仁爱版英语八年级上册 Unit 1 Topic 1 I'm going to play basketball. 知识梳理

Unit1 Topic1 知识梳理
重点单词
prefer——preferred (过去式) quite (十分，很，相当)——quiet (安静的)
skate——skating (现在分词) play (v.)——player (n.)
grow——grew (过去式) science (n.)——scientist (n.)
music (n.)——musician (n.) policeman——policemen (复数)
policewoman——policewomen (复数) postman——postmen (复数)
fisherman——fishermen (复数) spend——spent (过去式)
health(n.)——healthy(adj.)——fit(同义词) relax (v.)——relaxed/relaxing (adj.)
excited (adj.)——exciting (adj.) leave——left (过去式)
二．词组
Section A
see / watch / hear sb. do sth. / doing sth 看见/听见某人做某事
during the summer holidays 在暑假期间
have a basketball game ( against ) 进行篮球比赛
play against 与…比赛
cheer sb. on 为某人加油
win a game / match 赢得比赛
lose a game / match 输掉比赛
△beat sb. 打败某人
prefer sth / doing = like … better 更喜欢…
prefer…to…(接名词或动名词) 与…相比更喜欢….
join + 组织 加入组织
join sb. 加入某人的行列
join in + 活动= take part in +活动 参加活动
Section B
know … about 了解/知道…
play for 效力于…
grow up 成长
Section C
go cycling 去骑车
go mountain climbing 去爬山
spend + 时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事
spend +时间/金钱+ on sth 花费时间/金钱做某事
It takes sb.+ 时间/金钱+to do sth 某人花费时间/金钱做某事
sth. costs sb.+金钱 某人花费金钱做某事
be good at = do well in 擅长,精通….
be good / bad for 对…有益/害
practice doing sth 练习做某事
There is / are going to be… = There will be… 将有….
be sure that + 从句 肯定/确定…
make sb / sth + adj. 使某人/物…
keep sb / sth + adj. 使某人/物…
keep fit / healthy 保持健康
help relax 帮助放松
be popular with 流行/受欢迎
Section D
be excited 感到激动 be exciting 令人激动的
He is excited 感到激动的 an exciting film 令人激动的影片
be famous for … 因……而出名
be famous as … 作为……而出名
a famous soccer star 一个著名的足球明星
△China’s national team 中国队
stay in Beijing 呆在北京
for long = for a long time 长时间
all over the world 全世界
a good way to do… 做…好办法
arrive in + 大地方 arrive at +小地方 到达…
leave sp (地点) 离开某地
leave for sp (地点) 前往某地
46.leave A for B 离开A去B
三．重点句子
1.I’m going to play basketball.
我打算打篮球。
2.We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.
我们打算在星期天举行一场对抗三班的篮球赛。
3.--Are you going to join the school rowing team
--Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
--你打算参加学校的划船队吗？
--是的，我参加/不，我不参加。
4.--What are you going to be when you grow up
--I’m going to be a scientist.
--你长大想成为什么？
--我想成为一个科学家。
5.There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
下周末将会有一场学校运动会。
6.I hope our team will win.
我希望我们的队将会赢。
7.--Would you like to come and cheer us on
--Sure, I’d love to.
--你愿意来为我们加油吗？
--当然了，我很愿意。
8.--Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing
--I prefer rowing.
--你比较喜欢哪项运动，游泳还是划船？
--我比较喜欢划船。
四．知识解析
Section A
1. I often saw you play basketball every day during the Summer holidays.
(1) 常见的感官动词有：see, watch, hear, notice, smell等。
后可接 ① 动词ing形式，表此动作正在发生。
② 动词原形，不表此动作正在发生, 表此动作已完成或存在的事实。
e.g. He saw her cross the road. 他看见她穿过了马路。
I saw her dancing at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我看见她正在跳舞。
(2) during the summer holidays 在暑假期间。此处during表示“在……期间”
2. --- I hope our team will win.
