2023年英语人教版（新课程标准）高考总复习课件：必修1 Unit 1 Friendship（134张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023年英语人教版（新课程标准）高考总复习课件：必修1 Unit 1 Friendship（134张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 505.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-21 17:04:43 | ||
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(共134张PPT)
Unit 1 Friendship
[2021·浙江1月考] 假定你是李华,下周有新西兰学生访问你校,你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.介绍活动安排;
3.表达祝愿。
精彩美文
Dear friends,
We feel so delighted by your visit and I'm extending our warmest welcome to you on behalf of our school.
佳作晨读赏析
We have made a detailed arrangement for you. First, you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant, where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food. Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is scheduled to deepen mutual understanding. Aiming to promote our friendship further, we also plan to organize a friendly basketball match.
We do sincerely hope you have a rewarding and memorable time!
佳作晨读赏析
名师点睛
1.文章体裁:应用文——发言稿。
2.行文逻辑:表示欢迎→介绍安排→表达祝愿。
3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: extend(提供,给予), detailed(详细的), have a taste of sth (品尝某物,了解某物), authentic(地道的),concerning (关于), be scheduled to do sth(计划做某事),deepen mutual understanding (深化相互了解),rewarding(值得的,有意义的)等。
佳作晨读赏析
4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①定语从句:where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food;②现在分词短语作状语:Aiming to promote our friendship further;③强调句: We do sincerely hope等。
佳作晨读赏析
单词荟萃
【基础词汇】
1. n. 连续;系列
2. n. 窗帘;门帘;幕布
3. n. 伙伴;合作者;合伙人
4. n. 公路;大路
5. n. 手提箱;衣箱
6. n. 大衣;外套
7. n. 十几岁的青少年
series
curtain
partner
highway
suitcase
overcoat
基础自主梳理
teenager
8. n. 小费;尖端;提示,技巧 vt. 翻倒;倾斜
9. n. 条款;项目
10. vt. & vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定 adj. 平静的;镇静的;沉着的
11. vt. & vi. 包装;打包行李;捆扎 n. 小包;包裹
12. vi. 打雷;雷鸣 n. 雷;雷声
13. vt. 交换
14. adj. 感激的;表示谢意的
15. adv.确实如此;确切地
exactly
pack
calm
grateful
thunder
swap
基础自主梳理
tip
item
【拓展词汇】
16. n.能力;力量;权力→ adj.强有力的
17. n.寂寞;孤单→lonely adj.寂寞的;偏僻的
18. vt.不理睬;忽视→ n.无知,愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的,愚昧的
19. vt. & vi. 遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n.痛苦;苦难
20. vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n.担心;关注;(利害)关系→
adj.担忧的
power
powerful
loneliness
ignore
ignorance
suffer
基础自主梳理
concern
concerned
21. vt.使定居;安排;解决 vi. 安家;停留→settlement n.殖民;解决→ n.定居者;移民
22. vi. & vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→ n.恢复;治愈
23. vi.不同意→disagreement n.不赞成→agree vi.同意→
n.赞成
24. vt.不喜欢;厌恶 n.厌恶,反感,不喜爱→like vt. 喜欢;喜爱
25. adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.使不安;使心烦→ (过去式)→ (过去分词)→ (现在分词)
settle
settler
recover
recovery
disagree
agreement
基础自主梳理
dislike
upset
upset
upset
upsetting
26. adj.松的;松开的→loosely adv.宽松地;放荡地;轻率地→
v.(使)放松;松开
27. adj.德国的;德国人的;德语的 n.德国人;德语→
n.德国
28. adv.在户外;在野外→outdoor adj.户外的;露天的;野外的→ adv.在室内→indoor adj. 室内的;户内的
29. adj.积满灰尘的→dust n.灰尘
30. adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地
loose
loosen
基础自主梳理
German
Germany
outdoors
indoors
dusty
entire
短语检测
【动词及系表结构型】
1. 合计
2. 将(东西)装箱打包
3. 经历;经受
4. 记下;放下;登记
5. 平静下来;镇定下来
6. 遭受;患病
7. 从……中恢复过来
add up
pack (sth) up
go through
set down
calm down
suffer from
基础自主梳理
recover from
8. 参加;加入
9. 不得不;必须
10. 与……相处;进展
11. 与……相爱;爱上……
12. have trouble sth/in doing sth 做某事有困难
13.get/be upset /over… 对……感到烦恼
14.be concerned 关心;挂念
15.get/be tired 对……厌烦
join in
have got to
get along/on with
fall in love with
with
about
基础自主梳理
about
of
16.be grateful sb sth因某事而感激某人
17.grow crazy 对……变得狂热
【介词短语及其他型】
18. 在黄昏时刻
19. 故意
20. 为了……
21. 面对面地
22. 不再……
at dusk
on purpose
in order to
face to face
no longer/not...any longer
基础自主梳理
to
for
about
佳句再现
A. 核心语法考点句
1.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long I've grown so crazy everything to do with nature.
2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months
they were discovered.
that
about
before
基础自主梳理
3.She found it difficult (settle)and calm down in the hiding place,because she was concerned whether they would be discovered.
4.Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot so many clothes on.
5.Another time five months ago, I happened (be) upstairs at dusk…
to settle
about
with
基础自主梳理
to be
6.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me
(entire) in their power…
7.…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains
(hang) before very dusty windows.
8.While (walk) the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
entirely
hanging
walking
基础自主梳理
B.经典写作背诵句
1. There was a time when…曾经……;一度……
… a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
……曾经有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我痴迷。
2. It/This/That is/was the first time that…这/那是(某人)第一次……(从句用完成时)
… in a year and a half the night face to face… ……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
there was a time when
it was the first time
基础自主梳理
that I'd seen
3. It's no pleasure doing sth. 做某事没乐趣。
these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
4. find+it+形容词+to do sth 发现做某事是……的
I try to talk to my classmates,I still ________________
them.
虽然我尽力去跟我的同学交谈,但是我还是发现很难和他们成为好朋友。
It's no pleasure looking through
Although
find it hard
基础自主梳理
to make good friends with
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 构词记忆 前缀dis-,表示“相反,相对”
①agree vi.同意,赞成→disagree vi. 不同意
②like vt.喜欢→dislike vt. 不喜欢
③honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的
④advantage n.优势→disadvantage n.劣势
规律记忆 “名词+to+名词”型短语
①face to face 面对面地
②heart to heart 心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
④back to back背靠背地
upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的 vt. (upset, upset, upsetting)(to make sb/yourself feel unhappy, anxious or annoyed)使不安;使心烦;打翻;打乱
(1)be upset about/by/at sth 为某事烦心
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安
考点互动探究
单词点睛
(2)(sth) upset sb (某事)使某人心烦意乱
(sb) upset sth (某人)打/弄翻某物
It upsets sb to do sth. 做某事让某人心烦。
It upsets sb that… 让某人心烦的是……
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Our plan (upset) by the sudden change in the weather, so we had to try another way.
②He stormed into the room, (upset) the flower vase on the table.
was upset
upsetting
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
It upset us most that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.
→ our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.(用what改写)
→Our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm,
. (用which改写)
What upset us most was that
which upset us most
考点互动探究
concern vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n.担心;关注;重要的事情;令人担忧的事实(或情况)
(1)show/express concern for/about… 对……表示关心/担心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的;感兴趣的;关注的
be concerned about/for sth 为某事而担心/忧虑
as far as…be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于;涉及
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] concern 作名词讲时,可以抽象名词具体化,a concern表示“一件令人担忧的事情”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He is concerned how much profit he can gain from this project.
② (concern) about his sick wife, he hurried home immediately after the meeting.
③The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything
(concern) the sales in time.
about
Concerned
concerning
考点互动探究
(2)The food safety is affecting the quality of human life, which has become (一个巨大的担忧) in China and around the world.
(3) , the majority of the senior high students in our school are admitted into their dream universities.
据我所知,我们学校大部分的高中生都被他们梦寐以求的大学录取了。
a big concern
As far as I am concerned
考点互动探究
power n.(the ability to do sth; political control of a country or an area; the strength or energy contained in sth)能力;权力;力量;(电)能量 vt.(to supply power to especially a vehicle) 向……提供动力;驱动
(1)be in power 执政;掌权
come to/into power=take power 掌握政权;执政
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力
考点互动探究
do everything in one's power to do sth(=do/try one's best to do sth; spare no effort to do sth;make an effort to do sth)=do all sb can to do sth 某人尽力/竭尽全力做某事
a power cut/failure 停电
beyond/out of one's power 超出某人的能力
(2)powerful adj. 有影响力的;强有力的
(3)powerless adj. 无影响力的;无权的
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The government has been power for twenty years, and is still going strong.
