Susteren advises, " 15． These are people who can help you let these feelings out."
Susie Burke is an expert providing mental health care in Melbourne, Australia.
16． Playing outside can help children keep calm. It can also improve someone's ability to pay full attention to things.
17． For example, 14-year-old Milou Albrecht is an activist (积极分子). Since last year, she has been one of the members of Australia's energy-saving programs. Milou says doing something to stop climate change helps her relax to some degree.
A. Talk with your friends or families.
B. She encourages students to get out in nature.
C. No part of the world has been left untouched.
D. The most important thing is to have a sense of hope.
E. It's also a great way to take action to protect the environment.
F. But climate change can also be bad for people's mental health.
G. This can cause feelings of sadness, fear, worry and nervousness.
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
About 400 people were brought together in some 20 positions throughout Stanford to carry out an earthquake drill (演习).
The earthquake drill was a year in the planning. It included both Stanford University and Stanford Medicine emergency operation (行动) centers. The university frequently practices emergency plans, but this drill was different from the earlier ones.
This drill asked the university to consider how everyone in the school took on duty after an earthquake. How would Stanford continue to feed thousands of people and take action in the face of damage to the university How would it answer the thousands of people who called the university and who were worried about their loved ones
"We wanted to create an experience centering mainly on recovery (恢 复), rather than the immediate life safety you would experience right after an earthquake," said Keith Perry, university emergency manager and training and communications manager for Environmental Health and Safety.
The actions of all the people surprised Police Chief Laura Wilson, whose job was to manage the many people in the main EOC in the Faculty Club. "I really wanted to express my thanks to the teamwork of everyone," she said. "My job was made much easier by the fact that people practice and know what to do. This is a finely honed (打磨) machine."
Peter is an experienced worker of Stanford Medicine EOC. He believes that with each drill carried out, people get better at protecting public safety, repairing the damage to the university and quickly returning the university to normal teaching and researching activities. "I think everyone learned a lot today," he said.
18．What do we know about Stanford University
A．Big earthquakes hit it before.
B．It often holds earthquake drills.
C．It planned to work with Stanford Medicine EOC.
D．About 400 students there survived an earthquake.
19．Why was this drill different from the earlier ones
A．It put people's life safety first.
B．It included Stanford Medicine EOC.
C．It centered on the recovery after earthquakes.
D．It was carried out throughout the whole school.
20．What does Police Chief Laura Wilson mean by saying "This is a finely honed machine" in Paragraph 5
A．The drill went very smoothly.
B．The EOC worked as a machine.
C．The university's machines worked normally.
D．Students have full knowledge of earthquakes.
21．What's Peter's attitude to earthquake drills
A．Uninterested. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
五、书面表达
22．应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从网上得知你的英国好友Tom所在的城市爱丁堡遭到了飓风的袭击。请你给他发送一封邮件，内容包括：
1）得知飓风信息； 2）询问他及家人情况； 3）给予安慰。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
答案解析部分
1．【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他经常谈论给他留下深刻印象的艺术家和绘画。__________ impressed him greatly是限制性定语从句，先行词是the artists and paintings，既有人又有物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
2．【答案】B
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：作者说了一些我们应该永远记住的话。 we should remember forever是限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，指物，在从句中作remember宾语，应用关系代词that，故选B。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
3．【答案】A
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：氧气是唯一有助于燃烧的气体吗？ ________ helps fire burn是限制性定语从句，先行词是gas，指物，由the only修饰，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：当人们谈论英国的城市时，首先想到的是伦敦。 comes into mind 是限制性定语从句，先行词是the first，序数词，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that，故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他提出解释迟到的原因令人难以置信。 ________ he offered to explain his being late是限制性定语从句，先行词是the reason，在从句中作offered的宾语，应用关系代词which/that，也可省略，故选A。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
6．【答案】context
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：熟练的读者会利用上下文和预测。此处名词作宾语，与 prediction 并列，根据句意和首字母，应用 context ，“上下文，语境”，不可数，故填 context 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
7．【答案】crack
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：盘子上有一条裂缝。此处名词作宾语，根据句意和首字母，应用 crack “裂缝”，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 crack 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
8．【答案】breathe