--- Me , too.
(1) hope to do sth. /want to do sth. / would like to do sth.
hope + that从句
(2) win 赢得，胜利。可作及物动词或不及物动词。过去式为won, winner胜利者.
You know, we are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.
against 意为“对着；反对；靠着”。反义词是for。
e.g. He walked against the wind. 他逆风行走。
We are against war. 我们反对战争。
4. --- Would you like to come and cheer us on
--- Sure, I’d love to.
(1) Would you like + to do 表建议或邀请。常用I’d love to 或I’d be glad to来回答，不同意也常 用 “I’d love to, but… ” 来拒绝别人。如：
--- Would you like to play basketball with me
--- I’d love to, but I have a lot of homework to do.
(2) cheer sb on (以欢呼)激励某人，为某人加油，向某人欢呼
后接 名词，放在cheer on的中间和后面都可以；
人称代词，则必须放在中间。如：Our friends will cheer us on.
5. Both Michael and Kangkang hope their team will win.
both ... and ... 表示“两者都……”，做主语谓语动词要用复数形式。
6. --- Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing
--- I prefer rowing.
prefer 意为“更喜欢”，其后可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。如：
(1) --- Which do you prefer, apples or oranges 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪一个？
--- I prefer oranges. 我喜欢橘子。
(2) Many people prefer to live in the countryside. 很多人更愿意住在乡下。
prefer ... to... 意为“和……相比更喜欢……”。prefer A to B / prefer doing A to doing B.
(3) I prefer skating to swimming. 和游泳相比我更喜欢滑冰。
7--- Do you row much 你经常划船吗？
--- Yes, quite a lot. / No, seldom. 是的，经常。/ 不，很少。
quite a lot= quite a bit 经常/许多，大量
quite a lot of = quite a bit of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词复数、不可数名词）quite a lot of money/books.
quite a few = many相当多的 （修饰可数名词复数）quite a few apples.
quite a little = much 许多 （修饰不可数名词） quite a little information.
8. Are you going to join the school rowing club？
(1) join 加入（人群，组织） He joined in the game.
(2) take part in = join in = be in 参加（活动，比赛） I’ll be in the relay race. We’ll join the army.
Section B
1. He’s 2.26 meters tall.
与how构成的疑问词有：How tall(身高)多高; how high(山)多高；how heavy多重；how long 多长；How
wide 多宽；how deep 多深；how old 多大…. (how + adj.)
对应的回答常用“数词+量词+形容词”，如：1.70 meters tall; 2 kilometers high; 3 kilos heavy; 20 years old
扩展：a two-year-old boy，由连词符构成的合成形容词作定语时名词不用变复数。
2. He played for the Houston Rockets in the NBA.
play for 为某个队效力；
play against 与某个队比赛；
play with 玩某物/与某人玩
3. What are you going to be when you grow up
(1) grow up 长大成人。如：when I grow up, I want to work in Shenzhen.
(2) grow过去式为grew，做“生长”讲时为不及物动词，做“种植”讲时为及物动词。
I grew some vegetables in the garden but they didn’t grow much after one month.
Section C
1. She goes cycling twice a week and often goes mountain climbing on Sundays.
once a week, 一周一次twice a week一周两次, 三次或三次以上用“数字+times” 如：three times
扩展：对once a week提问，要用how often
2. She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day.
(1) spend some time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
spend还可用于“spend some time/money on sth.”在某事上花费时间/金钱。如：
I spend an hour in practicing English every day.
扩展：take, cost和pay也可指花费，但用法不同。
① take的主语一般是一件事，只用于固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.
② cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”。用于sth. cost(s) sb. some money 结构中。如：
The book cost me 30 yuan last week.
③ pay的主语是人，pay... for。如; He paid 5 yuan for this pen.
(2) exercise “体操、练习”，可数名词。 如：do morning exercises; do English exercises
“锻炼，运动”，不可数名词。 如：do exercise
“锻炼，运动”，动词。 如：She exercises every morning.
