仁爱版英语九年级上册 Unit2 Topic3 What can we do to protect the environment 复习讲义（无答案）

第六讲---Unit 2 Topic 3 What can we do at home to protect the environment
初中英语 年级
重难点 连词or and but和 while连接的复合句 ought to 的用法
【知识储备】 语法：并列句 1）并列句是由连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连成的一个新句子，即：简单句+并列连词+简单句。 2）常用并列连词和短语： 1、表示连接，常用的有and、not only…but also 、neither…nor等。 例： Right now it's the summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm. 眼下正是暑假期间，我帮助爸爸在农场里干活。 Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师，而且是我们的朋友。 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既不回家，他的父母也不寻找他。 2、表示转折，常用的有but、yet、sill、however、while等。 例： We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. 在美国的南方，我们种植稻谷，而在较冷的北方，人们种植小麦。 The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn't find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作己有几个月之久，但是仍然没有找到。 Certainly he apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 他的确道歉了，然而我不会原谅他。 Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens while hens could. 他反问他父亲，为什么他不能孵出小鸡，而母鸡却能。 3、表示选择，常用的有or、or else、otherwise、otherwise、either...or等。 例： They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 他们必须从炉火边拿走，不然就有可能烤糊的。 Take this bus or else you won't get there in time. 搭这辆公共汽车吧，否则你将无法及时到达那里。 Work hard, otherwise you'll be sorry. 努力用功，否则你会后悔。 Either you are mad or I am. 不是你疯了，就是我疯了。 4、表示原因，只有for一个词。 例： They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they 他们常常听说过大象，但从来没看到过，因为他们是瞎子，怎么能看到呢？ 5、表示结果，常用的有so、therefore。 例： It's time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 这是一年中收割稻谷的时期，因此，我每天都从早到晚的劳动。 He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他日夜工作，所以有能力买那辆跑车。 并列句的考点例析 例1：I help him _______ he helps me. We help each other. A. but B. and C. or D. for 例2： Don’t miss the bus, _________you'll be late for school. A. and B. or C. so D. but 例3：Get up early tomorrow, ________ you'll catch the first bus. A. so B. and C. but D. or 例4：Get up early tomorrow, _______ you'll miss the first bus. A. so B. and C. but D. or 语法练习题： （A）单项选择题 1. I thought the actor was famous, ________ none of my friends has ever heard of him. A. and B. or C. so D. but 2. Mary, put on your coat, _______ you’ll catch a cold. A. and B. or C. so D. but 3. Cross the road carefully, _______ you’ll keep yourself safe. A. so B. or C. and D. but 4. I really enjoyed your speech, _______ there were some parts I didn’t quite understand. A. because B. for C. until D. though 5. ________ Tom __________ Peter are fond of watching TV. A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor 6. Be careful, ________ you’ll make mistakes. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. This is my pen, ______ that is your pencil. A. in B. of C. and D. but 8. He is tall, _______ his son is short. A. when B. or C. while D. and （B）从方框中所给的并列词中，选出正确的一个，完成句子。 1. Open the door_________ let the cool air in. 2. There are few new words in the article, _________we couldn’t understand it. 3. I like beef, __________my father doesn’t like it. 4. We finished the homework quickly _______ it was very easy. 5. Be more careful, _______ you’ll have an accident. 6. It’s raining very hard, ________ we’d better stay here. 7. Claire wanted to buy a car, _______ he didn’t have enough money. 8. He’s always very careful, ______ he never makes any mistakes. 9. Take a raincoat with you, ________ you’ll get wet. 10. He kept on working outside, _________ it was colder and colder. Section A 1、We all know that you’re working for an organization that protects the environment. 译：我们都知道你在为一个环境保护组织工作。 work for… 为…工作 play for --- ______________ work as --充当，担当 work on---从事 work out --算出 work hard at ---在…方面工作努力 2、My main job is to help spread the message about protecting the environment. 译：我的主要工作使宣传有关环保方面的信息。 spread the message:散布信息 help sb. (to) do sth.---帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.---帮助某人某事 can’t help doing sth.---情不自禁做某事 3、We should reduce the waste we produce. For example ,we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags . 译：我们应该减少人为的浪费。比如，我们应该双面使用纸张，重复使用塑料袋。 use both sides of paper使用纸的正反面 reuse plastic bag重复使用塑料袋 4、So we encourage students to collect waste paper and soft drink cans. Then we sort them so that they can be recycled! 译：所以我们鼓励学生收集废纸和料瓶，然后我们把它们分类，以便能够被回收。 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Section B 1、You ought to shut off the lights when you leave a room. 