2023届高考英语复习：英语句子成分&五个基本句型简单句课件 （32张）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语复习：英语句子成分&五个基本句型简单句课件 （32张） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 460.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-22 19:08:41 | ||
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(共32张PPT)
句子成分分析
及基本句型
句子成分
定义 ：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
01
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语: 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。
如： He reached Paris .
不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如: Look! She is singing.
Look at me carefully!
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
（句子）
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词 ）
( 代词）
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
（不定式）
（动名词）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词）
例如： He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay
例如： He always kept silent at the meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,
例如： He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste
例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn,
fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that.
自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表
达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如：
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
定语后置
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
（七）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
（八）同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.
He himself will do the experiment.
He is the oldest among them four.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
五个基本句型
句型种类 主语 谓语部分
谓语动词 表语 宾语 宾补
S + Vi. 主语+不及物动词 Birds fly.
S + Vi. + O 主语+及物动词+宾语 He plays the piano.
S + V. + P 主语+系动词+表语 We are (系动词） friends.
S + Vt. + IO + DO 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I gave
S + Vt. + O + C 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Tom made me cry.
him a pen.
间宾
直宾
1. 主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)
主语 不及物动词
The first book came out.
We didn't go.
I went.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （(S+V+O)
主语 及物动词 宾语
I bought a very good book.
My father loves pictures of cars.
My mother prepares breakfast.
He wrote a book.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S+ V+ P )
主语 系动词 表语
These books are interesting.
Tom was very happy.
The idea sounds great.
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
(S + V + IO + DO)
主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My father bought me a very good bike.
My aunt sent me a box of chocolate.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S + V + O + C )
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语
We can help you improve English.
I don't want you to work.
The news made everyone happy.
练习
1.People all over the world speak English.（主谓宾）
2.She ordered herself a new dress.（主谓双宾）
3.I asked him to hand in homework on time.
（主谓宾宾补）
4.Our English teacher is from England. （主系表）
5.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (主谓)
一．分析下面句子的成分并说出属于哪个句型。
状语
状语
6.Jimmy cannot dress himself.（主谓宾）
7.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.（主谓双宾）
8.We saw her doing homework at home.（主谓宾宾补）
9.The story sounds interesting.（主系表）
10.He is smiling all over his face. （主谓）
状语
11.All of us believe that Jim is telling a lie.（主谓宾）12.He bought you a bunch of flowers.（主谓双宾）
13.He kept his little brother waiting outside the door.（主谓宾宾补）
14.The weather has turned cold.（主系表）
15.I did well in English.（主谓）
状语
16.It is a frightening story.（主系表）
17.I showed him my newly taken pictures.（主谓双宾）
18.They will stop working at night.（主谓宾）
19.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.（主谓）
20.He didn’t know what to say.（主谓宾）
状语
21.The bus stopped suddenly.（主谓）
22.They are having dinner at home now.（主谓宾）
23.Soon the story became famous.（主系表）
24.The athletes practise training every day.（主谓宾）
25.I think it hard to finish the work within an hour.（主谓宾宾补）
状语
状语
状语
26.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（主系表）
27.They decided to go for a walk.（主谓宾）
28.The moving film made us moved.（主谓宾宾补）
29.They felt tired after a long walk. （主系表）
30. My father calls me Lily.（主谓宾宾补）
状语
状语
二．翻译下面句子并指出它属于哪个句型。
1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。
He got up very late yesterday morning. (主谓)
2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。
We talked a lot that night. (主谓)
3. 会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last two hours. (主谓)
4. 昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night. （主谓宾）
5. 我父亲能流利地说英语。
My father can speak English fluently.（主谓宾）
红色部分为状语
6. 你介意我开窗户吗？
Would you mind me opening the window （主谓宾宾补）
7.我的兄弟都是大学生。
My brothers are college students.（主系表）
8. 这本书是关于中国历史的书。
This book is about Chinese history.（主系表）
9. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
Her job is to look after the children in the kindergarten.
（主系表）
10. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma told us an interesting story last night.（主谓双宾）
11. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
Please pass me the dictionary.（主谓双宾）
12. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
My father has bought me a new bike.
