(共70张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
due adj. ______ ______ ______
欠款的
预定的
到期的
1. 这笔钱是欠我的，而我至今尚未拿到。
The money __ ____ __ ___, but I haven’t
got it yet.
2. 他预定明天离开北京。
He __ ___ __ _____ Beijing tomorrow.
3. 银行贷款本月到期。
The bank loan __ ____ ____ _______.
is due to me
is due to leave
is due
this month
因为，由于
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
due to
because of
thanks to
owing to
as a result of
The brother and sister walked difficultly step by step ____ ___ ___ ______.
due to the storm
Her success was ____ ___ her hard work.
due to
You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟而且还上了瘾。
become / be addicted to 对……入迷，成瘾
Her son ___ ________ ___ computer games.
is addicted to
They have become addicted to
________.
drinking
by the way 顺便提一下
e.g. By the way, do you have any idea
where the post office is 顺便问一下, 你知道邮局在哪儿吗
顺便说
用这种方法
在……途中
一路上，始终
在某种程度上
挡道，妨碍
by the way
in this way
on the way
all the way
in a way
in the way
1. ____ ____ _____, do you have any
idea where the post office is
2. The children have some candy to
eat ___ ____ ____ home.
3. They were singing ___ ___ _____.
By the way
on the way
all the way
4. __ ___ ____, he found himself another
life, as his daughter suggested.
5. The work is well done ___ ___ ____.
6. Her social life got ___ ____ ____ of her
studies.
In this way
in a way
in the way
The boy _______ ___________ __ ________ every morning.
became accustomed to
reading
He coughed _____ ____ _____ _____.
over and over again
Automobile exhaust can _____ ______________ children.
have
a bad effect on
The medicine __________________ the patient.
has a good effect on
Decide on a day to quit.
决定一个开始戒烟的日子。
We ________ ____ Spain for our holiday this year.
decided on
the first time
第一次
每次
一……就……
最后一次
一……就……
下次
the moment / minute / instant
every time/each time
the last time
immediately
next time
1. 每次我去看他，他总是在忙着工作。
______ _____ I go to see him, he is
always busy working.
2. 他一到，我就告诉他了。
I told him ____________ he arrived.
I told him ____ ________ he arrived.
3. 我第一次给学生做演讲时感到很紧张。
I felt nervous ___ ____ ____ I gave a
speech to many students.
Every time
immediately
the moment
the first time
1. 表示“摸起来像……”
The elephant
_____ ____ a rope.
大象摸起来像根绳子。
feels like
2. 表示“感觉像(是)……”
My legs ____ ____ cotton wool.
我感觉两条腿像棉花一样。
feel like
3. 表示“想吃或喝……”
Do you ____ ____ a drink
你想喝点什么吗
feel like
4. 表示“想做……” (后接doing)
I don’t ____ ____ cooking. Let’s eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。
feel like
They ___ ____ _____ physical exercise.
feel like doing
quit vt. (quit --- quit --- quit;
quit --- quitted --- quitted)
1. 离开; 退出 He _______ Paris after a week. 他一周后离开了巴黎。
2. 放弃 [+v-ing] He has ____ smoking. 他已戒了烟。
quitted
quit
1. 这次的事故是由于工人们的粗心大意造成的。
The accident was _______ the carelessness of the workers.
2. 这意味你的身体习惯了尼古丁。
This means that your body _______ _____________ having nicotine in it.
due to
became
accustomed to
3. 我第一次看你的卷子时没有看出这个
错误。
I overlooked this mistake in your
paper ____________ I read it.
4. 每次你想要玩电脑游戏时，提醒自己必
须先要学习。
Every time you ________________
computer games, remind that you
must study first.
the first time
feel like playing
5. 颜色不仅是我们自身的镜子，而且影响
着我们。
Colors not only are a mirror of
ourselves, but they _________________
us as well.
have an effect on
11. in spite of ______ ( ___ 词短语)
尽管
介
I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨我仍外出了。
后接名词
in spite of ; despite; although; though
虽然；尽管
介词
连词
单词短语
句子
都有“_____”的意思，despite是 __ 词，后接 __ 词或 __词；而although = ______ 是__ 词，后接表示让步的状语从句。例如： I think he is sad, _______ / _________ his smiles. 尽管他在微笑，我认为他很悲伤。 We went for a walk ________/_______ it was raining. 尽管下雨，我们还是去散步了。
尽管
介
名
代
though
连
despite
in spite of
although
though
12. take risks ________
take risks _____ 为……而冒险
take risks _____ 冒险做……
冒险
for
to do
e.g. They never take risks for god.
