(共31张PPT)
人教新目标版 九年级上册
Unit 1 How can we become good learners
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
Learning objectives
Knowledge objectives:
1. 熟练掌握以下词汇和短语
repeat, note, pal, physics, chemistry, memorize, pattern, take notes.
2. 熟练掌握以下句型
1. —How can I improve my pronunciation —One way is by listening to tapes.
2. —How can I read faster —You can read faster by reading word groups.
Skill objectives:
1. 复习“by + V-ing”这一结构，并能熟练的运用。
2. 观察并归纳“by + V-ing”及动名词的用法，培养语法结构分析，从而提升语言综合运用能力。
3. 通过4a和4b练习，进一步巩固知识。
Emotional objectives:
通过学习语法“通过...的方式怎样做某事”，认识到中英语言上的相似性和差异性。
Thinking quality objectives:
通过语法结构的学习，思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听、说、读、写的能力。
Review
To become a good English learner, we should learn about some ways to learn English!
学习英语的一些方法
—How do you learn English
—I learn English by ________.
making word cards
listening to tapes
studying with a group
reading the textbook
—How do you learn English
—I learn English by ________.
asking the teacher for help
taking notes in English
watching English movies
listening to English songs
—How do you learn English
—I learn English by ________.
reading aloud to practice pronunciation
having conversations with friends in English
doing grammar practice
memorizing sentence patterns
memorize
[ mem ra z]
v.记住;记忆
[ sent ns p tnz]
记忆句型
Grammar focus
Translate these sentences and let’s read.
How do you learn English I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
How can I read faster You can read faster by reading word groups.
How can I improve my pronunciation One way is by listening to tapes.
你如何学习英语？
我通过小组学习。
你通过大声阅读学习英语吗？
是的。这帮助了我的发音。
我如何能读得更快？
你可以通过按意群读的方式。
我如何能提高我的发音呢？
有一种方法是通过听录音。
Grammar focus
Observe the following conversation of grammar focus, please think:
How do you learn English I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
How can I read faster You can read faster by reading word groups.
How can I improve my pronunciation One way is by listening to tapes.
询问做事的方式或手段时，常使用句型：
____________________________
回答常用 _________ 结构，表示手段、方法。
How do you… / How can I…
by + v.-ing
介词by的用法
(1)“by+动名词”在句中常作方式状语，此处的by是介词，意为_________，表示方法、手段、途径等，意为“通过……；用……；借助……”，其位置可放在句首或句末。其后除了接动名词以外，还可以接__________。
“通过；靠”
名词或代词
如：他通过听英文歌曲提高了听力（水平）。
所有的工作他都得用电脑来完成。
He improved his listening ________________________.
He had to do all the work ___________.
by listening to English songs
by computer
(2)“by+动名词”可以用来回答_______引导的特殊疑问句。
你是如何学习数学的？
我通过做练习学习。
—_______ do you learn math
—I learn ________________.
How
by doing exercises
How
【拓展】by的其它用法：
(1)by +地点，意为 ________________。
(2)by +时间，意为 __________________。
(3)by+交通工具，意为 __________________。
(4)意为______________。
Tom sits _____________ in the classroom.
He goes to work _________.
The music _________ is famous all over the world.
(5) 意为“逐一；连续”
一个接一个
逐字地，字字地
如：汤姆坐在教室的窗边。
如：妈妈叫他10点前回家。
如：他骑自行车上班。
如：由莫扎特(Mozart)所作的音乐举世闻名。
one by one
word by word
“靠近；在...旁边”
by the window
“不迟于；在...之前”
by 10 :00
“乘......（表示方式）”
by bike
“由……所作”
by Mozart
Mom told him to come back home _________.
(6) by +动作执行者，意为_______，常用于_________，引出动作执行者。
“被;由”
被动语态
The bridge was built ______________ last year.
如：这座桥是工人们去年建造的。
by the workers
(7) 组成其它固定短语:
by the way : 意为________________________，常做插入语。
by oneself : 意为________________。
by accident: 意为__________。
by the end of...: 意为______________。
by the time...: 意为 ____________。
by mistake: 意为_________。
“顺便说”;“顺便问一 下”
“单独”;“独自”
“偶然”
“到.....末为止”
“错误地”
“到....时候”
exercise
1. —How do you study for a test，Eric
—I study ________ working with a group.
A. by B. with C. in D. for
2. —Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister
—I don't think it's necessary. She will come here ________taxi.
A. on B. for C. by D. with
3. On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.
A. for B. on C. by D. with
4.Smartphones ________ Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.