译：你离开房间的时候应该随手关灯。 ought to---应该，应当 (情态动词，无人称，时态及数的变化) 表示责任, 义务或道义上应该…语义同should ought to的否定形式为ought not to do sth., 缩略形式oughtn’t to 疑问形式为Ought +主语 + to do sth. 肯定回答：Yes, 主 + ought. 否定回答：No, 主 + ought not. ought to 的反义疑问句中，附加疑问部分用ought或should疑问 练习： a. We ought to be polite to the old. 译：________________________________ b.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务活。You______ _______ ______ your mother ______ some housework. c.你不应该在墙上画画。You _______ _______ draw on the wall. d.我应该立刻去浇花吗？________ I ________ ________ the flowers at once shut off -- 关掉，切断，停止工作, 与turn off 同义。 turn on 打开 turn up 调高，开大 turn down 高低，关小 2、You’d better walk or ride a bike instead of taking a bus or a taxi if you travel a short distance. 译：如果你短距离旅行，最好步行或骑车而不是乘坐公共汽车或出租车。 ’d better = had better 可与任何人称连用，后接动词原形。 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 instead of代替，而不是 (介词短语) 3、It’s so easy to be a greener person. 译：成为一名环保使者真容易。 green 在此处不指颜色，而意为“环境保护的”。 It is /was +adj. +to do sth. 句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是：to be a greener person. 类似的句 有It is /was +adj. +of /for sb. to do sth. 当用来形容词来描述人的性格、特征、品质时，通常用of，这类 形容词有：kind , good ,nice, clever…, 当形容词用来描述事物的性质、特征时，通常用for. 这类形容词有:easy, difficult,important, hard… Easier said than done. 译：_______________________________________________ Actions speak louder than words.译： ______________________________________ Section C 1、Some countries use nuclear energy to produce power. 译：一些国家使用核能源来产生动力。 use sth. to do sth.=use sth. for doing sth. ---使用某物做某事 练习: a.在过去人们使用竹子写字.People _____ bamboo ______ ______ in the past. b.人们用风发电。People _____ wind _______ producing electricity. 区别：还有一些介词也可表示“用”，如：in，by, with a. You can solve the problem in this way. b.You can buy lots of things with the money. c.My father goes to the office by car. 2、Its key disadvantage is that the process requires a long time (up to 30days) and the high cost for its building. 译：它的主要缺点是这个过程很长（长达30天），并且成本很高。 a) key : 主要的，关键的 b) up to 达到，至多有…… c) high cost 费用高 英语中描述价格（price）、费用(cost)高/低常用high/low, 不能用expensive/ cheap. 3、In China, the best-known maglev train is the German-built one in Shanghai. 译：在中国，最有名的磁悬浮列车是由德国制造在上海投入使用的那辆。 German n. 德国人，德语。 作“德国人”时，其复数形式为：Germans. 德国： Germany 4、The train can reach a top speed of 431 km per hour. 译：这辆车最好时速可达431千米。 reach a speed of+具体速度 ---达到某个速度 at a speed of + 具体速度----以某个速度, 可用high, low, full等形容词修饰speed 。 Section D 1、They are trying to do what they can to protect the environment. 译：他们尽他们最大的能力来保护环境。 此句中what they can 做do 的定语；to protect the environment做句中的目的状语。 2、1) – How often do you use paper towels – Often. 2) – How long have you worked here – Twenty years. 3) – How soon will you arrive here – In five minutes. 4) – How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai – 860kilometers. 1）对时间的长度提问用：_____________，常用__________________________回答。 2) 对两地的距离提问用：________________ 3) 对频率“多长时间一次”提问用：______________，常用_________________________ 回答。 4) 表示“需要多长时间，过多久”提问用：_____________, 多用于将来时，常用__________ 回答。
【当堂小测】 1、根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1) We need a __________(向导)to help us go through the mountain. 2)Are there any _________(德国人)in your language training school 3)Be careful! There is a ___________(深的) hole at the front. 4) The printing factory used the very latest ___________(技术). 5) Everything is ready. I don’t __________(需要) anything else at all. 6) 乔的车达到了每小时120千米的速度。 Joe’s car reaches __________ _______ ________ 120 km per hour. 2、单项选择。 ( )1）It’s very kind______ you to help me with my chemistry. A, of B, to C. at D. in ( )2)----I like riding fast. It’s very exciting . ----Oh ,you mustn’t do it like that,_____ you may have an accident. A, and B, or C, so D, but ( )3) Wei Li doesn’t have much money , ____ she always enjoys herself and has a lot of good friends. A,so B,but C,and D, because ( )4) I like music ______ he likes sports. A. when B, while C, so D, or ( )5) “Reduce, reuse and _________ ”are called the three Rs. A,recycling B recycles C ,recycle D, recycled ( )6)We should encourage students ___________ the environment. A, protect B, protecting C ,to protect D. to protecting ( )7)______ I live near the sea, I am not a good swimmer. But B. Although C. If D. So ( )8)________ The movie will begin in a minute. A.Hurry up. B. Give up. C. Stay