他们从不为神冒险。
Take risks to improve your business.
冒险改善你的业务。
13. get into
1) _____ get into the door 2) _____ get into the habit 3) _____ get into water
进入
养成
陷入
1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.
令人吃惊的是，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。
此句中，it作 ________, that引导的从句作 ________, seem为 ______, 所以此句为it + 系动词 + 形容词 + that从句的结构。
形式主语
真正主语
系动词
2. I think my long and active life must
be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿且精力充沛，这都要归功于我过的健康生活。
此句中包含两个从句, 一为think的 ____ ____ (my long …live), 省略关系词 ____; 另一个为名词life的 ________ (I live), 省略关系代词 _________, 关系代词在定语从句中作 ____, 可省略。
宾语
从句
that
定语从句
that/which
宾语
3. As you know, if you do the same thing
over and over again, you begin to do it
automatically.
正如你所知道的，如果你反复的做同样的一件事，你就会自动做它。
As you know为 _________________, 其余部分为主句; 在主句中包含一个if引导的____________。
非限制性定语从句
条件状语从句
正如你所知道的，我们村是如此的遥远
以致于没有食物供应就无法生存。
____________, our village is so remote that we can’t live without food supply.
2. 正如报纸上报道的，一些珍稀艺术品这
周末就会展出。
_____________ in the newspaper, some artistic treasures will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend.
As you know
As is reported
4. I believed I was happier and more
relaxed after having a cigarette, so I
began to think that I could only feel
good when I smoked.
我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就以为抽烟才能让自己感觉良好。
此句为复合句，主句为I believed I was … cigarette, 从句为so引导的 _____________。主句中I was … a cigarette 作动词believed的 _________, 省略关系词 ____; 从句中含有that引导的think后的 ________, when I smoked作that从句中的 ____________。
结果状语从句
宾语从句
that
宾语从句
时间状语从句
5. But I did finally manage.
但是我终于还是戒掉了。
在“do + 动词原形”中，do为助动词，意为 _________________, 用于肯定句和祈使句中，起到加强语气的作用，有 _____ 和 ____ 的变化。
确实，的确，真的
人称
数
千万要小心。
_________________
2. 她英语说得确实好。
__________________________
3. 汤姆昨天确实来过这儿。
__________________________
Do be careful!
She does speak English well.
Tom did come here yesterday.
6. When I was young, I didn’t know much
about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。
When I was young在此句中作 ________, 介词about宾语为 ____________________
________。effect是 _____, 意为_________________。
时间状语
the harmful effects of smoking
名词
影响，作用，效果
7. Neither did I know that my cigarette
smoke could affect the health of
non-smokers.
我也不知道，我自己吸烟还会危害那些不吸烟人的健康。
句中的neither是代词，代替上句中的某成分，表示前面说的情况同样不适用于另一件事或人；助动词、系动词或情态动词必须与 _____ 保持数的一致。如果表示肯定，适用，则用so+助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词+主语。
主语
1. 我不喜欢看新闻，我也不关心政治。
I don’t like watching TV news, nor do I care about politics.
2. 玛丽已经写完了作文，我也写完了。
Mary has finished the composition, so have I.
8. However, what I did know was that my
girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.
然而，我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。
此句为主系表结构，主语为 what I did know, what 引导的 _________; 表语为that … terrible, that引导的 _________, 在that从句中还含有一个省略that的宾语从句(I smelt terrible.)
主语从句
表语从句
9. When I was taken off the school
football team because I was unfit, I
knew it was time to quit smoking.
当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。
此句为复合句，主句为I knew…smoking, 从句是when…unfit，when引导的_____________; because I was unfit 在从 句中作 ________，it was time to quit smoking在主句中作knew的 _____。
时间状语从句
原因状语
宾语
________ for him ______________.
It’s time
to go to school
It’s (high) time (that) sb. ____ sth. / _______ do sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
It is the first /second … time that sb. ________ ______ sth.
It was the first/second … time that sb. ____ ______ sth.
这是某人第一次、第二次……做某事。
have/has done
had done
did
should
10. This means that after a while your
body becomes accustomed to having
nicotine in cigarettes.
这意味着，过一段时间之后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
此句中含有一个that引导的 ____ 从句(that…cigarettes), become accustomed to 意为 ______, to为 ____, 后接名词、动名词。
宾语
习惯于
介词
11. Every time you feel like smoking a
cigarette, remind yourself that you
are a non-smoker.
