2023年英语人教版（新课程标准）高考总复习课件：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes(109张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023年英语人教版（新课程标准）高考总复习课件：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes(109张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-21 17:07:40 | ||
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(共109张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
假设你是李华,是学校广播站的英语播音员。为提高大家的防震意识,你校将举办一次地震演练。请你根据所提供的信息,用英语写一篇广播稿。内容包括:
1.地震演练时间;
2.地震演练参加人员;
3.地震演练要求。
佳作晨读赏析
精彩美文
Dear boys and girls,
Attention, please!
An earthquake drill is to be held from 10:00 am to 11:00 am next Tuesday. All the students are required to take part in the drill. Class meetings should be held first to give the students some instructions on what to do when an earthquake occurs. It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape
佳作晨读赏析
routes. On hearing the signal, students should escape immediately under the guidance of the class teacher. All the students are to gather on the playground. Two student volunteers should be chosen from each class to keep order during the drill.
That's all. Thank you.
佳作晨读赏析
名师点睛
1.文章体裁:应用文——广播稿。
2.行文逻辑:演练时间→全体学生参加→演练要求与过程。
3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: be required to (被要求), bear in mind (牢记), under the guidance of (在……指引下), keep order(维持纪律)等。
佳作晨读赏析
4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①不定式被动形式:to be held;②时间状语从句:when an earthquake occurs; ③it形式主语:It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape routes;④现在分词作状语:On hearing the signal;⑤be to do表将来:All the students are to gather on the playground等。
佳作晨读赏析
单词荟萃
【基础词汇】
1. n. 地震
2. n. 事件;大事
3. n. 废墟;毁灭 vt. 毁灭;使破产
4. n.苦难;痛苦
5. n. 轨道;足迹;痕迹
6. n. & vt. 援救;营救
earthquake
event
ruin
suffering
track
rescue
基础自主梳理
7. n. 灾难;灾祸
8. n. 掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处
9. n.损害;损失vt. 损害,毁坏
10. n.报刊的大字标题
11. n. 要点;大纲;轮廓
12. vt. 破坏;毁坏;消灭
13. vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境
14. vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
15. adv. 真诚地;真挚地
headline
damage
trap
outline
destroy
基础自主梳理
disaster
shelter
sincerely
bury
【拓展词汇】
16. vi. 破裂,爆发→burst (过去式) →burst(过去分词)
17. n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的;民族的→nationality n.国籍
18. adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
19. vt.损害;伤害→injury n.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的
20. n.幸存者;生还者;残存物→survive v.幸存;生还→survival n.生存;存活
injure
extreme
survivor
基础自主梳理
burst
nation
21. adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful adj.有用的,有益的;有帮助的
22. vt. & vi.(使)震惊;震动→shocking adj.令人震惊的
→shocked adj.震惊的
23. n.污垢;泥土→dirty adj.脏的;弄脏的
24. n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.电的;用电的→electrical adj.发电的
25. n.矿;矿山→miner n.矿工
useless
shock
dirt
electricity
基础自主梳理
mine
26. vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
27. n.祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
28. n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断;评价
29. vt.表示;表达 n.快车;速递→expression n.表达,表示;词语
30. n.骑自行车的人→cycle vt.骑自行车
frighten
congratulation
judge
express
基础自主梳理
cyclist
短语检测
【动词及系表结构型】
1. 掘出;发现
2. 分发;发出
3. 突然迸发;爆发
4. 通过……判断……
5.congratulate sb sth/doing sth 就某事向某人祝贺
6. 不在意,轻视
dig out
give out
burst out
judge...by/from...
on/upon
think little of
基础自主梳理
7. 向某人表达某人的谢意
8. 对……造成损害
9. 困在……中;陷在……中
10.be frightened 害怕;对……感到恐惧
11.be shocked 对……吃惊
12. (=bury oneself in) 埋头于;专心于;沉浸于
13.be proud 为……而自豪;引以为荣
be trapped in
at/of
at/by
be buried in
of
基础自主梳理
express one's thanks to sb
do/cause damage to
【介词短语及其他型】
14. 照例;像往常一样
15. 结束;终结
16. 严重受损;破败不堪
17. 立刻;马上
18. 许多;大量的
19. 仿佛;好像
20. 数以万计的
in ruins
at once/right away
a (great)number of
as if
tens of thousands of
基础自主梳理
as usual
at an end
佳句再现
A. 核心语法考点句
1.The army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead.
2.It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometres away.
3.Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.
who
which
whose
基础自主梳理
4.This frightened boy mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
5. you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
6.The number of people were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
whose
As
who
基础自主梳理
7.The man (sleep) downstairs when the earthquake happened.
8.All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes (go).
was sleeping
were gone
基础自主梳理
B.经典写作背诵句
1.“too+adj.+to…”表示否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs
.
农家庭院里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
2. all/both/every…not 表示部分否定,意为“并非所有的/两者/每一……都……”
.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
were too nervous to eat
All hope was not lost
基础自主梳理
3. as if =as though引导状语从句,意为“仿佛;好像”
the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日!
4. all of whom引导定语从句,相当于 and all of them
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,
it was the best one this year.
五位评委听了你的演讲,他们一致认为这是今年最好的演讲。
It seemed as if
all of whom agreed that
基础自主梳理
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 构词记忆 名词后缀-tion,表示“行为,过程,结果”
①congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词
②imagine vt.想象→imagination n.想象
③determine vt.决定→determination n.决定
④recognize vt.认出→recognition n.承认
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 规律记忆 “the+adj./v.-ing/v.-ed”,表示“一类人”
the+v.-ing/v.-ed
①the injured伤员 ②the killed 被杀者
③the aged 老年人 ④the living 活着的人
the+adj.
①the rich富人 ②the blind 盲人
③the sick 病人 ④the old老年人
（续表）
burst vi.(burst, burst)(to explode;to break open or fly apart suddenly or violently)(使)破裂;爆发;突然出现 n.[C](a sudden outbreak or outburst; an explosion)突然破裂;迸发;爆发
(1)burst into tears/laughter(=burst out crying/laughing)
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst into flames/leaves 突然着火/发芽
burst with anger/joy/curiosity 勃然大怒/乐不可支/好奇
(2)a burst of speed/applause/laughter突然的加速/一阵掌声/一阵大笑
考点互动探究
单词点睛
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The weather turned warm unexpectedly, making the trees burst
leaves.
②He is always bursting curiosity in anything and wants to make an attempt at it.
③As he walked into the classroom with that funny-looking hat, everyone burst out (laugh).
into
with
考点互动探究
laughing
(2)Smoke started pouring out from underneath, and then the truck
.