②They have invented a new car,which (power) by solar batteries.
③The results of this kind of work are simple and they're_____________
(power).
in
is powered
powerful
考点互动探究
④The local government did everything in its power (save) the building dating back to the Qing Dynasty.
(2)句式转换
We will do our best to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We will to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(用all引导的定语从句改写)
→We will to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (用power的短语改写)
to save
do all we can
do everything in our power
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Not that John doesn't want to help you, but that it's beyond his power. 并不是约翰不想帮你,而是那件事他无能为力。
考点互动探究
settle v. (to end an argument or solve a disagreement)结束(争论),解决(分歧等),和解; (to decide or arrange sth finally)决定,确定,安排好; 定居; 使处于舒适的位置; (使)平静
(1)settle down 舒服地坐下;定居;平静下来
settle in 习惯于(新居);适应(新工作、新学校)
(2)It's/That's settled. 就这么定了。
(3)settlement n. 解决;定居地;协议,和解
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The weather is expected to settle towards the end of the week.
②We've moved all over the country, but I'd like to settle here now.
③After dinner we settled in front of the television for the evening.
④We firmly believe that war never settles anything.
平静
定居
舒适地坐下
解决
考点互动探究
(2)单句填空
①It's time you (settle) your differences with your father.
②The is home to nearly 1,000 people.
(3)短语填空
①After years as a travelling journalist, she in Ireland.
②I enjoyed King Edward's School enormously once I'd .
settled
settlement
settled down
settled in
考点互动探究
suffer vt. (to experience something unpleasant) 遭受,蒙受 vi. (to be badly affected by a disease, pain, etc.)受苦
(1)suffer from 遭受……(表示受苦的原因);患……病
(2)suffering n. [U]痛苦;[C]苦恼(常用复数形式)
(3)sufferer n. 受苦者;患者
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] (1)suffer用作及物动词时,表示“遭受;蒙受”,其后常跟loss/punishment/hardship/defeat/injury/poverty等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时,常与介词from连用,意为“受……折磨/之苦,患……病”,其后的名词多表示非常具体的不幸或痛苦,如: suffer from a bad cold/headaches/trouble/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster等。
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Though we have suffered serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
②Alice (suffer) from a bad cold, and I'm afraid that we can't call on her at the moment.
③As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack (suffer) from a heart attack.
from
is suffering
suffering
考点互动探究
④But it's our duty to try our best to reduce (suffer) and the loss of life. (新教材,北师大版必修第二册)
(2)句式转换
He had never suffered such a great loss before, so he almost lost the hope for life.
→Never before , so he almost lost the hope for life. (用倒装句改写)
→Never before, he almost lost the hope for life. (用分词作状语改写)
suffering
had he suffered such a great loss
having suffered such a great loss
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White had to take some medicine with him wherever he went. 由于患心脏病多年,怀特教授无论到哪里都不得不随身带一些药。
考点互动探究
recover vi. & vt.(to return to a normal state or to win back a position) 痊愈;恢复;重新获得;找回
(1)recover (=make a recovery) from… 从……中恢复过来
recover one's strength/balance 恢复某人的体力/身体平衡
(2)recovery n. 恢复;复苏;痊愈;复得
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The owner has offered a reward for the (recover) of the stolen goods.
② (recover)from failure is often easier than building from success.
recovery
Recovering
考点互动探究
(2)一词多义
①In the good care of nurses,the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.
②Hearing the police had recovered the stolen jewellery, the shopkeeper breathed a sigh of relief.
恢复
找回
考点互动探究
add up 合计;加起来
(1)add vt. 增加;添加;补充说
add to 使(数量)增加;使(规模)扩大
add up to 总共是;总计为
add…to… 把……加到/进……里
(2)addition n. 加;增加
in addition to… 除……之外(还)
考点互动探究
短语储存
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①In addition giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
②The trip, I believe, will add greatly our knowledge and understanding of our country.
③The teacher asked me if I was ready, (add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate.
to
to
adding
考点互动探究
(2)用add up/add to/add up to的适当形式填空
①Strong winds his difficulties, but he was able to swim across the channel.
②They all the advantages and disadvantages and tried to come to a decision.
③The money she spends on clothes a month ________________
$1,000.
added to
added up
adds up to
考点互动探究
go through (to suffer) 经受;经历;(to be completed or accepted)通过,达成;仔细检查;详细研究
get through 正式通过;接通电话
break through 冲破;突破
see through 看穿;识破
pull through 帮……复原,康复;完成,做成(十分困难的事)
look through 浏览; 快速查看
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Her application went through and she was employed.
②We spent days going through all related reference materials.
③With great concentration she went through the movements.
通过;被批准
详细研究
考点互动探究
完成,做完
④“When you go through tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says. (新教材,人教版必修第二册)
(2)用“动词+through”短语的适当形式填空
①They would never forget the experience they ____________________
last year.
②Everyone was very concerned whether he would__________________
or not.
went through
pull through
考点互动探究
经历
③ newspapers every day and you can keep up with the rapidly developing situation.
④In sports, there is no use cheating to fall down or be hurt, because in the end, the audience will it.(新教材,人教版必修第一册)
see through
考点互动探究
Look through
⑤Some members of the crowd managed to the police barrier.
(3)素养金句
Although he has gone through ups and downs, I believe he will succeed one day.
虽然他一直经历沉浮,但我相信他总有一天会成功的。
break through
考点互动探究
set down (to write down or to record)记下;登记;放下; 制定 (规则、原则等)
set up 设立;建立;成立
set out to do sth 开始/着手做某事
set about doing sth 着手做某事
set aside 留出;拨出(时间、金钱等);不顾;把……放在一边
set off 出发;动身;引起;使爆炸
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①We had to set down rules for the behaviour of the members.
②The bus stops regularly to set down and pick up passengers.
③He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.(新教材,外研版选择性必修第二)
制定(规则、原则等)
让……下车,放下
写下,记下
考点互动探究
(2)用set相关短语的适当形式填空
①He was asked the facts just as he remembered them.
②With high-speed trains, people will factories and business centres in the west once and for all.
③From a long-term point of view, it is time for us to _______________
solving this problem.
to set down
set up
set about
考点互动探究
④I am going to some time for a meeting tomorrow.
(3)素养金句
While he was travelling, he set down his impression of China in his diaries.
旅途中,他把对中国的印象写在了他的日记中。
考点互动探究
set aside
get along/on with 与……相处;进展
get along 进展
get over 克服;解决
get rid of 扔掉;摆脱
get through 顺利通过(考试等);用完;度过,熬过
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with them as well as possible.
②We were held up for lack of materials at first, but now we are getting along quite nicely.
与……相处
进展;进行
考点互动探究
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①You have to be happy with yourself before you can expect to
others.
②I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we
.
③Believe in yourself. You will the difficulty.
④I don't know how they these cold winters.
⑤It is difficult to deep-rooted habits.
get along with
get along well
get over
get through
考点互动探究
get rid of
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被汽车撞了。
句型公式
“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构
考点互动探究
句型透视
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
while walking the dog相当于while you were walking the dog。当when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects.
②They were surprised by her openness when (talk) about her private life.
③He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ______________
(speak) to.
taken
talking
spoken
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
①While I was waiting for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
→ by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.(用省略句改写)
②Every evening after dinner, if I'm not tired from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
→Every evening after dinner, , I will spend some time walking my dog. (用省略句改写)
While waiting for the bus
if not tired from work
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
While (he was) travelling in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures. 在欧洲旅行时,他发现了许多有趣的事情,体验了不同的文化。
考点互动探究
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句型公式
强调句
考点互动探究
考点互动探究
【相关拓展】
(1)强调句的陈述句
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分.
(2)强调句的一般疑问句
Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分
考点互动探究
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+句子其他成分
(4)“not…until…”句型的强调句
It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分.
[温馨提示] 强调句型用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分,不能强调谓语。被强调部分是人时,可以用who或that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It was almost one hundred years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
②Sometimes it's your efforts not your intelligence that
(determine) your success.
that
determine
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
①He was saved on a lonely island one month after the boat went down.
→ he was saved one month after the boat went down. (用强调句改写)
②His musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century.
→ his musical gift was fully recognized. (用强调句改写)
It was on a lonely island that
It was not until the early 19th century that
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
It was when I got back to my apartment that I came across my new neighbours.
正是当我回到我的公寓时,我偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
考点互动探究
…it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face………这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
句型公式
It is/was the first (second…) time that sb has/have/had done sth.
