高考英语阅读理解专项训练：学校生活类（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 高考英语阅读理解专项训练：学校生活类（含答案与解析） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 267.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-25 23:38:19 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解
Our school is going to add different kinds of labor courses. The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills.
Enjoying a Good Meal
Do you want to be a good cook If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm every Thursday.
Becoming a Master in Cleaning
You must have experienced such a situation:you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 pm.
Planting Your Hope
This course is special because teachers show you skills out of classrooms. Students will plant flowers, vegetables and some trees with teachers’ help. If weather allows, you can take the course every day between 4:30 pm and 6:00 pm from September 20 to October 31.
Experiencing Farm Life
Have you ever dreamed of feeding animals or picking fresh fruit on the farm This course can make your dream come true. You will take the course from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm every Friday this term.
Click here to visit our school’s website to know more about the labor courses.
1．What do you have to do if you want to learn to be a cook
A．Bring some cooking materials. B．Have classes out of classrooms.
C．Have some experience in cooking. D．Be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm on Thursday.
2．What may bring to you if you learn from Miss Rome
A．Finding cleaning not difficult. B．Spending more time cleaning.
C．Getting a job as a room cleaner. D．Becoming interested in cleaning.
3．How often does the course “Experiencing Farm Life” take place
A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Once a term.
4．Who may the text be written for
A．Parents. B．Students. C．Farmers. D．Teachers.
King’s College Summer School
King’s College Summer School is an annual (一年一度的) training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year’s summer school will be from July 25 to August 15.
More information is as follows:
Application dateStudents in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2022. Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2022. Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2022. CoursesEnglish LanguageSpoken English: 22 hoursReading and Writing: 10 hoursAmerican History: 16 hoursAmerican Culture: 16 hours
StepsA letter of self-introductionA letter of recommendationThe letters should be written in English with all the necessary information. CostDaily lessons: $ 200Sports and activities: $ 100Travels: $ 200Hotel service: $ 400You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.
Please write to:Thompson, Sanders1026 King’s StreetNew York, NY 10016, USAE-mail: KC-Summer-School@
5．How many hours will a student take if he or she chooses Spoken English and American Culture A．38. B．32. C．22. D．16.
6．Which of the following information is True about King’s College Summer School
A．Foreign students should send their applications before July 18, 2022.
B．Sports and activities will be free of charge.
C．Courses are given by King’s College Summer School only.
D．Trips to museums and culture centers are offered by King’s College Summer School.
7．How much will you cost if you are to live with your friends in New York
A．$ 900 B．$ 500. C．$ 400. D．$ 200.
Mr Doyle strolled into our classroom — all limbs and high-end literature. And from the moment he opened his mouth, he started opening our minds.
We were a bunch of awkward twelve-year-old’s — in our first year of secondary school at JannaliBoys’ High in Sydney’s south. To say that JBHS wasn’t well-known for its attachment to academia would be an understatement (轻描淡写). To say it celebrated the arts over sport or humanities over science would be a flat-out lie. But in the grand tradition of all good public high schools, if you wanted to learn, there was opportunity. You just had to dodge (躲开) the fruit fights at lunch time to find it.
Mr Doyle was our English teacher and ‘The Wind In ‘The Willows’ was our text. While other English teachers would read each chapter out loud — their monotone barely penetrating (穿透) the heaviness of a Sydney summer afternoon — Mr Doyle would act out every part. Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad all came vividly to life in that little classroom. The words sprang off the page, the music of language was given life. And a lifelong love affair with books took root.
One afternoon, for no apparent reason, Mr Doyle marched us out onto the oval. Confused but excited, we lay down on the grass and stared up at the sky while Mr Doyle recited poetry. It was all very Dead Poets Society.
Then, after term one school holidays, we all came back to discover Mr Doyle had disappeared. Weeks later, he appeared in Pizza Hut commercial, and months after that, he starred in the Bodyline mini-series. We were all star struck. Knowing someone who was on the telly was the height of amazing back then.
I met up with Mr Doyle twelve years later. I had gone on to become a young journalist and he had gone on to become an admired and wildly-successful radio and TV broadcaster — better known to the country as Rampaging Roy Slaven.
John Doyle, you were #theteacherthatshapedme and I salute you.
8．What can we learn about JBHS
A．It has a flexible school policy.
B．It is criticized for its tough discipline.
C．It lacks a satisfactory learning environment.
D．It is famous for its high academic standards.
9．What do the underlined words “Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Fictional characters. B．The author’s classmates.
C．Book titles. D．Mr Doyle’s colleagues.
10．Which of the following words best describe John Doyle
A．Caring and mild-mannered. B．Passionate and well-trained.
C．Talented and sympathetic. D．Dynamic and unconventional.
11．What type of writing is this text
A．A biography. B．A blog post. C．A letter. D．A fantasy story.
We offer four kinds of courses. Each course has been designed to help students according to their needs.
Course 1: General English
General English is designed to develop students’ basic communication skills in Speaking and Pronunciation, Reading, Listening, Writing, Grammar and Vocabulary. Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.
Course 2: Academic English
Academic English is for students who want to take the IELTS exam or for those who need to use English in a professional area. Monday to Friday: 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $150 per week.
Course 3: High School ESL
Why not make the most of your time studying in Australia with the help from TIES We have High School ESL classes each week specifically designed for international students. Tuesday to Friday: 8: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $25 per hour.
Course 4: One on One
If you are interested in some One on One lessons with TIES teachers, we can design a course to meet your needs. One on One lessons can improve your English language skills more quickly and help students who want to take TOEFL. Tuesday to Friday: 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $80 per hour.
12．What had you better choose if you want to take IELTS
A．General English. B．High School ESL.
C．One on One. D．Academic English.
13．What is the right time for attending the General English course
A．9: 00 am. B．11: 00 am. C．2: 00 pm. D．4: 00 pm
14．What can we learn about One on One according to the passage
A．Its lessons are given in the morning.
B．It’s more expensive than the other courses.
C．It’s especially designed for English beginners.
D．Its lessons are designed to only improve writing skills.
2021-2022 Haynes Bridge Middle School Talent Show
Important Information:
Audition（试演）will be held on Friday 10/29, Saturday 10/30, Sunday 10/31.
Dates for rehearsals（排练）and performances:
1st Rehearsal --- Monday, November 15th 4:15-5:45
Dress Rehearsal --- Wednesday, November 17th 4:15-6:00
Talent Show Performance --- Thursday, November 18th at 6:00-7:30
All participants must be available to attend all dates!
Rules & Regulations:
1. Auditions are open to all HBMS students. Students may enter the talent show as a solo act or a group. (Group can be no more than 6 students.)
2. Acts must be no more than 3 minutes in length. An act that runs longer may be selected under the condition that it be cut down to the 3-minute maximum.
3. The show will be about 1.5 hours long. There will be about 25 acts selected, possibly a few more if some run under the 3-minute maximum.
4. Tryouts（选拔赛）are closed to anyone other than students who are auditioning and the judges. This includes relatives, friends, and other students.
5. Students must be in attendance at school in order to participate in an extracurricular activity. This includes all talent show events.
6. Failure to attend your scheduled audition and any of the scheduled rehearsals --- except in the case of illness or extreme emergency --- will result in you being excluded from the show.
7. If the act has been changed from its original audition without permission, or, if it is not well prepared, it will be dropped from the show.
15．When will the first rehearsal be held
A．On October 29th. B．On October 31st.
C．On November 15th. D．On November 18th.
16．How long can each act last at most
A．3 minutes. B．6 minutes.
C．25 minutes. D．1.5 hours.
17．Which of the following students might enter the show
A．Lucy who will become a member of HBMS next year.
B．Frank who changes his program without permission.
C．Lisa who has been absent from HBMS recently.
D．Bruce who misses the rehearsals due to a cold.
School Uniform Design Contest
We are excited to announce a School Uniform Design Contest! With the upcoming TetraWizard Tournament, one of the little questions is what the school uniforms look like at the visiting schools. For around two, we will be designing uniforms for Durmstrang Institute, hidden away in northern Scandinavia!
Requirement: Red is an important color for the school and should be featured.
Consider: … uniforms for boys and girls, any marker for discipline
The Movie: You are not required to consider the school uniform depicted in the movies as the standard, but you may be inspired by that design if you wish! We’re leaving it up to the members to decide how close (if close at all) we’d like to mimic the movie design.
Format: Any format is acceptable! Here are some suggestions…
A detailed written description
Hand-drawn art
Photographs or a collection of images
Entries: You may work in teams if you wish, and multiple entries per writer are permitted.
The deadline is October 27, 2021.
Please submit your entries to the Absit Omen Curator account.
As soon as the entries are in, we’ll vote! The most popular result will become the official uniform for Durmstang. We’d love to be able to post the new uniform online.
18．What do we know about the contest
A．It focuses on sports. B．It refers to the TetraWizard Tournament.
C．It involves skills in clothes designing. D．It requires participants to wear uniforms.
19．What should the uniforms mentioned in the contest be like
A．They are for girls especially.
B．They should feature red.
C．They look quite different from those in the movies.
D．They should be easily distinguished by their markers.
20．What is the requirement for participants
A．They can work in groups. B．They should submit only one entry.
C．They can submit after October 27, 2021. D．They should avoid photographs in their submission.
Ballet
Ballet teaches grace, posture (姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet items (物品), expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classical ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class.
Age: 8—10
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 10:30 am—12:00 am on Saturdays
Creative Movers
Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.
Age: 3—5
Date: September 7, 2019—January 18, 2020
Time: 9:00 am—9:45 am on Saturdays
Jazz
Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional Jazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample (示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students’ personal dance goals.
Age: 5—6
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 2:00 pm—3:00 pm on Saturdays
Hip Hop
Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including Popping, Locking, Breaking and Tutting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop skilled instructers will provide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.
Age: 7—10
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 1:00 pm—2:00 pm on Sundays
21．Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children
A．Ballet. B．Creative Movers. C．Hip Hop. D．Jazz.
22．What can students do in the jazz class
A．Make use of all the ballet items.
B．Learn the long history of jazz.
C．Dance with famous modern jazz dancers.
D．Get to know jazz-style rhythms and movements.
23．What is special about the hip hop class
A．It is open in the afternoon. B．It is available on Sunday.
C．It teaches traditional dances. D．It has the most skilled teachers.
The science of your wellbeing
This course covers the real science of better health and happiness. With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.
What will you learn
·Why the brain makes habits hard to break.
·Techniques that can help you break bad habits.
·Achievable steps to improve your diets.
·Activities to help you remain healthy.
·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.
Who is this course suitable for
·This course is suitable for students at all levels.
·You may be considering a career in nutrition or fitness and a basic understanding of diets, nutrition and exercise.
·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application.
Who are your instructors
·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.
·Jason Gill: He’s a professor of exercise and health at the University of Glasgow. He studies the effects of exercise and diets on the prevention and management of diseases.
·Jacky Forsyth: She’s an associate professor at the School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University. She focuses on developing research and study on women in sport and exercise.
·Bruce Hood: He’s a professor of Developmental Psychology in Society at the University of Bristol. His research interests include the science of happiness, and inhibitory control of thoughts and actions.
24．What can we do if we take the course
A．Take part in research activities. B．Get science-based suggestions.
C．Interview some experts. D．Taste healthy dishes.
