仁爱版英语八年级上册 Unit 4 Topic 2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake 知识梳理

Unit 4 Topic 2 知识梳理
重点单词
strike(v.)——struck（过去式） shake(v.)——shook（过去式）
missing(adj.) ——miss(v.) build(v.)——built（过去式）——rebuild(v.)
sad(adj.)——sadder（比较级）——saddest（最高级） △normal(adj.)——unnormal（反义词）
downstairs(adv.)——upstairs（反义词） appear(v.)——disappear（反义词）
indoors(adv.)——outdoors（反义词）
二．词组
Section A
fall down 倒塌
another two terrible earthquakes 还有两个严重的地震
another + 大于1的数词 + 可数名词复数
=大于1的数词 + more + 可数名词复数
lose one’s life 失去某人的生命
protect sb. from sth./ doing sth 保护……免受……的伤害
ask sb. for help 向某人求助
ways to do sth. 做某事的方法
the missing people 失踪人口
the number of ……的数量
a number of 许多
Section B
hear about 听说
a level 7.1 earthquake 一场7.1级的地震
hurt more people 使更多的人受伤
lose one’s home 失去某人的家园
get the news 得到这条消息
run out of the door 跑出门
stay calm 保持镇定
the level of the earthquake 地震的等级
△forest fire 森林大火
Section C
more than=over 超过……以上
take a lift 乘坐电梯
go downstairs 下楼
sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事
in the middle of a room 在房间的中间
keep you safe 保证你的安全
close to 靠近
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
stay / keep away from 远离
try to do sth 尽力去做某事
get away from 远离
be careful of fallen power lines 小心掉下来的电线
be careful of sth. / be careful to do sth 小心某物/小心做某事
feel afraid 感到害怕
△move around 四处走动
call sb. for help 打电话求助
turn off/on the gas 关掉/打开煤气
jump off a window 从窗口跳出去
cover your face 遮住你的脸
Section D
with the help of the whole nation 在全国人民的帮助下
return to normal life 回到正常的生活
be able to do 能做某事
△start one’s life over again 再次开始生活
△send the army to help 派遣部队去帮忙
三．重点句子
1. The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was more serious than this one, but the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 was the most serious. 2008年的汶川地震比这次的更严重，但是1976年的唐山地震是最严重的。
2. I think the mobile phone is more useful than the telephone.我认为手机比电话更有用。
3. The computer is the most useful of the three.电脑是三个中最有用的。
4. Running out can be dangerous.跑出去是危险的。
5. Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm.记住，最危险的事情就是保持冷静。
6. If you are indoors when the earthquake happens, the safest place is under a strong table or desk.假如地震发生时你在室内，最安全的地方就是强壮的餐桌或课桌下面。
7. A terrible earthquake struck Qinghai. 一个可怕的地震袭击了青海。
8. It was a level 7.1 earthquake.这是一场7.1级的地震。
9. I think we should run out of the door.我认为我们应该跑出去门外面。
10. Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.知道一些保护你自己的方法将会帮助在地震中保护你的安全。
11. Stay away from windows, tall furniture and pictures or anything that may fall on you.远离窗户，高的家具和图片或者任何可能掉在你身上的东西。
12. But with the help of the whole nation, people in Wenchuan are rebuilding their homes now and they are returning to normal life.但是在整个国家的帮助下，汶川人民现在正在重建他们的家园，而且他们正在回到正常生活中。
13. How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake 我们要如何保护我们自己免受地震的伤害？
14. Sitting on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall is safer than standing in the middle of a room.坐在门口的楼梯上或者墙的附近比站在房间的中间更安全。
15. They sometimes can be more dangerous than the first earthquake.他们有时候可能比第一次地震更加危险。
四．知识点解析
Section A
1. A terrible earthquake struck Qinghai.
strike - struck - struck “侵袭，爆发，撞，撞击”
灾害的英文表达: rainstorm暴风雨, fire火灾, snowstorm暴风雪, typhoon台风, flood洪水, drought旱灾
2. Some people died and many people are missing.
die 动词 died dying
dead 形容词
death 名词
e.g. Tom’s mother was found dead in the bathroom. When his mother died, he felt very sad.
Now when he thought of her death, he can’t help crying.
3. More than 240000 people lost their lives in it.
lose one’s life “丧生”
lose one’s home “失去某人的家”
lose one’s way迷路
4. How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake
protect sb. from doing sth. “保护....免受.......伤害” 此处from不可省略。
keep sb. from doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，此处from不可省略。
prevent/ stop sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，此处from可省略。
5. the number of building falling down
the number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词单数,
a number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词复数，表示”许多……”
e.g.