这是某人第……次做某事。
考点互动探究
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
“It is/was+the+序数词+time+that从句.”表示“这是某人第……次做某事。”如果前面用is,则that从句用现在完成时;如果前面用was,则that从句用过去完成时。
【相关拓展】
(1)It is (high/about) time that…是……的时候了。(从句用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”)
(2)It is time (for sb) to do sth. 是(某人)该做某事的时候了。
(3)There was a time when…一度/曾经……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It seems like high time that we (look) seriously at the problem and the pressure it brings us.
②It is the second time that you (fail) in the experiment.It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.
③There was a time New York City buildings were almost all the same height.
looked/(should) look
have failed
when
考点互动探究
④I guess it is time (rush) out to Nanjing Road to sweep the stores for the last-minute discount.
(2)素养金句
It was my first time that I had made my trip in the high-speed rail, so I was very excited.
这是我第一次乘高铁旅行,因此我非常激动。
考点互动探究
to rush
不规则动词及易错动词变形练
1.At last, his years of hard work paid off and he____________________
(admit) to Beijing University.
2.He wrote a letter to me, (admit) that he had misunderstood me.
3.You will get (annoy) in a theatre when a person sits too close to you.
was admitted
admitting
annoyed
语言素养提升
4.The man (apply) for the post of a signalman on the railway, but was turned down as he was colour-blind and couldn't distinguish red from green.
5.Some learning difficulties (arise) from the way children were taught at school.
6.Problems (arise) over plans to build a new supermarket here since last year.
applied
arose
have arisen
语言素养提升
熟词生义练
众所周知,初、高中英语教材中的单词清单所给出的只是每个单词最基本的意思,即“熟义”。然而,教材“熟词”在高考文章中却产生了“生义”或“多义”,这便是我们常说的“熟词生义”或“一词多义”现象。
语言素养提升
【典题示例】 Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. [2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解A] 每年,参赛作品的高水平表明这个奖项是展示英国风景的最佳摄影作品的完美平台。
[分析] entry的常用意义为“进入(an act of going into or getting into a place)”,此处意为“参赛作品(something that you do, write or make to take part in a competition, for example answering a set of questions)”。
语言素养提升
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义。
1.absent
①John has been absent from school/work for three days.
②When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent way and didn't answer.
缺席的
茫然的,心不在焉的
语言素养提升
2.absorb
①In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.
②She was so absorbed in her book that she didn't hear anyone knocking at the door.
③It is easier to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them.
吸收
全神贯注的
理解;掌握
语言素养提升
3.accommodate
①The building can accommodate all of the offshore workers and protect them from hurricane damage.
②They find it hard to accommodate themselves to the new working conditions in the beginning.
提供住宿;容纳
使……适应;使……顺应
语言素养提升
4.act
①It's very important to act now before the problem gets really serious.
②It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
行动,做事
起作用
语言素养提升
5.address
①I gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to him.
②The next meeting will address the problem of pollution.
③The new president is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
写(收信人)姓名地址;致函
解决,处理
发表演说
语言素养提升
基础检测
Ⅰ单句填空
1.Of the 100 factories ____________ (survey), only 40% are environmentally friendly.
surveyed
2.Seeing her again would be an ____________ (upset) experience after so many years.
upsetting
3.She reacted surprisingly _________ (calm) to the news of his death.
calmly
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4.Today's teachers are not the ____________ (power) authority figures they once were.
powerful
5.I'd like to get this matter __________ (settle) once and for all (=reach a final decision on it).
settled
6.He is in hospital, _____________ (recover) from his serious illness.
recovering
7.Nowadays with the help of modern instruments fishing is no longer __________ (entire) dependent on the weather.
entirely
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8.Most people at the meeting really got _______(tire) of his tiresome speech.
tired
9.I shall always be grateful _____ my former teacher for introducing me to the study of the language.
to
10.Most of the problems were solved at the meeting, but two were left ___________(hang) in the air.
hanging
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Ⅱ短语检测
1.You will know the result when you __________ (合计) all the numbers.
add up
2.She gave _____________ (一系列的) lectures at Warwick University last year on contemporary British writers.
a series of
3.Cindy said she ___________________ (爱上) her husband the minute she saw him.
fell in love with
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4.He is kind and friendly. He ___________________ (与……相处融洽) almost everyone.
gets along with
5.It took me an hour to ______________(平静下来) after the argument.
calm down
6.They asked her to ____________ (记下) the facts just as she remembered them.
set down
7.In the evening there was a party, with the whole village ____________ (加入) the fun.
joining in
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8.The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things _____________ (打包).
packed up
9.The operation was successfully performed, but the patient ________________ (遭受) shock.
suffered from
10.Remember to ______________ (仔细检查) the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine.
go through
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Ⅲ句型训练
1.________________________________,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
爬山时,我们享受到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain
2.It was when we were returning home _________________ what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
正是在我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人的感觉是多么好。
that I realized
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3.We planned to put up in a hotel there ___________________________________________________ the sunrise the next morning.
为了第二天早晨看日出，我们计划住在那儿的一家旅馆里。
in order to watch/in order that we could watch
4.At the beginning of the term, I ___________________ to study English.
在这学期初，我感到学英语很困难。
found it difficult
5.She didn't feel a bit nervous though it was the first time ___________________________.
她虽是第一次当众讲话，却一点都不发慌。
she'd spoken in public
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Ⅳ课文语法填空
Anne was a little girl 1.____________lived in the capital of the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish, so they had to hide to avoid 2.________________(catch) by the German Nazis. Her whole family 3.______(hide) away for a long time 4._________they were discovered. She treated her diary 5._____her best friend. She often wrote down 6.________she thought. She then grew so crazy about everything 7._________ (do) with nature. Once the dark,rainy evening,the wind and the thundering clouds held her 8.__________(entire) in their power,
who/that
being caught
hid
before
as
what
to do
entirely
which was the first time in a year and a half that she 9.____________(see) the night face to face. What a poor and brave girl she was. In her mind she thought nature was one thing that really must 10.__________________(experience).
had seen
be experienced
素养提升
Ⅰ阅读理解[2021·山东泰安一中模拟]
Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development. According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found.
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“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood，” the authors, led by Rachel K. Narr，a postdoctoral student focusing on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote.
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Past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. “My hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way,” Narr told Quartz. “Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other.”
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Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.
And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. “As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,” study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.
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( @36@ )1.What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship
A.Excellent performance in high school.
B.A larger group of friends.
C.Mental health by early adulthood.
D.A large social network in the future.
C
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的青少年直到成年早期都不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去认为友谊很重要的研究相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.”可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。
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( @38@ )2.What can we learn about the past research
A.It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.
B.It was totally different from the new research.
C.It helped improve teenagers' mental health.
D.It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important.”可知，过去的研究认为青少年间的友谊非常重要。故选A。
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( @40@ )3.What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits
A.Not continuing to have a close relationship.
B.Having a best friend in high school.
C.Understanding the world of social media.
D.Knowing how to build a close friendship.
D
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能会带来心理健康益处。故选D。
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( @42@ )4.What did the researcher Joseph suggest
A.Learning to use social media.
B.Broadening your social circle.
C.Improving the skills of making friends.
D.Concentrating on high-quality relationships.
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority…”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在与一些人发展亲密关系，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。
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Ⅱ阅读七选五[2021·湖北高三联考]
When I was teaching, we talked a lot about high vs low-stakes (风险) writing. Recently, I've been thinking about friendships the same way—high and low-stakes friendships. Since the stakes might be different for men and women, I will limit this discussion to women's friendships with men and women. 1.____
B
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Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate (亲密的). 2.____ We also depend on the other person for support in difficult times; advice in times of conflict, and sympathy in times of regret. We feel “known” by them. The loss of a high-stakes friend is painful: it has a noticeable impact on our lives.
E
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Low-stakes friendships, on the other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally. We may play bridge or tennis together and go out for dinner with our partners. 3.____ We don't share any feelings or experiences that would make us feel emotionally fragile and we do not talk about feelings towards each other. The loss of a low-stakes friend may be regrettable, but it does not leave any mark in our lives.
A
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According to Professor Harry Stack Sullivan, the first high-stakes friendship is typically formed in pre-adolescence(10—12) with a friend of the same sex, a “chum” (密友). The chumship is a relationship in which the other person's interest and security become as important as one's own.
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4.____ The pre-adolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings. To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Successful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise. 5._____
A. But we do not feel “known”.
B. What do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships
C. The formation of the chumship is crucial to personality growth.
C
D
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D. It is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later relationships.