25．Who may be interested in the course
A．People who tend to be physically active. B．People who have many bad habits in life.
C．People who are applying to dream colleges. D．People who want to succeed in their career.
26．Which instructor is also a writer
A．Giles Yeo. B．Jason Gill. C．Jacky Forsyth. D．Bruce Hood.
He Jiang, a postgraduate in biology, will become the first Chinese student to give a speech in the commencement(华业典礼) at Harvard University on May 26, 2016.
Given the highest honor by the university. He Jiang, who was born in a small village in Hunan Province, said,“People in China often believe that it's useless to study and children from the countryside cannot be successful in the future. However,I cannot agree with them. Education can change a person's life.I hope my experience can encourage the students from the countryside to spare no effort in study and make their dreams come turn.”
Different from many other families in the village, his parents never thought about finding a job in big cities and leaving their two sons at home without their care.His farther was strict about their studies. He and his younger brother studied at home while the other kids in the village played in the fields. Unlike his strict father, his mother took her sons' side when her husband scolded the boys. She preferred to sit with her sons when they studied rather than chat with other women in the village.
Getting the chance to speak at the commencement is no accident. During his first days in Harvard,it’s quite difficult for him to follow the professors in class and he was speechless in campus because of his poor English. Instead of giving up, He Jiang spent all his free time on English. He also made friends with natives to improve his speaking English. One year later, he had little difficulty in class and soon became one of the top students in his class. With the encouragement from Professor Diana Eck, He Jiang decided to apply (for the chance to speak at the commencement.“Few Chinese students had applied before, but I wanted to have a try. I just want to realize my idea of letting more people hear the voice from China and telling them that China is not what it used to be,”said He Jiang. After beating three students from Harvard Kennedy School in the third and final round, He Jiang made it to get the chance to speak at the commencement.
He Jiang will go to Massachusetts Institute of Technology after graduating from Harvard.
27．The underlined part means”________”.
A．get ready for study B．enjoy themselves in study
C．try their best in study D．be interested in study
28．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．He Jiang's parents never tried to find a job in a big city.
B．Both of He Jiang's parents were very strict with him.
C．He Jiang is the only child in the family.
D．He Jiang often played in the fields with other kids in the village.
29．From the passage,we can know that________.
A．like father, like son B．the early birds get worms
C．practice makes perfect D．where there is a will, there is a way
30．Paragraph 4 mainly tells us________.
A．how He Jiang got the chance B．how hardworking He Jiang was
C．why He Jiang applied for the chance D．what He Jiang studied in Harvard
When you finish high school or university, is learning done The answer is “no”. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important How can it help you Let’s look at one example of lifelong learning in Japan.
Why is lifelong learning important
You go to school and learn. You take tests. But learning doesn’t only happen in school. And learning doesn’t stop when you graduate from high school or college. You are learning all the time. For example, learning can happen when you go to a museum. It can also happen when you get a job. You learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip. Learning is life! We never stop learning. Every day, you can improve yourself by learning something new.
Lifelong learning in Japan
In Japan, life learning is very important. People in Japan like to try new learning activities. Music, calligraphy, flower arranging, and foreign languages are some of their favorite classes. The Japanese take classes to improve their skills and learn new things.
Conclusion
When we graduate from school, we can continue to learn. Make lifelong learning one of your goals!
31．Why is lifelong learning important
A．It helps you improve yourself. B．It’s the best way to learn.
C．It’s fun and easy. D．It’s an important goal.
32．Some people in Japan take foreign language classes to________.
A．get a job B．learn new things C．get good grades D．finish college
33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Learning only happens in school.
B．When we graduate from school, learning is done.
C．You can’t learn anything when you play a sport.
D．Music, calligraphy, flower arranging and foreign languages are popular classes in Japan.
34．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Learning can be fun. B．We are always learning in school.
C．People can learn all their lives. D．Finishing high school is important.
For 40 years, Miss Smith stood in front of her classroom, and “Open your notebooks and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of feeling to paper that was the aim.
She knew students in the adolescence needed to develop their own guidance systems. Most of the notebooks were filled with meaningless sentences like looking forward to tacos (炸玉米饼) for lunch and describing in detail the teacher’s desk, or line after line stating I don’t know what to write. Regardless, Miss Smith read every page and, in neat red handwriting, wrote down words of encouragement and praise.
Before she passed away, she remembered the thousands of students she had taught. Some of them were the writers who made her proud; they sent her letters thanking her for getting them to think.
But the ones she remembered most were those who found a way to express their feelings through pen and paper. There were some boys who couldn’t find the courage to stand up to an abusive (虐待的) father but found comfort in a few words. There were some girls in pain over refusal by classmates, and some who had deep traumas (精神创伤). The first sentence in their notebooks read, “Please don’t read this.”
The letter Miss Smith remembered most was from a young man named Rob, some years after he quietly wrote meaningless sentences in his notebook just to get by in her class. He told her that his parents were addicted to wine, that there seemed to be no future for him, and that he knew he was a mistake to them. But she made him feel like he was “more”. He said he’d stayed alive to see what that “more” was going to be.
35．Why did Miss Smith encourage her students to write
A．To train their handwriting.
B．To raise their writing speed.
C．To let them correct mistakes.
D．To express themselves in writing.
36．How did Miss Smith deal with her students’ writing
A．She took it seriously.
B．She wrote meaningless words.
C．She talked with them about it.
D．She read them occasionally.
37．What did the students in paragraph 4 write about in their notebooks
A．Their future plans.
B．Their happy families.
C．Their sufferings.
D．Their views on teachers.
38．How did Rob feel in his letter
A．Confused. B．Hopeless.
C．Excited. D．Grateful.
“For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children teach others while learning themselves One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟或姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge (前沿的) tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help. Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agents solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
39．What are researchers rediscovering through their studies
A．Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today. B．Better learners will become better teachers.
C．Human intelligence tends to grow with age. D．Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
40．What do we learn about Betty’s Brain
A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development.
C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students.
41．How does teaching others benefit student tutors
A．It makes them aware of what they are strong at.
B．It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.
C．It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
D．It enables them to better understand their teachers.
42．What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning
A．Their sense of responsibility. B．Their emotional involvement.
C．The learning strategy acquired. D．The teaching experience gained.
Better grades might be found on the playground. A new study of elementary-age children shows that those who were not part of an after-school exercise program tended to pack on a particular type of body fat that can have deleterious impacts on brain health and thinking. But prevention and treatment could be as simple as playing more games of tag (捉迷藏，捉人游戏).
Most children do not meet the federal health guidelines for exercise, which call for at least an hour of it a day for anyone under the age of 18. Physical inactivity can result in weight gain especially around the midsection-including visceral (内脏的) fat, a type of tissue deep inside the abdomen (腹部) that is known to increase inflammation(炎症)throughout the body. It is also linked to heightened risks for diabetes and cardiovascular complications (并发症) even in children, and may contribute to declining brain function. Obese adults often perform worse than people of normal weight on tests of thinking skills.
But little has been known about visceral fat and brain health in children. For a soon-to-be-published study, researchers from Northeastern University in Boston and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaion tracked hundreds of 8-to-10-year-old children in a nine-month after-school exercise program in Urbana. Every day, one group of children played tag and other active games for about 70 minutes. The subjects in a control group continued with their normal lives, with the promise that they could join the program the following year. All the children completed tests of fitness, body composition and cognitive skills at the start and end of the program. The researchers did not ask the children to change their diets.
After the trial the exercising children who were obese at the study’s onset had less visceral fat relative to their starting weight, even if they remained overweight. They also showed significant improvements in their scores on a computerized test that measures how well children pay attention, process information and avoid being impulsive. Notably a similar effect was observed in children whose weight was normal at the start. Across the board the more visceral fat a child shed during the nine months of play, the better he or she performed on the test.
The children in the control group, in contrast had generally added to their visceral fat; this was particularly true among those who were already obese. They gained on average, four times as much visceral fat as the normal-weight children in the control group, and also did not perform as well on the subsequent test. Lauren Raine, a postdoctoral researcher at Northeastern University who conducted the study with Charles Hillman and others, says that the trial was designed to study aerobic fitness and children’s ability to think not the relation of abdominal flab to inflammation. But a reduction in overall inflammation very likely plays a role because it is thought to be unhealthy for the brain. More broadly, Raine says the study suggests that getting children to run around won’t just enhance their bodies-it might also improve their report cards.
43．What does the word “deleterious” in Paragraph One probably mean
A．inevitable B．vigilant C．harmful D．beneficial
44．It can be inferred from the research conducted by researchers from Northeastern University in Boston and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that________.
A．games may help reduce visceral fat in children and thus improve their brain power
B．obesity contributes to declining brain function in children
C．children have fewer weight-related health and medical problems than adults
D．obese children have trouble staying focused and paying attention
45．According to Lauren Raine, the main focus of the study is ________.
A．to find the relationships between physical activity and health in children
B．to discover the relationships between obesity and health problems in children
C．to understand and assess the risks of obesity in young children in school
D．to understand how games affect children in terms of academic performances
46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Visceral Fat And Sugar-Heavy Diet Harms Your Brain
B．Losing Fat, Gaining Brain Power, on the Playground
C．This Is What Weight Loss Does To Your Brain
D．Why children Shouldn’t Sit Still Under the Age of Eighteen
Do you remember the name of your kindergarten teacher I do remember mine. Her name was Mrs White.
I don’t remember much about what we learned in her class, but my mother once told me that we used to write a lot. And I would bring back what I wrote and she would see there were so many spelling and grammatical mistakes, but no red corrections. Instead, always a star. Sometimes even a “Good”! It worried my mother, so one day she went to meet Mrs White.
Mrs White said to my mother, “The boy is just beginning to get excited about using words and forming sentences. I don’t want to dampen the enthusiasm(热情) with red marks. Spelling and grammar can wait. The wonder of words doesn’t.” And if Mrs White had used her red pen more clearly I probably wouldn't be telling you about this now. I look back now and think she must have been a rather extraordinary teacher. She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly. Because to blossom is better than not to blossom. And a bud(花蕾) once cut off never opens.
I used to misspell “beautiful”. Never could I quite remember that the “e” went before the “a”, which made my high school teacher very angry. If I was going to use the word more frequently, she thought I could at least spell it right. Finally, “e” and “a” settled into their right places of their own accord. I am glad that I didn’t wait on them, though.
Thanks to Mrs White, I had no qualms(疑虑) about writing what I meant, even though I couldn’t quite spell it out.
47．Why did the author’s mother go to meet Mrs White
A．Because her son did badly in his exams.
B．Because Mrs White paid no attention to her son.
C．Because she wanted to know more about her son.
D．Because Mrs White never corrected her son's mistakes.
48．What does the underlined word “dampen” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Weaken. B．Lose. C．Fire. D．Hide.
49．What does Mrs White think is the most important when students start to write
A．Attitude and practice. B．Interest and confidence.
C．Courage and enthusiasm. D．Correctness and exactness.
50．The writer may probably think his high school teacher___________.
