【核心素养目标】Unit 2 Numbers Period 5 More Practice & Culture corner&Project教学设计

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
牛津深圳·广州版英语八年级上册第5课时教学设计
课题 Numbers 单元 Unit 2 学科 英语 年级 八
教材分析 More practice topics are counting before inventing numbers. People count in a lot of different ways. Students are required to read the text and complete the flowchart. The theme of Culture Corner is numbers from all over the world. Its main content is that people all over the world use different methods to write numbers. Chinese, Roman, British and Arabic numerals 1 to 5 are quoted in this paper. At the end of the article, a question was raised: Do you know how people in other cultures write numbers The title is a mini encyclopedia of numbers. In this project, students are required to make a mini encyclopedia. Exercise A asks students to discuss the topics of numbers in groups. Exercise B asks the group to decide on a theme and then do some research on it. The exercise text introduced that ancient Romans had different ways of writing numbers. Ask students to write a short passage by imitating the examples in the passage. By learning this lesson, students can learn about the different ways people write numbers around the world, understand the development process of ancient counting methods, complete the flow chart, and improve their reading ability. Understand the ways of writing numbers in different cultures in the world, and broaden students' horizons. Students can make a "mini encyclopedia" about numbers with their classmates. Cultivate students' thinking ability, ability to judge things objectively, ability to summarize and innovate, and strengthen students' sense of cooperation.
学习目标与核心素养 1.Knowledge objectives:①Master finger, toe, mark, token, clay, string, develop, system,Abacus, Hindu Arabic and the use of the phrase develop into, lead to.②Understand the different ways people around the world write numbers.2.Skill objectives:①Be able to guess the meaning of words and phrases such as toe, mark, token, the Hindu Arabic according to the picture and context.②Students can obtain key information from the reading materials, understand the development process of ancient counting methods, and complete the flow chart.③Students can work with their classmates to make a "mini encyclopedia" about numbers.3.Emotional objectives:①Students can conduct self-assessment on learning contents and reflect on their knowledge and shortcomings in learning.②Understand the ancient counting methods and wisdom.4.Thinking capacity(思维品质)Classify and summarize the information in the text, infer the logical relationship of the information, correctly and rationally express their views, and improve their thinking ability.
重点 ①Students can obtain key information from the reading materials, understand the development process of ancient counting methods, and complete the flow chart.②Students can work with their classmates to make a "mini encyclopedia" about numbers.
难点 Students can work with their classmates to make a "mini encyclopedia" about numbers.
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入新课 一、Lead inGroup discussion, how did people count numbers in ancient times tied knots Abacus counting rod结绳 算盘 算筹token代币 How did people count numbers in patient times Therefore, the learning content of this lesson is introduced. The students have a group discussion. After that, the teacher shows the pictures and completes the topic with the students. 教师使用图片导入活动，吸引学生注意力和学习兴趣。把枯燥的课堂教学变得活泼生动，有了图片展示，学生可更加直观地了解古人计数的方法。学生有了积极思考，和教师互动的动力，为学生进一步学习新的内容和知识做准备。