E. We share feelings about important aspects of our lives and about each other.
F. An end to the friendship would have a dramatic impact on our sense of well-being.
G. Chumships occur during pre-adolescence, but they can continue much longer than that.
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B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高风险和低风险的友谊。
1.____
[解析] 根据上文“Recently, I've been thinking about friendships the same way—high and low-stakes friendships.”，再结合第二段“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate(亲密的).”，以及第三段“Low-stakes friendships, on the other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally.”可以看出，第一段提到友谊有高风险和低风险两种模式，且二、三段分别介绍高风险和低风险友谊的内涵。所以B选项“What do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships ”起承上启下的作用，故选B。
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2.____
E
[解析] 根据上文“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate(亲密的).”可以看出，接下来是对高风险友谊的描述。E选项“We share feelings about important aspects of our lives and about each other.”是对高风险友谊的描述之一，符合题意。故选E。
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3.____
A
[解析] 根据第二段的“We feel 'known' by them.”可知，A选项“But we do not feel 'known'.”与其做对比，是对低风险友谊的阐述，符合题意。故选A。
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4.____
C
[解析] 第四段引出了“密友”，并且第四段的“The chumship is a relationship in which the other person's interest and security become as important as one's own.”介绍了密友关系，而设空处下一句“The pre-adolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings.”主要是在讲密友关系的重要性，C项“The formation of the chumship is crucial to personality growth.”说明了其重要性。故选C。
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5._____
D
[解析] 上文“To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Successful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise.”是在讲发展密友关系带来的好处和机会，因此D选项“It is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later relationships.”承接上文，故选D。
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Ⅲ完形填空[2021·四川内江高三诊断]
Recep Mirzan from Turkey and a white swan are as close as a family. They haven't been . .1. . for nearly four decades. The story of their amazing . .2. . has melted the hearts of millions.
Mirzan was in a car when he spotted a . .3. . swan in an empty field in 1984. He had no idea that he was about to . .4. . his best friend. Mirzan . .5. . realized that leaving the bird there meant its . .6. ., as predators would have most likely eaten it, so he stopped the . .7. ., took it home and started nursing it back to health.
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After the female swan . .8. ., it didn't try to fly away.. .9. .,it befriended the other animals on Mirzan's farm in the Karaagac region, and decided to . .10. . Mirzan who named her Garip. Here, she has . .11. . the changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years!
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“She seems to . .12. . me completely. She comes when I call her. Since 1984,she has never left me, . .13. . during the river floods,” Mirzan said. “She used to be . .14. ., but she has grown old now, which makes me think she should be . .15. . more carefully from now on. Science has . .16. . swans can generally live for 20—25 years, but to my . .17. ., Garip has lived much longer than the average lifespan.”
To take more . .18. . care of the swan, he moved Garip's coop from the . .19. . to his yard. During the day, she is busy . .20. . her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks. Mirzan regards Garip as his child.
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( @59@ )1.A.different B.controllable C.separate D.unfortunate
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Recep Mirzan在1984年救助了一只受伤的白天鹅。之后，这只天鹅在将近四十年里一直与他形影不离，他们之间建立起了深厚的友谊。
根据第三段“Here, she…the changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years!”可知，这只天鹅与Mirzan近四十年没有分开过。故选C。different不同的；controllable可控制的； separate分开的； unfortunate不幸的。
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( @61@ )2.A.honesty B.friendship C.struggle D.success
B
[解析] 根据第二段his best friend以及最后一段her human friend可知，他们之间有深厚的友谊。故选B。honesty诚实；friendship友谊；struggle努力；success成功。
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( @63@ )3.A.caged B.hidden C.deserted D.wounded
D
[解析] 根据第二段“…took it home and started nursing it back to health.”可知，这只天鹅当时受伤了。故选D。caged关在笼子里的；hidden隐藏的； deserted被遗弃的；wounded受伤的。
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( @65@ )4.A.beat B.meet C.challenge D.interview
B
[解析] 根据上文“…when he spotted a…swan…”以及后文his best friend可知，Mirzan是第一次看见这只天鹅，但他不知道他遇见的这只天鹅即将成为他最好的朋友。故选B。beat打败；meet遇见；challenge挑战；interview采访。
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( @67@ )5.A.quickly B.occasionally C.frequently D.rarely
A
[解析] 上文谈到Mirzan看到这只天鹅受伤，且停留在空旷的田野中。本句后面谈到：有食肉动物极有可能对“她”不利。因此此处指他很快意识到把这只天鹅留在那里意味着它会死亡。故选A。quickly快速地；occasionally偶尔；frequently经常； rarely很少地。
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( @69@ )6.A.choice B.profit C.death D.failure
C
[解析] 根据后文“…as predators would have most likely eaten it…”可知，把这只天鹅留在田野里意味着它会死亡。故选C。choice选择；profit利润；death死亡；failure失败。
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( @71@ )7.A.bird B.plan C.pedestrian D.car
D
[解析] 根据第二段“Mirzan was in a car when he spotted…”可知，这里指他停下车，将这只天鹅带回家进行救助。故选D。bird鸟；plan计划；pedestrian行人；car汽车。
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( @73@ )8.A.changed B.recovered C.appeared D.travelled
B
[解析] 根据上文“…and started nursing it back to health.”可知，这里指这只天鹅在Mirzan的精心照料下恢复了健康。故选B。change改变；recover恢复；appear出现；travel旅行。
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( @75@ )9.A.Instead B.Also C.Otherwise D.Therefore
A
[解析] 这只天鹅并没有试图飞走，相反，“她”和Mirzan农场里的其他动物成了朋友。instead“相反；反而”符合语境。故选A。instead相反；also也；otherwise否则；therefore因此。
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( @77@ )10.A.stick around B.move on
C.hang out D.hold up
A
[解析] 根据后文“…changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years！”及前文谈到这只天鹅与Mirzan农场里的其他动物成了朋友可知，天鹅不走了，决定留下来。故选A。 stick around逗留；move on继续；hang out闲逛；hold up举起。
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( @79@ )11.A.witnessed B.made C.demanded D.accepted
A
[解析] 这只天鹅已经在他的农场生活了37年，“她”见证了Mirzan农场的变迁。故选A。witness目击，见证；make制作；demand要求；accept接受。
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( @81@ )12.A.encourage B.understand
C.remember D.approve
B
[解析] 根据后面“She comes when I call her.”可知，这只天鹅似乎完全可以理解Mirzan说的话。故选B。encourage鼓励；understand理解；remember记得；approve支持。
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( @83@ )13.A.then B.just C.even D.yet
C
[解析] 本空前面部分谈到从1984年开始，“她”就没有离开过Mirzan，本空表示程度的加深，表示即使是在洪水泛滥的时候“她”也没离开过，故选C。then然后；just仅仅；even甚至，即使；yet然而。
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( @85@ )14.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.strong D.considerate
C
[解析] 下文“…but she has grown old now…”说明“她”现在年龄已经很大了，由此可知，“她”过去(指年轻的时候)很强壮。故选C。sensitive敏感的；intelligent聪明的；strong强壮的； considerate体贴的。
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( @87@ )15.A.supported B.motivated
C.examined D.attended
D
[解析] 上文提到天鹅年龄大了，所以Mirzan认为他应该更加小心地照顾这只天鹅。故选D。support支持；motivate激发；examine检查； attend照顾。
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( @89@ )16.A.expected B.suspected C.meant D.proved
D
[解析] 根据后文“…swans can generally live for 20—25 years…”可知此处指科学证明天鹅有20到25年的寿命。故选D。expect期待；suspect怀疑；mean意味着；prove证明。
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( @91@ )17.A.interest B.relief C.puzzle D.regret
B
[解析] 根据后文“…Garip has lived much longer than the average lifespan.”可知，这只天鹅已经活到了比平均寿命长得多的年龄了，这是让Mirzan感到欣慰的事情。故选B。interest兴趣； relief安慰； puzzle困惑； regret后悔。
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( @93@ )18.A.normal B.similar C.convenient D.flexible
C
[解析] 后文提到Mirzan将天鹅的窝迁到了自己的院子里面，结合前文谈到他想更加小心地照顾天鹅可知，这里是说他这样做的目的是想更加方便地照顾天鹅。故选C。normal正常的；similar相似的；convenient方便的； flexible灵活的。
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( @95@ )19.A.farm B.tree C.river D.garden
A
[解析] 此处呼应上文中“…changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years！”。Garip在农场住了37年，如今搬到了院子里。故选A。farm农场；tree树木； river河流； garden花园。
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( @97@ )20.A.guiding B.helping C.comforting D.following
D
[解析] 根据后文“…her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks.”可知，无论Mirzan走到哪里，Garip都跟着他。follow符合语境。故选D。guide指导；help帮助；comfort安慰；follow跟随。
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Unit 1 Friendship
[2021·浙江1月考] 假定你是李华,下周有新西兰学生访问你校,你将作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.介绍活动安排;
3.表达祝愿。
精彩美文
Dear friends,
We feel so delighted by your visit and I'm extending our warmest welcome to you on behalf of our school.
