天津中考英语阅读理解专项训练（word版，含解析）

阅读理解
Money is what people use to buy things they need or want. A long time ago, people didn’t use money. So how did they get the things they wanted Well, there is a long and interesting story about this.
At first, they would exchange something they had for something they needed. For example, if the shoemaker needed some bread, he would give the baker (面包师) shoes and the baker would give him bread. This was called “bartering”.
Bartering worked well for a while. But after the baker had too many shoes, the shoemaker still needed more bread. What could they do The solution to this problem was money.
Money was basically an agreement among people. People agreed that some metal (金属) or paper would be worth a certain amount of bread or a certain number of shoes.
There were many earlier forms of money, such as cattle (家畜), salt, grain and shells. But it was not easy to move them or store them. So coin began to take the place of things. Metal tool money was used in China as early as 1000 BC．Coins had a set value and could be stored. It became possible for people to trade in a standardized (标准的) way. A coin says right on it how much it is worth. Different coins are worth different amounts.
About three hundred years ago, paper money came into wide use. Paper money is cheaper to make than coins. It is also easier to carry around. Now people use paper money and coins in most countries.
1．A long time ago, people got the things they wanted by ________.
A．giving the baker shoes B．giving the shoemaker bread
C．using coins and paper money D．exchanging things they had for things they needed
2．The meaning of the underlined word “bartering” is “________”.
A．讨价还价 B．强买强卖 C．以货易货 D．清仓甩卖
3．There were many earlier forms of money except ________.
A．salt B．grain C．cattle D．bread
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Different coins are worth the same amounts.
B．Money was basically an agreement among people.
C．Metal tool money was used in China before 1000 BC．
D．If the shoemaker needed some bread, he would give the baker bread and the baker would give him shoes.
5．This passage mainly talks about ________.
A．the use of money B．money is everything C．the birth of money D．people like money
Alan Smith is blind. He teaches blind children in his country. To show the world that the blind can also do something amazing, he walked across the world’s largest salt desert, Salar de Uyuni, only with the help of a GPS.
Walking across the desert is not easy for an able-bodied person, let alone（更不用说）a blind man. Before setting off, Alan spent three years training for the journey. He studied everything he could find about the place and asked for advice from other travellers. During his journey, he only took water, food and sleeping bags. He walked about 20 kilometers a day. He showed great perseverance（毅力）and finished the 140-kilometer journey in just seven days.
The brave teacher thought his week-long journey was wonderful. He said, “The journey was quite good. There were snowstorms and winds, but luckily I made it.”
6．Why did Alan cross the desert on foot
A．To tell children a story. B．To have a wonderful journey.
C．To take a risk for money. D．To show the ability of the blind
7．The underlined phrase “setting off” in the second paragraph probably means ________.
A．preparing a journey B．breaking a journey C．starting a journey D．finishing a journey
8．What did Alan do during the journey
A．He overcame all of the difficulties. B．He asked for advice from other travellers.
C．He walked with an experienced tour guide. D．He studied something useful about the place.
9．How long did Alan’s journey take
A．140 days. B．One week. C．20 months. D．3 years.
10．Which of the following can best describe Alan’s journey
A．It’s a piece of cake. B．Learning should be a lifelong journey.
C．Nothing is impossible. D．It is between a rock and a hard place.
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them “24 Solar Terms（节气）” is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It’s the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terms in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Beginning of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives（韭菜）on the back of the fish.
White Dew falls on about September 8th. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colourful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew（露珠）is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon（浣熊）— a small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots（小圆点）on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the colours in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
11．The writer gave ________ examples to show Cinyee’s “24 Solar Terms”
A．five B．four C．three D．two
12．Why did Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terms in pictures
A．To make herself famous. B．To help people understand them better.
C．To win lots of prizes. D．To draw more animals.
13．According to the passage, ________ can’t be seen in Cinyee’s “Beginning of Spring”.
A．a bird B．a fish C．Chinese chives D．spring vegetables
14．From paragraph 5, we know that ________.
A．a raccoon likes fish B．Beginning of Spring falls on about December 8th
C．White Dew shows the end of the autumn D．Cinyee used white spots to show dew
15．The writer mainly wants to talk about ________.
A．why Cinyee made herself known B．who divided a year into 24 parts
C．how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms D．what Beginning of Spring and White Dew mean
We use our smartphones to do many things every day. However, many of us have become so reliant on them. In fact, it is bad for our eyes and health to spend too much time on phones.