The number of students is about twenty. 学生人数大约是20人左右。
6. I know that there were another two terrible earthquakes in China.
another 表示”再一， 又一”
another + 可数名词单数
another +基数词+可数名词的复数
other+可数名词的复数
Section B
1. Did you hear about the Yushu earthquake in Qinghai Province
hear 表示听的结果，过去式heard，后接do/doing
hear about/ of 听说关于某事的消息
hear from = receive a letter from sb. 接到某人的来信
2. I think we should run out of the door.
run out of 从……跑出；用完，耗尽
拓展：run away 走开，跑掉，逃跑
run after 追赶某人
3. Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm.
stay calm = keep calm 保持冷静
4. I was very sad when I got the news.
sad意为”悲伤的”，是形容词，名词形式为sadness
5. It killed more than two thousand people and hurt more.
more than= over 表示”多于”
Section C
1. Stay away from windows, tall furniture and pictures or anything that may fall on you.
furniture不可数名词，要表示一件家具就用a piece of furniture
get away from sth. 离开某物
get away from doing sth. 摆脱做某事
stay away from = keep away from =get away from 离开、摆脱、脱离
2. The danger is not over when the strong shaking stops.
(1) shake 摇动；动摇；震动; shake sb’s hands与某人握手
(2) shock 休克；震惊；打击；
(3) aftershock 余震, 可数名词
3. When it is safe for you to move around, check the people near you.
check over= look over仔细检查
4. Turn off the gas and lights.
turn off 意为”关掉(煤气、电器开关等)”，其反义词为turn on
词组扩展:turn up开大，turn down开大
5. Sitting on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall is safer than standing in the middle of a room.
动名词充当主语，谓语动词用单数
Section D
1. Five million people lost their homes.
当hundred, thousand, million, billion等表示不确定的书目时，常用复数形式；但是当这些词与具体数字连 用时，则不用复数形式，如five hundred; six million
2. But with the help of the whole nation, people in Wenchuan are rebuilding their homes now and they are
returning to normal life.
(1) whole 在本句中意为“全部的，整体的”，这与之前所学的all有什么区别呢？
① whole的后面大多数接单数名词，一般不能与物质名词连用，所以不能说the whole money，应该说
all the money
② all与复数名词连用时，有“所有”的意思；与单数名词连用时，有“整个的，全部的”的意思
③ whole与all在名词短语中的位置是不同的。whole用在冠词、名词所有格之后，而all则用在冠词、
名词所有格之前
He was studying the whole afternoon.
He was studying all the afternoon.
rebuild 重建；return归还；discover 发现；dislike 不喜欢；disappear 消失；disagree 不同意；
3. The people of Wenchuan are very brave, and they are starting their lives over again.
over again 意为“再次；重新”
4. Now a more beautiful new Wenchuan has appeared.
5. Sent the army to help.
sent 派遣,打发,寄
send for派人去请(取)， send up发射, send sb. off给某人送行, send a message捎口信
五．语法
形容词的比较级和最高级用法(Ⅱ)
形容词的比较等级部分双音节和大部分多音节形容词比较级和最高级的构成是在原形前加more或most。
原级 比较级 最高级
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
useful more useful most useful
exciting more exciting most exciting
形容词比较等级的基本用法：最高级：常用“如+最高级+比较范围”结构，比较范围常用of, in, among引导的短语表达。
例：China is one of the oldest countries in the world.中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。
The book is the most interesting of all the books.这本书是所有书中最有趣的。
She works hardest among them.她是他们当中学习最努力的。
(3) 形容词比较等级的特殊用法：
1)比较级与最髙级的结构可以转换，意思不变。
例：The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.在中国，长江比其他河流都长。
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中国，长江比其他任何河流都长。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
2)当某一事物与其他事物作比较时，被比较事物中不能包括本身。
例：He is taller than any other student in his class.他比班上其他学生都髙。
3)如果比较对象相同，可用that/those代替第二个比较对象。
例：The food in Sichuan is hotter than that in Guangdong. 四川的食物比广东的食物辣。
4)“the+比较级，the +比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
例：The more, the better.越多越好。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistake you’ll make.你越仔细，错误就越少。
5)表示两者中“较……”时，用“the+形容词比较级+ of短语”来表达。
例：Canada is the larger of the two countries.加拿大是这两个国家中较大的那一个。
6)形容词的比较级可用much, a little, a lot, even 等修饰，使原本的比较级在语意上更加明确。
例：Apples are much bigger than oranges.苹果比桔子大得多。
Let’s go to school a little earlier.我们早一点去学校吧。
The movie is even more interesting.这部电影甚至更有趣。
六．书面表达
最近某英语论坛正在讨论如何在地震中保护好自己。请根据下表提供的信息及参考词汇用英语写一篇简短的主题发言稿。
How to Protect Ourselves in the Earthquake
措施 1. 重要的是保持镇静；
2. 室内最安全的地方就是结实的桌子或书桌下面；
3. 记得用胳膊保护头部和颈部；
4. 室外时要远离建筑物和树，当心掉落的电线；
5. 注意余震。
要求：内容必须适当拓展。字数在90 左右。语言符合英语习惯，行文流畅、连贯，书写准确，工整。开头已给出，不计入总字数。
参考词汇：stay away from, important, safe, strong, neck, fallen, afternoon
【参考范文】
How to Protect Ourselves in the Earthquake
Many earthquakes happen every year.Many people lost their lives in the earthquake.
How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake
If we are indoor,The safest place is under a strong table or desk.We should sit on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall.Don't try to run out of the building.
If we are out of doors,move to clear areas.Be careful of fallen power lines.Get away from buildings and trees.
At last,the most important thing is to stay calm.
If we can do the above, we may be safer during the earthquakes.