(共31张PPT)
Unit 6
Disaster and hope
Using language
— Ellipsis(省略)
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
- Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
这段简短的对话中都省略了哪些词呢？
Watch and Observe
- Excuse me!
- Yes
- Is this your handbag
Pardon
- Is this your handbag
- Yes, it is.
- Thank you very much.
(You)
(I beg your) - pardon.
my handbag.
(I)
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a It's just typical that my journey is on one of the
oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
b My office is only on the third floor of the
building, so quite low.
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
What has been left out in sentences (a) and (b)
c It's just typical that my journey is on one of the
oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest lines.
d My office is only on the third floor of the
building, so it is quite low.
Why does the author leave them out
“Lines” has been left out in sentence (a), and “it is” has been left out in sentence (b).
The author leaves them out to avoid repeating the word or expression that is too obvious, and to make the sentences more concise(简洁的).
Ellipsis
省略
定义：为了使语言简洁化、并且为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略（Ellipsis)。
Focus on
基本用法
① (You) Come in, please.
② (I) See you tomorrow.
③ (I) Thank you for your help.
④ (I) Beg your pardon.
简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。
①(It) Sounds a good idea.
②(Will you) Have a smoke
③(Would you like) Something to drink
④(You come) This way, please.
2. 省略主语或谓语的一部分
3. 省略宾语
①- Do you know Miss Hu
- I don’t know (her).
②Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
可以省略宾语的全部
①Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).
②- Are you a teacher
- No, but I want to be (a teacher).
③- He hasn’t finished the task.
- Well, he ought to have (finished it).
可以省略作宾语的动词不定式, 只保留to, 但如果该宾语是动词be或完成形式, 则须在to后加上be或have。
①- Are you thirsty
- Yes, I am (thirsty).
②His brother isn’t lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).
4. 省略表语
①- Are you feeling better now
- (I’m feeling) Better (now).
②- When did you read the novel
- (I read it) Long ago.
③Let’s meet at the school gate as the
same as (we met) yesterday.
5. 同时省略几个句子成分
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
①Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t (come to school to see me the next day).
②Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).
③She was poor but (she was) honest.
并列句中的省略
1. 主句中的省略
1) 主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。
(It’s a) Pity you couldn’t come.
2) 在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。
- Shall I go to play
- If you like (you can go to play).
复合句中的省略
2. 宾语从句中的省略
1) 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。
Please pass me one of these books and I don’t care which (you pass me).
2) 在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与 not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。
- Do you think it will rain
- I hope not (that it will not rain).
3. 状语从句中的省略
1) 状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。
①John will go if Mary will (go).
②You can ask me questions if (there are)
any (questions).
2) 有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
3) 以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。
After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been).
4) 在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。
①When (you are) crossing the road, you’d better look at both sides.
②Unless (I am) invited I will not go.
③While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife, he stooped to talk to a workman.
1. that的省略
(1) 宾语从句中常省略that, 但多个宾语
从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
(2) 定语从句中that作宾语时可以省略。
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday
was hers.
其它省略
2. 不定式符号to的省略
(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
The boy did nothing but play.
(3) 介词but前若有实义动词do, 后面不定式
不带to。
①I will help (to) do it for you.
②I will help you (to) do it.
(2) help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾
补的不定式符号to可带可不带。
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
①I saw the boy fall from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
②The boss made us work 12 hours a day.
We were made to work 12 hours a day.
(4) 某些使役动词 (let, make, have)及感官动词 (see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等) 后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to, 但在被动语态中须将to复原。
(5) 主语从句中有实义动词do, 后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。
What we can do now is (to) wait.
3. 条件从句中有should, were或had时,
可以省略if, 但要将should, were或had
提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
1. signs/labels
No parking.
(No parking is allowed here.)
Quiet!
(You should be quiet here.)
2. newspaper headlines
Turandot on stage.
(The opera Turandot is being performed
on stage.)
一些特殊结构中的省略
3. instructions
Do not bend!
(Do not bend this envelope.)
4. postcards/diaries
Best wishes.
(I give you my best wishes.)
5. notes
Opera OK, costumes great.
(The opera was OK, and the costumes
were great.)
Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather. Nature has its ways, too. Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period. If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly, it may rain. And next time you look up at the sky, don't just look for rain clouds, but also for birds. If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching. Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won't tell us when and where.So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
Read the paragraph and find out what words have been removed before or after the underlined word.
P65 2
(to forecast the weather)
(that's on the way)
(than usual)
(look)
(something bad is going to happen)
(something bad is going to happen)
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P65 3
Read the news report in Activity 3, and remove words to make it more concise.
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1. 省略的概念：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分。
2. 可省略的成分。
3. 用省略的情况。
从语用的角度看，在不违反语法结构规则以及不产生歧义的前提下，恰当运用省略，具有多方面的语用效果。例如：简略旧信息，突显新信息；避免罗嗦，衔接连贯；蕴涵想象空间，增强语言美感；在各种语体中，表现不同的言语风格。
语言中存在大量的省略现象。当我们不想重复意思很明确的单词或短语时，可使用省略形式。
使用省略是使句子变得简练的有效方法。英语的并列句、短语以及主从句中都有运用省略的情况。我们虽省去了句子语法构造所需要的一种或多种组成部分，但仍能够清晰表达含义。
Self-evaluation
Can you use ellipsis correctly
各个击破
注: 另附 word 文档。
点击此处链接
1. Haven’t seen you for ages.
____________________________
2. Some more tea
____________________________
3. Sounds like a good idea.
____________________________
4. Doesn’t matter.
____________________________
5. Sorry to hear that.
____________________________
I haven’t seen you for ages.
Would you like some more tea
That/It sounds like a good idea.
Quiz I: Find out what have been left out.
It doesn’t matter.
I’m sorry to hear that.
6. Pity you couldn’t come.
____________________________
7. This way, please.
____________________________
8. Terrible weather!
____________________________
9. Joining us for a drink
____________________________
10. Going to the supermarket
____________________________
It’s / What a pity you couldn’t come.
Step / Come this way, please.
What terrible weather it is!
Are you joining us for a drink
Are you going to the supermarket
1. 我的兄弟抽烟，而我不抽烟。
_____________________________________
2. 一旦出版，这部小说将成为今年的畅销书之
一。
_____________________________________
3. 过马路要小心。
_____________________________________
4. 我只能按照别人告我的方法去做。
_____________________________________
5. - 那袋子沉么？
- 不很沉。
_____________________________________
My brother smokes, but I don’t (smoke).
Quiz II: Translate the sentences.
When(the novel is) published, the novel
will become one of the best sellers of the year.
When (you are) crossing the road, (you must) be careful.
I can only do it (the way) as (I was) told (to do it in that way).
- Is that bag heavy - (It's) Not very (heavy).
Angela: What is your favourite kind of music
David: (My favourite kind of music is) jazz.
Angela: Is it really
David: Yes, it is.
Angela: Have you got a favourite jazz musician
David: Have you ever heard of Louis Armstrong
Angela: Mmm... he played the trumpet, didn't he
David: Yes, he did. He was a good singer, too.
Angela: Have you got many of his CDs
David: I've got only two CDs.
Angela: Can I borrow one of those CDs
David: Yes, of course you can borrow one.
Quiz III: Put brackets around the words that can be left out. The first example is done for you.
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Homework
1. Finish the exercises of Grammar part in Learning English.
2. Preview the passage Stars after the storm on pages 68-69.