烟开始从下面冒了出来,接着卡车就突然着火了。
(3) laughter made him straighten himself and look round. 一阵大笑使得他挺直了身体,然后环顾四周。
(4)素养金句
She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen.
她突然大哭起来,从厨房跑了出来。
burst into flames
A burst of
考点互动探究
ruin vt. (to destroy completely)(使)毁灭;(使)破产 n. (the remains of something destroyed)(常用复数)废墟;遗迹;毁灭
(1)in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
fall into ruin 衰落,败落;毁坏
(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/holiday 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/假期
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Shortly after suffering from a terrible earthquake and being reduced to (ruin),the city took on a new look.
②Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs in the past few years.
③It has rained for two weeks on end,completely (ruin) our holiday.
ruinsce
has been ruined
ruining
考点互动探究
(2)The strong earthquake left the city merely in several seconds. 强烈的地震仅在几秒的时间里就使这座城市成了废墟。
(3)Its once-great cities , leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. (新教材,外研版选择性必修第四册)
它曾经辉煌的城市都变成了废墟,留下了各种各样的谜团等待后人去解决。
(4)素养金句
Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen into ruin.经历了两次世界大战,那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
in ruins
fell into ruin
考点互动探究
shock n.(the feeling of surprise when something unpleasant happens accidentally)打击;震惊 vt. & vi.(使)震惊;(使)惊愕;(使)触电;震动
(1)a (great) shock to… 让……(大为)震惊
culture shock 文化冲击/休克
(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的;感到惊讶的
be shocked by/at 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人惊讶的
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] shock用作名词时, 与不定冠词连用表示“令人震惊的事”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It came as shock that a fire broke out in the hotel yesterday, killing at least five people.
②There are few crimes more truly (shock)than the murder or abuse of children.
③ (shock) by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote.
a
shocking
Shocked
考点互动探究
(2)When questioned, he (太震惊了以至于不能) give an account of what had happened when the attack took place.
(3)素养金句
He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked face.
他对这令人震撼的消息感到震惊,因为我能看见他吃惊的表情。
was too shocked to
考点互动探究
trap vt.(trapped, trapped)使陷入困境;设陷阱捕捉 n.陷阱;困境;捕捉器
(1)be trapped in 困在……中;陷在……中
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into a trap (=be caught in a trap) 掉入陷阱;落入圈套
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be trapped giving away important information.
②It's a wonder that the worker (trap) underground for a week was found alive.
into
trapped
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
After they had been trapped in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.
→The miners, in the mine for two days, were finally rescued.(用定语从句改写)
→ in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.(用分词改写)
who had been trapped
Having been trapped
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Some travellers are still trapped in the heavy snow, though most are reported to have been rescued by the police.
虽然据报道大部分游客已被警方救出,但是仍有一些游客被困在大雪中。
考点互动探究
bury vt.(buried, buried, burying)埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
bury oneself in (doing) sth =be buried in (doing) sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 某人双手掩面
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (bury) herself in the book.
②Children lost in the woods (bury) in leaves.
③He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
burying
were buried
buried
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
My father was buried in (=was burying himself in) a book and he didn't notice me walk into the room.
→ , my father didn't notice me walk into the room.(用分词改写)
(3)素养金句
I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
Buried in/Burying himself in a book
考点互动探究
judge n.法官;裁判员 vt. & vi.判决;判断;断定
(1)judge+sb/sth+from/by 以……来判断……
(2)judging from/by… 根据……来判断
(3)judgement n. 判断,审判;判断力
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] judging from/by…置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制,构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有:generally speaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;considering…考虑到……。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It proved difficult to come to make a (judge)about how well the school was performing.
②You have no right (judge) other people.
③As students differ from each other in many aspects, they should never (judge) by their scores.
judgement
to judge
be judged
考点互动探究
(2) , I think it is very unlikely that he will be able to support your application.
从他说的话来看,我认为他不太可能会支持你的申请。
(3)素养金句
So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.
到目前为止,他的工作看起来干得还不错,但现在下结论还为时过早。
Judging by/from what he said
考点互动探究
at an end 结束;终结
(1)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth(=bring sth to an end)
结束某事
考点互动探究
短语储存
(2)in the end 最后;终于
at the end of… 在……的末端; 在……结束时
by the end of… 到……为止(常与完成时连用)
(3)end up with sth 以……结束
end up doing sth 以做某事结束
(4)make ends meet 使收支相抵
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①By the end of this week, I (finish) most of the work.
②His newly written novel (translate) into English by the end of last month.
will have finished
had been translated
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
The new highway took most of the traffic from the old road and put an end to Mr Hanson's motel business.
→The new highway took most of the traffic from the old road and .(用end的短语改写)
brought Mr Hanson's motel business to an end
考点互动探究
(3)用end相关短语的适当形式填空
①I must warn you that my patience is almost (耗尽,
结束).
②We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but________________
(最终)we went to Austria.
③After an hour, the discussion _______________________________________
(结束) and everyone seemed relaxed.
at an end
in the end
came to an end/was at an end
考点互动探究
④We were going to go out, but (结果) staying at home.
(4)素养金句
The meeting was nearly at an end (=nearly came to an end) when I got to the meeting room.
当我到达会议室时,会议差不多要结束了。
考点互动探究
ended up
a (great) number of 许多的;大量的
考点互动探究
修饰可数名词 复数 a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,quite a few,dozens of,scores of
修饰不可数名词 a good/great deal of,a large amount of
修饰可数或不可数名词 a lot of,lots of,a large quantity of,large quantities of,plenty of
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] “a number of+n.(pl.)”作主语,谓语动词用复数,表示“许多……;大量……”。
“the number of+n.(pl.)”作主语,谓语动词用单数,表示“……的数目”。如果形容数量的“多少”,要用large,small或high,low,不用many,few。
【活学活用】
单句填空
①After we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees
(save).
②The number of seven-year-olds who read poorly__________________
(increase) by half over the past five years.
③The number of people invited to the party (be) fifty,but a number of them (be) absent for different reasons.
have been saved
has increased
was
考点互动探究
were
In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家庭院里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
句型公式
too+adj./adv.+to do sth结构
考点互动探究
句型透视
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
此句运用了“too+adj./adv. (for sb)+to do sth”结构,表示否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”,但当“too…to…”用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等时,不定式则表示肯定意义。
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] (1)can't/can never be too+adj.…=can't/can never be+adj.+enough…再怎么……也不过分。如:You can never be too careful while riding in the street.在街上骑车,你越小心越好。
(2)“only/but too+adj.+to do sth”结构,表示肯定意义。如:He is only too pleased to receive her invitation.他非常高兴能收到她的请柬。
【活学活用】
(1)One can never be too careful (=can never be careful ) when doing such an experiment.
