2022-2023学年译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册：Unit 1 Food matters A卷 单元测试卷（含解析）

2022-2023学年译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册：Unit 1 Food matters A卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Non-Credit Courses
The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses. Students will experience college-level courses given by some of our college's leading experts and will receive written feedback(反馈) on their work at the end of the course. Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.
All non-credit courses meet from 9:00 a. m. - 11:30 a. m. daily and may have additional requirements in the afternoons or evenings.
COURSE: Case Studies in Neuroscience
● June 11 - July 2
● Leah Roesch
Using student-centered, active-learning methods and real-world examples, this course is designed to provide a fuller understanding of how the human brain works.
COURSE: Psychology of Creativity
●June 15 - June 28
●Marshall Duke
Why are certain people so creative Is it genetic(遗传的), or a result of childhood experience Are they different from everyone else This popular psychology course highlights the different theories of creativity.
COURSE: Creative Storytelling
● June 21 - July 3
● Edith Freni
This college-level course in creative storytelling functions as an introduction to a variety of storytelling techniques that app>ear in different forms of creative writing, such as short fiction and playwriting.
COURSE: Sports Economics
●July 19 - August 1
●Christina DePasquale
In this course we will analyze many interesting aspects of the sports industry: sports leagues, ticket pricing, salary negotiations, discrimination, and NCAA policies to name a few.
1. Who is the text intended for
A. The general public. B. College freshmen.
C. Educational experts. D. High school students.
2. Which course can you take if you are free only in June
A. Sports Economics. B. Creative Storytelling.
C. Psychology of Creativity. D. Case Studies in Neuroscience.
3. Whose course should you choose if you are interested in creative writing
A. Leah Roesch's. B. Edith Freni's.
C. Marshall Duke's. D. Christina DePasquale's.
B
Buy a ticket to the Disgusting Food Museum in Sweden, and you'll find it is not printed on a piece of paper.
"Instead, it is a vomit bag with our logo," said the museum's founder Samuel West. It was a joke. But it makes sense, to some extent. Inside the museum, foods with some of the world's most terrible smells are on show. Walking around in it, someone may want to vomit.
Yet making people vomit is not the founder's purpose. "I want people to realize that disgust is always in the eyes of the beholder," said West. "We usually find things we're not familiar with disgusting." For example, the tree-ant larvae eaten in Mexico, or the bird's nest soup in China.
There are nearly 80 items in the museum. They come from Asia, Europe, the United States, Central and South America, Africa and Australia.
The founder wants people to know that disgust isn't just about taste or smell. It's also about the way the food is produced. In the museum, some foods might taste pretty good, but are produced in a cruel way. Those include French foie gras. This dish requires force-feeding ducks or geese. Another example is the monkey brain. It is said that in some parts of China, the brain is being eaten while the animal is still alive.
West hopes that the museum will help people rethink what is delicacy. He also wants to encourage people to try more food sources that are environmentally friendly. He suggests people eat less meat, especially beef and pork. Instead, he encourages people to eat smaller animals or insects.
1.What's the ticket to the Disgusting Food Museum like
A.A piece of paper. B.Edible(可食用的) paper with disgusting smell.
C.A vomit bag with a logo. D.A piece of paper printed with a joke.
2.What does the underlined word "vomit" in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Kick off. B.Fall down. C.Bring up. D.Break in.
3.The two examples in Paragraph 5 are used to _________.
A.show the way ducks, geese or monkeys are fed
B.introduce the way foie gras is eaten
C.tell readers some cruel ways of food production
D.suggest the difference of food taste between China and French
4.What's the founder's main purpose of building the museum
A.To encourage people to eat more environmentally friendly food.
B.To advise people to stop eating animals or insects.
C.To let people know that disgust isn't just about taste or smell.
D.To inform people of how disgusting some food is.
C
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
1.What is the recent study mainly about
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor
A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
D
I came home one day recently and, for reasons I don't quite understand, my living room smelled like my grandmother's house. Suddenly I felt as if I were 12 years old, happy and relaxed, sitting in her kitchen. I can remember what her house looked like, though it was sold 20 years ago—her three-level plant stand, the plates lining the walls, the window over her sink—but these visual memories don't have the power that smell does. The funny thing is, I can't even begin to describe the odor(气味) that was so distinctively hers. The best I can do is this: "It smelled like my grandmother's house."
It's a common experience, and a common linguistic(语言学的) problem. In cultures worldwide, people have powerful olfactory memories. This odor-memory link is also called "the Proust phenomenon", after Marcel Proust's famous description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in Remembrance of Things Past.
Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones.
Not all these memories are pleasant, of course, and smells can also trigger feelings of pain.
It is surprisingly hard for English-speakers to describe the odors that occasion such strong emotions, however. English possesses almost no abstract smell words that pick out links or themes among unrelated aromas (芳香).
We have plenty of these in the visual field. "Yellow", for example, identifies a characteristic that bananas, lemons, some cars, some flowers, old book pages, and the sun all share.
But for odors, we don't have many more than the vague "musty(smells old and stale)" and "musky (smells perfumey)". We usually have no choice but to say that one thing smells like another—like a banana, like garlic, like diesel fuel.
A few languages, though, do have a rich odor vocabulary. Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai, the Semaq Beri, and the Maniq, hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand, employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colours. The Jahai have a word, for example, that describes "the seemingly dissimilar smell of petrol, smoke, bat poop, root of wild ginger and wood of wild mango".
Last year my cat got sprayed by a skunk (臭鼬), and the vet told me to wash its face with coffee to cover the bad smell. Until then, I had never realized that coffee, which I find delicious, smells remarkably like skunk spray, which I do not.
Science has identified the chemicals that both share. They are called mercaptans(硫醇). But in oral English, we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors. If the Jahai drank coffee and encountered skunks, I bet they would.
1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to __________.
A.express the writer's affection for his grandmother
B.direct the readers' attention to a linguistic problem
C.tell us the odor of the grandmother's house stayed the same
D.prove smell has a greater power than visual memories
2.Which of the following is related to olfactory memories
A.Forming an image in mind after seeing the word "injury".
B.Feeling sympathetic when seeing a sick cat.
C.Dancing to the music upon hearing it played.
D.Missing fried eggs with garlic cooked by Mum.
3.The example of the Jahai suggests that __________.
A.the Jahai don't have many words in the visual field
B.English possesses many vague words like "musty" and "musky"
C.the Jahai has more abstract smell words than English
D.skunk and coffee have the same smell, but different functions
4.What can we learn from the passage
A.The author feels pity about the limitation of his language.
B.English has a wide range of visual and odor vocabulary.
C.Olfactory memories can bring nothing but pleasant feelings.
D.Cultures worldwide always collide with each other.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ketchup(番茄酱) is a magical little dressing. It has a sweet and salty bite and makes just about any food more appetizing. ①_________ So how did ketchup become best friends with French fries Let's start at the beginning.
②_________ In fact, the first ketchup recipe did not include tomatoes! Instead the Chinese made it from salted fish. Doesn't sound as appetizing as today's dip, does it ③_________ In the 1900s it started making its way to everyone's dinner tables and refrigerators when the Heinz family bottled and sold it. Ketchup underwent another makeover in the 1970s with the rise of high-fructose com syrup (高果糖玉米糖浆).
America's favourite way to eat vegetables originated not in France as the name suggests, but in Belgium. When French fries made their way onto the scene in Europe in the early 1800s, ketchup, as we now know it, had not been invented yet. Americans accepted the side dish in the 1930s and enjoyed them fried in beef fat. ④_________ There are reports of early adopters dipping their fries in ketchup from as early as the late 1800s, but the trend didn't take off in America until the 1940s. As the popularity of fast food restaurants grew, so did the desire to dip our fries in that tasty red sauce. Fast food restaurants started serving French fries with ketchup. ⑤_________
A. You can even clean with it!
B. We have been hooked since.
C. They didn't find ketchup delicious at all.
D. Then French fries were invented to go with ketchup.
E. In their birthplace, fries are served with salad dressing.
F. Red, tomato-based ketchup didn't appear until much later.
G. Ketchup has been around for centuries but in a completely different form.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
"A bird with a broken wing will never fly as high." I'm sure that John would agree with this saying, 1 he felt this way almost every day in school.
By high school, John was the most famous troublemaker in his town. He was always absent, didn't answer questions and got into 2 . He had failed almost every exam by the time he entered his senior year, yet was passed on each year to a higher grade level. Teachers didn't want to 3 him again the following year. John was moving on, but definitely not moving 4 .
I met John for the first time at a weekend leadership training programme since John was one of 105 students who 5 . At the start of the training, John was just standing outside the circle of students, against the back wall. He didn't 6 join the discussion groups. But slowly, the interactive games put him in.