讲授新课 二、New words and phrasesLead the Ss to learn the new words and phrases:Lead the Ss to learn the new words and phrases:1. invention n.发明;创意;创造2. count v.计算;计数;记录3. in this way以这种方式;用这个办法4. token n.代币;专用辅币;代价券;礼券5. clay n.黏土;陶土6. develop into发展成为 7. system n.体系;制度;系统;制度8. lead to导致;通向三、完成教材第29页A和B。四、Words gameWhen the word appears, the student reads the word quickly.五、Exercises1.Read the text and fill in the blanks below with the correct picture numbers.1 2 3 4_______ people used their fingers, and even their toes_______ small marks on sticks and bones_______ tokens made from clay or small stones_______ the Hindu-Arabic system答案:2, 4, 1, 32.complete the flow chart about the development of counting methods.(1)First, people used _________________, they could count ____________.答案:their fingers and even their toessmall numbers(2)After that, they made _____________________, they could count ______________________,___________________, ___________________________________________________________.答案:the number of animalsthe days of the monthsmall marks on sticks and bonesthe amount of food(3)Then they used ___________________, 答案:tokens made from clay or small stones bigger numbers(4)Finally, they began to develop ________________________________.答案:systems of written marks This led to (5)_____________________.答案:the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9)3.完成教材29页B练习。4.Read the text and answer the following questions.①Did people use many ways to count things before written numbers were invented ②What did people use to count small numbers at first ③Why did people put the tokens on pieces of string ④However, they could only count small numbers in this way.The underlined word “in this way” refer to ⑤Which appeared earlier, the abacus or tokens 答案：①Yes, they did.②They used their fingers and even their toes.③In order to carry them around easily.④People used their fingers, and even their toes count small numbers.⑤Tokens.5.阅读课文，选择出正确的答案。( )1. Which can best explain the main idea of the passage Counting before numbers. B. Small and big numbers.C. Intelligent ancient people. D. Systems of written marks.( )2. Using small marks on sticks and bones helped people_____.A. stop counting numbers with fingers and toes.B. be able to count how many animals they had.C. invent written numbers for counting things.D. develop the abacus to count bigger numbers.( )3. The underlined word “them” in the passage refer to A. Stones. B. Numbers. C. Strings. D. Tokens.( )4. How many ways to count things are introduced in the passage A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.( )5. The Hindu-Arabic system (0-9) we are still using today was invented.A. before people own their food B. as soon as the abacus was madeC. after written marks appeared D. when counting days monthly答案:1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C6.阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Counting before numbersBefore the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways 1______count things.At first, people used 2 ______(they) fingers, and even their toes. 3_____, they could only count small numbers in this way.After that, they began to make small 4_____(mark) on sticks and bones. This helped them count 5_____(big) numbers. They used them to count things 6_____ the days of month,the amount of food and the number of animals they had.Then people began to use tokens made from clay 7______small stones. This helped them count even bigger numbers. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry themaround 8______(easy). This developed into tools like the abacus.Finally, people began to develop systems of 9_____(write) marks to show different numbers,and this 10_____ (lead) to the Hindu-Arabic system (0-9). We are still using this system today.