佳作晨读赏析
We have made a detailed arrangement for you. First, you'll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant, where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food. Then a talk concerning Chinese and New Zealand culture is scheduled to deepen mutual understanding. Aiming to promote our friendship further, we also plan to organize a friendly basketball match.
We do sincerely hope you have a rewarding and memorable time!
佳作晨读赏析
名师点睛
1.文章体裁:应用文——发言稿。
2.行文逻辑:表示欢迎→介绍安排→表达祝愿。
3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: extend(提供,给予), detailed(详细的), have a taste of sth (品尝某物,了解某物), authentic(地道的),concerning (关于), be scheduled to do sth(计划做某事),deepen mutual understanding (深化相互了解),rewarding(值得的,有意义的)等。
佳作晨读赏析
4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①定语从句:where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food;②现在分词短语作状语:Aiming to promote our friendship further;③强调句: We do sincerely hope等。
佳作晨读赏析
单词荟萃
【基础词汇】
1. n. 连续;系列
2. n. 窗帘;门帘;幕布
3. n. 伙伴;合作者;合伙人
4. n. 公路;大路
5. n. 手提箱;衣箱
6. n. 大衣;外套
7. n. 十几岁的青少年
series
curtain
partner
highway
suitcase
overcoat
基础自主梳理
teenager
8. n. 小费;尖端;提示,技巧 vt. 翻倒;倾斜
9. n. 条款;项目
10. vt. & vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定 adj. 平静的;镇静的;沉着的
11. vt. & vi. 包装;打包行李;捆扎 n. 小包;包裹
12. vi. 打雷;雷鸣 n. 雷;雷声
13. vt. 交换
14. adj. 感激的;表示谢意的
15. adv.确实如此;确切地
exactly
pack
calm
grateful
thunder
swap
基础自主梳理
tip
item
【拓展词汇】
16. n.能力;力量;权力→ adj.强有力的
17. n.寂寞;孤单→lonely adj.寂寞的;偏僻的
18. vt.不理睬;忽视→ n.无知,愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的,愚昧的
19. vt. & vi. 遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n.痛苦;苦难
20. vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n.担心;关注;(利害)关系→
adj.担忧的
power
powerful
loneliness
ignore
ignorance
suffer
基础自主梳理
concern
concerned
21. vt.使定居;安排;解决 vi. 安家;停留→settlement n.殖民;解决→ n.定居者;移民
22. vi. & vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→ n.恢复;治愈
23. vi.不同意→disagreement n.不赞成→agree vi.同意→
n.赞成
24. vt.不喜欢;厌恶 n.厌恶,反感,不喜爱→like vt. 喜欢;喜爱
25. adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.使不安;使心烦→ (过去式)→ (过去分词)→ (现在分词)
settle
settler
recover
recovery
disagree
agreement
基础自主梳理
dislike
upset
upset
upset
upsetting
26. adj.松的;松开的→loosely adv.宽松地;放荡地;轻率地→
v.(使)放松;松开
27. adj.德国的;德国人的;德语的 n.德国人;德语→
n.德国
28. adv.在户外;在野外→outdoor adj.户外的;露天的;野外的→ adv.在室内→indoor adj. 室内的;户内的
29. adj.积满灰尘的→dust n.灰尘
30. adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地
loose
loosen
基础自主梳理
German
Germany
outdoors
indoors
dusty
entire
短语检测
【动词及系表结构型】
1. 合计
2. 将(东西)装箱打包
3. 经历;经受
4. 记下;放下;登记
5. 平静下来;镇定下来
6. 遭受;患病
7. 从……中恢复过来
add up
pack (sth) up
go through
set down
calm down
suffer from
基础自主梳理
recover from
8. 参加;加入
9. 不得不;必须
10. 与……相处;进展
11. 与……相爱;爱上……
12. have trouble sth/in doing sth 做某事有困难
13.get/be upset /over… 对……感到烦恼
14.be concerned 关心;挂念
15.get/be tired 对……厌烦
join in
have got to
get along/on with
fall in love with
with
about
基础自主梳理
about
of
16.be grateful sb sth因某事而感激某人
17.grow crazy 对……变得狂热
【介词短语及其他型】
18. 在黄昏时刻
19. 故意
20. 为了……
21. 面对面地
22. 不再……
at dusk
on purpose
in order to
face to face
no longer/not...any longer
基础自主梳理
to
for
about
佳句再现
A. 核心语法考点句
1.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long I've grown so crazy everything to do with nature.
2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months
they were discovered.
that
about
before
基础自主梳理
3.She found it difficult (settle)and calm down in the hiding place,because she was concerned whether they would be discovered.
4.Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot so many clothes on.
5.Another time five months ago, I happened (be) upstairs at dusk…
to settle
about
with
基础自主梳理
to be
6.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me
(entire) in their power…
7.…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains
(hang) before very dusty windows.
8.While (walk) the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
entirely
hanging
walking
基础自主梳理
B.经典写作背诵句
1. There was a time when…曾经……;一度……
… a deep blue sky,the song of the birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
……曾经有一段时间,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我痴迷。
2. It/This/That is/was the first time that…这/那是(某人)第一次……(从句用完成时)
… in a year and a half the night face to face… ……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
there was a time when
it was the first time
基础自主梳理
that I'd seen
3. It's no pleasure doing sth. 做某事没乐趣。
these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
4. find+it+形容词+to do sth 发现做某事是……的
I try to talk to my classmates,I still ________________
them.
虽然我尽力去跟我的同学交谈,但是我还是发现很难和他们成为好朋友。
It's no pleasure looking through
Although
find it hard
基础自主梳理
to make good friends with
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 构词记忆 前缀dis-,表示“相反,相对”
①agree vi.同意,赞成→disagree vi. 不同意
②like vt.喜欢→dislike vt. 不喜欢
③honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的
④advantage n.优势→disadvantage n.劣势
规律记忆 “名词+to+名词”型短语
①face to face 面对面地
②heart to heart 心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
④back to back背靠背地
upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的 vt. (upset, upset, upsetting)(to make sb/yourself feel unhappy, anxious or annoyed)使不安;使心烦;打翻;打乱
(1)be upset about/by/at sth 为某事烦心
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安
考点互动探究
单词点睛
(2)(sth) upset sb (某事)使某人心烦意乱
(sb) upset sth (某人)打/弄翻某物
It upsets sb to do sth. 做某事让某人心烦。
It upsets sb that… 让某人心烦的是……
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Our plan (upset) by the sudden change in the weather, so we had to try another way.
②He stormed into the room, (upset) the flower vase on the table.
was upset
upsetting
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
It upset us most that our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.
→ our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm.(用what改写)
→Our flight was delayed because of the fierce storm,
. (用which改写)
What upset us most was that
which upset us most
考点互动探究
concern vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n.担心;关注;重要的事情;令人担忧的事实(或情况)
(1)show/express concern for/about… 对……表示关心/担心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的;感兴趣的;关注的
be concerned about/for sth 为某事而担心/忧虑
as far as…be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于;涉及
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] concern 作名词讲时,可以抽象名词具体化,a concern表示“一件令人担忧的事情”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①He is concerned how much profit he can gain from this project.
② (concern) about his sick wife, he hurried home immediately after the meeting.
③The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything
(concern) the sales in time.
about
Concerned
concerning
考点互动探究
(2)The food safety is affecting the quality of human life, which has become (一个巨大的担忧) in China and around the world.
(3) , the majority of the senior high students in our school are admitted into their dream universities.
据我所知,我们学校大部分的高中生都被他们梦寐以求的大学录取了。
a big concern
As far as I am concerned
考点互动探究
power n.(the ability to do sth; political control of a country or an area; the strength or energy contained in sth)能力;权力;力量;(电)能量 vt.(to supply power to especially a vehicle) 向……提供动力;驱动
(1)be in power 执政;掌权
come to/into power=take power 掌握政权;执政
have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力
考点互动探究
do everything in one's power to do sth(=do/try one's best to do sth; spare no effort to do sth;make an effort to do sth)=do all sb can to do sth 某人尽力/竭尽全力做某事
a power cut/failure 停电
beyond/out of one's power 超出某人的能力
(2)powerful adj. 有影响力的;强有力的
(3)powerless adj. 无影响力的;无权的
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The government has been power for twenty years, and is still going strong.
②They have invented a new car,which (power) by solar batteries.
③The results of this kind of work are simple and they're_____________
(power).
in
is powered
powerful
考点互动探究
④The local government did everything in its power (save) the building dating back to the Qing Dynasty.