The ice really melted when the groups started building a list of 7 and negative things that had occurred at school that year. John 8 some constructive ideas on those situations. The other students in John's group 9 his comments. All of a sudden John felt like a part of the group, and before long he was 10 like a leader. By the end of the training, he had joined the Homeless Project team. The other students on the team were 11 with his passionate concern and ideas. They 12 elected John co-chairman of the team.
John started 13 at school every day and answered questions from teachers for the first time. He led a second project, 14 300 blankets and 1,000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter from house to house. A bird with a broken wing only needs 15 . Once healed, it can fly higher than the rest.
1.A.if B.until C.as D.though
2.A.fights B.debt C.difficulties D.work
3.A.love B.pet C.have D.accompany
4.A.in B.up C.away D.back
5.A.signed up B.ran away C.fell down D.went by
6.A.hurriedly B.easily C.readily D.warmly
7.A.useless B.meaningful C.strange D.positive
8.A.changed B.expressed C.reserved D.noticed
9.A.refused B.ignored C.welcomed D.gathered
10.A.dressed B.treated C.born D.shaped
11.A.impressed B.patient C.disappointed D.familiar
12.A.still .again C.hardly D.even
13.A.showing up B.dropping out C.going down D.walking around
14.A.buying B.collecting C.donating D.making
15.A.raising B.feeding C.mending D.replacing
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than ①__________(take) afternoon tea. We know the Brits have a love affair with drinking tea, ②__________ more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea ③__________ turned tea-drinking into a popular pastime.
This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea ④__________ (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, which ⑤__________ (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a ⑥__________ (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.
Now there is a resurgence(复苏) in its ⑦__________ (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. ⑧__________ it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or cafe. But if you're thinking of visiting such a place ⑨__________ (enjoy) a plate of sweet and savoury treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ⑩__________ (ask) to leave.
Writer Henry James once noted that "there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea". I'm sure once you have tried it, you will agree.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
近日,你们学校食堂准备推出“小份菜(smaller dishes)”。请你代表校学生会用英语写封倡议书,内容包括:
1.简要描述“小份菜”;
2.“小份菜”的意义(不少于两点);
3.号召大家响应。
参考词汇: thrift n.节约
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students' Union
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I'm a devoted environmentalist. Every month I bring several bags of carefully cleaned bottles to the recycling center, pour them into blue barrels(桶) for weighing, and walk away with a few dollars per bag.
The last time I went, there was a long line. A white-haired man was growing impatient with the clerk, who explained that the scale(秤) was not working and would have to be reset. The elderly man rolled his eyes as the clerk apologized for the delay(拖延) and said that it would just take another minute. His air of dissatisfaction was obvious as he tapped one foot and folded his arms across his chest.
The next person in line was a bearded man whose hair was so messy that it looked like he had been through a windstorm. His clothing was mismatched and dirty and hung loosely as if he had lost a lot of weight. He looked up at me from behind a blue barrel filled with glass bottles.
I was looking for empty barrels when he handed me one. "Here, you don't need to get your hands dirty," he offered with a shy smile. He was right about one thing. Those barrels are really dirty, with enough spilled soda and beer to attract numerous bees and flies. I always come equipped with wipes and have occasionally worn gloves.
Normally, when a man offers to help me carry something, I always say, "I can do it'' or "Thanks but I don't need any help." There was, however, the fellow with honesty that made me hard to refuse. I thanked him for the barrel and began to open my first bag. "I can help you with that," he offered.