答案：1.to 2.their 3.however 4.marks 5.big 6.like 7.or 8.easily 9.writing 10.led六、完成教材第30页“Numbers around world”和“self-assessment”。 七、完成教材第31页A,B和C练习。八、阅读短文，然后根据内容回答所提问题。The ancient Romans had a different way of writing numbers. They used letters from their alphabet. For example, the number 12 is "XII" (10 + 1 + 1).1=1 L=50 D = 500V = 5 C =100 M = 1,000X = 10 Today we still see Roman numbers in many places, for example on clock faces, on buildings or in books.1. What does this article talk about 2. What number does letter D stand for (代表) 3. How do you write 13 in Roman numbers 4. Do we use Roman numbers in books today 5. What's the time by the clock 答案:1.Roman numbers. 2. 500.3.XII. 4.Yes. 5. 1:53. /Seven to two.九、完成教材第32页D和E部分。 十、Language point1. Before the invention of written numbers, people used many different ways to count things.在文字数字发明之前，人们用很多不同的方式来计数。(1)invention n.发明;创意;创造; v. invent vt.发明;创造 inventor n.发明者;发明家 例句:The spinning wheel was a Chinese invention.纺车是中国人的发明。例句:He invented the first electric clock.他发明了第一个电动机械钟。 (2)count v.计算;计数;记录There are 12 weeks to go, counting from today.从今天算起还有12个星期。 (3)use...to do用...来做某事 We can use it to do some good.可以拿这笔钱做善事。 根据中文含义填空1.Keep a ______ (记录) of your calorie intake for one week.2.Fax machines were a wonderful _________ (发明) at the time.3.Students can even use them ___(用...来做某事) do their homework.答案:count;invention;to2. However, they could only count small numbers in this way.然而，他们仅仅以这种方式来算数目小的数。(1)however adv. 然而;不管怎样;无论如何例句:However it may be, I shall keep my word.无论如何，我都将信守诺言。 例句:A further obstacle has presented itself, however.然而，突然又出现了一个障碍。 (2)in this way以这种方式;用这个办法例句:Only in this way can the experiment succeed.惟有这样做，试验才能成功。例句:In this way, all of these animals are connected.这样的话，所有动物都相互联系了起来。 根据中含义填空①__________ (以这种方式) the children are introduced to sequential learning.②_________ (然而), he underestimates the scale of the problem.答案:In this way;However3. After that, they began to make small marks on sticks and bones.那以后，他们开始在棍子和石头上作小标记。begin to do sth.开始做某事,相当于begin doing sth.begin with....开始例句:Begin to do it at once.马上开始做。例句:I will begin to do!我要开始去做了！ 语法填空Miss Grant has the children stand in four lines and begin to ____the warm-up.答案：do4. This helped them count bigger numbers. 这帮助他们计算更大的数目。help sb.do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，动词不定式to常省略。也可用help sb. with sth. ;有时也可直接用help do sth.例句:Will you help me to do out the room on Sunday 你星期天来帮我粉刷房间好吗？例句:I'll find the people to help do it.我可以找人来帮忙。语法填空①Mother cannot get Mary to help ____ the housework, she always has her nose in a book.②Because goals can help you ___ and experience everything you want in life.答案:do;do5. They used them to count things like the ways of the month, the amount of food andthe number of animals they had.人们使用他们来算数，像月份的方式，他们拥有的食物的数量，动物的数目等。(1) the amount of “......的数量”后加不可数名词。例句:Gradually decrease the amount of vitamin C you are taking.逐渐减少维生素C的服用量。 (2) the number of....的数目”后加可数名词的复数形式。语法填空①People should decrease the amount ___ fat they eat.②The number ___students has been falling off recently.答案:of;of6.Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones.然后，人们开始使用黏土或小石头制成的代币。(1)token代币例句:The council gives old people free tokens.委员会发给老年人免费代金券。 (2)clay黏土例句:A clay mould is used for casting bronze statues.用黏土模具来浇铸青铜塑像。 (3)made from...在这里是过去分词短语作后置定语。根据中文含义填空①He studied sculpture because he enjoyed working with_____(黏土).②Some of the older telephones still only accept ______ (代币).答案：clay;tokens7. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.他们经常把代币放在一根绳子上，以便随身携带。so that“因此;以便”→so...that...“如此......以至于......”其中so后加副词或形容词,that后加句子。