A. made by B. making in
C. to make by D. makes in
一、单项选择。
A
C
C
A
5. You have to get home ________ 10 o’clock.
A. with B. in C. on D. by
6. —________ did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival this year, Tom
—By making rice dumplings with my Chinese friends.
A. Where B. When C. How D. Why
D
C
1. Come and sit ______（我旁边）．
2. ______________（到上星期日） I had finished the book．
3. She came home _________（乘飞机）．
4. Did you make the desk ____________ (独自）
5．_________（顺便问下）, how many people are there in
your family
6. We can overcome(克服) all the difficulties by__________ (work)together.
二、根据提示，完成下列各题
by me
By last Sunday
by plane
by yourself
By the way
working
动名词（v- ing）的用法
语法定义
动名词是由“动词原形+-ing”构成的，但是它不是表示正在做，而只是表示“做……”这件事！“动词原形+-ing”有两种叫法，如果呈现的是名词词性就叫__________，呈现的形容词、副词词性时就叫 _______。动名词的构成和现在分词一样，但功能完全不同，动名词具有名词的功能，又保留了动词的性质。分词具有形容词、副词的功能且保留了动词的性质。因此动名词在句中作_______________________等。
“动名词”
“分词”
主语、宾语、表语、定语
1、动名词作主语
动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用_____________。
三单形式
如：读书是一种艺术。
__________ is an art.
爬山真是有趣。
__________________is really fun.
Reading
Climbing mountains
动名词作主语的几种类型
① 直接位于句首做主语。
如：游泳是夏天的一项好运动。
_____________ is a good sport in summer.
Swimming
② 用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词做主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
如：告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
_____ is no use ______ him not to worry.
It
telling
注意：常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。important，essential，necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。
2、动名词作宾语
作动词的宾语
如：我喜欢唱歌。
I enjoy _______.
她经常建议小声说话。
She always advises _______ quietly.
作介词的宾语
如：我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
我知道窗户是谁打破的。
I know who is responsible for ____________________.
We are thinking of __________________ for the next term.
singing
saying
making a new plan
breaking the window
3、动名词作表语
多数情况下动名词作表语可转换成作主语，但分词不转换成作主语
如：她的业余爱好是看小说。
Her hobby is ______________.
______________ is her hobby.
我的工作是演奏各种乐器。
My job is __________ all kinds of musical instruments.
游泳是最好的运动项目之一。
One of the best exercises is __________.
reading novels
Reading novels
playing
swimming
4、动名词作定语
动名词作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。
如：他可能在阅览室里。
He may be in the ______________.
他们搭起一个手术台。
They set up an ______________.
我经常去我家附近的游泳池游泳。
I often go swimming in the ______________ near my home.
reading room
operating table
swimming pool
1. My watch needs ____, but I have no time to go to town to have it ____.
A. to repair; repaired B. to be repaired; repairing
C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired
2. You should apologize to your sister for _____ her the truth.
A. telling B. not telling
C. telling not D. not tell
3. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot ______ it off.
A. turning B. turn
C. to turn D. having turned
exercise
C
B
C
4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldn’t help ________.
A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries
5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _______ English every day.
A. to practise speaking
B. practising speaking
C. to practise to speak
D. practising to speak
6. It is no use _______ without doing.
A. to promise B. promising
C. promise D. to be promised
C
B
B
Presentation
4a
Match the questions and answers.
a. By watching English programs.
b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.
c. By having conversations with friends.
d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.
e. By making word cards.
f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.
1. How do you practice speaking _____
2. How do you learn new words _____
3. How do you improve your writing _____
4. How do you practice listening _____
5. How do you improve your pronunciation _____
6. How do you learn grammar _____
c
e
f
a
b
d
重复；重做
做笔记
笔友
4b
Make sentences using the structure “do sth. by doing” with the subjects in the box and information that is true for you.
math physics chemistry Chinese history geography
e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers /speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.
note n. 笔记；记录
[ kem stri]n.化学
记忆句型
[ kem stri]n.化学
[ d i ɡ.r .fi ] n. 地理
I like to learn math ___________________________________.
I like to practice my physics ______________________.
I like to improve my chemistry ______________________________
__________________.
I like to practice my Chinese __________________________.
I like to improve my history and geography ____________________
________________________.
by solving new math problems every day
by doing extra exercises
by memorizing chemical terms and
doing experiments
by keeping a diary in Chinese
by watching historical
and geographical programs
Have a try
4c
Check (√) what you do to learn English.
A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises
B: Yes, I do.
A: How often do you do them
B: …
Do a survey
Hi, Linda, how do you learn English
I learn English by reading books or magazines.
interview
How often do you read English books
I sometimes do when I have time.
……
……
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Preview (Section B (1a-1e)).
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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