人在做这样的实验时越仔细越好。
(2)When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our back, .
当比赛最后结束时,我们俩平躺在地上,累得无法动弹。
enough
too tired to move
考点互动探究
(3)句式转换
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The maths problem is .
(用状语从句)
(4)翻译句子
They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
so difficult that I can't work it out
他们看起来过于紧张不安,并且急于离开。
考点互动探究
It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日!
句型公式
as though/if…似乎,好像……
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
as if既可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:
考点互动探究
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were,非正式文体里也可用was)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might do”结构
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water,it looks as if it
(break).
②Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as if he
(learn) English for many years.
were broken
had learnt
考点互动探究
③Li Ming is fond of Miss Li because Miss Li treats him as if he
(be) her own child.
(2)素养金句
Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain. Let's hurry up.
看看天上的云!看起来要下雨,咱们快一点儿。(陈述语气)
考点互动探究
were
All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
句型公式
all…not=not all… 并非都……(部分否定)
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
(1)当not与all,both,everyone,everything,everywhere等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”;
(2)当not与any,anyone,anywhere,anything连用或出现no,nothing, nobody,nowhere,none时是完全否定。
【活学活用】
(1)句式转换
①We have to admit that all students cannot be admitted into a famous university.
→We have to admit that ____________________________________________
__________a famous university.(用部分否定改写)
②I love running, but not everybody is born to be a runner.
→I love running, but to be a runner.(用部分否定改写)
not all students can be admitted
into
everybody is not born
考点互动探究
(2)素养金句
Not all the efforts will be harvested, but all the harvest must be paid. 不是所有的付出都会有收获,但所有的收获都必须有付出。
考点互动探究
不规则动词及易错动词变形练
1.The dog (bite) him and made his hand bleed.
2.One of his arms (bite) off by an alligator last year.
3.A truck went by and (blow) its horn at her.
4.He had his chance of success (blow) because of carelessness.
5.The car (break) down after an hour's driving.
6.The gate was wide open when he got home—someone must
(break) into his house.
bit
was bitten
blew
语言素养提升
blown
broke
have broken
熟词生义练
【典题示例】 And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius. [2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解D]
(这种情况)我们看的越多,就越会发现像性别、种族、阶层等社会因素是不会影响天才的出现的。
[分析] determine 常表示“决定,决心(to decide definitely to do sth)”之意。此处意为“支配,影响(to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type)”。
语言素养提升
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义。
1. bill
①If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
②When a bill is passed in Parliament it becomes law.
③He has been billed for not parking in the right place.
账单
法案,议案
语言素养提升
给……开账单
2. beat
①Our team was easily/soundly beaten in the first round of the competition.
②Making reservations for a room at a hotel beats waiting in line.
③Let's try to beat the traffic by leaving early in the morning.
击败
好于,优于
避免
语言素养提升
3. burst
①The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.
②Tom was bursting to tell everyone the news that he passed the driving test.
突然爆发
迫切想(做某事)
语言素养提升
4. blue
①Police are looking for a small blue car with the registration number K17 EMW.
②She's been a bit blue since her husband left her last month.
蓝色的
忧郁的;悲伤的
语言素养提升
5. badly
①It's hard to believe that he could treat his own family so badly.
②The house was considerably out of repair and badly in need of painting.
(待人)恶劣地
非常, 很
语言素养提升
基础检测
Ⅰ单句填空
1.My uncle, _________ house was burnt down last night, will come to live with us.
whose
2.Hearing the ______________ story, the little boy had a _____________ expression on his face.(frighten)
frightening
frightened
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3.Mr Richard hasn't got any time to play golf these days, because he ____________ (bury) in the research of bird language.
is buried
4.We should avoid making unfair _______________ (judge) of others' characters.
judg(e)ment
5.The women __________ (injure) in the accident should be given first aid.
injured
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6.On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she burst into ___________ (laugh).
laughter
7.He paced up and down in the drawing room, ____________ (extreme) concerned about the result of the interview.
extremely
8.A few minutes later the bomb went off, _____________ (destroy) the vehicle.
destroying
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Ⅱ短语检测
1.The houses across the street are __________ (成为废墟),but they were in good condition a few years ago.
in ruins
2.If you are at home and you smell gas, open a window and get out of the building _____________(立刻).
right away
3.______________ (从……判断) the amount of food eaten, everyone must have been very hungry.
Judging by
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4.She ____________ (发出) a cry as soon as she opened the box. All the money was gone!
gave out
5.She has gone to the library to __________ (挖掘) a few facts and figures for the report during the past week.
dig out
6.______________________ (许多) people are beginning to realize that wealth is not equal to happiness.
A great number of
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7.It had got very cold, and I guessed the good weather was _____________ (结束).
at an end
8.The teacher ___________________ (忽视) the matter because he considered it small potatoes.
thought little of
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Ⅲ句型训练
1.The fluorescent lamps in the hall shine brightly as if __________________________.
大厅里的荧光灯照得如同白昼。
it were in the daytime
2.The Smiths, _____________________________________ in the explosion, were given rooms by the government in the hotel.
史密斯家的房子在爆炸中被破坏了，政府为他们一家人在宾馆里安排了房间。
whose house had been destroyed
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3.When she heard the news that her father had died in the hospital, she ___________________________________.
当她听到她父亲在医院去世的消息时,她突然放声大哭起来。
burst into tears/burst out crying
4.I __________________________ it was several minutes before I was aware of what was happening in the sitting room.
我害怕极了，以至于好几分钟之后才意识到客厅里发生了什么。
was so frightened that
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5.Nancy failed in her English exam because she __________________________________ the vocabularies she had studied.(too…to…)
南希英语考试没有及格，因为她太紧张了以至于记不起背过的单词。
was too nervous to remember
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Ⅳ课文语法填空
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at 1._____ end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the 2.___________(great) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3._________is more than two hundred kilometres away. One third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide 4.______(cut) across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
an
greatest
which
cut
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 5._______ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two 6.___________ (three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many 7._____________ (child) were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or
8. ______________(serious) injured reached more than 400,000.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams 9.____________(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes
10. ___________________________(destroy).
in
thirds
children
seriously
to dig
had been destroyed
素养提升
Ⅰ阅读理解
[2021·甘肃兰州高三诊断考试] A
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike，researchers have discovered. Their behaviour changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
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Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15，000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
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Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity，Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants' behaviour changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级)2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period， and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
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According to Berberich， normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake， the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behaviour continued till a day after the earthquake，Berberich told a news conference， according to Live Science.
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How do ants know an earthquake is coming Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic fields (磁场).“Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
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( @33@ )1.What's the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1
A.Form. B.Avoid. C.Recover. D.Improve.
