Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures
【学习目标】
1. To master the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.
2. To learn to use the restrictive relative clauses mentioned flexibly.
【重点难点】
1. To appreciate the function of the restrictive relative clauses.
2. To write essays using the proper the restrictive relative clauses.
【学习过程】
【自主探究】
语法自主探究
定语从句（一）——关系代词的用法
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫_____________。定语从句通常由______或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词_________。被定语从句修饰的词叫__________，引导定语从句的词叫_____________，关系词指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种：关系代词_____________________________和关系副词when, where, why。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为______________和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是整个句子_____________的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要意思，这种定语从句前面不用_____________隔开；而非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明, 通常和主句用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句话，除了that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系词的用法和限制性定语从句关系词的用法相同。
关系代词的用法
一、判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：
如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：
1．找准__________（定语从句前的名词或代词）。
2．把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当______________。
3．根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的_________。
如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语，表语，则用____________，关系代词主要有who, whom ,whose, that, which, as。
二、关系代词的基本用法
指代 关系代词 例句
1.人 Who、whom、that The man _____________ is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist. （作is speaking的主语） 在会上讲话的人是一位著名的科学家。 He _________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. （作does not reach的主语） 不到长城非好汉。 This is the famous scientist (_____________) we visited last week. （作visited的宾语） 这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。
2.物 That、which He finally worked out the problem ______________ puzzled him for a long time.（作puzzled的主语） 他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。 The fish (______________) we bought yesterday were not fresh.（作bought的宾语） 我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。
3.人的； 物的 whose They rushed over to help the man ____________ car broke down.（whose car=the man’s car，作定语，修饰car） 他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。 There is a mountain ______________ top is always covered with snow. (whose top=the mountain’s top，作定语，修饰top) 有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。
三、易混的关系代词辨析：
（一）that和which
1.用that，不用which的情况 ①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nothing, all, any, much, many, some, few, little, none等或当先行词被no, some, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。 To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。 Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么要我做的事吗 He answered few questions that were asked by the reporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。
②当先行词被the only, the very, the same等词修饰时。 That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 He still lives in the same house that we visited ten years ago. 他还住在十年前我们参观的同一座房子里。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This was one of the most interesting books ______________ were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing ________________ should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。 I’m going to talk about the countries and people _________________ I have visited. 我要谈论一下我所访问的国家和人民。
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。 Which is the T-shirt _____________ fits me most 那件体恤衫最适合我？
2.用which，不用that的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中 Football, ____________ is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。 This is the room in __________ my father lived last year. = This is the room (that/ which) my father lived in last year. 这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。
【课后巩固】
一、用正确的关系代词填空
1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.
2. She never gives in to those ________ have money.
3. This is the best film ________ has been shown so far in the city.
4. February is the only month ________ has fewer than 30 days.
5. My son made notes of everything ________ he read.
6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ once taught us maths.
1Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period 1 Listening and Speaking
【学习目标】
1. To get the listening skills and words and expressions used in Listening and Speaking;
2. To get the listening strategies, especially picking out the key information of the questions, such as what, when, where, why and how.
3. To grasp some information about natural disasters.
【学习重难点】
1. To learn to use different listening tips to get the necessary information.
2. To talk about the related topic such as how to report a news and how to give instructions about a natural disaster.
【学习过程】
Step 1 Watch the video about Natural Disasters and then look at the photos in Activity 1. Write down their names by yourselves.
Step 2 Listen and tick in Activity 2.
Step 3 Listen to the news again. Then answer the following questions:
Circle the key words in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to. Then listen again and answer the questions.
question Type of information answer
1.What’s the magnitude of the earthquake in Ecuador
2 How many people were killed or injured in Ecuador
3 Where are the floods
4 What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
5 When did people see the tornado in Memphis
6 Which buildings were damaged in Seoul!
7 What was the landslide in Seoul
Step 4 Read and report in Activity 4.
Read about the disasters below and prepare a short news report on one of them. Then present your news report to a partner.
Earthquake Wenchuan, China 14:28 Monday. 12 May Magnitude 7.8 (8.0) At least 8,500 killed (by 13 May) Rescue workers (medical teams, troops, volunteers, etc.) organized quickly
Wildfire Alberta, Canada Began on 1 May 2.400 homes destroyed Almost 88000 people evacuated Hundreds of firefighters arrived Planes, helicopters used to fight the fire No deaths, no injuries
Flood Colombo, Sri Lanka Began in May 82 killed, 500,000 affected. Rescue teams provided food，and water Shelters set up by the government
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4Unit 4 Natural Disasters—Reading & Thinking
【学习目标】
1. Teach students to find out the paragraph topic sentences, understand the basic information of the Tangshan earthquake through skimming, searching and other reading skills.
2. Enable students to sort out the details of the paragraph, to understand the strange things before the Tangshan earthquake, the tremendous destructive force caused by the earthquake, and the rapid and selfless rescue and reconstruction after the disaster.
3. Discuss the thinking brought by earthquake and sublimate the theme significance.
【学习重难点】
1. Develop students’ reading ability such as skimming, scanning and summarizing.
2. Let students talk about the precursor before the earthquake, the damage caused by the earthquake, the rescue after the earthquake and the reconstruction after the earthquake.
【学习过程】
Step 1 Lead in
Look and discuss
What are the disasters in the pictures What other natural disasters do you know
Step 2 Before Reading
Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right.
Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake.