每次你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒自己，你不是一个吸烟的人了。
此句为复合句，every time在句中作_____, 后接 _____________, 表示“______”。
连词
时间状语从句
每次Unit 3单元测试卷2
笔试部分
单项选择
21．Mary comes downstairs to ______ a customer complaining about the poor service.
A. hear B. overhear C. see D. watch
22．As you ______ new words in context, it is a very good method for you to guess their meanings.
A. come about B. come across C. come out D. come up
23. The river would soon ______ if it continued drought.
A．die out B。dry out C．die away D。dry up
24. She is ________ a friend _____ a mother.
A. rather---than B. more---than C. as---as D. preferring---to
25. He brings a lot of profits to the company. He ______ well of his boss.
A. deserves B. is worth C. reserves D. is worthy
26. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
27. Many people stood near the bus stop, nervously waiting to______
A. pick up B. picking up
C. to be picked up D. being picked up
28. -------Do you think it is going to rain over the weekend
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
29. -------How was your dinner date, dear
-------Very nice. __________
A. Much more than I could have imagined
B. I can’t wait to have it again
C. Could have helped myself to some more
D. If they had served better
30. ------This area ______ wildlife. Which phrase is false
A. is abundant in B. is abundant with
C. is filled in D. is rich in
31. This is ________you are mistaken.
A. what B. which C. where D. that
32. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. where B. which C. when D. what
33. ------Do all _______ you think are right, _______ others say.
------yes, I________.
A. what; as; do B. as; no matter what; will
C. that; whatever; will D. what; whatever; must
34. I can think of many cases, ________students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. which B. as C. what D. where
35. Was it in the village ______ we used to live in _________ the accident happened
A. that; where B. which; that C. where; that D. which; where
完形填空
The measure of a man’s character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out. —Thomas Macaulay?
Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs Nanette O’Neil gave an arithmetic(算术) ___ 36 ___ to our class. When the papers were ___ 37 ___ she discovered that twelve boys had made the same mistakes throughout the test.?
There is really nothing new about ___38___ in the exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs O’Neill ___39___ even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to ___40___ after class. I was one of the twelve. Mrs O’Neillasked ___41___
questions, and she didn’t ___42___ us either. Macaulay, she wrote on the blackboard the ___43___ words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to ___44___ these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.?
I don’t ___45___ about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most important single ___46___ of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay’s words, they ___47___ seem to me the best yard-stick(准绳), because they give us a ___48___ to measure ourselves rather than others. ___49___ of us are asked to make ___50___ decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called ___51___ daily to make a great many personal decisions. ___52___ the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman Should the ___53___ change received at the store be forgotten or ___54___ Nobody will know except ___55___. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.
36. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson
37. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered
38. A. lying B. cheating C. guessing D. discussing
39. A. didn’t B. did C. would D. wouldn’t
40. A. come B. leave C. remain D. apologize
41. A. no B. certain C. many D. more
42. A. excuse B. reject C. help D. scold
43. A. above B. common C. following D. unusual
44. A. repeat B. get C. put D. copy
45. A. worry B. know C. hear D. talk
46. A. chance B. incident C. lesson D. memory
47. A. even B. still C. always D. almost
48. A. way B. sentence C. choice D. reason
49. A. All B. Few C. Some D. None
50. A. quick B. wise C. great D. personal
51. A. out B. for C. up D. upon
52. A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need
53. A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary
54. A. paid B. remembered C. shared D. returned
55. A. me B. you C. us D. then
阅读理解
A
When I was younger, bedtime was always my favorite part of the day. Wearing soft pajamas and with Ian, my stuffed monkey, in my arms, I felt no pressure at all.
I named Ian after my uncle when I compared Ian’s long arms and legs to his. One night I ran up to Uncle Ian at a family party and told him I had named my monkey after him. His eyebrows wrinkled in confusion, then a chuckle（哈哈笑）escaped his lips. I guess he didn’t understand how important it was to me.
Even if Uncle Ian didn’t think my monkey was special, I certainly did. I dressed him in a white baby nightgown. My mother thought that Ian was the best-dressed stuffed animal in the world. Yes, he was certainly a fashionable creature. The strong cologne（科隆香水）I used on him years ago makes him still smell “pretty”.
For a long time, Ian went everywhere with me. He was my best friend, and I told him everything. But when I turned twelve, I realized I was too old for stuffed animals. I thought people would think I was babyish, so I put him in the cupboard with the rest of my teddy bears and dolls. I begged him to understand why I was doing this, but at the same time I longed to talk to him again.
It took me several years to realize that it was OK to miss Ian. I know now that maturity（成熟）doesn’t only mean growing up and taking on more responsibility. It also means holding on to your childhood and acting young sometimes.