A．taught in the same way as Mrs White had done
B．was not satisfied with his mistake made in spelling
C．should tell him how to improve words spelling
D．paid much attention to teaching students to use proper words
参考答案
1．D
2．A
3．A
4．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四门学校提供的课程情况，可以帮助学生获得一些实用技能。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Do you want to be a good cook If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm every Thursday.(你想成为一个好厨师吗？如果你对烹饪感兴趣，这是一个机会。你不需要带任何材料到教室。唯一的条件是你每周四下午4点到5点有空)”可知，如果你想成为一名厨师，你必须周四下午4点到5点有空。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段“You must have experienced such a situation: you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 pm.(你一定经历过这样的情况：你想做家务，但你发现它很累很辛苦。每周三，两小时的课程将彻底改变这一切。你会学到一些有价值的方法来帮助你做清洁。Rome小姐，清洁大师，下午三点等你)”可知，如果你向Rome小姐学习，你会发现清洁并不困难。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“You will take the course from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm every Friday this term.(本学期每周五下午两点到六点上课)”可知，Experiencing Farm Life一周一次。故选A。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Our school is going to add different kinds of labor courses. The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills.(我们学校将增加不同种类的劳动课程。下周三开始的课程可以帮助你获得一些实用技能)”可推知，文章是写给学生的。故选B。
5．A
6．D
7．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了国王学院暑期学校年度培训项目的相关事宜，该项目是针对各个阶段想要提高英语水平的高中生而开展的。
5．
细节理解题。根据表格中courses部分中的“Spoken English: 22 hours(英语口语：22小时)”以及“American Culture: 16 hours(美国文化：16小时)”可知，两项课程在一起一共是38小时。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized.(课程由国王学院和纽约其他学院的老师开设。参观博物馆和文化中心也是被组织的)”可知，参观博物馆和文化中心的行程由国王学院暑期学校提供。故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据表格中“cost(花费)”部分中“Daily lessons: $ 200; Sports and activities: $ 100; Travels: $ 200; Hotel service: $ 400.You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.(日常课程：200美元；运动和活动费用：100美元；旅游费用：200美元；酒店服务：400美元。你可以选择和你的朋友或亲戚住在同一个城市)”可知，当选择住在朋友家里的时候，酒店是不花钱的，故总计花费500美元。故选B。
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。作者以博客文的形式记叙了为作者打开文学世界大门的优秀老师John Doyle的故事，并向老师致敬。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To say that JBHS wasn’t well-known for its attachment to academia would be an understatement (轻描淡写).”(说JBHS不以依附学术界而闻名是保守的说法。)和最后两句“But in the grand tradition of all good public high schools, if you wanted to learn, there was opportunity. You just had to dodge (躲开) the fruit fights at lunch time to find it.”(但在所有优秀公立高中的伟大传统中，如果你想学习，就有机会。你只需要避开午餐时间的水果大战就能找到。)可知，JBHS缺乏令人满意的学习环境。故选C。
9．
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Mr Doyle was our English teacher and ‘The Wind In ‘The Willows’ was our text.”(Doyle先生是我们的英语老师，《柳林风声》是我们的课文。)，第二句中的“Mr Doyle would act out every part”(Doyle先生会把每个角色都表演出来)和第三句中的“all came vividly to life in that little classroom”(在那间小教室里都变得生动起来)可知，Doyle先生在讲述课文时，会把每一个角色表演出来，这些角色在教室里变得生动起来，因此推断“Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad”是小说《柳林风声》中的角色。故选A。
10．
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“While other English teachers would read each chapter out loud — their monotone barely penetrating (穿透) the heaviness of a Sydney summer afternoon — Mr Doyle would act out every part. Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad all came vividly to life in that little classroom.”(当其他英语老师大声朗读每一章时——他们单调的语调几乎无法穿透悉尼夏日午后的沉闷——Doyle会表演每一个部分。鼹鼠、鼠儿、獾和蟾蜍先生在那间小教室里都活得活灵活现。)可知，比较其他老师，John Doyle上课时会表演，让那些小说中的角色活灵活现，因此推断他充满活力，不墨守陈规。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“John Doyle, you were #theteacherthatshapedme and I salute you.”(John Doyle，你是塑造我的老师，我向你致敬。)可知，这是一篇博客文。故选B。
12．D
13．A
14．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个满足学生需要的课程。
12．
推理判断题。根据“Course 2: Academic English”部分关键句“Academic English is for students who want to take the IELTS exam or for those who need to use English in a professional area.”（学术英语适用于想参加雅思考试的学生或需要在专业领域使用英语的学生。）可知，Academic English（学术英语）适用于想参加雅思考试的学生，由此可推断出，如果你想参加雅思考试，你最好选择Academic English（学术英语）。故选D项。
13．
细节理解题。根据“Course 1: General English”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.”（周二至周五：上午9:00至11:00，每周288美元。）可知，General English（日常英语）周二至周五的上午9:00至11:00上课，由此可知，参加General English（日常英语）课程的正确时间是上午9点。故选A项。
14．
细节理解题。根据“Course 1: General English”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.”（周二至周五：上午9:00至11:00，每周288美元。）可知，General English（日常英语）每周上课8小时，收费288美元，每小时36美元；根据“Course 2: Academic English”部分关键句“Monday to Friday: 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $150 per week.”（周一至周五：下午4:00至5:00，每周150美元。）可知，Academic English（学术英语）每周上课5小时，收费150美元，每小时30美元；根据“Course 3: High School ESL”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 8: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $25 per hour.”（周二至周五：上午8:00至11:00，每小时25美元。）可知，High School ESL（高中ESL）每小时25美元；根据“Course 4: One on One”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $80 per hour.”（周二至周五：下午2:00至5:00，每小时80美元。）可知，One on One（一对一）每小时80美元，综上所述，One on One（一对一）比其他课程贵。故选B项。
15．C
16．A
17．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2021-2022年海恩斯桥中学才艺表演活动的相关安排。
15．
细节理解题。根据第四行“1st Rehearsal --- Monday, November 15th 4:15-5:45(第一次彩排——11月15日星期一4:15-5:45)”可知，第一次彩排在11月15日，故选C。
16．
细节理解题。根据Rules & Regulations中的第2条“Acts must be no more than 3 minutes in length. (表演时间不得超过3分钟。)”可知，每个表演最多三分钟，故选A。
17．
细节理解题，根据Rules & Regulations中的第6条“Failure to attend your scheduled audition and any of the scheduled rehearsals --- except in the case of illness or extreme emergency --- will result in you being excluded from the show.(如果您未能参加预定的试镜和排练（疾病或极端紧急情况除外），您将被排除在演出之外。)”可知，D项“布鲁斯因为感冒错过了排练。”可以参加演出，故选D。
18．C
19．B
20．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则校服设计比赛的公告，介绍了比赛要求、截止日期等信息。
18．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We are excited to announce a School Uniform Design Contest! With the upcoming TetraWizard Tournament, one of the little questions is what the school uniforms look like at the visiting schools. For around two, we will be designing uniforms for Durmstrang Institute, hidden away in northern Scandinavia!(我们很兴奋地宣布一场校服设计比赛！随着即将到来的四强争霸赛，其中一个小问题是访问学校的校服是什么样子的。大约两小时，我们将为德姆斯特朗学院设计制服，它隐藏在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部！)”以及第四段“The Movie: You are not required to consider the school uniform depicted in the movies as the standard, but you may be inspired by that design if you wish! We’re leaving it up to the members to decide how close (if close at all) we’d like to mimic the movie design.(电影：你不需要把电影中描绘的校服当作标准，但如果你愿意，你可以从设计中获得灵感！我们把它留给成员来决定我们想多接近地（如果接近的话）模仿电影设计)”可知，比赛涉及服装设计的技巧。故选C。
19．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Requirement: Red is an important color for the school and should be featured.(要求：红色是学校的重要颜色，应该作为特色)”可知，比赛中提到的制服应该以红色为特色。故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Entries: You may work in teams if you wish, and multiple entries per writer are permitted.(参赛作品：如果你愿意，你可以组队工作，并且允许每个作者有多个参赛作品)”可知，对参与者的要求是他们可以团队合作。故选A。
21．B
22．D
23．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几门适合不同年龄段的孩子的舞蹈课程。
21．
细节理解题。根据Creative Movers部分“Age: 3—5 (年龄：3-5岁)”可知，这门课程适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。
22．
细节理解题。根据Jazz部分“Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements.(将向学生介绍爵士风格的节奏和动作)”可知，学生在爵士课上可以了解爵士风格的节奏和动作。故选D项。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Ballet部分“Time: 10:30 am—12:00 am on Saturdays (时间：周六上午10:30-12:00)”、Creative Movers部分“Time: 9:00 am—9:45 am on Saturdays (时间：周六上午9:00-9:45)”、Jazz部分“Time: 2:00 pm—3:00 pm on Saturdays (时间：周六下午2:00-3:00)”以及Hip Hop部分“Time: 1:00 pm—2:00 pm on Sundays (时间：周日下午1:00-2:00)”可知，其他三门舞蹈课都是在周六上课，而Hip Hop是在周日上课，这是它特别之处。故选B项。
24．B
25．C
26．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一门关于健康饮食和保持健康的课程，介绍了课程内容、适合对象以及导师的情况。
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.(根据最新科学研究提供的基于证据的建议，你会发现关于营养、饮食、锻炼和心理健康的真相)”以及What will you learn 部分中“·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.(·心理学研究提供的技能，可以用来提高你的幸福水平)”可知，如果我们上了这门课，我们能获得科学的建议。故选B。
25．
细节理解题。根据Who is this course suitable for 部分中“·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application. (我们的很多学习者通过学习这门课程来提高他们的大学申请)”可知，申请理想大学的人会对这门课感兴趣。故选C。
26．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.(·Giles Yeo：他是剑桥大学医学研究委员会代谢疾病小组的项目负责人。他的第一本书《基因饮食》于2018年12月出版，第二本书《为什么卡路里不算数》于2021年6月出版)”可知，Giles Yeo导师也是作家。故选A。
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述生物学研究生He Jiang成为第一位在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲的中国学生。
27．
词句猜测题。由文章第二段““People in China often believe that it's useless to study and children from the countryside cannot be successful in the future. However,I cannot agree with them. Education can change a person's life.I hope my experience can encourage the students from the countryside to spare no effort in study and make their dreams come turn.”(“中国人经常认为学习是无用的，来自农村的孩子将来不会成功。然而，我不能同意他们的观点。教育可以改变一个人的生活。我希望我的经历可以鼓励来自农村的学生 ，实现梦想。”)”可知，He Jiang是想通过自己证明农村孩子努力学习是有作用的，所以应是鼓励农村孩子“努力学习”。故选C项。
28．
细节理解题。由文章第三段“Different from many other families in the village, his parents never thought about finding a job in big cities and leaving their two sons at home without their care.(与村里许多其他家庭不同的是，他的父母从未想过在大城市找份工作，把两个儿子留在家里，没有他们的照顾。)”可知，He Jiang父母从未想过在大城市找份工作。故选A项。
29．