Step 3 While Reading
Activity1 Read the text carefully and then write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1： Warning signs before the earthquake.
Paragraph 2: ___________________________________
Paragraph 3: ___________________________________
Paragraph 4: ___________________________________
Paragraph 5: ___________________________________
Activity2 Read the text carefully and answer these questions.
1．All the following unusual things happened before the earthquake except that
A．the water in the village wells rose and fell
B．the chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat
C．Mice ran out of the fields looking for hiding place
D．Fish swam in the water as usual
2．Before the earthquake people were asleep as usual because ________.
A．they didn't notice anything strange happening
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn't realize the arrival of an earthquake
3．The title “A Night The Earth Didn't Sleep” means ________.
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．a terrible earthquake happened that night
C．people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
D．animals on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
4．What's the meaning of the last sentence“Slowly, the city began to breathe again.”？
A．People weren't sad any more.
B．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.
C．The earthquake finally came to an end.
D．Those who were trapped were saved.
Activity 3 Fill in the blank
in ruins buried bricks breathing breathing electricity trapped
1. The huge earthquake left nearly the whole city __________.
2. Everyone was __________, thinking the world must be coming to an end.
3. Millions of people were left without water, food or _________.
4. Soldiers and volunteers worked as hard as they could to pull away ________ and rocks, and rescue those who were _________ under the ruins.
5. Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injures, but others had already stopped ________ when they were discovered.
6. A few buildings were still standing, but people were afraid to use them as shelters, worrying they would be ________ if the buildings fell.
3Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Reading For Writing
【学习目标】
To write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.
【学习重难点】
To have a good understanding of how to write a summary about a news report.
【自主探究】
1. Lead-in
Step 1: Lead in
What is a tsunami What causes it Will it cause great damage to humans Watch the video and express your ideas.
Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
Read the news report and then solve the questions below.
1. What is kind of text type is
——————————————————————————————————
2. When and where did the tsunami happen
——————————————————————————————————
3. what caused the tsunami
——————————————————————————————————
4. Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies
——————————————————————————————————
Step 3: Read to sum up
1. After finishing the tasks above, the teacher leads students to figure out the summary of the news report.
And Check the main points it includes.
On 26 December 2004, a tsunami ________ (kill) more than 6,500 tourists，fishermen and many other locals in Southeast Asia. Thousands of people are ________ (miss) and the number of deaths is expected ________ (grow). The damage ________ (cause) by the tsunami is making it difficult for rescue workers to help the ________ (survive).
date time place event cause effect following events
2. Follow the steps below to write a summary for the first text called “the night the earth didn’t sleep.
Read the text and write a list of the main details.
●Strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake.
●An earth quake hit China ________________________China on 28 July 1976.
●_______________________________________________________________
●______________________________________________________________
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Step 4: Use what you have learnt to write a news report
台湾高雄于2016年2月6日发展8时57分发生了6.7级地爬，损失修重，请根据下表提供的信息，为某英语报社写一篇100词左右的新闻报道，报道的标题已给出。
受灾情况：大量房屋道路被毁;多人受伤，许多人下落不明；供水、供电中断。军队帮助寻找幸存者、挖掘被困人员、掩埋死者。
赈灾措施：从各地运送来淡水和食物；号召群众支援灾区；社会各界和广大民众自愿为灾区捐款。
A Terrible Earthquake
Your version:
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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1Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Listening and talking
【学习目标】
1. Learn disaster safety measures
2. Learn some words: wisdom context suffer volcano erupt supply
3. Phrases: in the open air
【学习重难点】
1. To learn to use different listening tips.
2. To talk about the related topic .
【学习过程】
Step 1 Look and discuss
What disaster safety measures do you know
Mrs Fors is a rescue worker. She and her dog, Lucky, are visiting a senior high school. Listen to the conversation and complete the table below.
Before an earthquake Make a safety list of to _____ , _______ and _______
During an earthquake (in a building) Remember to _____ , _______ and _________
During an earthquake (outdoors) Go to a(n) _____ space away from_______, _____ or power lines.
After an earthquake (if you’re trapped) Use a(n)________ to get help. Tap on a pipe or _______or whistle for help.
Step 2. Work in pairs.
Choose a disaster and prepare a list of safety instructions. The expressions below may help you.
Giving instructions
First/First of all, you should ... Cover your ... Call an emergency number.
Stay away from ... Stay calm. Listen to the news.
Make sure Stay indoors. Don’t drive or walk outside.
Move to a safe place. Collect water and food if you can. Finally, ...
Step 3 Having an emergency kit prepared is also very important. Look at the emergency supplies below. Discuss with a partner what else you would add.
①water and food for three days ②radio ③flashlight ④whistle ⑤first aid kit
Step 4 Report to the class the safety instructions you listed and then explain what emergency supplies people should keep on hand.
EXAMPLE
If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire, first of all, stay calm. Cover your face with Then go to a safer place if you can….
Now for our emergency supplies, we would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days, a radio, …
【知识探究】
1. suffer v. 遭受；患病
The crops are suffering from deficient rain.
庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
The people and the land suffer damage.
人们和土地都遭受损害。
suffer from 遭受
2. supply v. 提供
There is a good supply of books in the store.
这家店里有大量的书籍。
That boy has eaten through a week's supply in a day!
这小伙子一天就吃光了一个星期的食品!
supply sb with sth/ supply sth for sb 为某人提供某物
3. survive v. 幸存
Did anyone survive the explosion
那次爆炸事故中有人幸免吗