(2)句式转换
We will do our best to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
→We will to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(用all引导的定语从句改写)
→We will to help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (用power的短语改写)
to save
do all we can
do everything in our power
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Not that John doesn't want to help you, but that it's beyond his power. 并不是约翰不想帮你,而是那件事他无能为力。
考点互动探究
settle v. (to end an argument or solve a disagreement)结束(争论),解决(分歧等),和解; (to decide or arrange sth finally)决定,确定,安排好; 定居; 使处于舒适的位置; (使)平静
(1)settle down 舒服地坐下;定居;平静下来
settle in 习惯于(新居);适应(新工作、新学校)
(2)It's/That's settled. 就这么定了。
(3)settlement n. 解决;定居地;协议,和解
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①The weather is expected to settle towards the end of the week.
②We've moved all over the country, but I'd like to settle here now.
③After dinner we settled in front of the television for the evening.
④We firmly believe that war never settles anything.
平静
定居
舒适地坐下
解决
考点互动探究
(2)单句填空
①It's time you (settle) your differences with your father.
②The is home to nearly 1,000 people.
(3)短语填空
①After years as a travelling journalist, she in Ireland.
②I enjoyed King Edward's School enormously once I'd .
settled
settlement
settled down
settled in
考点互动探究
suffer vt. (to experience something unpleasant) 遭受,蒙受 vi. (to be badly affected by a disease, pain, etc.)受苦
(1)suffer from 遭受……(表示受苦的原因);患……病
(2)suffering n. [U]痛苦;[C]苦恼(常用复数形式)
(3)sufferer n. 受苦者;患者
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] (1)suffer用作及物动词时,表示“遭受;蒙受”,其后常跟loss/punishment/hardship/defeat/injury/poverty等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时,常与介词from连用,意为“受……折磨/之苦,患……病”,其后的名词多表示非常具体的不幸或痛苦,如: suffer from a bad cold/headaches/trouble/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster等。
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Though we have suffered serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
②Alice (suffer) from a bad cold, and I'm afraid that we can't call on her at the moment.
③As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys' room where Ann found Jack (suffer) from a heart attack.
from
is suffering
suffering
考点互动探究
④But it's our duty to try our best to reduce (suffer) and the loss of life. (新教材,北师大版必修第二册)
(2)句式转换
He had never suffered such a great loss before, so he almost lost the hope for life.
→Never before , so he almost lost the hope for life. (用倒装句改写)
→Never before, he almost lost the hope for life. (用分词作状语改写)
suffering
had he suffered such a great loss
having suffered such a great loss
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White had to take some medicine with him wherever he went. 由于患心脏病多年,怀特教授无论到哪里都不得不随身带一些药。
考点互动探究
recover vi. & vt.(to return to a normal state or to win back a position) 痊愈;恢复;重新获得;找回
(1)recover (=make a recovery) from… 从……中恢复过来
recover one's strength/balance 恢复某人的体力/身体平衡
(2)recovery n. 恢复;复苏;痊愈;复得
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The owner has offered a reward for the (recover) of the stolen goods.
② (recover)from failure is often easier than building from success.
recovery
Recovering
考点互动探究
(2)一词多义
①In the good care of nurses,the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation.
②Hearing the police had recovered the stolen jewellery, the shopkeeper breathed a sigh of relief.
恢复
找回
考点互动探究
add up 合计;加起来
(1)add vt. 增加;添加;补充说
add to 使(数量)增加;使(规模)扩大
add up to 总共是;总计为
add…to… 把……加到/进……里
(2)addition n. 加;增加
in addition to… 除……之外(还)
考点互动探究
短语储存
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①In addition giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
②The trip, I believe, will add greatly our knowledge and understanding of our country.
③The teacher asked me if I was ready, (add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate.
to
to
adding
考点互动探究
(2)用add up/add to/add up to的适当形式填空
①Strong winds his difficulties, but he was able to swim across the channel.
②They all the advantages and disadvantages and tried to come to a decision.
③The money she spends on clothes a month ________________
$1,000.
added to
added up
adds up to
考点互动探究
go through (to suffer) 经受;经历;(to be completed or accepted)通过,达成;仔细检查;详细研究
get through 正式通过;接通电话
break through 冲破;突破
see through 看穿;识破
pull through 帮……复原,康复;完成,做成(十分困难的事)
look through 浏览; 快速查看
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①Her application went through and she was employed.
②We spent days going through all related reference materials.
③With great concentration she went through the movements.
通过;被批准
详细研究
考点互动探究
完成,做完
④“When you go through tough times, you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says. (新教材,人教版必修第二册)
(2)用“动词+through”短语的适当形式填空
①They would never forget the experience they ____________________
last year.
②Everyone was very concerned whether he would__________________
or not.
went through
pull through
考点互动探究
经历
③ newspapers every day and you can keep up with the rapidly developing situation.
④In sports, there is no use cheating to fall down or be hurt, because in the end, the audience will it.(新教材,人教版必修第一册)
see through
考点互动探究
Look through
⑤Some members of the crowd managed to the police barrier.
(3)素养金句
Although he has gone through ups and downs, I believe he will succeed one day.
虽然他一直经历沉浮,但我相信他总有一天会成功的。
break through
考点互动探究
set down (to write down or to record)记下;登记;放下; 制定 (规则、原则等)
set up 设立;建立;成立
set out to do sth 开始/着手做某事
set about doing sth 着手做某事
set aside 留出;拨出(时间、金钱等);不顾;把……放在一边
set off 出发;动身;引起;使爆炸
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①We had to set down rules for the behaviour of the members.
②The bus stops regularly to set down and pick up passengers.
③He gave them a new vision of what the United States of America should be, based on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.(新教材,外研版选择性必修第二)
制定(规则、原则等)
让……下车,放下
写下,记下
考点互动探究
(2)用set相关短语的适当形式填空
①He was asked the facts just as he remembered them.
②With high-speed trains, people will factories and business centres in the west once and for all.
③From a long-term point of view, it is time for us to _______________
solving this problem.
to set down
set up
set about
考点互动探究
④I am going to some time for a meeting tomorrow.
(3)素养金句
While he was travelling, he set down his impression of China in his diaries.
旅途中,他把对中国的印象写在了他的日记中。
考点互动探究
set aside
get along/on with 与……相处;进展
get along 进展
get over 克服;解决
get rid of 扔掉;摆脱
get through 顺利通过(考试等);用完;度过,熬过
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
①However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with them as well as possible.
②We were held up for lack of materials at first, but now we are getting along quite nicely.
与……相处
进展;进行
考点互动探究
(2)用get相关短语的适当形式填空
①You have to be happy with yourself before you can expect to
others.
②I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we
.
③Believe in yourself. You will the difficulty.
④I don't know how they these cold winters.
⑤It is difficult to deep-rooted habits.
get along with
get along well
get over
get through
考点互动探究
get rid of
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗时,你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子,结果狗被汽车撞了。
句型公式
“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构
考点互动探究
句型透视
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
while walking the dog相当于while you were walking the dog。当when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects.
②They were surprised by her openness when (talk) about her private life.
③He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless ______________
(speak) to.
taken
talking
spoken
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
①While I was waiting for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
→ by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.(用省略句改写)
②Every evening after dinner, if I'm not tired from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
→Every evening after dinner, , I will spend some time walking my dog. (用省略句改写)
While waiting for the bus
if not tired from work
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
While (he was) travelling in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures. 在欧洲旅行时,他发现了许多有趣的事情,体验了不同的文化。
考点互动探究
I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句型公式
强调句
考点互动探究
考点互动探究
【相关拓展】
(1)强调句的陈述句
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分.
(2)强调句的一般疑问句
Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分
考点互动探究
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+句子其他成分
(4)“not…until…”句型的强调句
It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分.
[温馨提示] 强调句型用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分,不能强调谓语。被强调部分是人时,可以用who或that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It was almost one hundred years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
②Sometimes it's your efforts not your intelligence that
(determine) your success.
that
determine
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
①He was saved on a lonely island one month after the boat went down.
→ he was saved one month after the boat went down. (用强调句改写)
②His musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century.
→ his musical gift was fully recognized. (用强调句改写)
It was on a lonely island that
It was not until the early 19th century that
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
It was when I got back to my apartment that I came across my new neighbours.
正是当我回到我的公寓时,我偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
考点互动探究
…it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face………这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
句型公式
It is/was the first (second…) time that sb has/have/had done sth.
这是某人第……次做某事。
考点互动探究
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
“It is/was+the+序数词+time+that从句.”表示“这是某人第……次做某事。”如果前面用is,则that从句用现在完成时;如果前面用was,则that从句用过去完成时。
【相关拓展】
(1)It is (high/about) time that…是……的时候了。(从句用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”)
(2)It is time (for sb) to do sth. 是(某人)该做某事的时候了。
(3)There was a time when…一度/曾经……
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It seems like high time that we (look) seriously at the problem and the pressure it brings us.