A study shows that smartphone owners usually start to use their phones early in the morning. They check personal emails and WeChat. And before they get out of bed, many people often check the weather, read the news, and send a message or two to friends. After getting up, they often take photos of food, themselves, and even whatever they can see with their phones. They share their photos with their friends. The research finds that users pick up their phones more than 1,500 times to do different things in a week. And the smartphone users are on their phone for about three and a half hours a day. That is to say, people use their phones for about one full day each week.
Using phones will take much time and it’s also harmful to our health. Many people stay up late to play with phones. And mobile phones will influence our sleep. Without using the phones, many people will feel sad. Many owners also find they use their phones without realizing (意识到) that they’re doing so.
How do you think people use their phones too much
16．Before getting up, many people use their phones to do things, NOT including ________.
A．checking the weather B．sending messages
C．reading the news D．taking photos
17．How long do people use their phones a week
A．About three hours. B．About three and a half hours.
C．Over twenty-four hours. D．Over thirty hours.
18．Many people ________ without using their phones.
A．will be happy B．will feel sad C．can’t do work D．won’t get up
19．What does the underlined sentence “many of us have become so reliant on them.” mean
A．Many people depend too much on smartphones.
B．Many people are interested in smartphones.
C．Many people become lazy because of smartphones.
D．Many people would like to use smartphones.
20．Where can we probably read this passage
A．In a newspaper. B．In a travel magazine.
C．In a storybook. D．In a history book.
Tony loves his grandma. She often tells him stories about Santa Claus.
Today is December 24. Tony’s grandma takes him to a store. She gives Tony fifty dollars and says, “Take the money and buy something for someone who needs it. I’ll wait for you in the car.”
Tony thinks of everyone he knows: his family, friends and classmates. Then he thinks of Bobbie. Bobbie sits behind Tony. He doesn’t have a warm coat. Tony knows it because Bobbie never goes out to play in winter. So Tony buys a blue coat for him. It looks really warm.
In the evening, his grandma helps Tony put the coat in a Christmas box, and writes “To Bobbie, From Santa Claus” on it. “Santa always helps people but never lets them know,” Tony’s grandma says. They put the box in front of Bobbie’s house and then go back home.
That night Tony knows Santa Claus is real, and he and his grandma are on his team.
21．Tony gets________ from his grandma.
A．twenty dollars B．thirty dollars C．forty dollars D．fifty dollars
22．Tony buys Bobbie a warm coat because________.
A．Tony has lots of money B．Bobbie sits behind Tony
C．Bobbie doesn’t have one D．Bobbie’s coat is too small
23．Tony gives the coat to Bobbie ________.
A．as a birthday present B．as a Christmas present
C．when he goes to school D．when he sees Bobbie
24．Bobbie will find this warm coat ________.
A．under the Christmas tree B．on his own bed
C．in front of his house D．in his desk at school
25．The passage wants to tell us that ________.
A．Santa Claus is busy on Christmas B．everyone loves Santa Claus
C．Santa Claus likes to help Bobbie D．everyone can be Santa Claus
North American black bears are shy animals. They are fearful (胆小的) by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals.
In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, USA, catch bears and use drugs (药物) to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases (疾病), remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.
But in Minnesota, USA, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers’ voices and they are not afraid of the research team. With the help of a few grapes to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday life.
In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But the research methods and the kinds of information that researchers are able to collect, are quite different.
26．In the first paragraph, we can learn that North American black bears are ________.
A．shy and fearful animals B．not found today
C．well known to scientists D．not afraid of people
27．The word “remove” in the second paragraph probably means ________ in Chinese.
A．拔下 B．移植 C．清洗 D．修补
28．Which of the following may Not be included in the New Jersey studies on bears
A．The age. B．The way of their communication.
C．The weight. D．The number of babies they produce.
29．In the Minnesota studies, researchers ________.
A．can never get close to the bears B．study the bears while they are asleep
C．use grapes to make the bears full D．learn a lot about the bears’ everyday life
30．What do the two studies have in common (共同的)
A．Research places. B．Research methods.
C．The main purpose. D．Information they collected.
At the age of 16, Einstein always played with a group of mischievous (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. Because he was so busy playing, he didn’t study enough and failed his final exam.
One morning, when Einstein was holding a fishing rod (钓鱼竿) and was about to go fishing with his friends, his father stopped him and said calmly, “Einstein, you spent so much time playing that you failed your exam. I’m worried about your future.”