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场变化的细胞。
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Their behaviour changes…only a day after it.”和第四段第三句“This strange and abnormal behaviour…after the earthquake…”可知，resume的含义与“恢复”有关，故选C项。
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( @35@ )2.What's the function of the first paragraph
A.To lead to the main topic.
B.To describe a new species of ant.
C.To introduce a famous researcher.
D.To tell how to predict an earthquake.
A
[解析] 推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段第一至二句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则介绍了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题，故选A。
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( @37@ )3.What happens to the ants before an earthquake
A.They have no appetite.
B.They are too excited to rest.
C.They get lost on their way home.
D.They refuse to go inside their nests.
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But before an earthquake， the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴，故选D项。
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( @39@ )4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B.The result of the research is completely reliable.
C.Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D.Researchers don't know how ants predict earthquakes.
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化，故选C项。
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[2021·湖南衡阳第八中学高三考前预测] B
Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming. Significant warming of the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes in geological activity, they say. Suggestions that climate change predicted for coming decades could bring similar changes remain speculative(猜测性的), but the scientists say there is enough evidence to take the threat seriously. Some experts have already linked current levels of global warming to landslides in mountain regions.
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Richard Betts, a researcher at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said, “This is a new interesting academic arena. It was previously assumed there was no link between climate change and geological events, but it is possible to speculate that climate change might make some more likely. If we do get large amounts of climate change in the long term, then we might see some impacts.”
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Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth's surface. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels shift the distribution of huge amounts of water,which release and increase pressures through the ground. These pressure changes could make geological shifts more likely. Research from Germany suggests that the Earth's surface can sometimes be so close that tiny changes in its pressure can trigger quakes.
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Writing in a special series of scientific papers on the topic published by the Royal Society, Bill MecGuire, head of the Benfield Hazard Research Centre at University College London, says, “In relation to man-made climate change, modeling studies and speculation of current trends point towards increased risk in relation to a range of geological hazards in a warmer world, while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界).”
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( @41@ )5.According to the passage, which aspect probably result(s) in geological activity
A.Global temperatures. B.Human activities.
C.Water levels. D.Global warming.
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能影响地质活动风险。
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Significant warming of the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes in geological activity, they say.”可知，全球变暖可能导致地质活动。故选D项。
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( @43@ )6.What's the idea of Richard Betts？
A.Research in global warming features something new and interesting.
B.The impacts of climate change in the long term are invisible.
C.Climate change is bound to trigger geological events.
D.Geological events are not related to climate change.
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“…'This is a new interesting academic arena.'”可知，Richard Betts认为关于全球变暖的研究有一些新的有趣的特点。故选A项。
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( @45@ )7.How could geological risks be affected
A.By making the distribution of waters equal.
B.By causing the surface covered by sea water.
C.By changing the pressure of the Earth's surface.
D.By leading to the occurrence of extreme weather.
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of…changes could make geological shifts more likely.”可知，改变地球表面的压力会影响地质风险。故选C项。
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( @47@ )8.What is the best title for the passage？
A.One well-known assumption
B.Speculation about global warming
C.An inspiring scientific discovery
D.A possible element in geological risks
D
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming.”，第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth's surface.”以及最后一段中“…while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界).”可知，本文主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能影响地质活动风险，因此选项D “地质风险中的一个可能因素”符合题意。故选D项。
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Ⅱ语法填空[2021·甘肃兰州高三诊断]
A mirror of Chinese culture
What comes to mind when you think of kung fu If your mind 1.__________(fill) with images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, jaw-dropping stunts or Kung Fu Panda, you wouldn't be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary film-maker, the first thing 2._______springs to mind is the concept of non-violence.
is filled
that
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“Kung fu, in my eyes, is a mirror of Chinese culture，” Brahm said. “The traditional 3._________(value) of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people.”
“China adopts a policy of not wanting 4.___________(have) conflict with other countries. Why does China want to be in harmony 5._______ other nations It's part of the psychology of the Chinese people. It's also 6.___________(nation) psychology.”
values
to have
with
national
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Brahm also believes that today's world 7.___________(urgent) needs to restart equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见)， and that culture and sports, such as kung fu, can serve as 8.____ great channel and platform.
urgently
a
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“In the same way, ping-pong as a cultural and sports exchange 9.__________(open) relations for China with the West in the 1970s； kung fu can become the new cultural diplomacy (外交)of our time, 10.___________(bring) people together in mutual sharing of skills and culture, and furthering respect and understanding.”
opened
bringing
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is filled
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 Laurence J. Brahm眼中的中国功夫。Brahm认为中国功夫是中国文化的一面镜子。
1.__________
[解析] 考查动词的时态和语态。文章的主体时态是一般现在时。 mind和fill之间是被动关系，这里用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is filled。
2._______
that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词被the first修饰,故关系词用that。
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3._________
values
[解析] 考查名词复数。根据谓语动词are可知，空处应该是复数形式，故填values。
4.___________
to have
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth “想要做某事”，为固定用法，故填to have。
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5._______
with
[解析] 考查介词。be in harmony with…为固定搭配，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
6.___________
national
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词psychology,应用形容词。故填 national。
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7.___________
urgently
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰后面的动词needs,应用副词。故填 urgently。
8.____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。空后的channel and platform是可数名词单数，表示泛指,应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
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9.__________
opened
[解析] 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the 1970s可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填 opened。
10.___________
bringing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语can become,空处应填非谓语动词，bring和其逻辑主语kung fu是主动关系，故填 bringing。
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Ⅲ短文改错[2021·江西南昌高三一模]
Virtues are jewel of great price. I find honesty is A most valuable virtue in my heart. And it is always accompany my growth.
As a child, I was constantly told the story naming “The Wolf Is Coming”, which obviously has a lasting influence. Over time, I've increasing realized the importance of honesty and try to carry it out. Only then I'm honest and reliable, will I be trusted with others.
Actually, being honest, I've found it more easier to make friends. The virtue of honesty will help me open the door to success of our career and life.
[答案] Virtues are
As a child, I was constantly told the story
Actually, being honest, I've found it
Unit 4 Earthquakes
假设你是李华,是学校广播站的英语播音员。为提高大家的防震意识,你校将举办一次地震演练。请你根据所提供的信息,用英语写一篇广播稿。内容包括:
1.地震演练时间;
2.地震演练参加人员;
3.地震演练要求。
佳作晨读赏析
精彩美文
Dear boys and girls,
Attention, please!