推理判断题。由文章第四段“Instead of giving up, He Jiang spent all his free time on English. He also made friends with natives to improve his speaking English. One year later, he had little difficulty in class and soon became one of the top students in his class. (He Jiang没有放弃，而是把所有的空闲时间都花在了英语上。他还与当地人交朋友，以提高他的英语口语。一年后，他在课堂上没有什么困难，很快成为班上的尖子生之一。)”可知，He Jiang是不怕艰难，很有毅力的。所以D项where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成)符合题意。故选D项。
30．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Getting the chance to speak at the commencement is no accident...After beating three students from Harvard Kennedy School in the third and final round, He Jiang made it to get the chance to speak at the commencement.(获得在毕业典礼上发言的机会并非偶然……在第三轮也是最后一轮中击败了三名哈佛肯尼迪学院的学生后，He Jiang获得了在毕业典礼发言的机会。)”以及结合本段内容可知，这段主要讲He Jiang怎么获得在毕业典礼发言的机会的。故选A项。
31．A
32．B
33．D
34．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了终身学习的重要性及一些国家终身学习。
31．
细节理解题。根据“Why is lifelong learning important ”中最后两句“We never stop learning. Every day, you can improve yourself by learning something new.（我们从不停止学习。每天，你都可以通过学习新东西来提高自己。）”可知，知道终身学习的目的在于提高你自己。故选A项。
32．
细节理解题。根据“Lifelong learning in Japan”中最后一句“The Japanese take classes to improve their skills and learn new things.（日本人上课是为了提高他们的技能和学习新东西。）”可知，日本人学外语是想学习新的东西。故选B项。
33．
细节理解题。根据“Lifelong learning in Japan”中第三句“Music calligraphy, flower arranging, and foreign languages are some of their favorite classes.(音乐、书法、插花和外语是他们最喜欢的课程。)”可知音乐、书法、插花和外语在日本人学习的课程中很流行。故选D项。
34．
主旨大意题。结合第一段第三句“ In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. （在许多国家，许多人终身学习。）”及结合全文，文章主要讲的是终身学习和重要性。C项“人们可以终身学习。”符合文章主旨。故选C项。
35．D
36．A
37．C
38．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了40年来，史密斯小姐一直鼓励孩子们写作的故事。
35．
推理判断题。根据第一段“For 40 years, Miss Smith stood in front of her classroom, and “Open your notebooks and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of feeling to paper that was the aim.(40年来，史密斯小姐一直站在教室前，她会指导学生“打开笔记本并写作”。如果一个学生迟到了，她会简单地说：“写下你迟到的原因。”内容和风格并不重要。正是感觉与纸张的联系才是目的)”可知，史密斯小姐鼓励她的学生写作是为了鼓励她的学生以书面形式来表达自己。故选D项。
36．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Regardless, Miss Smith read every page and, in neat red handwriting, wrote down words of encouragement and praise.(不管怎样，史密斯小姐阅读了每一页，用整洁的红色笔迹写下了鼓励和赞扬的话)”可知，史密斯小姐阅读每一页并写下鼓励和赞扬的话，她认真对待学生的写作。故选A项。
37．
推理判断题。根据第四段“But the ones she remembered most were those who found a way to express their feelings through pen and paper. There were some boys who couldn’t find the courage to stand up to an abusive father but found comfort in a few words. There were some girls in pain over refusal by classmates, and some who had deep traumas. The first sentence in their notebooks read, “Please don’t read this.”(但她记得最多的是那些找到了用笔和纸来表达自己感情的人。也有一些男孩没有勇气反抗一位虐待他的父亲，但却在几句话中找到了安慰。有一些女孩因为被同学拒绝而痛苦，还有一些女孩有很深的创伤。她们笔记本上的第一句话是：“请不要读这个。”)”可推知，本段中学生在笔记本中写下了他们遭受的痛苦。故选C项。
38．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He told her that his parents were addicted to wine, that there seemed to be no future for him, and that he knew he was a mistake to them.But she made him feel like he was “more”. He said he’d stayed alive to see what that “more” was going to be. (他告诉她，他的父母对葡萄酒上瘾，他似乎没有未来，他知道自己对他们来说是个错误。但她让他觉得自己“更多”。他说他活着是为了看看“更多”会是什么)”可知，罗布说到自己似乎没有未来，对父母而言是个错误，但史密斯小姐使他重新燃起希望，所以罗布是非常感激的。故选D项。
39．A
40．B
41．C
42．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究者的研究以及教育家的实验证明了教学是一种有效的学习方式。
39．
细节理解题。根据第一段““For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca.(罗马哲学家塞内卡说：“几千年来，人们都知道，理解一个概念的最佳方式是向他人解释。我们教的同时，我们也在学习。”)”以及第二段“Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively.(研究人员发现，报名辅导他人的学生更努力地理解材料，更准确地回忆材料，更有效地应用材料)”可知，教别人有助于自己学习，研究人员通过他们的研究重新发现塞内卡的思想今天仍然适用。故选A项。
40．
推理判断题。根据第三段“But the most cutting-edge (前沿的) tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students.(但目前正在开发的最先进的工具是“可教代理”——一个计算机化的角色，它像真实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错和提问。计算机科学家创造了一个名为贝蒂大脑的动画人物，数百名中学生向她“传授”了环境科学知识)”可知，贝蒂大脑是由计算机科学家创造的，学生们可以向其传授知识，所以贝蒂大脑是一个正在开发的教学工具。故选B项。
41．
细节理解题。根据第三段“While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.(在准备教学的同时，他们组织自己的知识，提高自己的理解能力。当他们向它解释信息时，他们会发现自己思维中的问题)”可知，教别人会使得学生受益，是因为在准备教学的同时，他们可以更好地学习他们的学术科目。故选C项。
42．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning.(最重要的是，一个人在教学中经历的情感促进了学习)”可知，情感参与是使学生导师学习变得容易的关键因素。故选B项。
43．C
44．A
45．D
46．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。有研究表明，每日参加适量课外活动的儿童，不但能减少内脏脂肪，强身健体，还能促进大脑思维，提高注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力，改善他们的成绩单。
43．
词句猜测题。根据第一段“A new study of elementary-age children shows that those who were not part of an after-school exercise program tended to pack on a particular type of body fat that can have deleterious impacts on brain health and thinking. (一项针对小学儿童的新研究表明，那些没有参加课后锻炼项目的儿童往往会增加一种特定类型的体脂，这种体脂会对大脑健康和思维产生deleterious的影响。)”，根据前一句“Better grades might be found on the playground. (在操场上可能会有更好的成绩。)”可知，多去操场锻炼的人，成绩好，因为参加锻炼会对大脑、思维产生良好的影响，因此可推知，不参加课后锻炼，则会对大脑、思维产生相反的影响。A. inevitable必然发生的；B. vigilant警觉的；C. harmful有害的；D. beneficial有益的。故deleterious与C项harmful意思相近。故选C项。
44．
推理判断题。根据第四段“After the trial the exercising children who were obese at the study’s onset had less visceral fat relative to their starting weight, even if they remained overweight. They also showed significant improvements in their scores on a computerized test that measures how well children pay attention, process information and avoid being impulsive. Notably a similar effect was observed in children whose weight was normal at the start. Across the board the more visceral fat a child shed during the nine months of play, the better he or she performed on the test. (在试验结束后，那些在研究开始时就肥胖的儿童，即使他们仍然超重，与他们开始体重相比，内脏脂肪也较少。在一项计算机测试中，他们的分数也有了显著提高，该测试衡量了孩子们的注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力。值得注意的是，在一开始体重正常的儿童身上也观察到了类似的效应。总的来说，孩子在九个月的玩耍中减掉的内脏脂肪越多，他或她在测试中的表现就越好。)”可知，研究人员研究发现，无论是原来肥胖的还是体重正常的孩子，经过一段时间的运动，内脏脂肪减少，注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力的分数也有提高，减的内脏脂肪越多的孩子，测试表现越好，故推知：游戏能减内脏脂肪，提高脑力。故选A项。
45．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Lauren Raine, a postdoctoral researcher at Northeastern University who conducted the study with Charles Hillman and others, says that the trial was designed to study aerobic fitness and children’s ability to think not the relation of abdominal flab to inflammation. (美国东北大学的博士后研究员劳伦·瑞恩和查尔斯·希尔曼等人一起进行了这项研究，她说，这项试验的目的是研究有氧健身和儿童的思维能力，而不是腹部赘肉与炎症的关系。)”可知，这个研究主要重点是为了了解游戏运动是否影响儿童的大脑思维，从而影响到成绩。故选D项。
46．
主旨大意题。根据通读全文，尤其是最后一段的最后一句“More broadly, Raine says the study suggests that getting children to run around won’t just enhance their bodies—it might also improve their report cards. (更广泛地说，Raine说，这项研究表明，让孩子们到处跑不仅能增强他们的身体素质，还可能改善他们的成绩单。)”可知，鼓励孩子到操场上进行课外活动锻炼，可以强身健体，减少内脏脂肪，还能提高思维能力，提高分数。B项“Losing Fat, Gaining Brain Power, on the Playground (减脂，增强脑力，在操场上)”符合主旨。故选B项。
47．D
48．A
49．B
50．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上幼儿园时的一位老师用她独特的教育方式和理念让作者受益终身。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And I would bring back what I wrote and she would see there were so many spelling and grammatical mistakes, but no red corrections. Instead, always a star. (我会把我写的东西带回来，她会发现有很多拼写和语法错误，但没有红色的更正。相反，我永远是一个明星。)”可知，作者的母亲去学校见Mrs White是因为作者的作业中有很多拼写和语法上的错误，但老师并没有用红笔给他修正。母亲对此表示疑惑，所以决定去学校见作者的老师。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。结合画线单词前后的“The boy is just beginning to get excited about using words and forming sentences.(这个男孩才刚刚开始对使用单词和形成句子感到兴奋。)”和“She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly. (她让表达的喜悦、惊奇和兴奋开花了——无论多么不完美。)”可以推知，Mrs White 不想减弱学生对使用词汇和造句的热情，dampen意为“减弱，抑制”，与weaken含义相近。故选A。
3.推理判断题。通读第三段，尤其是“I don’t want to dampen the enthusiasm with red marks. Spelling and grammar can wait. The wonder of words doesn`t.(我不想用红色的标记来减弱人们的热情。拼写和语法可以等待。文字的奇迹并不能。)”和“ I look back now and think she must have been a rather extraordinary teacher. She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly.(现在回想起来，我觉得她一定是一个相当出色的老师。她让表达的喜悦、惊奇和兴奋开花了——无论多么不完美。)”可知，Mrs White认为，对于刚开始学习词汇和句法的孩子来说，培养他们对此的兴趣和学习的自信心是最重要的。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I used to misspell “beautiful”. Never could I quite remember that the ‘e' went before ‘a’，which made my high school teacher very angry.(我以前常常拼错“漂亮”。我从来不记得e在a之前，这让我的高中老师非常生气。) ”可知，作者的老师因为他的拼写错误而恼火，因此推断他的高中老师对于他犯的拼写错误不满意。故选B。
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阅读理解
Our school is going to add different kinds of labor courses. The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills.
Enjoying a Good Meal
Do you want to be a good cook If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm every Thursday.
Becoming a Master in Cleaning
You must have experienced such a situation:you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 pm.
Planting Your Hope
This course is special because teachers show you skills out of classrooms. Students will plant flowers, vegetables and some trees with teachers’ help. If weather allows, you can take the course every day between 4:30 pm and 6:00 pm from September 20 to October 31.
Experiencing Farm Life
Have you ever dreamed of feeding animals or picking fresh fruit on the farm This course can make your dream come true. You will take the course from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm every Friday this term.
Click here to visit our school’s website to know more about the labor courses.