“What are you worried about Jack and Robert also failed, but don’t they still get to go fishing ”
“My boy, you can’t think like that,” his dad said. “There is a fable (寓言) that people tell in our hometown. I will tell it to you now.”
“There were two cats playing on top of a house. One cat got caught off guard (措手不及) and fell down the chimney (烟囱) while holding the other cat. When the two cats climbed out of the chimney, one of the cats had soot (烟灰) on his face, while the other cat’s face was clean. Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thought its own face must be dirty, so it quickly ran to the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.
“Einstein, no one can be your mirror (镜子). You have to think for yourself. If you just do what everyone else does, you will never learn.”
Hearing this, Einstein put down his fishing rod and returned to his room. He decided to pay more attention to his studies and less attention to what his friends were doing. This allowed him to be successful.
31．What was Einstein’s main problem, according to his father
A．He was not good at maths. B．He didn’t play often enough.
C．He played with mischievous kids. D．He didn’t take his final exam.
32．What do we know from the fable
A．The dirty cat fell into the chimney first. B．The dirty cat washed its face clean.
C．The clean cat didn’t wash its face. D．Both cats made the wrong decision.
33．What does the underlined word “swaggered” mean
A．Ran very quickly. B．Walked in a proud and confident way.
C．Felt foolish. D．Laughed loudly.
34．What lesson did Einstein learn from his father
A．Friends are like a mirror of ourselves. B．The wise are one step away from being the fool.
C．Don’t make a decision according to others. D．There are no easy ways to success.
35．How did Einstein feel at the end of the story
A．Angry about what his father said. B．Sorry about what he did.
C．Excited about fishing again. D．Disappointed by the fable.
It was a hot summer day and I had just pulled into the gas station to fill up my car. After filling it up, I started to walk inside to pay. That is when I noticed them. Two elderly women were standing back from their car. There was fear on their faces. I looked and saw what they saw: five yellow jackets (小黄蜂) building a nest around their gas cap. I suddenly felt scared (惊恐的). I shared the ladies’ fear.
Yellow jackets have never been friends of mine. Several times these wasps (黄蜂) have attacked (攻击) me while I was cutting the grass, stinging (蛰) me each time I ran over their nests. The worst time, however, was when I was a young boy. A friend of mine and I were playing in my backyard. I must have stepped on one of their nests again because before I knew it, both of us were being chased and stung by the yellow jackets while we ran away screaming. I ran to my mum with tears in my eyes. She ran a cold bath (浴盆) and put us both in it to ease (减轻) the pain before giving us medicine to help us feel better.
Still, I knew I couldn’t let fear stop me now. I reached into my pocket for a paper towel I had there, took the nest down and stepped on it while the wasps buzzed around me. Both of the ladies thanked me for what I did.
You can’t let the fear of being stung keep you from doing what is right. We need to love each other and change the world for the better. And the only way you can do this is through helpful acts and kindness. Don’t let the yellow jackets in your life hold you back.
36．Why was there fear on the women’s faces
A．They saw a fire in the gas station. B．They were scared of yellow jackets.
C．They were too old to drive the car. D．They couldn’t find their way out.
37．The writer tells his experiences in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．what his childhood life was like B．how his mum loved him
C．why he was sacred of the wasps D．how to deal with yellow jackets
38．What did the writer’s mother do first after the writer got stung
A．She gave him some medicine. B．She asked him to step on the nests.
C．She took him to see a doctor. D．She put him into a cold bath.
39．What did the writer do to save the two women
A．He drove away the yellow jackets. B．He ran away from the gas station.
C．He broke down the yellow jackets’ nest. D．He told them to take a cold bath.
40．The story mainly tells us that ________.