Ian has been with me since I was six years old holding him in my arms connects me to my past and my present as I continue to grow and understand myself.
56．Which of the following is not true according to the text
A．Bedtime used to be the writer’s favorite part of the day because of the stuffed monkey.
B．Uncle Ian liked the stuffed monkey as much as the writer.
C．The writer used to carry the monkey with her wherever she went.
D．Years later the writer realized that it was not wrong to miss Monkey Ian.
57．The writer loved Monkey Ian deeply because __________.
A．he could understand her
B．he was a fashionable monkey
C．he could talk with her
D．he was her most honest listener
58．We can learn from the text that the writer believes ________.
A．keeping stuffed animals is babyish
B．maturity doesn’t mean growing up and taking on more responsibility
C．one should keep to his childhood and act young sometimes even when he has grown up
D．human beings should be kind to animals
59．We can infer from the text that _________.
A．the writer is still a teenager
B．the writer is now a middle-aged woman
C．Monkey Ian got angry for being left alone
D．Uncle Ian has a monkey-like face
B
“The Lord of the Rings”, one of the best sellers in the new millennium（千年）, was made up of three parts——“The Fellowship of the Ring”, “Two Towers”, and “The Return of the King”. Millions upon millions of people have read it in over 25 different languages, but fewer know about the author and the history of the composition of the creative materwork.
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in South Africa in 1892. His parents died when he was a child. Living in England with his aunt, Tolkien and his cousins made up play languages, a hobby that led to Tolkien’s becoming skilled in Welsh, Greek, Gothic, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon.
After graduating from Oxford, Tolkien served in World War I. In 1917, while recovering from trench fever, he began composing the mythology for The Rings. As a professor of Anglo-Saxon in 1930s at Oxford, Tolkien was part of an informal discussion group called the Inklings, which included several writers. The group was soon listening to chapters of Tolkien’s imaginative work “The Hobbit”.
Hobbit was a name Tolkien created for a local people that could best be described as half-sized members of the English rural（乡村的）class. Hobbits live in hillside holes. One of them, Bilbo Baggins, looks for treasures with a group of dwarves（侏儒）. On the way, he meets the twisted, pitiful creature Gollum, from whom he sees a golden ring that makes the holder invisible.
One of Tolkien’s students persuaded her employer, publisher Allen & Unwin, to look at a draft（草稿）. The chairman of the firm, Stanley Unwin, thought that the best judge for a children’s book would be his ten-year-old son. The boy earned a shilling for reporting back that the adventure was exciting, and “The Hobbit” was published in 1937.
It sold so well that Unwin asked for a continuation. Over a dozen years later, in 1954, Tolkien produced “The Lord of the Rings”, a series of books so creative that they hold readers—new and old —after their publication.
60．What can we learn from the text
A．“The Lord of the Rings” didn’t sell well in the last millennium.
B．People know better about Tolkien himself than about his works.
C．Tolkien was quite familiar with Old English.
D．Tolkien knew very well about different kinds of local languages in Africa.
61．What can we learn about “Hobbit” that Tolkien created in his works
A．Hobbit was a race living in English downtown areas.
B．Hobbit was a local people who were very tall and strong.
C．Hobbit was a social group of people who lived in old castles.
D．Hobbit was a group of people who were mostly dwarves.
62．Which of the following helped most in making “The Hobbit” published
A．One of Tolkien’s students. B．Stanley Unwin’s son.
C．Allen & Unwin. D．Bilbo Baggins.
63．What is mainly discussed in the text
A．“The Lord of the Rings” and its writer.
B．A completely new masterwork in the new millennium.
C．a famous professor at Oxford University.
D．The power of the magic ring.
64. Which of the following shows the right order of Mr J.R.R.Tolkien’s life experience
a．He had his “The Hobbit” published.
b．He became a member of the lnklings. c．He served in World WarⅠ
d．He became an undergraduate at Oxford.
e．His work “The Lord of the Rings” came to the world.
f．He moved to England to live with his aunt.
A．f-d-b-c-a-e B．f-d-c-b-a-e C．f-c-d-b-e-a D．d-f-c-a-b-e
C
★This Week’s Highlights
●Visit the new College of Engineering Alumni Web for
coming events, photo collections, and career services.
Reunion Weekend 2004 is just around the corner,
and we invite you back to BU to take part in all the
fun.