【知识点】动词原形；实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：空气太冷了，我们几乎无法呼吸。此处是谓语动词，根据句意和首字母，应用breathe，could后接动词原形，故填 breathe 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 breathe 的应用。
9．【答案】length
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：终于，我父亲走进了屋子。此处名词作介词宾语，根据句意和首字母，应用 length ，at length 固定短语，“最后，终于”，作状语，故填 length 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语at length。
10．【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：非法狩猎威胁着该物种的生存。此处名词作宾语， survive 是动词，“生存”，其名词是 survival ，不可数名词，故填 survival 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
11．【答案】delivery
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：您可以期望在一周到十天内送达食物。此处名词作宾语， deliver 动词，“派送”，其名词是 delivery ，作宾语，故填 delivery 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
12．【答案】breath
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：当跑者到达终点线时，一个个都气喘吁吁。out of breath固定短语，”气喘吁吁，上气不接下气“，故填breath。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语out of breath。
【答案】13．F；14．G；15．A；16．B；17．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，气候变化可能会对儿童和青少年精神上产生负面影响。作者提供了几条处理这种负面情绪的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前” People can suffer physical harm from the effects of rising greenhouse gases. “人们可能会因温室气体上升的影响而遭受身体伤害；以及空后“ And children and teens are especially at risk of suffering from such mental problems ”儿童和青少年尤其容易患上此类精神问题。可推知,空格处提到了气候变化对人类精神上造成的影响。F. But climate change can also be bad for people's mental health.”但气候变化也可能不利于人们的心理健康。“符合语境，故选F。
14．根据空前”many kids worry that the influences of climate change are expected to only worsen.“很多孩子担心气候变化的影响只会恶化；以及空后”But for many, the feelings can get in the way of their normal life.“但对许多人来说，这些感觉会妨碍他们的正常生活。可推知G. This can cause feelings of sadness, fear, worry and nervousness.“这会导致伤心,恐惧、担忧和紧张等情绪”。符合语境，故选G。
15．根据空前”Luckily, there are things the young can do to deal with bad feelings.“幸运的是，年轻人可以做一些事情来应对不良情绪。介绍年轻人处理由气候变化带来的负面情绪的方法；以及空后"These are people who can help you letthese feelings out."这些人可以帮助你释放这些感受。可推知,此处提到年轻人可以把自己的负面情绪通过与其他人诉说的方式发泄出来。 A. Talk with your friends or families. ”与你的朋友或家人交谈。“承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
16．根据空后”Playing outside can help children keep calm.“在户外玩耍可以帮助孩子保持冷静。可推知本段给出的建议是鼓励儿童和青少年走进大自然。B. She encourages students to get out in nature.”她鼓励学生走出大自然。“符合语境，故选B。
17．根据空后”For example, 14-year-old Milou Albrecht is an activist (积极分子). Since last year, she has been one of the members of Australia's energy-saving programs. Milou says doing something to stop climate change helps her relax to some degree.“例如，14 岁的 Milou Albrecht 是一名活动家。 自去年以来，她一直是澳大利亚节能计划的成员之一。Milou 说，做一些事情来阻止气候变化有助于她在一定程度上放松。可推知,E. It's also a great way to take action to protect the environment.“采取行动保护环境也是(处理气候变化导致的负面情绪的)一个极好的方式”。符合语境，故选E。
【答案】18．C
19．C
20．A
21．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了 Stanford 大学计划进行地震演习，这次演习不同于以往，它注重地震后的恢复。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
18．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The earthquake drill was a year in the planning. It included both Stanford University and Stanford Medicine emergency operation centers. ”地震演习计划进行了一年。包括斯坦福大学和斯坦福医学院的紧急手术中心。可知，斯坦福大学计划和斯坦福医学急救中心合作，故选C。
19．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We wanted to create an experience centering mainly on recovery，rather than the immediate life safety you would experience right after an earthquake.”我们想创造一种主要以恢复为主的体验，而不是地震后立即体验到的生命安全。可知，这次地震演习主要注重地震后的恢复。故选C。
20．考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的"My job was made much easier by the fact that people practice and know what to do. This is a finely honed （打磨） machine.”我的工作因为人们练习和知道做什么而变得容易多了。这是一台打磨好的机器。可知，“ This is a finely honed (打磨) machine. ”这句话的意思是"演习进展顺利"。故选A。
21．考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的“He believes that with each drill carried out，people get better at protecting public safety，repairing the damage to the university and quickly returning the university to normal teaching and researching activities. ‘I think everyone learned a lot today，’he said.”他认为，随着每一次演习的开展，人们在保护公共安全、修复对大学的破坏以及迅速使大学恢复正常的教学和研究活动方面都做得更好。"我想今天大家都学到了很多。"可知，Peter对地震演练的态度是积极的。故选D。
22．【答案】Dear Tom,
How are you and your family doing I feel really sad to learn the news from the Internet that a terrible hurricane struck your city and caused damage.
It is reported that a large number of houses now lie in ruins. I am really concerned for everything with you and your family. Please let me know about your condition as soon as possible. And if you need any help, please let me know. Don't worry, and everything will be fine.
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封邮件。写作背景：你从网上得知你的英国好友Tom所在的城市爱丁堡遭到了飓风的袭击。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）得知飓风信息； 2）询问他及家人情况； 3）给予安慰。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。 例如： I feel really sad to learn the news from the Internet that a terrible hurricane struck your city and caused damage.运用了不定式作原因状语，同位语从句；It is reported that a large number of houses now lie in ruins.运用了主语从句；Please let me know about your condition as soon as possible. 运用了祈使句；And if you need any help, please let me know. 运用了条件状语从句，祈使句；Don't worry, and everything will be fine.运用了祈使句，并列句。
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