A．animals are harmful to human beings B．elderly people always need our help
C．a friend in need is a friend indeed D．we shouldn’t let fear hold us back
参考答案
1．D
2．C
3．D
4．B
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了钱币的发展历史。从开始的“以物易物”到后来的以牛，盐，谷物或贝壳等作为固定钱币买东西，后来人们用易携带的金属钱币，最后发明的纸币，纸币一直沿用到现在。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段“At first, they would exchange something they had for something they needed.”可知，很久以前，人们通过交换他们所拥有的东西来获得他们想要的东西。故选D。
2．
词句猜测题。根据第二段“For example, if the shoemaker needed some bread, he would give the baker (面包师) shoes and the baker would give him bread.”例如，如果鞋匠需要一些面包，他会给面包师鞋子，面包师会给他面包。可知，“bartering”表示“以货易货”。故选C。
3．
细节理解题。根据第五段“There were many earlier forms of money, such as cattle (家畜), salt, grain and shells.”可知，早期有许多货币形式，如牛、盐、谷物和贝壳；没有提到面包。故选D。
4．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Money was basically an agreement among people.”可知，金钱基本上是人们之间的一种协议。故选B。
5．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了钱币的发展历史。故选C。
6．D
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了盲人Alan Smith为了向全世界人表明盲人也可以做出惊人的事情，他穿越了世界上最大的盐碱沙漠。
6．
细节理解题。根据“To show the world that the blind can also do something amazing, he walked across the world’s largest salt desert, Salar de Uyuni, only with the help of a GPS.”可知，Alan为了向全世界人表明盲人也可以做出惊人的事情，他在GPS的帮助下穿越了世界上最大的盐碱沙漠Salar de Uyuni。故选D。
7．
词义猜测题。根据“Alan spent three years training for the journey.”可知，Alan花了三年的时间为旅行进行训练，可知是为旅行出发而训练的。故选C。
8．
细节理解题。根据原文“The journey was quite good. There were snow storms and winds, but luckily I made it.”可知，旅程相当不错，有暴风雪和大风，但是幸运的是我成功了。可推知他克服许多困难才成功。故选A。
9．
细节理解题。根据“He showed great perseverance(毅力)and finished the 140-kilometer journey in just seven days.”可知，Alan的旅程花了7天的时间，即一个星期。故选B。
10．
最佳标题题。根据“To show the world that the blind can also do something amazing, he walked across the world’s largest salt desert, Salar de Uyuni, only with the help of a GPS.”可知，盲人Alan为了向全世界人表明盲人也可以做出惊人的事情，他穿越了世界上最大的盐碱沙漠。结合选项可知C选项“没有什么是不可能的”符合题意。故选C。
11．D
12．B
13．A
14．D
15．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要以立春和白露为例介绍了Cinyee是如何用画来展示二十四节气的。
11．
细节理解题。根据第四段“So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Beginning of Spring. ”和第五段“White Dew falls on about September 8th. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn”可知，作者例举了“立春”和“白露”两个例子来展示Cinyee的“二十四节气”，故选D。
12．
细节理解题。根据“Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terms in pictures to help people understand them better.”可知，把二十四节气画成图片，是为了帮助人们更好地理解它们。故选B。
13．
细节理解题。根据“So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Beginning of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives（韭菜）on the back of the fish.”可知，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。她还在鱼背上画上了春天的蔬菜韭菜，所以看不到鸟，故选A。
14．
细节理解题。根据第五段“She drew white spots（小圆点）on the raccoon to show dew. ”可知，Cinyee 在浣熊身上画了白色的斑点来展示露水。故选D。
15．
主旨大意题。阅读短文可知，作者主要谈论的是Cinyee如何用画来展示24个节气的。故选C。
16．D
17．C
18．B
19．A
20．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了现在人们过度依赖手机，每天的使用很长时间，已经对我们的健康产生了影响。
16．
细节理解题。根据第二段“And before they get out of bed, many people often check the weather, read the news, and send a message or two to friends.”可知人们在起床前会看天气，读新闻和给朋友发消息，但是不包括拍照。故选D。
17．
细节理解题。根据第二段“And the smartphone users are on their phone for about three and a half hours a day.”可知人们一天使用手机大约3.5小时，一周也就是3.5*7=24.5小时，超过24小时。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Without using the phones, many people will feel sad.”可知人们在不使用手机的时候会感觉到难过。故选B。
19．
句意猜测题。根据第一段画线句后的“In fact, it is bad for our eyes and health to spend too much time on phones.”可知过度使用手机对我们的眼睛很健康都有害，可推断出画线句的意思是我们过度依赖手机。故选A。
20．
推理判断题。根据文章的主旨主要是讨论过度依赖手机给人们带来的影响，最有可能出现的地方是报纸。故选A。
21．D
22．C
23．B
24．C
25．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲了Tony的奶奶帮助Tony假装是圣诞老人，在圣诞节前天给Bobbie买了件外套，Tony最终知道了圣诞老人是真的，就在我们身边。