1．What do you have to do if you want to learn to be a cook
A．Bring some cooking materials. B．Have classes out of classrooms.
C．Have some experience in cooking. D．Be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm on Thursday.
2．What may bring to you if you learn from Miss Rome
A．Finding cleaning not difficult. B．Spending more time cleaning.
C．Getting a job as a room cleaner. D．Becoming interested in cleaning.
3．How often does the course “Experiencing Farm Life” take place
A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Once a month. D．Once a term.
4．Who may the text be written for
A．Parents. B．Students. C．Farmers. D．Teachers.
King’s College Summer School
King’s College Summer School is an annual (一年一度的) training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year’s summer school will be from July 25 to August 15.
More information is as follows:
Application dateStudents in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2022. Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2022. Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2022. CoursesEnglish LanguageSpoken English: 22 hoursReading and Writing: 10 hoursAmerican History: 16 hoursAmerican Culture: 16 hours
StepsA letter of self-introductionA letter of recommendationThe letters should be written in English with all the necessary information. CostDaily lessons: $ 200Sports and activities: $ 100Travels: $ 200Hotel service: $ 400You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.
Please write to:Thompson, Sanders1026 King’s StreetNew York, NY 10016, USAE-mail: KC-Summer-School@
5．How many hours will a student take if he or she chooses Spoken English and American Culture A．38. B．32. C．22. D．16.
6．Which of the following information is True about King’s College Summer School
A．Foreign students should send their applications before July 18, 2022.
B．Sports and activities will be free of charge.
C．Courses are given by King’s College Summer School only.
D．Trips to museums and culture centers are offered by King’s College Summer School.
7．How much will you cost if you are to live with your friends in New York
A．$ 900 B．$ 500. C．$ 400. D．$ 200.
Mr Doyle strolled into our classroom — all limbs and high-end literature. And from the moment he opened his mouth, he started opening our minds.
We were a bunch of awkward twelve-year-old’s — in our first year of secondary school at JannaliBoys’ High in Sydney’s south. To say that JBHS wasn’t well-known for its attachment to academia would be an understatement (轻描淡写). To say it celebrated the arts over sport or humanities over science would be a flat-out lie. But in the grand tradition of all good public high schools, if you wanted to learn, there was opportunity. You just had to dodge (躲开) the fruit fights at lunch time to find it.
Mr Doyle was our English teacher and ‘The Wind In ‘The Willows’ was our text. While other English teachers would read each chapter out loud — their monotone barely penetrating (穿透) the heaviness of a Sydney summer afternoon — Mr Doyle would act out every part. Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad all came vividly to life in that little classroom. The words sprang off the page, the music of language was given life. And a lifelong love affair with books took root.
One afternoon, for no apparent reason, Mr Doyle marched us out onto the oval. Confused but excited, we lay down on the grass and stared up at the sky while Mr Doyle recited poetry. It was all very Dead Poets Society.
Then, after term one school holidays, we all came back to discover Mr Doyle had disappeared. Weeks later, he appeared in Pizza Hut commercial, and months after that, he starred in the Bodyline mini-series. We were all star struck. Knowing someone who was on the telly was the height of amazing back then.
I met up with Mr Doyle twelve years later. I had gone on to become a young journalist and he had gone on to become an admired and wildly-successful radio and TV broadcaster — better known to the country as Rampaging Roy Slaven.
John Doyle, you were #theteacherthatshapedme and I salute you.
8．What can we learn about JBHS
A．It has a flexible school policy.
B．It is criticized for its tough discipline.
C．It lacks a satisfactory learning environment.
D．It is famous for its high academic standards.
9．What do the underlined words “Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Fictional characters. B．The author’s classmates.
C．Book titles. D．Mr Doyle’s colleagues.
10．Which of the following words best describe John Doyle
A．Caring and mild-mannered. B．Passionate and well-trained.
C．Talented and sympathetic. D．Dynamic and unconventional.
11．What type of writing is this text
A．A biography. B．A blog post. C．A letter. D．A fantasy story.
We offer four kinds of courses. Each course has been designed to help students according to their needs.
Course 1: General English
General English is designed to develop students’ basic communication skills in Speaking and Pronunciation, Reading, Listening, Writing, Grammar and Vocabulary. Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.
Course 2: Academic English
Academic English is for students who want to take the IELTS exam or for those who need to use English in a professional area. Monday to Friday: 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $150 per week.
Course 3: High School ESL
Why not make the most of your time studying in Australia with the help from TIES We have High School ESL classes each week specifically designed for international students. Tuesday to Friday: 8: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $25 per hour.
Course 4: One on One
If you are interested in some One on One lessons with TIES teachers, we can design a course to meet your needs. One on One lessons can improve your English language skills more quickly and help students who want to take TOEFL. Tuesday to Friday: 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $80 per hour.
12．What had you better choose if you want to take IELTS
A．General English. B．High School ESL.
C．One on One. D．Academic English.
13．What is the right time for attending the General English course
A．9: 00 am. B．11: 00 am. C．2: 00 pm. D．4: 00 pm
14．What can we learn about One on One according to the passage
A．Its lessons are given in the morning.
B．It’s more expensive than the other courses.
C．It’s especially designed for English beginners.
D．Its lessons are designed to only improve writing skills.
2021-2022 Haynes Bridge Middle School Talent Show
Important Information:
Audition（试演）will be held on Friday 10/29, Saturday 10/30, Sunday 10/31.
Dates for rehearsals（排练）and performances:
1st Rehearsal --- Monday, November 15th 4:15-5:45
Dress Rehearsal --- Wednesday, November 17th 4:15-6:00
Talent Show Performance --- Thursday, November 18th at 6:00-7:30
All participants must be available to attend all dates!
Rules & Regulations:
1. Auditions are open to all HBMS students. Students may enter the talent show as a solo act or a group. (Group can be no more than 6 students.)
2. Acts must be no more than 3 minutes in length. An act that runs longer may be selected under the condition that it be cut down to the 3-minute maximum.
3. The show will be about 1.5 hours long. There will be about 25 acts selected, possibly a few more if some run under the 3-minute maximum.
4. Tryouts（选拔赛）are closed to anyone other than students who are auditioning and the judges. This includes relatives, friends, and other students.
5. Students must be in attendance at school in order to participate in an extracurricular activity. This includes all talent show events.
6. Failure to attend your scheduled audition and any of the scheduled rehearsals --- except in the case of illness or extreme emergency --- will result in you being excluded from the show.
7. If the act has been changed from its original audition without permission, or, if it is not well prepared, it will be dropped from the show.
15．When will the first rehearsal be held
A．On October 29th. B．On October 31st.
C．On November 15th. D．On November 18th.
16．How long can each act last at most
A．3 minutes. B．6 minutes.
C．25 minutes. D．1.5 hours.
17．Which of the following students might enter the show
A．Lucy who will become a member of HBMS next year.
B．Frank who changes his program without permission.
C．Lisa who has been absent from HBMS recently.
D．Bruce who misses the rehearsals due to a cold.
School Uniform Design Contest
We are excited to announce a School Uniform Design Contest! With the upcoming TetraWizard Tournament, one of the little questions is what the school uniforms look like at the visiting schools. For around two, we will be designing uniforms for Durmstrang Institute, hidden away in northern Scandinavia!
Requirement: Red is an important color for the school and should be featured.
Consider: … uniforms for boys and girls, any marker for discipline
The Movie: You are not required to consider the school uniform depicted in the movies as the standard, but you may be inspired by that design if you wish! We’re leaving it up to the members to decide how close (if close at all) we’d like to mimic the movie design.
Format: Any format is acceptable! Here are some suggestions…
A detailed written description
Hand-drawn art
Photographs or a collection of images
Entries: You may work in teams if you wish, and multiple entries per writer are permitted.
The deadline is October 27, 2021.
Please submit your entries to the Absit Omen Curator account.
As soon as the entries are in, we’ll vote! The most popular result will become the official uniform for Durmstang. We’d love to be able to post the new uniform online.
18．What do we know about the contest
A．It focuses on sports. B．It refers to the TetraWizard Tournament.
C．It involves skills in clothes designing. D．It requires participants to wear uniforms.
19．What should the uniforms mentioned in the contest be like
A．They are for girls especially.
B．They should feature red.
C．They look quite different from those in the movies.
D．They should be easily distinguished by their markers.
20．What is the requirement for participants
A．They can work in groups. B．They should submit only one entry.
C．They can submit after October 27, 2021. D．They should avoid photographs in their submission.
Ballet
Ballet teaches grace, posture (姿势) and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet items (物品), expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classical ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class.
Age: 8—10
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 10:30 am—12:00 am on Saturdays
Creative Movers
Students can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging environment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.
Age: 3—5
Date: September 7, 2019—January 18, 2020
Time: 9:00 am—9:45 am on Saturdays
Jazz
Jazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional Jazz dance. Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample (示例) class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students’ personal dance goals.
Age: 5—6
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 2:00 pm—3:00 pm on Saturdays
Hip Hop
Students will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including Popping, Locking, Breaking and Tutting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop skilled instructers will provide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.
Age: 7—10
Date: September 7, 2019—May 16, 2020
Time: 1:00 pm—2:00 pm on Sundays
21．Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children
A．Ballet. B．Creative Movers. C．Hip Hop. D．Jazz.
22．What can students do in the jazz class
A．Make use of all the ballet items.
B．Learn the long history of jazz.
C．Dance with famous modern jazz dancers.
D．Get to know jazz-style rhythms and movements.
23．What is special about the hip hop class
A．It is open in the afternoon. B．It is available on Sunday.
C．It teaches traditional dances. D．It has the most skilled teachers.
The science of your wellbeing
This course covers the real science of better health and happiness. With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.
What will you learn
·Why the brain makes habits hard to break.
·Techniques that can help you break bad habits.
·Achievable steps to improve your diets.
·Activities to help you remain healthy.
·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.
Who is this course suitable for
·This course is suitable for students at all levels.
·You may be considering a career in nutrition or fitness and a basic understanding of diets, nutrition and exercise.
·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application.
Who are your instructors
·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.
·Jason Gill: He’s a professor of exercise and health at the University of Glasgow. He studies the effects of exercise and diets on the prevention and management of diseases.
·Jacky Forsyth: She’s an associate professor at the School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University. She focuses on developing research and study on women in sport and exercise.
·Bruce Hood: He’s a professor of Developmental Psychology in Society at the University of Bristol. His research interests include the science of happiness, and inhibitory control of thoughts and actions.
24．What can we do if we take the course
A．Take part in research activities. B．Get science-based suggestions.
C．Interview some experts. D．Taste healthy dishes.
25．Who may be interested in the course
A．People who tend to be physically active. B．People who have many bad habits in life.
C．People who are applying to dream colleges. D．People who want to succeed in their career.
26．Which instructor is also a writer
A．Giles Yeo. B．Jason Gill. C．Jacky Forsyth. D．Bruce Hood.
He Jiang, a postgraduate in biology, will become the first Chinese student to give a speech in the commencement(华业典礼) at Harvard University on May 26, 2016.
Given the highest honor by the university. He Jiang, who was born in a small village in Hunan Province, said,“People in China often believe that it's useless to study and children from the countryside cannot be successful in the future. However,I cannot agree with them. Education can change a person's life.I hope my experience can encourage the students from the countryside to spare no effort in study and make their dreams come turn.”
