外研版九年级下册odule 8 My future life Unit 3 Language in use课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
Unit 3
Language in use
I know that you will be better at maths.
These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt.
I give the white rose to my teachers, who have taught me that there is no success without effort.
I’m sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years, and the people whom you want to thank for it.
Read these sentences and think about their structures.
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
which指物，作宾语
that指物，作主语
whose指人，作定语
whom指人，作宾语
who指人，作主语
定语从句在句中作定语, 用来修饰某个名词或代词, 这个名词或代词叫先行词, 而定语从句位于先行词的后面。
用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(when, where, why)。
关系词引导定语从句, 指代先行词, 并在从句中作一定成分, 如作主语、宾语或状语等。
用来引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose。
relatives used for used as
which thing
subject（主语）
object（宾语）
that thing
person
who person
whom person object（宾语）
whose person/thing attribute（定语）
◆that引导的定语从句
that引导定语从句时, 既可以指人, 也可以指物, 在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
He is a person that does what he says.
(person是先行词, that在从句中作主语)
他是一个说话算数的人。
The cat that I bought yesterday is ill.
(cat是先行词, that在从句中作宾语)
我昨天买的那只猫病了。
◆who引导的定语从句
who引导定语从句时只能指人, 在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
A friend who helps you when you have trouble is a real friend.
(friend是先行词, who在从句中作主语)
在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。
whom也可以引导定语从句, 在从句中只能作宾语, 有时可以和who互换, 但介词后只能用whom, 不能用who。
He is the man who / whom I have been looking for.
= He is the man for whom I have been looking.
他就是我一直在找的人。
◆which引导的定语从句
which引导定语从句时, 只能指物, 在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.
(book是先行词, which在从句中作宾语)
我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。
注意:
◆在由that, who和which引导的定语从句中, 当它们在从句中作主语时, 都不可以省略；作宾语时, 都可以省略。
◆介词后面只能用which或whom, 不能用that或who。
There are lots of things (that) I need to prepare before the trip.
Do you know the girl who / that is singing in the classroom
This is the biggest fish (that) I have ever seen.
Finger food is the food ______________________________
which we eat with our fingers
A handbag is a small bag _____________________________
which women use to carry their things
School- leavers are young people _____________________________
who are leaving school
Complete the sentences using which, that, who or whom.
1
A classmate is someone
______________________________
who is in the same class as me
A friend is someone
_____________________________
I trust
A stranger is someone
_____________________________
whom I don’t know
① How do you know that the party is
international
② Why are the people cheering
③ What do you think the person making a
speech is saying
Look at the picture and the menu. Discuss the questions.
2
① How do you know that the party is
international
② Why are the people cheering
③ What do you think the person making a
speech is saying
I think the party is international because the
food is international.
I think the people are cheering because they
are happy about what the speaker is saying.
I think the speaker is saying that now
the speech is over and it is time to eat!
The boy _____ (who / which / where) I talked
with just now is one of my best friends.
2. This is the dictionary ________ (who / which / what / whose) Mum gave me for my birthday.
3. The book _____ (where / that / whose) pages are broken is still on the floor.
4. We know Jackie Chan ______ (who / which / whose) is a very famous movie star.
5. Project Hope is only one of the programmes ____ (where / who / that) was set up to help those poor children.
Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
who
which
whose
who
that
根据句意, 用正确的关系代词填空。
He is the man __________ is ready to
help others.
2. The girl ________________ I spoke to
just now is my friend.
3. The dress ___________ you bought in
the city mall is made of silk.
4. Bill likes music ___________ he can
sing along with.
that / who
that / who / whom
that / which
that / which
5. This is the village __________ I used to
live in.
6. Women always like buying many things
_____________ they don’t need at all.
7. I’m studying a subject ___________ I am
very interested in.
8. The girl with ________ I went shopping
yesterday is my cousin.
that / which
that / which
that / which
whom
注意:
◆关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 只能用that,而不用which。例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时, 只能用that, 而不用which。例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop
c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时, 只能用that, 而不用which。例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句, 为避免重复, 只能用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is crying
f. 主句是there be 结构, 修饰主语的定语从句用that, 而不用which。例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
单项选择
1. I like music _______ great lyrics.
A. that have B. that has
C. who have D. who has
2. They are talking about things and persons
_______ they saw there a few days ago.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
B
C
3. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
4. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday.
A. which B. whose C. when D. that
B
D
5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there
--- Oh, he is my math teacher.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
6. The building _______ is over one hundred years old is very famous here.
A. which B. what C. when D. where
C
A
一、宾语从句的概念
宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。eg:
We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
二、宾语从句三要素
引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态
三、引导宾语从句的词有：
(1) 连词that (在口语中that常可省略）。如：
He knows (that) Jim will work hard.
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。
1). 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2). that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3). 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays in ancient times.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4). 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
that 引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：
He says (that) they have returned already．
他说他们已经回来了。
He tells me that he was born in 1985.
他告诉我他生于1985年。
时态问题
如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将 来时，过去完成时）。如：
He said (that) he bought a new
dictionary．
他说他买了本新词典。
I knew they were studying English．
我知道他们正在学英语。
如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。如：
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。
He said that time is life.
他说时间就是生命。
(2) 连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
(3) 连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：
Could you tell me how we can get to the station
(4)由if和whether引导的宾语从句
Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208 Could you tell me
→Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208
其次要注意时态变化：
1). 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2). 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.
Ⅲ. if和whether的区别
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1). 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2). 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否来。
3). 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4). 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5). 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants to know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6). if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
if / whether
2. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.
3. ________ that is true, what should we do
whether
If
4. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.
Whether
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：
I don’t know when will he leave. (误)
I don’t know when _____ _____ leave. (正)
he
will
2.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动词也应是过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：(注意下列句子中从句的时态和语序)
注意事项
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth ______ (go) round the sun.
goes
3.当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句(即反意疑问句)，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上，其他人称疑问在主句上，如：
I don't think he looks like his father, __________
They think he looks like his father, ___________
We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,__________
does he
don’t they
hasn’t she
4.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词联接（如, She said, “I’m a student.”）；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接（如, She said that she is thirteen）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接引语的宾语从句。
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：
He said, “I'm happy.”
He said _______ he _____happy.
that
was
(2)一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked me, “Does his father know Mr. Green ”
He asked me_____ his father __________ Mr. Green.
if
knew
Complete the passage with the clauses
in the box.
Answers:
1. a 2. e 3. b
4. c 5. d
3
1. Where did Sally work last year Do you know _______________________________________
2. When did he buy the nice car Can you tell
me _______________________________________
3. Where does she live I don’t know. _______________________________________
4. "What did you say just now " I asked Jim. _______________________________________
5. When will he come back home Please tell me. _______________________________________
Join the sentences.
Do you know where Sally worked last year
Can you tell me when he bought the nice car
I don’t know where she lives.
I asked Jim what he said just then.
Please tell me when he will come back home.
宾语从句与定语从句的区别
宾语从句相当于宾语，只是以一个句子的形式出现；而定语从句相当于形容词，用来修饰名词或代词。
宾语从句是做宾语的，一般是在动词或者介词后面；定语从句放在名词或代词的后面。