例句:I'll give you a key so that you can let yourself in.我把钥匙给你，你可以自己开门进去。 例句:He was so angry that he could not say.①Her parents made sacrifices so that ______ (因此;以便) she could have a good education.②He worked so hard_____ (如此......以至于......) his boss liked him very much.答案:so that;that8. This developed into tools like the abacus.这发展成为像算盘这样的工具。(1)develop v.发展;开发 例句:We need to develop local industries.我们需要发展地方工业。 (2)固定搭配:①develop into发展成为 例句:The fighting may develop into a full-blown war.战斗可能会发展成全面性的战争。 ②develop from从......中长出来〔产生出〕，（使）由....发展成例句:Most plants develop from seeds.多数植物都是由种子长成的。 (3)拓展:①developed=develop(e)+ed发达的(国家或地区);成熟的②developing=develop(e)+ing发展中的语法填空①Smoking can increase the risk of __________ (develop) heart disease.②Support key enterprises to develop _____ large and modern enterprise groups. 答案:developing;into9. Finally, people began to develop systems of written marks to show different numbers, and this led to the Hindu-Arabic system.最后，人们开始开发书写标记的方法来表示不同的数字，而这通向了印度阿拉伯系统。(1)system n.体系;制度;系统;制度例句:By that time the new system should be up and running.到那时这个新系统应该会运转起来了。例句:The new system is still in the planning stages.新体系仍处于规划阶段。 (2)lead to导致;通向 lead过去式是led; lead sb. to...把某人带领到......例句:A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。 根据中文含义填空①Abuse can _______ (导致;通向) both psychological and emotional problems.② Our value system does not match with their value ________(体系).答案：lead to;system The teacher shows the pictures of the words to the students for the first time, and teaches the students the pronunciation, spelling, meaning and example sentences of the words. The second time the teacher reads the words and shows the pronunciation of the words. The students follow. Finally, the teacher tests whether the students remember the pronunciation and meaning of the words.Students learn from the text that before the invention of numbers was written, people used many different ways to count. Before reading, teachers use pictures or multimedia to visually show the ancient counting methods, and guide students to have an overall grasp of the text content. After that, teachers can instruct students to use reading strategies to sort out the main contents of the article, and find the correct answers in the article according to the keywords defined in the flowchart. After completing the student flow chart, the teacher corrects the answers and mistakes. The teacher showed the pictures of the word game to the students and explained the rules of the game to the students. In the first step, the teacher asked several students to stand up and read out the words quickly and correctly when they saw them. If there is an error, the teacher will correct the pronunciation problem. The topic of exercise 1 requires reading the text. Fill in the blanks below with the correct picture numbers.The teacher first explains the requirements of the topic to the students. The students match the pictures with the people's counting method according to the text content. Exercise 2 requires you to complete the counting method development flowchart. Students read the text, mark out the information required by the topic in the text according to the requirements of the topic, and fill in the blanks.Culture Corner mainly introduces that people around the world write numbers in different ways. People from different cultures write 0-5 in Chinese, Roman and British. Today, most people in the world use Arabic numerals. Under the guidance of the teacher, the students check the pictures by category and connect them with several different writing methods.The content of the project is to ask the students to make a small digital encyclopedia. The