Different from many other families in the village, his parents never thought about finding a job in big cities and leaving their two sons at home without their care.His farther was strict about their studies. He and his younger brother studied at home while the other kids in the village played in the fields. Unlike his strict father, his mother took her sons' side when her husband scolded the boys. She preferred to sit with her sons when they studied rather than chat with other women in the village.
Getting the chance to speak at the commencement is no accident. During his first days in Harvard,it’s quite difficult for him to follow the professors in class and he was speechless in campus because of his poor English. Instead of giving up, He Jiang spent all his free time on English. He also made friends with natives to improve his speaking English. One year later, he had little difficulty in class and soon became one of the top students in his class. With the encouragement from Professor Diana Eck, He Jiang decided to apply (for the chance to speak at the commencement.“Few Chinese students had applied before, but I wanted to have a try. I just want to realize my idea of letting more people hear the voice from China and telling them that China is not what it used to be,”said He Jiang. After beating three students from Harvard Kennedy School in the third and final round, He Jiang made it to get the chance to speak at the commencement.
He Jiang will go to Massachusetts Institute of Technology after graduating from Harvard.
27．The underlined part means”________”.
A．get ready for study B．enjoy themselves in study
C．try their best in study D．be interested in study
28．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．He Jiang's parents never tried to find a job in a big city.
B．Both of He Jiang's parents were very strict with him.
C．He Jiang is the only child in the family.
D．He Jiang often played in the fields with other kids in the village.
29．From the passage,we can know that________.
A．like father, like son B．the early birds get worms
C．practice makes perfect D．where there is a will, there is a way
30．Paragraph 4 mainly tells us________.
A．how He Jiang got the chance B．how hardworking He Jiang was
C．why He Jiang applied for the chance D．what He Jiang studied in Harvard
When you finish high school or university, is learning done The answer is “no”. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important How can it help you Let’s look at one example of lifelong learning in Japan.
Why is lifelong learning important
You go to school and learn. You take tests. But learning doesn’t only happen in school. And learning doesn’t stop when you graduate from high school or college. You are learning all the time. For example, learning can happen when you go to a museum. It can also happen when you get a job. You learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip. Learning is life! We never stop learning. Every day, you can improve yourself by learning something new.
Lifelong learning in Japan
In Japan, life learning is very important. People in Japan like to try new learning activities. Music, calligraphy, flower arranging, and foreign languages are some of their favorite classes. The Japanese take classes to improve their skills and learn new things.
Conclusion
When we graduate from school, we can continue to learn. Make lifelong learning one of your goals!
31．Why is lifelong learning important
A．It helps you improve yourself. B．It’s the best way to learn.
C．It’s fun and easy. D．It’s an important goal.
32．Some people in Japan take foreign language classes to________.
A．get a job B．learn new things C．get good grades D．finish college
33．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Learning only happens in school.
B．When we graduate from school, learning is done.
C．You can’t learn anything when you play a sport.
D．Music, calligraphy, flower arranging and foreign languages are popular classes in Japan.
34．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Learning can be fun. B．We are always learning in school.
C．People can learn all their lives. D．Finishing high school is important.
For 40 years, Miss Smith stood in front of her classroom, and “Open your notebooks and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of feeling to paper that was the aim.
She knew students in the adolescence needed to develop their own guidance systems. Most of the notebooks were filled with meaningless sentences like looking forward to tacos (炸玉米饼) for lunch and describing in detail the teacher’s desk, or line after line stating I don’t know what to write. Regardless, Miss Smith read every page and, in neat red handwriting, wrote down words of encouragement and praise.
Before she passed away, she remembered the thousands of students she had taught. Some of them were the writers who made her proud; they sent her letters thanking her for getting them to think.
But the ones she remembered most were those who found a way to express their feelings through pen and paper. There were some boys who couldn’t find the courage to stand up to an abusive (虐待的) father but found comfort in a few words. There were some girls in pain over refusal by classmates, and some who had deep traumas (精神创伤). The first sentence in their notebooks read, “Please don’t read this.”
The letter Miss Smith remembered most was from a young man named Rob, some years after he quietly wrote meaningless sentences in his notebook just to get by in her class. He told her that his parents were addicted to wine, that there seemed to be no future for him, and that he knew he was a mistake to them. But she made him feel like he was “more”. He said he’d stayed alive to see what that “more” was going to be.
35．Why did Miss Smith encourage her students to write
A．To train their handwriting.
B．To raise their writing speed.
C．To let them correct mistakes.
D．To express themselves in writing.
36．How did Miss Smith deal with her students’ writing
A．She took it seriously.
B．She wrote meaningless words.
C．She talked with them about it.
D．She read them occasionally.
37．What did the students in paragraph 4 write about in their notebooks
A．Their future plans.
B．Their happy families.
C．Their sufferings.
D．Their views on teachers.
38．How did Rob feel in his letter
A．Confused. B．Hopeless.
C．Excited. D．Grateful.
“For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children teach others while learning themselves One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟或姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge (前沿的) tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help. Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions force student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agents solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
39．What are researchers rediscovering through their studies
A．Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today. B．Better learners will become better teachers.
C．Human intelligence tends to grow with age. D．Philosophical thinking improves instruction.
40．What do we learn about Betty’s Brain
A．It is a character in a popular animation. B．It is a teaching tool under development.
C．It is a cutting-edge app in digital games. D．It is a tutor for computer science students.
41．How does teaching others benefit student tutors
A．It makes them aware of what they are strong at.
B．It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.
C．It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
D．It enables them to better understand their teachers.
42．What is the key factor that eases student tutors’ learning
A．Their sense of responsibility. B．Their emotional involvement.
C．The learning strategy acquired. D．The teaching experience gained.
Better grades might be found on the playground. A new study of elementary-age children shows that those who were not part of an after-school exercise program tended to pack on a particular type of body fat that can have deleterious impacts on brain health and thinking. But prevention and treatment could be as simple as playing more games of tag (捉迷藏，捉人游戏).
Most children do not meet the federal health guidelines for exercise, which call for at least an hour of it a day for anyone under the age of 18. Physical inactivity can result in weight gain especially around the midsection-including visceral (内脏的) fat, a type of tissue deep inside the abdomen (腹部) that is known to increase inflammation(炎症)throughout the body. It is also linked to heightened risks for diabetes and cardiovascular complications (并发症) even in children, and may contribute to declining brain function. Obese adults often perform worse than people of normal weight on tests of thinking skills.
But little has been known about visceral fat and brain health in children. For a soon-to-be-published study, researchers from Northeastern University in Boston and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaion tracked hundreds of 8-to-10-year-old children in a nine-month after-school exercise program in Urbana. Every day, one group of children played tag and other active games for about 70 minutes. The subjects in a control group continued with their normal lives, with the promise that they could join the program the following year. All the children completed tests of fitness, body composition and cognitive skills at the start and end of the program. The researchers did not ask the children to change their diets.
After the trial the exercising children who were obese at the study’s onset had less visceral fat relative to their starting weight, even if they remained overweight. They also showed significant improvements in their scores on a computerized test that measures how well children pay attention, process information and avoid being impulsive. Notably a similar effect was observed in children whose weight was normal at the start. Across the board the more visceral fat a child shed during the nine months of play, the better he or she performed on the test.
The children in the control group, in contrast had generally added to their visceral fat; this was particularly true among those who were already obese. They gained on average, four times as much visceral fat as the normal-weight children in the control group, and also did not perform as well on the subsequent test. Lauren Raine, a postdoctoral researcher at Northeastern University who conducted the study with Charles Hillman and others, says that the trial was designed to study aerobic fitness and children’s ability to think not the relation of abdominal flab to inflammation. But a reduction in overall inflammation very likely plays a role because it is thought to be unhealthy for the brain. More broadly, Raine says the study suggests that getting children to run around won’t just enhance their bodies-it might also improve their report cards.
43．What does the word “deleterious” in Paragraph One probably mean
A．inevitable B．vigilant C．harmful D．beneficial
44．It can be inferred from the research conducted by researchers from Northeastern University in Boston and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that________.
A．games may help reduce visceral fat in children and thus improve their brain power
B．obesity contributes to declining brain function in children
C．children have fewer weight-related health and medical problems than adults
D．obese children have trouble staying focused and paying attention
45．According to Lauren Raine, the main focus of the study is ________.
A．to find the relationships between physical activity and health in children
B．to discover the relationships between obesity and health problems in children
C．to understand and assess the risks of obesity in young children in school
D．to understand how games affect children in terms of academic performances
46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Visceral Fat And Sugar-Heavy Diet Harms Your Brain
B．Losing Fat, Gaining Brain Power, on the Playground
C．This Is What Weight Loss Does To Your Brain
D．Why children Shouldn’t Sit Still Under the Age of Eighteen
Do you remember the name of your kindergarten teacher I do remember mine. Her name was Mrs White.
I don’t remember much about what we learned in her class, but my mother once told me that we used to write a lot. And I would bring back what I wrote and she would see there were so many spelling and grammatical mistakes, but no red corrections. Instead, always a star. Sometimes even a “Good”! It worried my mother, so one day she went to meet Mrs White.
Mrs White said to my mother, “The boy is just beginning to get excited about using words and forming sentences. I don’t want to dampen the enthusiasm(热情) with red marks. Spelling and grammar can wait. The wonder of words doesn’t.” And if Mrs White had used her red pen more clearly I probably wouldn't be telling you about this now. I look back now and think she must have been a rather extraordinary teacher. She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly. Because to blossom is better than not to blossom. And a bud(花蕾) once cut off never opens.
I used to misspell “beautiful”. Never could I quite remember that the “e” went before the “a”, which made my high school teacher very angry. If I was going to use the word more frequently, she thought I could at least spell it right. Finally, “e” and “a” settled into their right places of their own accord. I am glad that I didn’t wait on them, though.
Thanks to Mrs White, I had no qualms(疑虑) about writing what I meant, even though I couldn’t quite spell it out.
47．Why did the author’s mother go to meet Mrs White
A．Because her son did badly in his exams.
B．Because Mrs White paid no attention to her son.
C．Because she wanted to know more about her son.
D．Because Mrs White never corrected her son's mistakes.
48．What does the underlined word “dampen” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Weaken. B．Lose. C．Fire. D．Hide.
49．What does Mrs White think is the most important when students start to write
A．Attitude and practice. B．Interest and confidence.
C．Courage and enthusiasm. D．Correctness and exactness.
50．The writer may probably think his high school teacher___________.