3. She is also good at jumping.
be good at…= do well in…擅长于… 如：I am good at English.= I do well in English.
be good for… 对…有好处，Running is good for your health.
反义词为：be bad at= do badly in 不擅长…. be bad for 对… 有害
4. Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.
(1) make/keep sb./sth. + adj 使某人/某物怎么样
make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人/某物做某事 如：
He made the girl cry.
I made him very happy.
(2) be popular (with sb.) 受喜爱的，受欢迎的。如：Jay Zhou is very popular with young people.
(3) all over the world 全世界。all over 到处，处处
Section D
1. He arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday.
表到达的有：① arrive at + (小地名)；arrive in +（大地名）
② get to + 宾语
③ reach + 宾语。如：
The plane is going to arrive at the airport soon.
They arrived in London yesterday evening.
How can I get there
I get to the station at 6:00.
When did you reach the station
2. But it’s too bad that the team isn’t going to stay for long.
(1) 主语是that从句部分，前用it 来代替它。因此这是一个含主语从句的复合句，其中that the team isn’t going
to stay for long 是主语从句。
It’s too bad that…= It’s a pity that…= It’s a shame that..很遗憾…..
扩展：It’s adj for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……
(2) for 与表示“一段时间”的词或短语连用。e.g. stay for two weeks 逗留两周
3. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
leave + 地点 “离开某地”
leave for + 地点 “动身前往某地”
leave + 地点 + for +地点 “离开某地去某地”
五．语法
一般将来时
1. be going to 结构
(1)含义
①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：
I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。
She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。如：
Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
句式
肯定句：主语+be going to do sth.
否定句：主语+be not going to do sth.
一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to do...？ 回答：Yes, 主语+be. / No, 主语+be not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to do...
2. will +动词原形
(1)含义
表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
①表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。如：
a. ---Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。
---I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
b. ---Would you like coffee or tea 您要咖啡还是茶？
---I will have a cup of tea, please. 我要一杯茶。
c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。
②表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如：
I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。
Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
表示许诺。如：
I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。
I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
【注意】
当主语是I/we时，尤其是在疑问句中，常使用shall, 表示征求对方的意见。
Where shall we meet this afternoon 今天下午我们在哪儿见面？
(2)句式
肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.
否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.
一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon
回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.
特殊疑问句：When will you/she/he/they go to play baseball
3. 温馨提示
(1)现在进行时表将来。
位移/状态改变动词come, go, start, leave, fly, begin, plan等用现在进行时表将要发生的事。如：
I’m coming. 我就来了。
Are you leaving tomorrow 你明天就要走了吗？
We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。
(2)一般现在时表将来。
①表示按计划要发生的事情。如：
The train arrives at 6:00. 火车将于6点到站。
when/if/as soon as等引导的时间、条件状语从句表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现）。如：
The meeting will start when he comes. 他一来，会议就开始。
If it’s fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall. 如果明天天气好，我们就去长城。
be about to do 意为“即将/马上做”。如：
He is about to leave. 他马上就要动身。
(3)there be表将来的结构。
肯定：There is going to be/There will be...
否定：There isn’t going to be/There won’t be...
一般疑问句：Is there going to be/Will there be...
六．书面表达
假如你叫杰克，下面是你同班同学的体育活动情况。请根据表格信息写一篇短文，不少于80个词。
Name Favorite sport How often Favorite player Dream
Steve swimming twice a week Sun Yang great swimmer
Marry tennis every day Li Na dancer
Jack football often Ronaldo scientist
【参考范文】
I am Jack. My favorite sport is football. I often play football with my friends. I like Ronaldo very much. I want to be a scientist in the future. This is my dream. Steve is my classmate. He is good at swimming. He goes swimming twice a week. His favorite player is Sun Yang. His dream job is to be a great swimmer. What about Mary Tennis is her favorite sport. She plays tennis every day. Her favorite player is Li Na. But her dream is to be a dancer.