②It is the second time that you (fail) in the experiment.It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes.
③There was a time New York City buildings were almost all the same height.
looked/(should) look
have failed
when
考点互动探究
④I guess it is time (rush) out to Nanjing Road to sweep the stores for the last-minute discount.
(2)素养金句
It was my first time that I had made my trip in the high-speed rail, so I was very excited.
这是我第一次乘高铁旅行,因此我非常激动。
考点互动探究
to rush
不规则动词及易错动词变形练
1.At last, his years of hard work paid off and he____________________
(admit) to Beijing University.
2.He wrote a letter to me, (admit) that he had misunderstood me.
3.You will get (annoy) in a theatre when a person sits too close to you.
was admitted
admitting
annoyed
语言素养提升
4.The man (apply) for the post of a signalman on the railway, but was turned down as he was colour-blind and couldn't distinguish red from green.
5.Some learning difficulties (arise) from the way children were taught at school.
6.Problems (arise) over plans to build a new supermarket here since last year.
applied
arose
have arisen
语言素养提升
熟词生义练
众所周知,初、高中英语教材中的单词清单所给出的只是每个单词最基本的意思,即“熟义”。然而,教材“熟词”在高考文章中却产生了“生义”或“多义”,这便是我们常说的“熟词生义”或“一词多义”现象。
语言素养提升
【典题示例】 Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. [2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解A] 每年,参赛作品的高水平表明这个奖项是展示英国风景的最佳摄影作品的完美平台。
[分析] entry的常用意义为“进入(an act of going into or getting into a place)”,此处意为“参赛作品(something that you do, write or make to take part in a competition, for example answering a set of questions)”。
语言素养提升
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义。
1.absent
①John has been absent from school/work for three days.
②When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent way and didn't answer.
缺席的
茫然的,心不在焉的
语言素养提升
2.absorb
①In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.
②She was so absorbed in her book that she didn't hear anyone knocking at the door.
③It is easier to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them.
吸收
全神贯注的
理解;掌握
语言素养提升
3.accommodate
①The building can accommodate all of the offshore workers and protect them from hurricane damage.
②They find it hard to accommodate themselves to the new working conditions in the beginning.
提供住宿;容纳
使……适应;使……顺应
语言素养提升
4.act
①It's very important to act now before the problem gets really serious.
②It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
行动,做事
起作用
语言素养提升
5.address
①I gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to him.
②The next meeting will address the problem of pollution.
③The new president is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
写(收信人)姓名地址;致函
解决,处理
发表演说
语言素养提升
基础检测
Ⅰ单句填空
1.Of the 100 factories ____________ (survey), only 40% are environmentally friendly.
surveyed
2.Seeing her again would be an ____________ (upset) experience after so many years.
upsetting
3.She reacted surprisingly _________ (calm) to the news of his death.
calmly
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.Today's teachers are not the ____________ (power) authority figures they once were.
powerful
5.I'd like to get this matter __________ (settle) once and for all (=reach a final decision on it).
settled
6.He is in hospital, _____________ (recover) from his serious illness.
recovering
7.Nowadays with the help of modern instruments fishing is no longer __________ (entire) dependent on the weather.
entirely
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.Most people at the meeting really got _______(tire) of his tiresome speech.
tired
9.I shall always be grateful _____ my former teacher for introducing me to the study of the language.
to
10.Most of the problems were solved at the meeting, but two were left ___________(hang) in the air.
hanging
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅱ短语检测
1.You will know the result when you __________ (合计) all the numbers.
add up
2.She gave _____________ (一系列的) lectures at Warwick University last year on contemporary British writers.
a series of
3.Cindy said she ___________________ (爱上) her husband the minute she saw him.
fell in love with
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.He is kind and friendly. He ___________________ (与……相处融洽) almost everyone.
gets along with
5.It took me an hour to ______________(平静下来) after the argument.
calm down
6.They asked her to ____________ (记下) the facts just as she remembered them.
set down
7.In the evening there was a party, with the whole village ____________ (加入) the fun.
joining in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8.The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things _____________ (打包).
packed up
9.The operation was successfully performed, but the patient ________________ (遭受) shock.
suffered from
10.Remember to ______________ (仔细检查) the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine.
go through
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ⅲ句型训练
1.________________________________,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
爬山时,我们享受到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain
2.It was when we were returning home _________________ what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
正是在我们回家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人的感觉是多么好。
that I realized
1
2
3
4
5
3.We planned to put up in a hotel there ___________________________________________________ the sunrise the next morning.
为了第二天早晨看日出，我们计划住在那儿的一家旅馆里。
in order to watch/in order that we could watch
4.At the beginning of the term, I ___________________ to study English.
在这学期初，我感到学英语很困难。
found it difficult
5.She didn't feel a bit nervous though it was the first time ___________________________.
她虽是第一次当众讲话，却一点都不发慌。
she'd spoken in public
1
2
3
4
5
Ⅳ课文语法填空
Anne was a little girl 1.____________lived in the capital of the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish, so they had to hide to avoid 2.________________(catch) by the German Nazis. Her whole family 3.______(hide) away for a long time 4._________they were discovered. She treated her diary 5._____her best friend. She often wrote down 6.________she thought. She then grew so crazy about everything 7._________ (do) with nature. Once the dark,rainy evening,the wind and the thundering clouds held her 8.__________(entire) in their power,
who/that
being caught
hid
before
as
what
to do
entirely
which was the first time in a year and a half that she 9.____________(see) the night face to face. What a poor and brave girl she was. In her mind she thought nature was one thing that really must 10.__________________(experience).
had seen
be experienced
素养提升
Ⅰ阅读理解[2021·山东泰安一中模拟]
Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development. According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found.
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4
“Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood，” the authors, led by Rachel K. Narr，a postdoctoral student focusing on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote.
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Past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. “My hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way,” Narr told Quartz. “Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other.”
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Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.
And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. “As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,” study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.
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( @36@ )1.What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship
A.Excellent performance in high school.
B.A larger group of friends.
C.Mental health by early adulthood.
D.A large social network in the future.
C
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的青少年直到成年早期都不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去认为友谊很重要的研究相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.”可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。
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( @38@ )2.What can we learn about the past research
A.It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.
B.It was totally different from the new research.
C.It helped improve teenagers' mental health.
D.It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important.”可知，过去的研究认为青少年间的友谊非常重要。故选A。
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( @40@ )3.What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits
A.Not continuing to have a close relationship.
B.Having a best friend in high school.
C.Understanding the world of social media.
D.Knowing how to build a close friendship.
D
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能会带来心理健康益处。故选D。
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( @42@ )4.What did the researcher Joseph suggest
A.Learning to use social media.
B.Broadening your social circle.
C.Improving the skills of making friends.
D.Concentrating on high-quality relationships.
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority…”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在与一些人发展亲密关系，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。
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Ⅱ阅读七选五[2021·湖北高三联考]
When I was teaching, we talked a lot about high vs low-stakes (风险) writing. Recently, I've been thinking about friendships the same way—high and low-stakes friendships. Since the stakes might be different for men and women, I will limit this discussion to women's friendships with men and women. 1.____
B
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Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate (亲密的). 2.____ We also depend on the other person for support in difficult times; advice in times of conflict, and sympathy in times of regret. We feel “known” by them. The loss of a high-stakes friend is painful: it has a noticeable impact on our lives.
E
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Low-stakes friendships, on the other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally. We may play bridge or tennis together and go out for dinner with our partners. 3.____ We don't share any feelings or experiences that would make us feel emotionally fragile and we do not talk about feelings towards each other. The loss of a low-stakes friend may be regrettable, but it does not leave any mark in our lives.
A
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According to Professor Harry Stack Sullivan, the first high-stakes friendship is typically formed in pre-adolescence(10—12) with a friend of the same sex, a “chum” (密友). The chumship is a relationship in which the other person's interest and security become as important as one's own.
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4.____ The pre-adolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings. To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Successful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise. 5._____
A. But we do not feel “known”.
B. What do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships
C. The formation of the chumship is crucial to personality growth.
C
D
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D. It is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later relationships.