Paragraph 1:
Again I wanted to tell him that I could do it myself. __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I decided to reward him for his kindness. __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DCB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句"The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses."和第一段最后一句"Pre-College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program."可知,这篇文章是写给大学预科生的,即高中生。本题的关键是理解Pre-College的意思,前缀pre-的意思是"在......前;先于",由此可以推出答案。
2.细节理解题。对比四个课程的时间,授课时间全部在六月的只有课程Psychology of Creativity。
3.细节理解题。根据题干中的creative writing可定位到COURSE: Creative Storytelling部分,该部分提到了creative writing,由此可知,如果你对创意写作感兴趣,你应该选择Creative Storytelling,该课程的授课人是Edith Freni。故选B。
B
答案：1-4.CCCA
解析：1.细节理解题。【关键句1】Buy a ticket to the Disgusting Food Museum in Sweden, and you'll find it is not printed on a piece of paper.【关键句2】"Instead, it is a vomit bag with our logo," said the museum founder Samuel West.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,瑞典的恶心食物博物馆的门票是一个印有他们标识的呕吐袋。因此C项符合题意。
2.词义猜测题【关键句】Inside the museum, foods with some of the world's most terrible smells are on show. Walking around in it, someone may want to vomit.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,这家博物馆里展览着世界上最难闻的食物,因此在博物馆里走动的时候,人们会被这些难闻的食物熏到呕吐。由此可以推测出,画线词的意思是“呕吐”。bring up意为“呕吐”,符合题意。kick off意为“(足球或橄榄球比赛的)开球;开始(事件、比赛或讨论等);踢掉(鞋);赶走”;fall down意为“倒下”;break in意为“插嘴;破门而入”。
3.推理判断题。【关键句】The founder wants people to know that disgust isn't just about taste or smell. It's also about the way the food is produced. In the museum, some foods might taste pretty good, but are produced in a cruel way.【解析】根据关键句的叙述,再结合后面的两个例子可知,所举的都是食物烹制方法很残忍的例子,这两个例子是用来具体阐释关键句所述内容的。由此可知,C项“告诉读者们一些残忍的烹制食物的方法”符合题意。
4.推理判断题。【关键句】West hopes that the museum will help people rethink what is delicacy. He also wants to encourage people to try more food sources that are environmentally friendly. He suggests people eat less meat, especially beef and pork. Instead, he encourages people to eat smaller animals or insects.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可以推知,West建立这家博物馆的目的就是鼓励人们吃那些环保的食物。因此A项符合题意。
C
答案：1-4 DDAC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake."可知, 根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究, 我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的"And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid."可知, 研究表明, 与现有的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反, 你真正需要避开的是食量大且又高又瘦的人。由"contrary to"可推断出, 画线词和"heavier people"含义相反。故选D项。picky挑剔的; 难伺候的。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中的"To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments."可知, 为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响, 研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知, 在两个实验中, 胖型和瘦型演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做, 吃的食物比平常多。然而, 当演员是瘦型的时候, 参与者们进食更多。由此推断, 研究人员雇用演员是为了查看演员如何影响参与者。故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit."可知, 如果一个超重的人吃很大一份, 我会忍住一点, 因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多, 我会跟着做。因此推断我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的。故选C项。
D
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。【关键句】It's a common experience, and a common linguistic problem.【解析】关键句中的代词It指代第一段的内容,由此可知第一段的主要目的是引导读者注意一个语言问题。因此B项符合题意。
2.推理判断题。【关键句1】In cultures worldwide, people have powerful olfactory memories. This odor-memory link is also called "the Proust phenomenon", after Marcel Proust's famous description of the feelings aroused by a cake dipped in tea in Remembrance of Things Past.【关键句2】Olfactory memories seem to be more closely bound up with emotions than are visual or auditory ones.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,嗅觉记忆与食物的味道有关,也与情感联系紧密。D项意为“想念妈妈做的大蒜炒鸡蛋”,符合题意。