An earthquake drill is to be held from 10:00 am to 11:00 am next Tuesday. All the students are required to take part in the drill. Class meetings should be held first to give the students some instructions on what to do when an earthquake occurs. It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape
佳作晨读赏析
routes. On hearing the signal, students should escape immediately under the guidance of the class teacher. All the students are to gather on the playground. Two student volunteers should be chosen from each class to keep order during the drill.
That's all. Thank you.
佳作晨读赏析
名师点睛
1.文章体裁:应用文——广播稿。
2.行文逻辑:演练时间→全体学生参加→演练要求与过程。
3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: be required to (被要求), bear in mind (牢记), under the guidance of (在……指引下), keep order(维持纪律)等。
佳作晨读赏析
4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①不定式被动形式:to be held;②时间状语从句:when an earthquake occurs; ③it形式主语:It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape routes;④现在分词作状语:On hearing the signal;⑤be to do表将来:All the students are to gather on the playground等。
佳作晨读赏析
单词荟萃
【基础词汇】
1. n. 地震
2. n. 事件;大事
3. n. 废墟;毁灭 vt. 毁灭;使破产
4. n.苦难;痛苦
5. n. 轨道;足迹;痕迹
6. n. & vt. 援救;营救
earthquake
event
ruin
suffering
track
rescue
基础自主梳理
7. n. 灾难;灾祸
8. n. 掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处
9. n.损害;损失vt. 损害,毁坏
10. n.报刊的大字标题
11. n. 要点;大纲;轮廓
12. vt. 破坏;毁坏;消灭
13. vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱;困境
14. vt. 埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
15. adv. 真诚地;真挚地
headline
damage
trap
outline
destroy
基础自主梳理
disaster
shelter
sincerely
bury
【拓展词汇】
16. vi. 破裂,爆发→burst (过去式) →burst(过去分词)
17. n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的;民族的→nationality n.国籍
18. adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
19. vt.损害;伤害→injury n.损害;伤害→injured adj.受伤的
20. n.幸存者;生还者;残存物→survive v.幸存;生还→survival n.生存;存活
injure
extreme
survivor
基础自主梳理
burst
nation
21. adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful adj.有用的,有益的;有帮助的
22. vt. & vi.(使)震惊;震动→shocking adj.令人震惊的
→shocked adj.震惊的
23. n.污垢;泥土→dirty adj.脏的;弄脏的
24. n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.电的;用电的→electrical adj.发电的
25. n.矿;矿山→miner n.矿工
useless
shock
dirt
electricity
基础自主梳理
mine
26. vt.使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
27. n.祝贺;(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
28. n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断;评价
29. vt.表示;表达 n.快车;速递→expression n.表达,表示;词语
30. n.骑自行车的人→cycle vt.骑自行车
frighten
congratulation
judge
express
基础自主梳理
cyclist
短语检测
【动词及系表结构型】
1. 掘出;发现
2. 分发;发出
3. 突然迸发;爆发
4. 通过……判断……
5.congratulate sb sth/doing sth 就某事向某人祝贺
6. 不在意,轻视
dig out
give out
burst out
judge...by/from...
on/upon
think little of
基础自主梳理
7. 向某人表达某人的谢意
8. 对……造成损害
9. 困在……中;陷在……中
10.be frightened 害怕;对……感到恐惧
11.be shocked 对……吃惊
12. (=bury oneself in) 埋头于;专心于;沉浸于
13.be proud 为……而自豪;引以为荣
be trapped in
at/of
at/by
be buried in
of
基础自主梳理
express one's thanks to sb
do/cause damage to
【介词短语及其他型】
14. 照例;像往常一样
15. 结束;终结
16. 严重受损;破败不堪
17. 立刻;马上
18. 许多;大量的
19. 仿佛;好像
20. 数以万计的
in ruins
at once/right away
a (great)number of
as if
tens of thousands of
基础自主梳理
as usual
at an end
佳句再现
A. 核心语法考点句
1.The army organized teams to dig out those were trapped and to bury the dead.
2.It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometres away.
3.Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.
who
which
whose
基础自主梳理
4.This frightened boy mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
5. you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-five years ago.
6.The number of people were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
whose
As
who
基础自主梳理
7.The man (sleep) downstairs when the earthquake happened.
8.All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes (go).
was sleeping
were gone
基础自主梳理
B.经典写作背诵句
1.“too+adj.+to…”表示否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs
.
农家庭院里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
2. all/both/every…not 表示部分否定,意为“并非所有的/两者/每一……都……”
.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
were too nervous to eat
All hope was not lost
基础自主梳理
3. as if =as though引导状语从句,意为“仿佛;好像”
the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日!
4. all of whom引导定语从句,相当于 and all of them
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,
it was the best one this year.
五位评委听了你的演讲,他们一致认为这是今年最好的演讲。
It seemed as if
all of whom agreed that
基础自主梳理
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 构词记忆 名词后缀-tion,表示“行为,过程,结果”
①congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺;(复数)贺词
②imagine vt.想象→imagination n.想象
③determine vt.决定→determination n.决定
④recognize vt.认出→recognition n.承认
基础自主梳理
【巧学助记】 规律记忆 “the+adj./v.-ing/v.-ed”,表示“一类人”
the+v.-ing/v.-ed
①the injured伤员 ②the killed 被杀者
③the aged 老年人 ④the living 活着的人
the+adj.
①the rich富人 ②the blind 盲人
③the sick 病人 ④the old老年人
（续表）
burst vi.(burst, burst)(to explode;to break open or fly apart suddenly or violently)(使)破裂;爆发;突然出现 n.[C](a sudden outbreak or outburst; an explosion)突然破裂;迸发;爆发
(1)burst into tears/laughter(=burst out crying/laughing)
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst into flames/leaves 突然着火/发芽
burst with anger/joy/curiosity 勃然大怒/乐不可支/好奇
(2)a burst of speed/applause/laughter突然的加速/一阵掌声/一阵大笑
考点互动探究
单词点睛
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The weather turned warm unexpectedly, making the trees burst
leaves.
②He is always bursting curiosity in anything and wants to make an attempt at it.
③As he walked into the classroom with that funny-looking hat, everyone burst out (laugh).
into
with
考点互动探究
laughing
(2)Smoke started pouring out from underneath, and then the truck
.
烟开始从下面冒了出来,接着卡车就突然着火了。
(3) laughter made him straighten himself and look round. 一阵大笑使得他挺直了身体,然后环顾四周。
(4)素养金句
She burst into tears and ran from the kitchen.
她突然大哭起来,从厨房跑了出来。
burst into flames
A burst of
考点互动探究
ruin vt. (to destroy completely)(使)毁灭;(使)破产 n. (the remains of something destroyed)(常用复数)废墟;遗迹;毁灭
(1)in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
fall into ruin 衰落,败落;毁坏
(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/holiday 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/假期
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Shortly after suffering from a terrible earthquake and being reduced to (ruin),the city took on a new look.