A．taught in the same way as Mrs White had done
B．was not satisfied with his mistake made in spelling
C．should tell him how to improve words spelling
D．paid much attention to teaching students to use proper words
参考答案
1．D
2．A
3．A
4．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四门学校提供的课程情况，可以帮助学生获得一些实用技能。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Do you want to be a good cook If you are interested in cooking, here is a chance. You needn’t bring any materials to the classroom. The only condition is that you should be free from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm every Thursday.(你想成为一个好厨师吗？如果你对烹饪感兴趣，这是一个机会。你不需要带任何材料到教室。唯一的条件是你每周四下午4点到5点有空)”可知，如果你想成为一名厨师，你必须周四下午4点到5点有空。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第三段“You must have experienced such a situation: you want to do the housework but you find it tiring and hard. Every Wednesday, a two-hour course will totally change it. You will learn some valuable ways that help you do the cleaning. Miss Rome, a master in cleaning, waits for you at 3:00 pm.(你一定经历过这样的情况：你想做家务，但你发现它很累很辛苦。每周三，两小时的课程将彻底改变这一切。你会学到一些有价值的方法来帮助你做清洁。Rome小姐，清洁大师，下午三点等你)”可知，如果你向Rome小姐学习，你会发现清洁并不困难。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“You will take the course from 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm every Friday this term.(本学期每周五下午两点到六点上课)”可知，Experiencing Farm Life一周一次。故选A。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Our school is going to add different kinds of labor courses. The courses which will start from next Wednesday can help you get some practical skills.(我们学校将增加不同种类的劳动课程。下周三开始的课程可以帮助你获得一些实用技能)”可推知，文章是写给学生的。故选B。
5．A
6．D
7．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了国王学院暑期学校年度培训项目的相关事宜，该项目是针对各个阶段想要提高英语水平的高中生而开展的。
5．
细节理解题。根据表格中courses部分中的“Spoken English: 22 hours(英语口语：22小时)”以及“American Culture: 16 hours(美国文化：16小时)”可知，两项课程在一起一共是38小时。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized.(课程由国王学院和纽约其他学院的老师开设。参观博物馆和文化中心也是被组织的)”可知，参观博物馆和文化中心的行程由国王学院暑期学校提供。故选D。
7．
细节理解题。根据表格中“cost(花费)”部分中“Daily lessons: $ 200; Sports and activities: $ 100; Travels: $ 200; Hotel service: $ 400.You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city.(日常课程：200美元；运动和活动费用：100美元；旅游费用：200美元；酒店服务：400美元。你可以选择和你的朋友或亲戚住在同一个城市)”可知，当选择住在朋友家里的时候，酒店是不花钱的，故总计花费500美元。故选B。
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。作者以博客文的形式记叙了为作者打开文学世界大门的优秀老师John Doyle的故事，并向老师致敬。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To say that JBHS wasn’t well-known for its attachment to academia would be an understatement (轻描淡写).”(说JBHS不以依附学术界而闻名是保守的说法。)和最后两句“But in the grand tradition of all good public high schools, if you wanted to learn, there was opportunity. You just had to dodge (躲开) the fruit fights at lunch time to find it.”(但在所有优秀公立高中的伟大传统中，如果你想学习，就有机会。你只需要避开午餐时间的水果大战就能找到。)可知，JBHS缺乏令人满意的学习环境。故选C。
9．
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Mr Doyle was our English teacher and ‘The Wind In ‘The Willows’ was our text.”(Doyle先生是我们的英语老师，《柳林风声》是我们的课文。)，第二句中的“Mr Doyle would act out every part”(Doyle先生会把每个角色都表演出来)和第三句中的“all came vividly to life in that little classroom”(在那间小教室里都变得生动起来)可知，Doyle先生在讲述课文时，会把每一个角色表演出来，这些角色在教室里变得生动起来，因此推断“Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad”是小说《柳林风声》中的角色。故选A。
10．
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“While other English teachers would read each chapter out loud — their monotone barely penetrating (穿透) the heaviness of a Sydney summer afternoon — Mr Doyle would act out every part. Mole, Ratty, Badger and Mr Toad all came vividly to life in that little classroom.”(当其他英语老师大声朗读每一章时——他们单调的语调几乎无法穿透悉尼夏日午后的沉闷——Doyle会表演每一个部分。鼹鼠、鼠儿、獾和蟾蜍先生在那间小教室里都活得活灵活现。)可知，比较其他老师，John Doyle上课时会表演，让那些小说中的角色活灵活现，因此推断他充满活力，不墨守陈规。故选D。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“John Doyle, you were #theteacherthatshapedme and I salute you.”(John Doyle，你是塑造我的老师，我向你致敬。)可知，这是一篇博客文。故选B。
12．D
13．A
14．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个满足学生需要的课程。
12．
推理判断题。根据“Course 2: Academic English”部分关键句“Academic English is for students who want to take the IELTS exam or for those who need to use English in a professional area.”（学术英语适用于想参加雅思考试的学生或需要在专业领域使用英语的学生。）可知，Academic English（学术英语）适用于想参加雅思考试的学生，由此可推断出，如果你想参加雅思考试，你最好选择Academic English（学术英语）。故选D项。
13．
细节理解题。根据“Course 1: General English”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.”（周二至周五：上午9:00至11:00，每周288美元。）可知，General English（日常英语）周二至周五的上午9:00至11:00上课，由此可知，参加General English（日常英语）课程的正确时间是上午9点。故选A项。
14．
细节理解题。根据“Course 1: General English”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 9: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $288 per week.”（周二至周五：上午9:00至11:00，每周288美元。）可知，General English（日常英语）每周上课8小时，收费288美元，每小时36美元；根据“Course 2: Academic English”部分关键句“Monday to Friday: 4: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $150 per week.”（周一至周五：下午4:00至5:00，每周150美元。）可知，Academic English（学术英语）每周上课5小时，收费150美元，每小时30美元；根据“Course 3: High School ESL”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 8: 00 am to 11: 00 am, $25 per hour.”（周二至周五：上午8:00至11:00，每小时25美元。）可知，High School ESL（高中ESL）每小时25美元；根据“Course 4: One on One”部分关键句“Tuesday to Friday: 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm, $80 per hour.”（周二至周五：下午2:00至5:00，每小时80美元。）可知，One on One（一对一）每小时80美元，综上所述，One on One（一对一）比其他课程贵。故选B项。
15．C
16．A
17．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2021-2022年海恩斯桥中学才艺表演活动的相关安排。
15．
细节理解题。根据第四行“1st Rehearsal --- Monday, November 15th 4:15-5:45(第一次彩排——11月15日星期一4:15-5:45)”可知，第一次彩排在11月15日，故选C。
16．
细节理解题。根据Rules & Regulations中的第2条“Acts must be no more than 3 minutes in length. (表演时间不得超过3分钟。)”可知，每个表演最多三分钟，故选A。
17．
细节理解题，根据Rules & Regulations中的第6条“Failure to attend your scheduled audition and any of the scheduled rehearsals --- except in the case of illness or extreme emergency --- will result in you being excluded from the show.(如果您未能参加预定的试镜和排练（疾病或极端紧急情况除外），您将被排除在演出之外。)”可知，D项“布鲁斯因为感冒错过了排练。”可以参加演出，故选D。
18．C
19．B
20．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则校服设计比赛的公告，介绍了比赛要求、截止日期等信息。
18．
细节理解题。根据第一段“We are excited to announce a School Uniform Design Contest! With the upcoming TetraWizard Tournament, one of the little questions is what the school uniforms look like at the visiting schools. For around two, we will be designing uniforms for Durmstrang Institute, hidden away in northern Scandinavia!(我们很兴奋地宣布一场校服设计比赛！随着即将到来的四强争霸赛，其中一个小问题是访问学校的校服是什么样子的。大约两小时，我们将为德姆斯特朗学院设计制服，它隐藏在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部！)”以及第四段“The Movie: You are not required to consider the school uniform depicted in the movies as the standard, but you may be inspired by that design if you wish! We’re leaving it up to the members to decide how close (if close at all) we’d like to mimic the movie design.(电影：你不需要把电影中描绘的校服当作标准，但如果你愿意，你可以从设计中获得灵感！我们把它留给成员来决定我们想多接近地（如果接近的话）模仿电影设计)”可知，比赛涉及服装设计的技巧。故选C。
19．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Requirement: Red is an important color for the school and should be featured.(要求：红色是学校的重要颜色，应该作为特色)”可知，比赛中提到的制服应该以红色为特色。故选B。
20．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Entries: You may work in teams if you wish, and multiple entries per writer are permitted.(参赛作品：如果你愿意，你可以组队工作，并且允许每个作者有多个参赛作品)”可知，对参与者的要求是他们可以团队合作。故选A。
21．B
22．D
23．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几门适合不同年龄段的孩子的舞蹈课程。
21．
细节理解题。根据Creative Movers部分“Age: 3—5 (年龄：3-5岁)”可知，这门课程适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。
22．
细节理解题。根据Jazz部分“Students will be introduced to jazz-style rhythms and movements.(将向学生介绍爵士风格的节奏和动作)”可知，学生在爵士课上可以了解爵士风格的节奏和动作。故选D项。
23．
细节理解题。根据“Ballet部分“Time: 10:30 am—12:00 am on Saturdays (时间：周六上午10:30-12:00)”、Creative Movers部分“Time: 9:00 am—9:45 am on Saturdays (时间：周六上午9:00-9:45)”、Jazz部分“Time: 2:00 pm—3:00 pm on Saturdays (时间：周六下午2:00-3:00)”以及Hip Hop部分“Time: 1:00 pm—2:00 pm on Sundays (时间：周日下午1:00-2:00)”可知，其他三门舞蹈课都是在周六上课，而Hip Hop是在周日上课，这是它特别之处。故选B项。
24．B
25．C
26．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一门关于健康饮食和保持健康的课程，介绍了课程内容、适合对象以及导师的情况。
24．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With evidence -based advice from the very latest scientific research, you’ll find the truth about nutrition and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.(根据最新科学研究提供的基于证据的建议，你会发现关于营养、饮食、锻炼和心理健康的真相)”以及What will you learn 部分中“·Techniques informed by psychological research that you can use to improve your level of happiness.(·心理学研究提供的技能，可以用来提高你的幸福水平)”可知，如果我们上了这门课，我们能获得科学的建议。故选B。
25．
细节理解题。根据Who is this course suitable for 部分中“·Many of our learners take this course to improve their university application. (我们的很多学习者通过学习这门课程来提高他们的大学申请)”可知，申请理想大学的人会对这门课感兴趣。故选C。
26．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“·Giles Yeo: He’s a program leader at the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit at the University of Cambridge. His first book Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his second, Why Calories Don’t Count, came out in June 2021.(·Giles Yeo：他是剑桥大学医学研究委员会代谢疾病小组的项目负责人。他的第一本书《基因饮食》于2018年12月出版，第二本书《为什么卡路里不算数》于2021年6月出版)”可知，Giles Yeo导师也是作家。故选A。
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述生物学研究生He Jiang成为第一位在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲的中国学生。