students of activity a conduct group activities and brainstorm some topics about numbers using the following spider diagram. B activity group discussion to determine a topic and do some research. C first gives an example of the ancient Romans' different ways of writing numbers. Students should write a short passage in groups.The exercise is the outward bound training of activity C. students are required to read the passage and then answer the questions according to the content. The article puts forward five questions. Students use reading strategies and skills to find out the key words of each question and bring them into the original text to find the key information and write the correct answers. After the students write the answers, they should carefully check to avoid mistakes.The teacher supervises and guides the students to carry out group activities. The students make each page of the encyclopedia according to the requirements of the topic, and put all the articles together to form a small digital encyclopedia, and make directory pages for the encyclopedia. At the end of the activity, I designed the cover for the encyclopedia.The teacher summarizes the important language points of this lesson. The students take notes and use mind mapping to help them remember. Carefully listen to the teacher's explanation of examples, cooperate with the teacher to complete the classroom exercises, and test the knowledge points and weak links according to the results of the classroom exercises, so as to find out and fill the gaps. 单词教学是课堂教学基础部分，也是不可缺少的部分。单词教学能够帮助学生提升学生词汇量，纠正学生的读音，提高学生课文阅读能力，提高口语表达能力，培养学生语言交际能力。课堂讲解向学生传授知识，引导学生在原有认知的基础上感知、理解、巩固和应用新知识。通过解释说明，描绘情景，推导结论，使学生充分理解和掌握知识，使学生解决疑问和难点，通过讲解，使学生明确学习的目标，抓住重点，解决难点，掌握方法，从而引导学生更好地进行学习。单词游戏激发了学生学习兴趣，而且变被动学习为主动积极地思考。遵循规律，激发学习动机，创设意境，培养创新能力，提高学习能力，加强沟通，培养交际能力，活跃课堂气氛，游戏能有效促进孩子融入课堂，运用英语与教师进行交流，从而提高学生的口语表达能力。老师指导学生在课堂进行练习。阅读并根据课文内容把图片与描述配对，补充流程图。练习1的作用的让学生能够把图片和古人计数的方法配对，练习2的作用能够让学生掌握古人计数的发展过程。课堂练习是教师检查学生掌握知识点的课堂练习过程既能检查学生们对所学知识点的掌握程度，也能帮助学生巩固所学的知识点。课堂练习是学生掌握知识、巩固知识课堂练习是科学教学的重要部分，是学生学习知识、巩固知识，形成技能的重要途径，起着形成和发展科学认知结构的作用用。 教师让学生回答在其他文化中人们是如何写数字，并引导学生拓展学习古埃及象形数字，古代苏美尔人创造了巴比伦楔形数字，甲骨文数字，算筹，古希腊人创造了阿提卡数字，玛雅数字书写方式。文化角是跨文化交际部分，教师让学生了解世界上不同文化和国家书写方式，让了解我国历史文化的同时放眼世界历史文化，让学生拓展眼界，提高了学生的阅读能力和兴趣，也是学生了解西方的重要途径。Project A，B，C部分激发学生的想象力，培养学生获取，掌握知识的能力，搜集资料的能力。训练学生探究能力，逻辑思维能力，客观分析事物的能力，归纳总结能力，客观地和批判地看待问题的能力，创新能力，同时也训练学生的写作能力。练习是活动c的拓展训练，练习题主要的目的是检查学生对课文的掌握程度。检测学生掌握的知识点和易错点，学生根据练习结果进行自我评估，评估自身掌握的知识和不足，总结重点和易错点。教师根据学生的练习结果修改并制定教学计划。教师引导学生开展小组活动，训练学生小组成员间的小合作探究能力，语言表达能力，学生间沟通协调能力，客观分析问题的能力以及写作能力，小组探究可以帮助教师掌握引导学生通过探究学习的策略，提高教学质量。教师根据这节课的内容归纳总结知识点，让学生明白重点内容是什么，前后知识的联系，系统地理解和掌握所学知识，衔接前后知识。在教学运用总结归纳,把众多的语言点、语法点用串起来，便于学生理解巩固知识，减轻学生的学习压力，让英语学习变得轻松快乐。教师巩固本节课内容，简明扼要地归纳和总结本节语言点。语言点归纳重点学习的内容，便于学生理解巩固知识。总结重要语言点和句型的同时结合典型例题，学生在实际联系中检验自己掌握的知识，根据做题的正确程度制订学习计划。
课堂练习 一、短文汉语提示填空Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词）：Chinese people are used to thinking the numbers 6, 8 and 9 are lucky ones, but how about 142857 This number seems common, but it is the most amazing number in the w 1 . Why Let’s look at a few facts about this number.First, get the number multiplied by 1 to 6 and all the results are amazing b 2 they are made up of the same numbers but in different orders. For example, 142857 multiplied by 2 is 285714 while 142857 multiplied by 6 is 857142. S 3 , if it is multiplied by 7 and we get a more amazing number 99999. Third, the number is multiplied by i 4 and we can get a super large number 20408122449. However, when we a 5 the front five numbers to the back six numbers, we get the same number 142857 again. Is it amazing In fact, people found this mysterious (神秘的)number inside the pyramids (金字塔)of Egypt. People also discovered the number is linked to seven days of a week. So you see, nature is r 6 amazing. And we can learn a lot from it.