E. We share feelings about important aspects of our lives and about each other.
F. An end to the friendship would have a dramatic impact on our sense of well-being.
G. Chumships occur during pre-adolescence, but they can continue much longer than that.
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B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了高风险和低风险的友谊。
1.____
[解析] 根据上文“Recently, I've been thinking about friendships the same way—high and low-stakes friendships.”，再结合第二段“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate(亲密的).”，以及第三段“Low-stakes friendships, on the other hand, are more casual and limited emotionally.”可以看出，第一段提到友谊有高风险和低风险两种模式，且二、三段分别介绍高风险和低风险友谊的内涵。所以B选项“What do I mean by high and low-stakes friendships ”起承上启下的作用，故选B。
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2.____
E
[解析] 根据上文“Friendships are high stakes when they are intimate(亲密的).”可以看出，接下来是对高风险友谊的描述。E选项“We share feelings about important aspects of our lives and about each other.”是对高风险友谊的描述之一，符合题意。故选E。
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3.____
A
[解析] 根据第二段的“We feel 'known' by them.”可知，A选项“But we do not feel 'known'.”与其做对比，是对低风险友谊的阐述，符合题意。故选A。
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4.____
C
[解析] 第四段引出了“密友”，并且第四段的“The chumship is a relationship in which the other person's interest and security become as important as one's own.”介绍了密友关系，而设空处下一句“The pre-adolescent who successfully enters a chumship finds someone with whom she can share her innermost thoughts and feelings.”主要是在讲密友关系的重要性，C项“The formation of the chumship is crucial to personality growth.”说明了其重要性。故选C。
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5._____
D
[解析] 上文“To her chum, she can reveal what she feels to be the most terrible things about herself in an atmosphere of acceptance. Successful chumships offer an opportunity to work through disagreements and learn to compromise.”是在讲发展密友关系带来的好处和机会，因此D选项“It is a developmental stage that lays the groundwork for later relationships.”承接上文，故选D。
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Ⅲ完形填空[2021·四川内江高三诊断]
Recep Mirzan from Turkey and a white swan are as close as a family. They haven't been . .1. . for nearly four decades. The story of their amazing . .2. . has melted the hearts of millions.
Mirzan was in a car when he spotted a . .3. . swan in an empty field in 1984. He had no idea that he was about to . .4. . his best friend. Mirzan . .5. . realized that leaving the bird there meant its . .6. ., as predators would have most likely eaten it, so he stopped the . .7. ., took it home and started nursing it back to health.
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After the female swan . .8. ., it didn't try to fly away.. .9. .,it befriended the other animals on Mirzan's farm in the Karaagac region, and decided to . .10. . Mirzan who named her Garip. Here, she has . .11. . the changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years!
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“She seems to . .12. . me completely. She comes when I call her. Since 1984,she has never left me, . .13. . during the river floods,” Mirzan said. “She used to be . .14. ., but she has grown old now, which makes me think she should be . .15. . more carefully from now on. Science has . .16. . swans can generally live for 20—25 years, but to my . .17. ., Garip has lived much longer than the average lifespan.”
To take more . .18. . care of the swan, he moved Garip's coop from the . .19. . to his yard. During the day, she is busy . .20. . her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks. Mirzan regards Garip as his child.
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( @59@ )1.A.different B.controllable C.separate D.unfortunate
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Recep Mirzan在1984年救助了一只受伤的白天鹅。之后，这只天鹅在将近四十年里一直与他形影不离，他们之间建立起了深厚的友谊。
根据第三段“Here, she…the changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years!”可知，这只天鹅与Mirzan近四十年没有分开过。故选C。different不同的；controllable可控制的； separate分开的； unfortunate不幸的。
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( @61@ )2.A.honesty B.friendship C.struggle D.success
B
[解析] 根据第二段his best friend以及最后一段her human friend可知，他们之间有深厚的友谊。故选B。honesty诚实；friendship友谊；struggle努力；success成功。
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( @63@ )3.A.caged B.hidden C.deserted D.wounded
D
[解析] 根据第二段“…took it home and started nursing it back to health.”可知，这只天鹅当时受伤了。故选D。caged关在笼子里的；hidden隐藏的； deserted被遗弃的；wounded受伤的。
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( @65@ )4.A.beat B.meet C.challenge D.interview
B
[解析] 根据上文“…when he spotted a…swan…”以及后文his best friend可知，Mirzan是第一次看见这只天鹅，但他不知道他遇见的这只天鹅即将成为他最好的朋友。故选B。beat打败；meet遇见；challenge挑战；interview采访。
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( @67@ )5.A.quickly B.occasionally C.frequently D.rarely
A
[解析] 上文谈到Mirzan看到这只天鹅受伤，且停留在空旷的田野中。本句后面谈到：有食肉动物极有可能对“她”不利。因此此处指他很快意识到把这只天鹅留在那里意味着它会死亡。故选A。quickly快速地；occasionally偶尔；frequently经常； rarely很少地。
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( @69@ )6.A.choice B.profit C.death D.failure
C
[解析] 根据后文“…as predators would have most likely eaten it…”可知，把这只天鹅留在田野里意味着它会死亡。故选C。choice选择；profit利润；death死亡；failure失败。
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( @71@ )7.A.bird B.plan C.pedestrian D.car
D
[解析] 根据第二段“Mirzan was in a car when he spotted…”可知，这里指他停下车，将这只天鹅带回家进行救助。故选D。bird鸟；plan计划；pedestrian行人；car汽车。
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( @73@ )8.A.changed B.recovered C.appeared D.travelled
B
[解析] 根据上文“…and started nursing it back to health.”可知，这里指这只天鹅在Mirzan的精心照料下恢复了健康。故选B。change改变；recover恢复；appear出现；travel旅行。
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( @75@ )9.A.Instead B.Also C.Otherwise D.Therefore
A
[解析] 这只天鹅并没有试图飞走，相反，“她”和Mirzan农场里的其他动物成了朋友。instead“相反；反而”符合语境。故选A。instead相反；also也；otherwise否则；therefore因此。
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( @77@ )10.A.stick around B.move on
C.hang out D.hold up
A
[解析] 根据后文“…changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years！”及前文谈到这只天鹅与Mirzan农场里的其他动物成了朋友可知，天鹅不走了，决定留下来。故选A。 stick around逗留；move on继续；hang out闲逛；hold up举起。
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( @79@ )11.A.witnessed B.made C.demanded D.accepted
A
[解析] 这只天鹅已经在他的农场生活了37年，“她”见证了Mirzan农场的变迁。故选A。witness目击，见证；make制作；demand要求；accept接受。
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( @81@ )12.A.encourage B.understand
C.remember D.approve
B
[解析] 根据后面“She comes when I call her.”可知，这只天鹅似乎完全可以理解Mirzan说的话。故选B。encourage鼓励；understand理解；remember记得；approve支持。
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( @83@ )13.A.then B.just C.even D.yet
C
[解析] 本空前面部分谈到从1984年开始，“她”就没有离开过Mirzan，本空表示程度的加深，表示即使是在洪水泛滥的时候“她”也没离开过，故选C。then然后；just仅仅；even甚至，即使；yet然而。
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( @85@ )14.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.strong D.considerate
C
[解析] 下文“…but she has grown old now…”说明“她”现在年龄已经很大了，由此可知，“她”过去(指年轻的时候)很强壮。故选C。sensitive敏感的；intelligent聪明的；strong强壮的； considerate体贴的。
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( @87@ )15.A.supported B.motivated
C.examined D.attended
D
[解析] 上文提到天鹅年龄大了，所以Mirzan认为他应该更加小心地照顾这只天鹅。故选D。support支持；motivate激发；examine检查； attend照顾。
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( @89@ )16.A.expected B.suspected C.meant D.proved
D
[解析] 根据后文“…swans can generally live for 20—25 years…”可知此处指科学证明天鹅有20到25年的寿命。故选D。expect期待；suspect怀疑；mean意味着；prove证明。
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( @91@ )17.A.interest B.relief C.puzzle D.regret
B
[解析] 根据后文“…Garip has lived much longer than the average lifespan.”可知，这只天鹅已经活到了比平均寿命长得多的年龄了，这是让Mirzan感到欣慰的事情。故选B。interest兴趣； relief安慰； puzzle困惑； regret后悔。
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( @93@ )18.A.normal B.similar C.convenient D.flexible
C
[解析] 后文提到Mirzan将天鹅的窝迁到了自己的院子里面，结合前文谈到他想更加小心地照顾天鹅可知，这里是说他这样做的目的是想更加方便地照顾天鹅。故选C。normal正常的；similar相似的；convenient方便的； flexible灵活的。
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( @95@ )19.A.farm B.tree C.river D.garden
A
[解析] 此处呼应上文中“…changes of Mirzan's farm for the last 37 years！”。Garip在农场住了37年，如今搬到了院子里。故选A。farm农场；tree树木； river河流； garden花园。
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( @97@ )20.A.guiding B.helping C.comforting D.following
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[解析] 根据后文“…her human friend around, either during his daily chores, or on his evening walks.”可知，无论Mirzan走到哪里，Garip都跟着他。follow符合语境。故选D。guide指导；help帮助；comfort安慰；follow跟随。
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