★BU Breaking News
□Boston University Professor demands Napping at the Workplace in His Speech. (3/18)
□Boston University Hosts Discussion on Putin, U.S.-Russian ties for Future. (3/11)
□BU Physicist Receives Boltzmann Award For Excellent Work In Physics at the Conference. (3/8)
★Features
□Learn more about the Young Alumni Council, serving alumni up to 15 years out of BU.
□Offer students jobs for earning income to pay their taxes.
★Student Village will be the center of BU life.
□Four BU students share their home schooling experiences, and the lessons they learned.
□Scientists at the South End will study the world’s most dangerous microbes（微生物）, and develop measures to bioterrorism.
65．Which of the following statements is true according to the webpage
A．Alumni Web cares about BU’s scientific research rather than international situations.
B．BU provides students with home schooling.
C．Reunion Weekend 2004 is one of the most important news of this week.
D．Amumni Web was set up 15 years ago.
66．The underlined word “around the corner” probably means “_________”.
A．in the immediate future B．at present
C．in the distant future D．around here
67．If you are a biology student at BU, what is most probably your first choice after you finish reading the webpage
A．Watch the video of the Discussion.
B．Buy the magazine Bostonia.
C．Watch the video of the Conference.
D．Book tickets for the Reunion Weekend.
D
American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection（感染）. Doctors at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid（氨基酸）called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. That’s the letter T, not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the body’s defenses.
First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens（抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria（细菌）. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.
In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.
Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.
Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true, he says, then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections. He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defenses.
68．We may know from the text that ________ can be found in different kinds of tea.
A．Gamma delta T cells B．L-theanine
C．interferon D．bacteria
69．Tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system because it helps ________.
A．the body to produce more interferon
B．the body to produce more gamma delta T cells
C．to add some bacteria to the blood cells
D．to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body
70．According to Dr Bukowski, ________.
A．the findings of the study have already proved to be true
B．he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it
C．further study is needed to prove the findings true
D．he is not sure whether tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer
71．What would be the best title for this Text
A．Tea Is Better Than Coffee.
B．Tea May Help Fight Infection
C．Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer.
D．Our Body Needs Tea
E
Maybe you never opened that account, but someone else did ——someone who used your name and personal information to commit fraud（造假）. When an imposter uses your name, your credit card number, or some other piece of your personal information for their own purpose –in short, when someone takes your personal information without your knowledge –it’s a crime, pure and simple.
The biggest problem is that you may not know your identity（身份）has been stolen until you notice that something’s wrong: you may get bills for a credit card account you never opened, your credit report may include debts you never knew you had, a billing cycle may pass without your receiving a statement, or you may see charges on your bills that you didn’t sign for, and even don’t know anything about.
If someone has stolen your identity, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) suggests that you take three actions immediately.
First, contact the fraud departments of each of the three major credit offices. Tell them to flag your file with a fraud alert（警告）including a statement that creditors should get your permission before opening any new accounts in your name.
Then, ask the credit offices for copies of your credit reports. Credit offices must give you a free copy of your report if it is not correct because of fraud. Review your reports carefully to make sure no additional fraudulent accounts have been opened in your name or unauthorized（侵权的）changes made to your present accounts. In a few months, order new copies of your reports to check your corrections and changes, and to make sure no new fraudulent activity has occurred.
72．What’s the subject discussed in the text
A. What you should do if your credit card is stolen.
B．What you should do if your identity is stolen.
C. What an imposter always does to make money.
D．What the Federal Trade Commission is about.
73．What should you do first when you find your identity is stolen
A．Inform creditors not to open any new accounts in your name without your permission.
B．Ask for copies of your credit reports and make sure no other frauds have been made.
C．Keep ordering new copies to check what you have already changed and corrected.
D．Always lock your ID card in your cupboard in case it should be stolen.
74．What is the most difficult thing for people to deal with identity frauds
A．No measures can work on the billing cycle.
B．There is no strict law for this kind of behaviors.
C．It might be a long time before you realize that.
D．The FTC does nothing except for three suggestions.
75．Which is the least possible if a fraud has happened to you
A．You may have debts in your credit card.
B．You may find charges on your bills unauthorized.
C．A new credit card may be opened in your name.
D．The fraud departments can find out the imposter right away.
短文改错
A traveller hurried down to the hall of the hotel.
76._____________
He had only 15 minutes to get to the station before the
77._____________
train started. Suddenly, he remembered that he left
78._____________
anything in his room upstairs. “Look here, boy,” he
79.______________
said to the young waiter, “run up to my room and sees
80. ______________
if I have left a bag on the table there. Be quickly,
81. ______________
please.” The boy ran upstairs. Five minutes were
82. ______________
passed. The traveller was walking up or down in the
83. ______________
hall, look at his watch again and again. At last, the boy
appeared. 84. ______________
“Yes, sir, he reported to the travellers. don’t
85. ______________
worry about it, you have left your bag there, it’s right
on the table in your room. ”
第三部分 书面表达
Read this letter and imagine you are the adviser who deals with students’ problems. Write a letter to give Xiaolei some helpful advice.