②Many a famous pop star (ruin) by drugs in the past few years.
③It has rained for two weeks on end,completely (ruin) our holiday.
ruinsce
has been ruined
ruining
考点互动探究
(2)The strong earthquake left the city merely in several seconds. 强烈的地震仅在几秒的时间里就使这座城市成了废墟。
(3)Its once-great cities , leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. (新教材,外研版选择性必修第四册)
它曾经辉煌的城市都变成了废墟,留下了各种各样的谜团等待后人去解决。
(4)素养金句
Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen into ruin.经历了两次世界大战,那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
in ruins
fell into ruin
考点互动探究
shock n.(the feeling of surprise when something unpleasant happens accidentally)打击;震惊 vt. & vi.(使)震惊;(使)惊愕;(使)触电;震动
(1)a (great) shock to… 让……(大为)震惊
culture shock 文化冲击/休克
(2)shocked adj. (主语多为人)感到吃惊的;感到惊讶的
be shocked by/at 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. (主语多为物)令人惊讶的
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] shock用作名词时, 与不定冠词连用表示“令人震惊的事”。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It came as shock that a fire broke out in the hotel yesterday, killing at least five people.
②There are few crimes more truly (shock)than the murder or abuse of children.
③ (shock) by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote.
a
shocking
Shocked
考点互动探究
(2)When questioned, he (太震惊了以至于不能) give an account of what had happened when the attack took place.
(3)素养金句
He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked face.
他对这令人震撼的消息感到震惊,因为我能看见他吃惊的表情。
was too shocked to
考点互动探究
trap vt.(trapped, trapped)使陷入困境;设陷阱捕捉 n.陷阱;困境;捕捉器
(1)be trapped in 困在……中;陷在……中
trap sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into a trap (=be caught in a trap) 掉入陷阱;落入圈套
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Think carefully before you answer his questions. You may be trapped giving away important information.
②It's a wonder that the worker (trap) underground for a week was found alive.
into
trapped
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
After they had been trapped in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.
→The miners, in the mine for two days, were finally rescued.(用定语从句改写)
→ in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.(用分词改写)
who had been trapped
Having been trapped
考点互动探究
(3)素养金句
Some travellers are still trapped in the heavy snow, though most are reported to have been rescued by the police.
虽然据报道大部分游客已被警方救出,但是仍有一些游客被困在大雪中。
考点互动探究
bury vt.(buried, buried, burying)埋葬;掩埋;隐藏
bury oneself in (doing) sth =be buried in (doing) sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 某人双手掩面
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (bury) herself in the book.
②Children lost in the woods (bury) in leaves.
③He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
burying
were buried
buried
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
My father was buried in (=was burying himself in) a book and he didn't notice me walk into the room.
→ , my father didn't notice me walk into the room.(用分词改写)
(3)素养金句
I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
Buried in/Burying himself in a book
考点互动探究
judge n.法官;裁判员 vt. & vi.判决;判断;断定
(1)judge+sb/sth+from/by 以……来判断……
(2)judging from/by… 根据……来判断
(3)judgement n. 判断,审判;判断力
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] judging from/by…置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制,构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有:generally speaking一般来说;frankly speaking坦白地说;considering…考虑到……。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It proved difficult to come to make a (judge)about how well the school was performing.
②You have no right (judge) other people.
③As students differ from each other in many aspects, they should never (judge) by their scores.
judgement
to judge
be judged
考点互动探究
(2) , I think it is very unlikely that he will be able to support your application.
从他说的话来看,我认为他不太可能会支持你的申请。
(3)素养金句
So far, he seems to be handling the job well, but it's really too soon to judge.
到目前为止,他的工作看起来干得还不错,但现在下结论还为时过早。
Judging by/from what he said
考点互动探究
at an end 结束;终结
(1)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth(=bring sth to an end)
结束某事
考点互动探究
短语储存
(2)in the end 最后;终于
at the end of… 在……的末端; 在……结束时
by the end of… 到……为止(常与完成时连用)
(3)end up with sth 以……结束
end up doing sth 以做某事结束
(4)make ends meet 使收支相抵
考点互动探究
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①By the end of this week, I (finish) most of the work.
②His newly written novel (translate) into English by the end of last month.
will have finished
had been translated
考点互动探究
(2)句式转换
The new highway took most of the traffic from the old road and put an end to Mr Hanson's motel business.
→The new highway took most of the traffic from the old road and .(用end的短语改写)
brought Mr Hanson's motel business to an end
考点互动探究
(3)用end相关短语的适当形式填空
①I must warn you that my patience is almost (耗尽,
结束).
②We were thinking about going to Switzerland, but________________
(最终)we went to Austria.
③After an hour, the discussion _______________________________________
(结束) and everyone seemed relaxed.
at an end
in the end
came to an end/was at an end
考点互动探究
④We were going to go out, but (结果) staying at home.
(4)素养金句
The meeting was nearly at an end (=nearly came to an end) when I got to the meeting room.
当我到达会议室时,会议差不多要结束了。
考点互动探究
ended up
a (great) number of 许多的;大量的
考点互动探究
修饰可数名词 复数 a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,quite a few,dozens of,scores of
修饰不可数名词 a good/great deal of,a large amount of
修饰可数或不可数名词 a lot of,lots of,a large quantity of,large quantities of,plenty of
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] “a number of+n.(pl.)”作主语,谓语动词用复数,表示“许多……;大量……”。
“the number of+n.(pl.)”作主语,谓语动词用单数,表示“……的数目”。如果形容数量的“多少”,要用large,small或high,low,不用many,few。
【活学活用】
单句填空
①After we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees
(save).
②The number of seven-year-olds who read poorly__________________
(increase) by half over the past five years.
③The number of people invited to the party (be) fifty,but a number of them (be) absent for different reasons.
have been saved
has increased
was
考点互动探究
were
In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家庭院里,鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
句型公式
too+adj./adv.+to do sth结构
考点互动探究
句型透视
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
此句运用了“too+adj./adv. (for sb)+to do sth”结构,表示否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”,但当“too…to…”用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等时,不定式则表示肯定意义。
考点互动探究
[温馨提示] (1)can't/can never be too+adj.…=can't/can never be+adj.+enough…再怎么……也不过分。如:You can never be too careful while riding in the street.在街上骑车,你越小心越好。
(2)“only/but too+adj.+to do sth”结构,表示肯定意义。如:He is only too pleased to receive her invitation.他非常高兴能收到她的请柬。
【活学活用】
(1)One can never be too careful (=can never be careful ) when doing such an experiment.
人在做这样的实验时越仔细越好。
(2)When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our back, .