up. D. Put up . ( )9) Smoking is a bad habit _____it’s harmful to our health. A.and B. but C. while 　D. or ( )10)We can see many trees on ________sides of the road. A.every B. each C. both D. either ( )11)---Never _________! I believe you can make it . --- Thank you . I will. A.hurry up B. give up C. shut off D. run out ( )12) It’s getting dark, ________they are still working. A.and B. but C. so D. or ( )13)Take more exercise, _______you will be healthier. A.and B. but C. so D. for ( )14)We should give him one more chance. __________, he has little working experience. A. At last B.At least C. After all ( )15)---When Joe _________of money, nobody could help him . --- What a pity! A. runs out B. runs C. runs away D. runs to ( )16)We students ______tell lies. It’s not a good habit. A.should B. ought not to C. had better D. have to ( )17)He is tall _______his daughter is short. A.when B.while C. or D. and ( )18)----Remember to _______the lights when you leave the room. --- OK. I will. A.turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn up ( ) 19)Help others whenever you can _____ you’ll make the world nicer place to live in. A. or B. and C. but D. while ( )20) Cross the road carefully, ________ you’ll keep yourself safe . A. so B. or C. but D. and ( ) 21) Hurry up, ________ you’ll be late for the concert . A. or B. so C. but D. and ( ) 22) ---Tell us something about Canada, OK --- I’m sorry. ________ Jack _______ I have ever been there. A. Either, or B. Not only, but also C. Both, and D. Neither, nor ( ) 23) I always enjoy visiting London, ______ I wouldn’t like to live there. A. because B. so C. but D. and
【课后作业】 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1.—What will you do with these eggs – I’ll _____ them according to size. A. sort B. reduce C. prevent D. produce ( ) 2. – Please don’t throw away waste paper here and there. -- ______. A. It’s a pleasure. B. It’s very kind of you. C. Sorry, I won’t. D. OK. I will. ( ) 3. Be careful when you use that knife, _____ you’ll cut yourself. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( ) 4. -- _____ do you visit your grandparents – Once a week. A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How soon ( ) 5. Though the workers are tired, they don’t want to stop _____. A. working B. work C. to work D. works ( ) 6.Miss Wang knows little English, _____ she can’t understand the instructions on the box of the pills. A. so B. but C. and D. or ( ) 7. ______ the lights when you are not using them. It’ll save electricity. Turn on B. Turn off C. Turn down D. Turn up ( ) 8. It’s really clever _____ him to work out the problem. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 9. It’s necessary _____ us to keep the environment clean. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 10. The Internet can be used for _______ jobs. A. find B. to find C. found D. finding 二、完形填空 Some people say they have a solution to the problems of car crowding and pollution. In many cities, hundreds of people 1 bikes to work every day. In the New York City, some bike riders have even founded a group: Bike for a Better City. They say if more people ride bikes to work, there would be 2 cars and less dirty air. For several years this group has tried to gather help for bike riders. They want to have special roads 3 bikes only, because when bikes and cars use the same roads, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City thinks if there were bike roads, more people would use bikes. But no bike roads have been established 4 . Not everyone thinks it is a good 5 . Drivers don’t like it, and some shop owners don’t like it, 6 . And most people live 7 far from the city to travel by bike. Still, 8 has been done about it. On Saturdays and Sundays, the largest open park in New York is 9 to cars, and the roads may be used by bikes only, but the group still says this is not enough and goes on fighting 10 bike roads. I think there will be more bike roads in the future. ( )1)A.on B.ride C.by D.take ( ) 2)A.fewer B.less C.many D.more ( )3)A.until B.for C.as D.of ( ) 4)A.yet B.already C.still D.once ( )5)A.hope B.way C.help D.idea ( )6)A.so B.and C.also D.either ( )7)A.very B.quite C.too D.so ( )8)A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing ( )9)A.closed B.open C.opening D.closing ( )10 ) A.get B.to get C.ask D.to ask