21．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“Tony’s grandma takes him to a store. She gives Tony fifty dollars and says...”可知，Tony从他的祖母那里得到了50美元。故选D。
22．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Bobbie sits behind Tony. He doesn’t have a warm coat.”可知，Bobbie没有温暖的外套，所以Tony给他买了一件。故选C。
23．
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“his grandma helps Tony put the coat in a Christmas box, and writes “To Bobbie, From Santa Claus” on it.”可知，Tony把这件外套作为圣诞礼物送给了Bobbie。故选B。
24．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“They put the box in front of Bobbie’s house and then go back home.”可知，Bobbie会在他家门前找到这件保暖的外套。故选C。
25．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“That night Tony knows Santa Claus is real, and he and his grandma are on his team.”及上文可知，Tony在奶奶帮助下以圣诞老人的名义给自己的同学Bobbie送了一件温暖的外套，即人人都可以成为圣诞老人。故选D。
26．A
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文，介绍了新泽西州和明尼苏达州的研究者对北美黑熊的研究，尽管他们的研究方法和获取信息的方式不同，但主要目的是相同的，都是为了确保黑熊种群的健康。
26．
细节理解题。根据“North American black bears are shy animals. They are fearful (胆小的) by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people.”，可知北美黑熊天生害羞、胆小。故选A。
27．
词义猜测题。根据下文“take it to the lab to find out its age”可推断，必须拔下(remove)黑熊的牙齿才能将它拿到实验室去研究。故选A。
28．
推理判断题。根据“Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bear, take blood to test for diseases (疾病), remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age.”可知，新泽西州的研究包括弄清黑熊的年龄、体重、健康状况、数量、寿命和产崽数量，不包括它们的沟通方式。故选B。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday life.”可知，明尼苏达州的研究人员可以了解很多关于黑熊的日常生活。故选D。
30．
细节理解题。根据“In both places, the main purpose is the same—to make sure there is a healthy population of black bears.”可知，两项研究的主要目的是一致的。故选C。
31．C
32．D
33．B
34．C
35．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了青少年时期的爱因斯坦由于总和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，导致考试不及格。他的父亲给他讲了一个有关两只小猫的寓言故事，最终他明白了一个道理：不要看别人做什么自己就做什么，要懂得分辨。
31．
细节理解题。根据“At the age of 16, Einstein always played with a group of mischievous (顽皮捣蛋的) kids. ”可知，青少年时期的爱因斯坦总是和一群顽皮捣蛋的孩子在一起玩耍，这使他学习不够努力最终导致考试不及格的原因。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据“Seeing the dirty cat, the clean cat thought its own face must be dirty, so it quickly ran to the river and washed its face. The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.”可知，干净的猫由于看到脏猫，所以去洗了脸。而脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了，两只猫都做了错误的选择。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据“The dirty cat saw the clean cat and thought its own face was also clean, so it just swaggered down the street.”可知，脏猫看到干净的猫并不觉得自己脸上有灰，于是大摇大摆地上街了。动词“swaggered”体现了脏猫未发现自己脸上有灰时的自信。故选B。
34．
细节理解题。根据“You have to think for yourself. If you just do what everyone else does, you will never learn.”可知，父亲的寓言故事告诉孩子一个道理，即人要有自己思考的意识，如果一味地效仿他人，将一事无成。故选C。
35．
推理判断题。根据“He decided to pay more attention to his studies and less attention to what his friends were doing.”可知，爱因斯坦决定多注意他的学习，少注意他的朋友们在做什么，可推知他对自己所做的一切感到抱歉，故选B。
36．B
37．C
38．D
39．C
40．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了作者由于多次被黄蜂蛰而非常害怕黄蜂，终于放下恐惧并勇敢面对的故事。
36．
细节理解题。根据“five yellow jackets (小黄蜂) building a nest around their gas cap.”可知，两位女士恐惧的原因是小黄蜂。故选B。
37．
推理判断题。根据“Several times these wasps (黄蜂) have attacked (攻击) me while I was cutting the grass, stinging (蛰) me each time I ran over their nests.”可知，主人公曾多次被黄蜂蛰，所以害怕黄蜂。故选C。
38．
细节理解题。根据“She ran a cold bath (浴盆) and put us both in it to ease (减轻) the pain before giving us medicine to help us feel better.”可知，她给他洗了个冷水澡。故选D。
39．
细节理解题。根据“I reached into my pocket for a paper towel I had there, took the nest down and stepped on it while the wasps buzzed around me.”可知，他拆毁了这个小黄蜂的巢穴。故选C。
40．
主旨大意题。根据“You can’t let the fear of being stung keep you from doing what is right.”及“Don’t let the yellow jackets in your life hold you back.”可知，文章告诉我们不能被恐惧支配。故选D。