27．
词句猜测题。由文章第二段““People in China often believe that it's useless to study and children from the countryside cannot be successful in the future. However,I cannot agree with them. Education can change a person's life.I hope my experience can encourage the students from the countryside to spare no effort in study and make their dreams come turn.”(“中国人经常认为学习是无用的，来自农村的孩子将来不会成功。然而，我不能同意他们的观点。教育可以改变一个人的生活。我希望我的经历可以鼓励来自农村的学生 ，实现梦想。”)”可知，He Jiang是想通过自己证明农村孩子努力学习是有作用的，所以应是鼓励农村孩子“努力学习”。故选C项。
28．
细节理解题。由文章第三段“Different from many other families in the village, his parents never thought about finding a job in big cities and leaving their two sons at home without their care.(与村里许多其他家庭不同的是，他的父母从未想过在大城市找份工作，把两个儿子留在家里，没有他们的照顾。)”可知，He Jiang父母从未想过在大城市找份工作。故选A项。
29．
推理判断题。由文章第四段“Instead of giving up, He Jiang spent all his free time on English. He also made friends with natives to improve his speaking English. One year later, he had little difficulty in class and soon became one of the top students in his class. (He Jiang没有放弃，而是把所有的空闲时间都花在了英语上。他还与当地人交朋友，以提高他的英语口语。一年后，他在课堂上没有什么困难，很快成为班上的尖子生之一。)”可知，He Jiang是不怕艰难，很有毅力的。所以D项where there is a will, there is a way(有志者事竟成)符合题意。故选D项。
30．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Getting the chance to speak at the commencement is no accident...After beating three students from Harvard Kennedy School in the third and final round, He Jiang made it to get the chance to speak at the commencement.(获得在毕业典礼上发言的机会并非偶然……在第三轮也是最后一轮中击败了三名哈佛肯尼迪学院的学生后，He Jiang获得了在毕业典礼发言的机会。)”以及结合本段内容可知，这段主要讲He Jiang怎么获得在毕业典礼发言的机会的。故选A项。
31．A
32．B
33．D
34．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了终身学习的重要性及一些国家终身学习。
31．
细节理解题。根据“Why is lifelong learning important ”中最后两句“We never stop learning. Every day, you can improve yourself by learning something new.（我们从不停止学习。每天，你都可以通过学习新东西来提高自己。）”可知，知道终身学习的目的在于提高你自己。故选A项。
32．
细节理解题。根据“Lifelong learning in Japan”中最后一句“The Japanese take classes to improve their skills and learn new things.（日本人上课是为了提高他们的技能和学习新东西。）”可知，日本人学外语是想学习新的东西。故选B项。
33．
细节理解题。根据“Lifelong learning in Japan”中第三句“Music calligraphy, flower arranging, and foreign languages are some of their favorite classes.(音乐、书法、插花和外语是他们最喜欢的课程。)”可知音乐、书法、插花和外语在日本人学习的课程中很流行。故选D项。
34．
主旨大意题。结合第一段第三句“ In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. （在许多国家，许多人终身学习。）”及结合全文，文章主要讲的是终身学习和重要性。C项“人们可以终身学习。”符合文章主旨。故选C项。
35．D
36．A
37．C
38．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了40年来，史密斯小姐一直鼓励孩子们写作的故事。
35．
推理判断题。根据第一段“For 40 years, Miss Smith stood in front of her classroom, and “Open your notebooks and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of feeling to paper that was the aim.(40年来，史密斯小姐一直站在教室前，她会指导学生“打开笔记本并写作”。如果一个学生迟到了，她会简单地说：“写下你迟到的原因。”内容和风格并不重要。正是感觉与纸张的联系才是目的)”可知，史密斯小姐鼓励她的学生写作是为了鼓励她的学生以书面形式来表达自己。故选D项。
36．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Regardless, Miss Smith read every page and, in neat red handwriting, wrote down words of encouragement and praise.(不管怎样，史密斯小姐阅读了每一页，用整洁的红色笔迹写下了鼓励和赞扬的话)”可知，史密斯小姐阅读每一页并写下鼓励和赞扬的话，她认真对待学生的写作。故选A项。
37．
推理判断题。根据第四段“But the ones she remembered most were those who found a way to express their feelings through pen and paper. There were some boys who couldn’t find the courage to stand up to an abusive father but found comfort in a few words. There were some girls in pain over refusal by classmates, and some who had deep traumas. The first sentence in their notebooks read, “Please don’t read this.”(但她记得最多的是那些找到了用笔和纸来表达自己感情的人。也有一些男孩没有勇气反抗一位虐待他的父亲，但却在几句话中找到了安慰。有一些女孩因为被同学拒绝而痛苦，还有一些女孩有很深的创伤。她们笔记本上的第一句话是：“请不要读这个。”)”可推知，本段中学生在笔记本中写下了他们遭受的痛苦。故选C项。
38．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He told her that his parents were addicted to wine, that there seemed to be no future for him, and that he knew he was a mistake to them.But she made him feel like he was “more”. He said he’d stayed alive to see what that “more” was going to be. (他告诉她，他的父母对葡萄酒上瘾，他似乎没有未来，他知道自己对他们来说是个错误。但她让他觉得自己“更多”。他说他活着是为了看看“更多”会是什么)”可知，罗布说到自己似乎没有未来，对父母而言是个错误，但史密斯小姐使他重新燃起希望，所以罗布是非常感激的。故选D项。
39．A
40．B
41．C
42．B
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要通过研究者的研究以及教育家的实验证明了教学是一种有效的学习方式。
39．
细节理解题。根据第一段““For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca.(罗马哲学家塞内卡说：“几千年来，人们都知道，理解一个概念的最佳方式是向他人解释。我们教的同时，我们也在学习。”)”以及第二段“Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively.(研究人员发现，报名辅导他人的学生更努力地理解材料，更准确地回忆材料，更有效地应用材料)”可知，教别人有助于自己学习，研究人员通过他们的研究重新发现塞内卡的思想今天仍然适用。故选A项。
40．
推理判断题。根据第三段“But the most cutting-edge (前沿的) tool under development is the “teachable agent” — a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world puter scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students.(但目前正在开发的最先进的工具是“可教代理”——一个计算机化的角色，它像真实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错和提问。计算机科学家创造了一个名为贝蒂大脑的动画人物，数百名中学生向她“传授”了环境科学知识)”可知，贝蒂大脑是由计算机科学家创造的，学生们可以向其传授知识，所以贝蒂大脑是一个正在开发的教学工具。故选B项。
41．
细节理解题。根据第三段“While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.(在准备教学的同时，他们组织自己的知识，提高自己的理解能力。当他们向它解释信息时，他们会发现自己思维中的问题)”可知，教别人会使得学生受益，是因为在准备教学的同时，他们可以更好地学习他们的学术科目。故选C项。
42．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning.(最重要的是，一个人在教学中经历的情感促进了学习)”可知，情感参与是使学生导师学习变得容易的关键因素。故选B项。
43．C
44．A
45．D
46．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文。有研究表明，每日参加适量课外活动的儿童，不但能减少内脏脂肪，强身健体，还能促进大脑思维，提高注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力，改善他们的成绩单。
43．
词句猜测题。根据第一段“A new study of elementary-age children shows that those who were not part of an after-school exercise program tended to pack on a particular type of body fat that can have deleterious impacts on brain health and thinking. (一项针对小学儿童的新研究表明，那些没有参加课后锻炼项目的儿童往往会增加一种特定类型的体脂，这种体脂会对大脑健康和思维产生deleterious的影响。)”，根据前一句“Better grades might be found on the playground. (在操场上可能会有更好的成绩。)”可知，多去操场锻炼的人，成绩好，因为参加锻炼会对大脑、思维产生良好的影响，因此可推知，不参加课后锻炼，则会对大脑、思维产生相反的影响。A. inevitable必然发生的；B. vigilant警觉的；C. harmful有害的；D. beneficial有益的。故deleterious与C项harmful意思相近。故选C项。
44．
推理判断题。根据第四段“After the trial the exercising children who were obese at the study’s onset had less visceral fat relative to their starting weight, even if they remained overweight. They also showed significant improvements in their scores on a computerized test that measures how well children pay attention, process information and avoid being impulsive. Notably a similar effect was observed in children whose weight was normal at the start. Across the board the more visceral fat a child shed during the nine months of play, the better he or she performed on the test. (在试验结束后，那些在研究开始时就肥胖的儿童，即使他们仍然超重，与他们开始体重相比，内脏脂肪也较少。在一项计算机测试中，他们的分数也有了显著提高，该测试衡量了孩子们的注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力。值得注意的是，在一开始体重正常的儿童身上也观察到了类似的效应。总的来说，孩子在九个月的玩耍中减掉的内脏脂肪越多，他或她在测试中的表现就越好。)”可知，研究人员研究发现，无论是原来肥胖的还是体重正常的孩子，经过一段时间的运动，内脏脂肪减少，注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力的分数也有提高，减的内脏脂肪越多的孩子，测试表现越好，故推知：游戏能减内脏脂肪，提高脑力。故选A项。
45．
细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Lauren Raine, a postdoctoral researcher at Northeastern University who conducted the study with Charles Hillman and others, says that the trial was designed to study aerobic fitness and children’s ability to think not the relation of abdominal flab to inflammation. (美国东北大学的博士后研究员劳伦·瑞恩和查尔斯·希尔曼等人一起进行了这项研究，她说，这项试验的目的是研究有氧健身和儿童的思维能力，而不是腹部赘肉与炎症的关系。)”可知，这个研究主要重点是为了了解游戏运动是否影响儿童的大脑思维，从而影响到成绩。故选D项。
46．
主旨大意题。根据通读全文，尤其是最后一段的最后一句“More broadly, Raine says the study suggests that getting children to run around won’t just enhance their bodies—it might also improve their report cards. (更广泛地说，Raine说，这项研究表明，让孩子们到处跑不仅能增强他们的身体素质，还可能改善他们的成绩单。)”可知，鼓励孩子到操场上进行课外活动锻炼，可以强身健体，减少内脏脂肪，还能提高思维能力，提高分数。B项“Losing Fat, Gaining Brain Power, on the Playground (减脂，增强脑力，在操场上)”符合主旨。故选B项。
47．D
48．A
49．B
50．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上幼儿园时的一位老师用她独特的教育方式和理念让作者受益终身。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And I would bring back what I wrote and she would see there were so many spelling and grammatical mistakes, but no red corrections. Instead, always a star. (我会把我写的东西带回来，她会发现有很多拼写和语法错误，但没有红色的更正。相反，我永远是一个明星。)”可知，作者的母亲去学校见Mrs White是因为作者的作业中有很多拼写和语法上的错误，但老师并没有用红笔给他修正。母亲对此表示疑惑，所以决定去学校见作者的老师。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。结合画线单词前后的“The boy is just beginning to get excited about using words and forming sentences.(这个男孩才刚刚开始对使用单词和形成句子感到兴奋。)”和“She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly. (她让表达的喜悦、惊奇和兴奋开花了——无论多么不完美。)”可以推知，Mrs White 不想减弱学生对使用词汇和造句的热情，dampen意为“减弱，抑制”，与weaken含义相近。故选A。
3.推理判断题。通读第三段，尤其是“I don’t want to dampen the enthusiasm with red marks. Spelling and grammar can wait. The wonder of words doesn`t.(我不想用红色的标记来减弱人们的热情。拼写和语法可以等待。文字的奇迹并不能。)”和“ I look back now and think she must have been a rather extraordinary teacher. She allowed the joy, wonder and excitement of expression to flower—however imperfectly.(现在回想起来，我觉得她一定是一个相当出色的老师。她让表达的喜悦、惊奇和兴奋开花了——无论多么不完美。)”可知，Mrs White认为，对于刚开始学习词汇和句法的孩子来说，培养他们对此的兴趣和学习的自信心是最重要的。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I used to misspell “beautiful”. Never could I quite remember that the ‘e' went before ‘a’，which made my high school teacher very angry.(我以前常常拼错“漂亮”。我从来不记得e在a之前，这让我的高中老师非常生气。) ”可知，作者的老师因为他的拼写错误而恼火，因此推断他的高中老师对于他犯的拼写错误不满意。故选B。
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