Dear…,
Can you help me, please I have tried to stop smoking several times. I am OK for two days and then I feel really sick and irritable and I have to start smoking again. I know smoking is a bad habit, but I just can’t seem to give it up. Do you have any useful tips
Your sincerely,
Li Xiaolei
参考答案
单项选择
21-25 BBDBA 26-30 ACDAC 31-35 CDCDB
完形填空
36. A选项B和C与下一句中 papers在数上不一致，选项 D不合文意。根据文意及 papers 、test 两词的提示可决定选A，表示一次算数测验。
37.C that从句所表示的情况只有在评卷时才会发现，故选C. paper作为可数名词可表示“试卷”，mark the papers意为“评卷”， answer the papers 意为“答卷”，complete the papers意为“答完试卷”,examine与the papers不能搭配。
38.B 下一句末尾的it指的就是本题要填的词，而这个词所表示的事情显然与这十二位男生有关。从上文已知道这十二位男生在考试中所出的错误完全一样，那么这是件什么性质的事情呢？显然是“作弊行为”，根据词义，应选B。本句的意思是：“考试中的作弊确实没有什么新招。”
39.A 正因为Mrs O’Neill了解学生一般怎样在考试中作弊的，所以她对此什么话也没说。根据文意及下一句中的only可以决定本题应用否定形式。这里强调的是一个事实而不是一个意愿，故选A，而不选D。
40.C 下一段是包括作者在内的十二位同学课后留下来的情况，故选C。文中没有apologize
的内容，故应排除D。
41.A 第二分句的either一般用于否定一个情况后又否定一个情况的场合，因此，本题必须用否定词。四个选项中只有A适合。
42.D 首先排除B、C两项。表示“原谅”时excuse常与me连用，excuse me表示“对不起”、“请原谅”，作为客套语，常用于要走开、询问、插话、表示异议等场合。表示这一意思时，excuse通常不用与句中与其他人称代词连用，故排除A。scold符合句意，故选D，句意是：“既没问问题，也没有训斥”。
43.A Thomas Macaulay的名言已出现在本文的开头,故选A。above作定语是可位于被修饰名词的前面，也可位于后，The above words = the words above意为“以上的话”。
44.D A、B、C三项中的动词都不能使麦考莱的话进入练习本，只有copy这一动作得以完成，
故选D。指语言时，repeat通常指口头重复。麦考莱这句名言的意思是：“衡量一个人的真
正为人，要看他在知道永远不会被人发现的情况下做些什么。”
45.B 下文所述内容主要是作者学习了麦考莱这句名言以后的感受及对他以后性格的影响，
但至于另十一位同学的感受，作者不了解，故选B。
46．C 指自己日后受益匪浅的“教训”，incident与句子主语it一致，指这件事，但incident一词没有反映出下文作者所叙述的思想变化，故应排除。A、D两项与文意不符。47．B 虽然时隔三十年，时间那么长久，但麦考莱的名言对于作者来说仍然是记忆犹新，是生活准绳，选B。本题用still与前面的Thirty years构成时间上的对比。
48．A 这里是指衡量自己的一种方法，故选A。
49．B 根据下一句But all of us，这里应用否定词，故排除A、C。我们当中总要有人作出象国家是否参加战争、军队是否去打仗这样的重大决定，但做出这样重大决定的人毕竟为数不多，故排除D而选B。
50.C 这样的决定当然是重大决定，故选C。
51．D call on sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”。call sb. out意为“把某人叫出去”，call sb. up意为“给某人打电话”，两者虽然能接不定式，但不符合语境。call forsb.虽也有“要求某人”之意，但不能接不定式。
52．A 下一问句已有提示。A项表示“应该或不应该做某事”。
53．A change在这里作“零钱”解。把这一题和余下一题结合起来理解，不难选出extra与returned这两词相符答案，本题选A。
54．D 多余的找头应该归还，故选D。
55．B 根据下一句中的主语，这里应选B。意思是 ：“这样的事只有你知道”。这里的you是泛指，指任何人。
阅读理解
56-60BDCAC 61-65DBABC
66-70ABBAC 71-75BBACD
短文改错
76．第二个the改为a 77．正确
78． 在left前加had 79．anything改为something
80．sees改为see 81．quickly改为quick
82．删去were 83．or改为and
84．look改为looking 85．travellers改为traveller
书面表达
Dear Li Xiaolei,
I am sorry you have had so much trouble to stop smoking, but I am glad you are still trying. I hope the tips below will help you.