当比赛最后结束时,我们俩平躺在地上,累得无法动弹。
enough
too tired to move
考点互动探究
(3)句式转换
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
→The maths problem is .
(用状语从句)
(4)翻译句子
They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
so difficult that I can't work it out
他们看起来过于紧张不安,并且急于离开。
考点互动探究
It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日!
句型公式
as though/if…似乎,好像……
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
as if既可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as if 从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:
考点互动探究
与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were,非正式文体里也可用was)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时(had+过去分词)
与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might do”结构
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water,it looks as if it
(break).
②Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as if he
(learn) English for many years.
were broken
had learnt
考点互动探究
③Li Ming is fond of Miss Li because Miss Li treats him as if he
(be) her own child.
(2)素养金句
Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it is going to rain. Let's hurry up.
看看天上的云!看起来要下雨,咱们快一点儿。(陈述语气)
考点互动探究
were
All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
句型公式
all…not=not all… 并非都……(部分否定)
考点互动探究
【句式点拨】
(1)当not与all,both,everyone,everything,everywhere等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”;
(2)当not与any,anyone,anywhere,anything连用或出现no,nothing, nobody,nowhere,none时是完全否定。
【活学活用】
(1)句式转换
①We have to admit that all students cannot be admitted into a famous university.
→We have to admit that ____________________________________________
__________a famous university.(用部分否定改写)
②I love running, but not everybody is born to be a runner.
→I love running, but to be a runner.(用部分否定改写)
not all students can be admitted
into
everybody is not born
考点互动探究
(2)素养金句
Not all the efforts will be harvested, but all the harvest must be paid. 不是所有的付出都会有收获,但所有的收获都必须有付出。
考点互动探究
不规则动词及易错动词变形练
1.The dog (bite) him and made his hand bleed.
2.One of his arms (bite) off by an alligator last year.
3.A truck went by and (blow) its horn at her.
4.He had his chance of success (blow) because of carelessness.
5.The car (break) down after an hour's driving.
6.The gate was wide open when he got home—someone must
(break) into his house.
bit
was bitten
blew
语言素养提升
blown
broke
have broken
熟词生义练
【典题示例】 And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius. [2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解D]
(这种情况)我们看的越多,就越会发现像性别、种族、阶层等社会因素是不会影响天才的出现的。
[分析] determine 常表示“决定,决心(to decide definitely to do sth)”之意。此处意为“支配,影响(to make sth happen in a particular way or be of a particular type)”。
语言素养提升
指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义。
1. bill
①If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off.
②When a bill is passed in Parliament it becomes law.
③He has been billed for not parking in the right place.
账单
法案,议案
语言素养提升
给……开账单
2. beat
①Our team was easily/soundly beaten in the first round of the competition.
②Making reservations for a room at a hotel beats waiting in line.
③Let's try to beat the traffic by leaving early in the morning.
击败
好于,优于
避免
语言素养提升
3. burst
①The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.
②Tom was bursting to tell everyone the news that he passed the driving test.
突然爆发
迫切想(做某事)
语言素养提升
4. blue
①Police are looking for a small blue car with the registration number K17 EMW.
②She's been a bit blue since her husband left her last month.
蓝色的
忧郁的;悲伤的
语言素养提升
5. badly
①It's hard to believe that he could treat his own family so badly.
②The house was considerably out of repair and badly in need of painting.
(待人)恶劣地
非常, 很
语言素养提升
基础检测
Ⅰ单句填空
1.My uncle, _________ house was burnt down last night, will come to live with us.
whose
2.Hearing the ______________ story, the little boy had a _____________ expression on his face.(frighten)
frightening
frightened
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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3.Mr Richard hasn't got any time to play golf these days, because he ____________ (bury) in the research of bird language.
is buried
4.We should avoid making unfair _______________ (judge) of others' characters.
judg(e)ment
5.The women __________ (injure) in the accident should be given first aid.
injured
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6.On hearing the news that her son had won the game, she burst into ___________ (laugh).
laughter
7.He paced up and down in the drawing room, ____________ (extreme) concerned about the result of the interview.
extremely
8.A few minutes later the bomb went off, _____________ (destroy) the vehicle.
destroying
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Ⅱ短语检测
1.The houses across the street are __________ (成为废墟),but they were in good condition a few years ago.
in ruins
2.If you are at home and you smell gas, open a window and get out of the building _____________(立刻).
right away
3.______________ (从……判断) the amount of food eaten, everyone must have been very hungry.
Judging by
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4.She ____________ (发出) a cry as soon as she opened the box. All the money was gone!
gave out
5.She has gone to the library to __________ (挖掘) a few facts and figures for the report during the past week.
dig out
6.______________________ (许多) people are beginning to realize that wealth is not equal to happiness.
A great number of
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7.It had got very cold, and I guessed the good weather was _____________ (结束).
at an end
8.The teacher ___________________ (忽视) the matter because he considered it small potatoes.
thought little of
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Ⅲ句型训练
1.The fluorescent lamps in the hall shine brightly as if __________________________.
大厅里的荧光灯照得如同白昼。
it were in the daytime
2.The Smiths, _____________________________________ in the explosion, were given rooms by the government in the hotel.
史密斯家的房子在爆炸中被破坏了，政府为他们一家人在宾馆里安排了房间。
whose house had been destroyed
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3.When she heard the news that her father had died in the hospital, she ___________________________________.
当她听到她父亲在医院去世的消息时,她突然放声大哭起来。
burst into tears/burst out crying
4.I __________________________ it was several minutes before I was aware of what was happening in the sitting room.
我害怕极了，以至于好几分钟之后才意识到客厅里发生了什么。
was so frightened that
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5.Nancy failed in her English exam because she __________________________________ the vocabularies she had studied.(too…to…)
南希英语考试没有及格，因为她太紧张了以至于记不起背过的单词。
was too nervous to remember
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Ⅳ课文语法填空
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at 1._____ end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the 2.___________(great) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3._________is more than two hundred kilometres away. One third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide 4.______(cut) across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.
an
greatest
which
cut
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay 5._______ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two 6.___________ (three) of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many 7._____________ (child) were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or
8. ______________(serious) injured reached more than 400,000.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams 9.____________(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes
10. ___________________________(destroy).
in
thirds
children
seriously
to dig
had been destroyed
素养提升
Ⅰ阅读理解
[2021·甘肃兰州高三诊断考试] A
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike，researchers have discovered. Their behaviour changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
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Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15，000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
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Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity，Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants' behaviour changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级)2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period， and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
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According to Berberich， normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake， the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behaviour continued till a day after the earthquake，Berberich told a news conference， according to Live Science.