答案：参考答案：1．world 2．because 3．Second 4．itself 5．add 6．really 【分析】本文介绍了一串神秘的数字142857，这串数字分别乘以1到6，会得到由这些数字按不同顺序组成的另外一串数字，乘以7会得到99999，乘它本身会得到20408122449，人们在金字塔中也发现了这一串数字，它与一周七天也有联系。1．句意：这串数字很普通，但它是世界上最神奇的数字。后文提到了the pyramids（金字塔）of Egypt. 根据首字母提示，in the world 固定短语，故答案为world。2．句意：首先，让这串数字分别乘以1到6，结果是神奇的，因为结果由这些相同数字组成只是顺序不同的另外一串数字。依据本句前面all the results are amazing结果是神奇的，与后文的they are made up of the same numbers but in different orders结果由这些相同数字组成只是顺序不同的另外一串数字，前后存在因果关系，故答案为because。3．句意：第二，这串数字乘以7我们会得到更神奇的数字99999。结合首字，第二段开始的first，以及后文的third，中间缺少第二，故答案为Second。4．句意：这个数字乘以它本身，我们会得到一个超级大数字20408122449。Be multiplied by乘以，后面不是一个数字，所以这儿应该是乘以本身，故答案为itself。5．句意：当我们把前面的五个数字和后面的六个数字相加的时候,我们又得到了一样的结果142857。结合首字母，以及所学词组add…to…把……加到……上，故答案为add。6．句意：自然界真的很神奇。amazing惊奇的，是形容词，前面应该用一个副词来修饰，结合首字母，really真正地，故答案为really。二、书面表达Write a passage of at least 60 words on the topic“The Importance of Numbers":Suggested questions:1. Do you use numbers in your daily life 2. How can we use them 3. What do you think of them [答案] The Importance of Numbers Numbers are very important in our daily life. Maths teachers use numbers to teach us how to do calculations and solve problems. We read numbers from newspapers to know the information and facts. When we go to the supermarket, numbers can be seen everywhere to show the prices. Without numbers, it will be difficult for us to even tell the time. Our life will be difficult without it.[详解] 1.题干解读:这是一篇材料作文,根据材料中的相关提纲信息介绍一下数字的重要性。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点;再根据提示问题内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。2.例文点评:主要从以下三方面: 1. 数字随处可见，我们用数字算术,解决问题; 2.我们从报纸上读数字来了解信息，在超市里通过数字知道价格; 3.个人认为没有数字生活将非常困难。注意作文中必须材料卡片上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。在写作过程中，要注意句与句的过渡平稳、自然流畅。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密。3.高分亮点:(1) Maths teachers use numbers to teach us how to do calculations and solve problems数学老师用数字教我们怎样做算术和解决问题。(2) When we go to the supermarket, numbers can be seen everywhere to show the prices.当我们去超市时，数字随处可见来表明价格。can be seen是含有情态动词的被动语态。 Students will review the key words and sentence patterns learned in this lesson and practice after class. After completing the exercises after class, check the errors in the exercises and make a learning plan according to the errors. 对课堂教学进行评价，了解教学各方面的情况，从而判断它的质量、成效和缺陷。客观的检测评价工作不仅能提高学生学习效率的重要途径。,而且能根据检测解释成绩不良的原因, 并通过课堂检测找出主要原因。课堂检测可以反馈学生的学习效果。对学生的学习状态起到一个很好的监督作用，同时教师也可以布置相应的训练任务，有效地帮助学生夯实自己的单词基础，对自己之前学习过程中出现的难点和弱点，及时进行巩固。
课堂小结 More exercises are about counting numbers before inventing them. People count in a lot of different ways. The subject is a small digital encyclopedia. In this project, students need to make a small digital encyclopedia. Students write a short essay by imitating the examples in the text. By learning the knowledge of this lesson, students can understand the different ways people write numbers around the world and the development process of ancient counting methods. Understand the ways of writing numbers in different cultures in the world, and broaden students' horizons. Students can make a "mini encyclopedia" about numbers with their classmates. 通过总结和反思，有利于教师发现教学中的问题。对课堂教学进行归纳梳理，帮助学生理清所学知识的层次结构,形成知识系列及一定的结构框架。小结能促进学生掌握知识总结规律，学生明晰了重点，强化了考查的内容;学生明晰了难点，学生明晰了易错点，可以找到做错题的原因，通过小结，学生整理、复习巩固教材知识，为后面的学习和运用打下基础。
板书 New words and phrases:1. invention n.发明;创意;创造2. count v.计算;计数;记录3. in this way以这种方式;用这个办法4. token n.代币;专用辅币;代价券;礼券5. clay n.黏土;陶土6. develop into发展成为 7. system n.体系;制度;系统;制度8. lead to导致;通向
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