（主谓双宾）
13. 这个消息让我们很激动。
This news made us so excited.（主谓宾宾补）
此处省略了主语
句子成分分析
及基本句型
句子成分
定义 ：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
01
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语: 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。
如： He reached Paris .
不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
如: Look! She is singing.
Look at me carefully!
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
（句子）
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said
（名词 ）
( 代词）
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
（不定式）
（动名词）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词）
例如： He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay
例如： He always kept silent at the meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look,
例如： He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste
例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn,
fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that.
自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表
达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如：
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
定语后置
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
（六）状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
（七）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
（八）同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.
He himself will do the experiment.
He is the oldest among them four.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
五个基本句型
句型种类 主语 谓语部分
谓语动词 表语 宾语 宾补
S + Vi. 主语+不及物动词 Birds fly.
S + Vi. + O 主语+及物动词+宾语 He plays the piano.
S + V. + P 主语+系动词+表语 We are (系动词） friends.
S + Vt. + IO + DO 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 I gave
S + Vt. + O + C 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Tom made me cry.
him a pen.
间宾
直宾
1. 主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)
主语 不及物动词
The first book came out.
We didn't go.
I went.
2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （(S+V+O)
主语 及物动词 宾语
I bought a very good book.
My father loves pictures of cars.
My mother prepares breakfast.
He wrote a book.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S+ V+ P )
主语 系动词 表语
These books are interesting.
Tom was very happy.
The idea sounds great.
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
(S + V + IO + DO)
主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
My father bought me a very good bike.
My aunt sent me a box of chocolate.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S + V + O + C )
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语
We can help you improve English.
I don't want you to work.
The news made everyone happy.
练习
1.People all over the world speak English.（主谓宾）
2.She ordered herself a new dress.（主谓双宾）
3.I asked him to hand in homework on time.
（主谓宾宾补）
4.Our English teacher is from England. （主系表）
5.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (主谓)
一．分析下面句子的成分并说出属于哪个句型。
状语
状语
6.Jimmy cannot dress himself.（主谓宾）
7.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.（主谓双宾）
8.We saw her doing homework at home.（主谓宾宾补）
9.The story sounds interesting.（主系表）
10.He is smiling all over his face. （主谓）
状语
11.All of us believe that Jim is telling a lie.（主谓宾）12.He bought you a bunch of flowers.（主谓双宾）
13.He kept his little brother waiting outside the door.（主谓宾宾补）
14.The weather has turned cold.（主系表）
15.I did well in English.（主谓）
状语
16.It is a frightening story.（主系表）
17.I showed him my newly taken pictures.（主谓双宾）
18.They will stop working at night.（主谓宾）
19.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.（主谓）
20.He didn’t know what to say.（主谓宾）
状语
21.The bus stopped suddenly.（主谓）
22.They are having dinner at home now.（主谓宾）
23.Soon the story became famous.（主系表）
24.The athletes practise training every day.（主谓宾）
25.I think it hard to finish the work within an hour.（主谓宾宾补）
状语
状语
状语
26.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（主系表）
27.They decided to go for a walk.（主谓宾）
28.The moving film made us moved.（主谓宾宾补）
29.They felt tired after a long walk. （主系表）
30. My father calls me Lily.（主谓宾宾补）
状语
状语
二．翻译下面句子并指出它属于哪个句型。
1. 他昨天早上起床很晚。
He got up very late yesterday morning. (主谓)
2. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。
We talked a lot that night. (主谓)
3. 会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last two hours. (主谓)
4. 昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night. （主谓宾）
5. 我父亲能流利地说英语。
My father can speak English fluently.（主谓宾）
红色部分为状语
6. 你介意我开窗户吗？
Would you mind me opening the window （主谓宾宾补）
7.我的兄弟都是大学生。
My brothers are college students.（主系表）
8. 这本书是关于中国历史的书。
This book is about Chinese history.（主系表）
9. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
Her job is to look after the children in the kindergarten.
（主系表）
10. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma told us an interesting story last night.（主谓双宾）
11. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
Please pass me the dictionary.（主谓双宾）
12. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。
My father has bought me a new bike.
（主谓双宾）
13. 这个消息让我们很激动。
This news made us so excited.（主谓宾宾补）
此处省略了主语