First of all, don’t give up. The more often you try the more likely you are to eventually succeed.
When you feel irritable, don’t automatically reach for a cigarette to make you feel better. Take a few moments to relax. Start by breathing deeply and lifting your arms out to the side and over your head.
It is a good idea to drink lots of water and eat lots of fruit when you are quitting smoking. This will help to remove the nicotine from your body faster and you won’t feel so sick.
It is normal to feel a little stressed when you first give up smoking, but try to remember that it will only last a few days and then you will begin to feel much better.
Keep up the good work, Li Xiaolei, and remind yourself how much healthier you will be when you finally quit.
Good luck and best wishes,
Sun Gao
The Alumni Magazine
Winter 2003Living with HIV
艾滋病患者是病人，不是罪人。他们应该受到社会的尊重，艾滋病患者则更应该尊重自己！
My name is Nick, and I’m 15 years old. I’ve lived with HIV since I was 11, and at that time I hated studying and lost interest in anything. So I got involved with some unprincipled (不道德的) boys, and became addicted to drugs.
A good friend of my father was a police officer and he knew something was up. He followed me one night to the man I got my drugs from and he caught the man and me. It was later discovered that I had HIV. I felt hopeless. I couldn’t live like that and I didn’t want to. So I took a knife to my wrist, and tried to kill myself. My brother was the one to find me lying there on the bathroom floor.
My family decided to move later that year, a fresh start they said, a chance to forget the past. I started a new school, in the 7th grade. I sat in class and I felt alive for the first time in years. At the start of my high school I told my best friend that I was positive, and I was terrified of how she would react. I was shocked when she laughed and said it was not such a big world after all. She told me she had been infected with HIV in a blood transfusion.
Whenever I feel down I know I can pick up the phone and call her. I know I have someone to talk to. But you know the question I ask myself every day: Why did I do what I did I hope you don’t make my mistakes. Don’t be stupid. Live life to the fullest and never give up your dreams. I know I haven’t. I wake up every morning and I tell myself that I’m going to live one more day to see my friends again, or to walk down the hall at school screaming rock songs at the top of my voice. I know that one day I will die, but I plan to live a life that is as full as I can make it.
Be safe. Be smart, and live a full life!
From: www.uniteforchildren.org
True (T) or False (F):
1. Nick was infected with HIV by receiving infected blood transfusions.
2. Nick felt hopeless when he got to know that he got HIV and ever tried to kill himself.
Key:
1. F 2. Tit——天下第一指代词
[温故知新]
英语中的it 一词看似简单，但“麻雀虽小，五脏俱全”。它词义广泛，指代范围广，既可作人称代词也可作非人称代词，既可作形式主语也可作形式宾语。下面我们就一起来学习it的指代用法。
[寓词于境]
请观察以下四组句子，看看各句中的it各指代什么，有何共同特征？
I.
1. Life is like a fire; it begins in smoke, and ends in ashes.
2. She didn’t come yesterday, and it meant that she was angry.
3. —Who is knocking at the door
—It’s me.
II.
4. It is rather windy at sea sometimes.
5. It is thousands of miles from Gambia to America.
6. It was midnight when he heard a man crying softly.
III.
7. It is never too late to mend.
8. It is no use talking to them.
9. It is said that he stole the money.
IV.
10. I think it difficult to learn English well.
11. We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite.
12. I don’t like it when people talk with the mouth full of food.
★ 用作人称代词：
1. 指代上文提到的事物。
2. 指代上文提到的事情。
3. 指代人。
★ 用作非人称代词：
4. 指代天气。
5. 指代距离。
6. 指代时间。
★ 用作形式主语：
7. 用在“It is +形容词+ (for / of + sb.) +动词不定式”中，指代动词不定式。
8. 用在“It is + no use / good + 动词-ing形式”中，指代动词-ing形式。
9. 用在“It is + said / believed / reported + that从句”中，指代that从句。
★ 用作形式宾语：
10. 用在“动词+ it + 形容词 + 动词不定式”中，指代动词不定式。
11. 用在“动词+ it + 形容词 + that 从句”中，指代that从句。
12. 用在某些特殊的句式中，it也可以指代when从句或者if 从句。
[高考实例]
I. 单项选择
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. He didn’t make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津2007)
A. this B. that C. it D. these
2. ______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江2006)
A. As B. That C. This D. It
3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help. (2005全国卷III)
A. it B. she C. which D. he
4. I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东2006)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
II. 单句改错
下面的句子选自高考试题的改错部分，用你的火眼金睛把错误找出来吧！
1. You won’t find difficult to get to the city center. (2004全国卷IV)
2. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (湖北2004)
3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”.