3.推理判断题。【关键句】A few languages, though, do have a rich odor vocabulary. Linguist Asifa Majid has found that the Jahai, the Semag Beri, and the Maniq, hunter-gatherer groups in Malaysia and Thailand, employ a wide range of abstract smell words and can identify aromas as easily as we can colours.【解析】根据关键句的叙述可知,Jahai的例子是为了说明Jahai有比英语更多的抽象嗅觉词汇。因此C项符合题意。
4.推理判断题。【关键句】But in oral English, we have no word for the underlying note that connects these two odors. If the Jahai drank coffee and encountered skunks, I bet they would.【解析】根据文章内容尤其是关键句的叙述可知,作者对自己语言的局限性感到很遗憾。因此A项符合题意。
第二节
答案：AGFEB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了番茄酱这种调味料的发展演变过程,以及人们对它的喜爱。
①意群契合题。空格前提到番茄酱的神奇之处,它又甜又咸,还可以让很多食物变得美味。由此可以推测,空格处应继续谈论番茄酱的神奇之处。A项意为“你甚至可以使用番茄酱来做清洁”,符合此处语境。
②段首主题句。空格后一句提到事实上,最初的番茄酱配方不包括西红柿。再结合后文叙述可知,这一段主要在介绍番茄酱的演变过程。G项意为“番茄酱已经出现了好几个世纪,但是形式完全不一样”,能够概括本段内容,最适合置于此处。
③纽带衔接题。本段是在按照时间线索叙述番茄酱的演变历史。空格前提到中国鱼酱,空格后提到到了20世纪,它开始出现在人们的餐桌上和冰箱里,亨氏家族将它装瓶出售。F项意为“红色的、以番茄为原料的番茄酱直到后来才出现”,能够恰当地衔接上下文,符合此处语境。
④逻辑推理题。空格前提到在20世纪30年代,美国人就接受了炸薯条,并且喜欢用牛油煎炸。空格后提到早期的食用者会用薯条蘸上番茄酱,但这一趋势直到20世纪40年代才在美国兴起。由此可以推测,空格处应涉及美国人在番茄酱发明之前是如何吃薯条的。E项意为“在他们的出生地,薯条是和沙拉酱配在一起吃的”,讲的是美国人吃炸薯条的习惯,符合此处语境。
⑤段尾总结句。空格前提到随着快餐店越来越受欢迎,人们用薯条蘸番茄酱的欲望也越来越强烈,快餐店也开始一起供应炸薯条和番茄酱。由此可以推测,空格处应该与人们对番茄酱的喜爱有关。B项意为“自那以来,我们就被迷住了”,能够总结本段内容,最适合置于此处。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.CACBA; 6-10.CDBCB; 11-15.ADABC
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。约翰是镇上最著名的麻烦制造者,上学经常缺席,不回答问题,爱打架。在一次周末的领导培训项目中,他融进了团队,不久他被当作一个领导者对待,他至此开始变得积极努力。文章告诉我们:一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补。一旦愈合,它就会飞得比其他的都高。
1.句意:断了翅膀的鸟永远不会飞得那么高。我相信约翰会同意这句话,因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。if如果; until直到……为止;as由于……;though尽管。根据前半句"I'm sure that John would agree with this saying(我相信约翰会同意这句话)"可知,后面应该是表示原因,“因为他几乎每天在学校里都有这种感觉”。故用as引导状语从句。故选C。
2.句意:他总是上课缺席,不回答问题,还打架。fights打架; debt债务; difficulties困难;work工作。根据上文约翰总是惹麻烦可知,空处是打架,其他选项不合文意。get into 意为“陷入……”。故选A。
3.句意:老师不想下一学年再要他了。love爱;pet爱抚; have让,有;accompany陪伴。根据下文"John was moving on, but definitely not moving 4 .(约翰在继续前进,但绝对没有上升。)"可知,老师不想下一学年要他。故选C。
4.句意:约翰在继续前进,但绝对没有上升。move up提升; move in生活于; move away离开; move back退缩。故选B。
5.句意:我第一次见到约翰是在一个周末的领导培训项目中,因为约翰是105名报名参加的学生之一。 signed up报名,登记; ran away逃跑,跑开; fell down倒下; went by时间逝去。此处指报名参加培训项目。故选A。
6.句意:他不是很热情地加入讨论组。hurriedly匆忙地; easily容易地; readily乐意地; warmly热情地。根据上文"John was just standing outside the circle of students, against the back wall"可知,约翰不愿意和学生们在一起讨论。故选C。
7.句意:当这些团体开始列出当年在学校发生的积极和消极的事情时,冰真的融化了。useless无用的;meaningful有意义的;strange奇怪的; positive积极的,肯定的。空处需与下文中"negative things"对应。故选D。
8.句意:约翰对这些情况表达了一些建设性的想法。changed改变; expressed表达; reserved保留; noticed注意。根据下文"some constructive ideas"可知,这里表示表达想法。故选B。
9.句意:约翰小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。refused拒绝; ignored忽视; welcomed欢迎,乐于接受; gathered聚集。根据下文"like a leader"可知,这里是说组员们对他的态度。故选C。
10.句意:不久他被当作一个领导者对待。dressed装饰,给……穿衣; treated对待,治疗; born出世;shaped成形。组员们把他当领导。故选B。
11.句意:团队中的其他学生对他的热情的关心和想法印象深刻。impressed印象深刻的; patient耐心的; disappointed失望的; familiar熟悉的。be impressed with意为“对……印象深刻”。故选A。
12.句意:他们甚至还选举了约翰为联合主席。still仍然;again又,再; hardly几乎不;even甚至,表示递进。故选D。
13.句意:他每天开始在学校出现,并回答老师的问题。showing up露面,出现;dropping out退出,退学; going down减少,下降; walking around四处走动。与第二段中"He was always absent, didn't answer questions..."对比可知,参加培训项目后,他每天在学校出现,并回答老师的问题。故选A。
14.句意:他领导了第二个项目,为无家可归者挨家挨户筹集了300条毯子和1000双鞋子。buying买;collecting收集; donating捐赠; making制造。根据"300 blankets and 1,000 pairs of shoes for the homeless shelter"可知,此处应该是“收集”。故选B。