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How do ants know an earthquake is coming Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic fields (磁场).“Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
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( @33@ )1.What's the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1
A.Form. B.Avoid. C.Recover. D.Improve.
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场变化的细胞。
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Their behaviour changes…only a day after it.”和第四段第三句“This strange and abnormal behaviour…after the earthquake…”可知，resume的含义与“恢复”有关，故选C项。
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( @35@ )2.What's the function of the first paragraph
A.To lead to the main topic.
B.To describe a new species of ant.
C.To introduce a famous researcher.
D.To tell how to predict an earthquake.
A
[解析] 推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段第一至二句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则介绍了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题，故选A。
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( @37@ )3.What happens to the ants before an earthquake
A.They have no appetite.
B.They are too excited to rest.
C.They get lost on their way home.
D.They refuse to go inside their nests.
D
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But before an earthquake， the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴，故选D项。
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( @39@ )4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B.The result of the research is completely reliable.
C.Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D.Researchers don't know how ants predict earthquakes.
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化，故选C项。
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[2021·湖南衡阳第八中学高三考前预测] B
Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming. Significant warming of the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes in geological activity, they say. Suggestions that climate change predicted for coming decades could bring similar changes remain speculative(猜测性的), but the scientists say there is enough evidence to take the threat seriously. Some experts have already linked current levels of global warming to landslides in mountain regions.
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Richard Betts, a researcher at the Met Office Hadley Centre, said, “This is a new interesting academic arena. It was previously assumed there was no link between climate change and geological events, but it is possible to speculate that climate change might make some more likely. If we do get large amounts of climate change in the long term, then we might see some impacts.”
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Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth's surface. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels shift the distribution of huge amounts of water,which release and increase pressures through the ground. These pressure changes could make geological shifts more likely. Research from Germany suggests that the Earth's surface can sometimes be so close that tiny changes in its pressure can trigger quakes.
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Writing in a special series of scientific papers on the topic published by the Royal Society, Bill MecGuire, head of the Benfield Hazard Research Centre at University College London, says, “In relation to man-made climate change, modeling studies and speculation of current trends point towards increased risk in relation to a range of geological hazards in a warmer world, while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界).”
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( @41@ )5.According to the passage, which aspect probably result(s) in geological activity
A.Global temperatures. B.Human activities.
C.Water levels. D.Global warming.
D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能影响地质活动风险。
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Significant warming of the atmosphere in the distant past can be linked to changes in geological activity, they say.”可知，全球变暖可能导致地质活动。故选D项。
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( @43@ )6.What's the idea of Richard Betts？
A.Research in global warming features something new and interesting.
B.The impacts of climate change in the long term are invisible.
C.Climate change is bound to trigger geological events.
D.Geological events are not related to climate change.
A
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“…'This is a new interesting academic arena.'”可知，Richard Betts认为关于全球变暖的研究有一些新的有趣的特点。故选A项。
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( @45@ )7.How could geological risks be affected
A.By making the distribution of waters equal.
B.By causing the surface covered by sea water.
C.By changing the pressure of the Earth's surface.
D.By leading to the occurrence of extreme weather.
C
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of…changes could make geological shifts more likely.”可知，改变地球表面的压力会影响地质风险。故选C项。
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( @47@ )8.What is the best title for the passage？
A.One well-known assumption
B.Speculation about global warming
C.An inspiring scientific discovery
D.A possible element in geological risks
D
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[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientists called for wide-ranging research into whether more volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and landslides could be triggered by rising global temperatures under global warming.”，第三段中“Experts say global warming could affect geological risks because of the way it can move large amounts of mass around on the Earth's surface.”以及最后一段中“…while observations suggest that ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be resulting in a risky response from the geosphere(陆界).”可知，本文主要介绍了专家认为全球变暖可能影响地质活动风险，因此选项D “地质风险中的一个可能因素”符合题意。故选D项。
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Ⅱ语法填空[2021·甘肃兰州高三诊断]
A mirror of Chinese culture
What comes to mind when you think of kung fu If your mind 1.__________(fill) with images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, jaw-dropping stunts or Kung Fu Panda, you wouldn't be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary film-maker, the first thing 2._______springs to mind is the concept of non-violence.
is filled
that
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“Kung fu, in my eyes, is a mirror of Chinese culture，” Brahm said. “The traditional 3._________(value) of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people.”
“China adopts a policy of not wanting 4.___________(have) conflict with other countries. Why does China want to be in harmony 5._______ other nations It's part of the psychology of the Chinese people. It's also 6.___________(nation) psychology.”
values
to have
with
national
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Brahm also believes that today's world 7.___________(urgent) needs to restart equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见)， and that culture and sports, such as kung fu, can serve as 8.____ great channel and platform.
urgently
a
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“In the same way, ping-pong as a cultural and sports exchange 9.__________(open) relations for China with the West in the 1970s； kung fu can become the new cultural diplomacy (外交)of our time, 10.___________(bring) people together in mutual sharing of skills and culture, and furthering respect and understanding.”
opened
bringing
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is filled
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 Laurence J. Brahm眼中的中国功夫。Brahm认为中国功夫是中国文化的一面镜子。
1.__________
[解析] 考查动词的时态和语态。文章的主体时态是一般现在时。 mind和fill之间是被动关系，这里用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is filled。
2._______
that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词被the first修饰,故关系词用that。
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values
[解析] 考查名词复数。根据谓语动词are可知，空处应该是复数形式，故填values。
4.___________
to have
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth “想要做某事”，为固定用法，故填to have。
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with
[解析] 考查介词。be in harmony with…为固定搭配，意为“与……和谐相处”。故填with。
6.___________
national
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词psychology,应用形容词。故填 national。
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urgently
[解析] 考查副词。空处修饰后面的动词needs,应用副词。故填 urgently。
8.____
a
[解析] 考查冠词。空后的channel and platform是可数名词单数，表示泛指,应用不定冠词，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
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9.__________
opened
[解析] 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the 1970s可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填 opened。
10.___________
bringing
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语can become,空处应填非谓语动词，bring和其逻辑主语kung fu是主动关系，故填 bringing。
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Ⅲ短文改错[2021·江西南昌高三一模]
Virtues are jewel of great price. I find honesty is A most valuable virtue in my heart. And it is always accompany my growth.
As a child, I was constantly told the story naming “The Wolf Is Coming”, which obviously has a lasting influence. Over time, I've increasing realized the importance of honesty and try to carry it out. Only then I'm honest and reliable, will I be trusted with others.
Actually, being honest, I've found it more easier to make friends. The virtue of honesty will help me open the door to success of our career and life.
[答案] Virtues are
As a child, I was constantly told the story
Actually, being honest, I've found it