15.句意:一只折断了翅膀的鸟只需要修补。一旦愈合,它就会飞得比其他的都高。raising升起;feeding喂养; mending修补; replacing替代。这里指折断了翅膀的鸟需要修补。故选C。
第二节
答案：taking ; with ; that ; comfortably ; was designed ; fashionable ; popularity ; Although/Though/While; to enjoy; being asked
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的下午茶传统。
①考查非谓语动词。句意:英国人有很多传统,但是没有比喝下午茶更典型的传统了。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处的take作介词than的宾语,所以应使用其动名词形式taking。
②考查with的复合结构。句意:我们都知道英国人喜爱喝茶,他们每天要喝掉1.6亿杯茶,但是,是下午茶的发明把喝茶变成了一项非常流行的消遣活动。分析句子的语法结构可知,连词but连接两个句子,前面的分句中的more than 160 million cups drunk every day是非谓语结构。所以此处应使用介词with,构成with的复合结构:with +n.+ to do/doing/done。这个结构在句子中作状语。
③考查强调句型。分析句子的语法结构可知,把but后半句中的it was和横线去掉之后,剩下的是个完整的句子。这是强调句型的典型特点。所以此处应使用that,构成强调句型。
④考查副词。句意:这种社交活动包括在小口吃美味的三明治、带果酱和奶油的司康饼以及精选的小蛋糕时,舒服地饮用质量上好的茶。分析句子的语法结构可知,空处在这里修饰动词drinking。所以应使用所给词的副词形式comfortably。
⑤考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最初是用来填补午餐和晚餐之间的空档的下午茶,可以追溯到19世纪40年代。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处填的是which引导的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词,design和逻辑主语Afternoon tea之间是被动关系,时态是一般过去时。所以此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态形式was designed。
⑥考查形容词。句意:它逐渐成为上流社会流行的社交活动。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处需要使用所给词的形容词形式,修饰后面的名词。所以使用形容词fashionable。
⑦考查名词。句意:现在,下午茶的风潮在英国复苏。分析句子的语法结构可知,在形容性物主代词its之后,应使用名词。所以此处使用所给词的名词形式popularity。
⑧考查连词。分析句子的语法结构可知,此处需要使用连词来连接两个句子。结合两句话的含义“在家可以喝下午茶”和“体验下午茶的最佳方式是去豪华酒店或者咖啡馆”可知,此处表示让步关系,所以应使用能引导让步状语从句的连词although、though或者while。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,如果你想去这样一个地方来品尝一盘甜点和美味的小食,再饮一壶泡好的热茶,请记住你必须要遵循的规则,以免被赶出去。分析句子的语法结构并结合句意可知,此处作句子的目的状语。所以应使用所给词的不定式形式to enjoy。
⑩考查固定搭配和动词的语态。根据所学知识可知,avoid doing sth是固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”。再结合句意可知,这里说的是避免“被”赶出去。所以此处应使用动名词的被动形式being asked。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear fellow students,
Our school canteen plans to serve smaller dishes. Instead of a full plate of food, you are inspired to take smaller dishes when ordering your meals.
Considering the critical food shortages, serving half-portioned dishes is necessary and meaningful. Not only does it curb the unnecessary waste but it helps advocate the practice of being thrifty. So good is the virtue that it deserves promotion.
Welcome to take an active part. Remember small acts can make a big difference!
Students' Union
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
Again I wanted to tell him that I could do it myself. Before I could utter a word, the bearded fellow, in his ill-fitting clothes, efficiently placed the dirty barrel in front of me and began to pour in my carefully cleaned bottles. As he started to fill the second barrel, he said, "You can go ahead of me. You must be busy and I've got all day." Then I noticed the white-haired man turning around to observe us. He was surprised to find a neat woman talking with such a fellow in a warm way.
Paragraph 2:
I decided to reward him for his kindness. The only problem was how to do it without insulting him. Finally, I hit on a plan. "You're right," I said. "You could help me out by turning in all my bottles." He looked confused. "How will you get your money " "I don't really need it. I just want to get rid of the bottles. You'd be doing me a favor if you could take care of them for me." His shy smile broadened to a wide grin. "Okay, but I owe you one," he said. "No, we're even!" The bottles he'd brought might have been worth two or three dollars. I wondered what he could get with that: maybe a burger or a bag of biscuits.