Key: I. 1-4 CDAB
II. 1. find后加it 2. there → it 3. This → It(共49张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
What do you think is
important in our life
What is a healthy person
A healthy person is someone who is healthy in both body and mind.
The famous CCTV host, Li Yong, is
universally regarded as a healthy man.
Hui Lan, a well-known Yoga master, is
a healthy woman.
A famous singer in HK once sang a song “Monica”, and he committed suicide in 2003.
depression
a mental
disease
A famous film star in HK, whose nickname is “Fei Fei”, died of cancer.
cancer
a physical
disease
Tell which is healthy and which is unhealthy.
singing
dancing
running
swimming
playing
basketball
doing Taiji
Kung fu
smoking
drinking
alcohol
eating
too much
stress
obesity
What health issues do you think
concern young people the most
Cigarette smoking Drinking alcohol
Drug abuse Diet Physical fitness
Sexual health Stress Obesity
2. Share your list with others in your class
and make a class list of important health
issues.
3. In your group, choose one health issue
that you think is particularly important.
List five things you would like to tell
other people about this issue.
What should we do
to keep healthy
Keep a balanced diet.
Go in for proper activities.
Quit smoking.
keep in a good mood.
Proverbs on health
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
2. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a
man healthy, wealthy and wise.
3. A light heart lives long.
4. Good health is over wealth.
5. Health is happiness.
________ n. 香烟; 纸烟
________ n. 酒; 酒精
________ n. & vt. 滥用; 虐待
________ n. 压力; 重音
vt. 加压力于; 使紧张
_________ n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
________ vt. 禁止; 取缔
n. 禁令; 谴责
cigarette
alcohol
abuse
stress
adolescent
ban
abuse vt. 1) _______ 2) _______
3) _______
He abused his power while in office.
滥用
You are always abusing and offending people.
辱骂
The captive is physically abused.
虐待劝告信写作探秘
文体介绍
怎样用英文写“劝告信”是本单元的写作辅导内容。“劝告信”是书信的一种，属于应用文文体。“劝告信”的主要写作特点是表达得体、简洁，让人能够愉快地接受。人们常说“助人为乐”，能够劝导别人走出困境，给别人一些力所能及的帮助，是一件多么值得自豪的事情啊！
任务聚焦
假设你是李华，收到好朋友李明的来信，他在信上提到他挑食，吃饭不规律以及爱吃快餐等，现在经常头晕，请求你的帮助。请你给他回信并提出相应的劝告，词数约120。
激活大脑
要想写好一封“劝告信”，通常有以下几个步骤：
1. 发现问题 (discovering the problems)
收到对方的来信后，首先要仔细阅读信件，以发现信中提到的问题。通过阅读李明的来信，我们发现他的饮食习惯不好：挑食，吃饭不规律，而且特别喜欢吃汉堡、炸薯条等食品。
2. 分析问题 (analyzing the problems)
发现问题之后，我们紧接着就要分析问题。针对以上问题，我们逐条分析：挑食，不利于营养的均衡摄入，会引起营养不良；吃饭不规律，容易导致胃病；经常吃汉堡、炸薯条食品，容易导致各类疾病，严重的还会导致癌症。
3. 提出劝告 (offering practical advice)
在发现和分析问题之后，接下来就要“对症下药”。建议对方要养成良好的饮食习惯：按时吃饭，不要挑食，注意营养的均衡，不要吃垃圾食品。
范文参考
Dear Li Ming,
How are you doing I’ve received your letter. I’m sorry to hear that you’re always feeling dizzy. Maybe it’s because you don’t eat properly.
In my opinion, people shouldn’t be picky about food, because this may prevent people from taking in various minerals that his or her body needs. Besides, not having regular meals may result in stomach trouble. So one should have regular meals. As for junk food, it contains less nutrition than vegetables or fruit, and it may cause many diseases even cancer. So, for the sake of your health, stay away from junk food.
In a word, if you want to stay healthy, you should have a balanced diet. And I hope to hear you feel better soon.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li HuaHow to live a healthy life
Nowadays, it is a fashion to eat healthy food, such as organically-grown food, and do exercises to keep healthy. In brief, people are trying to live a healthy life. But what should be done to live a healthy life Different people have different ideas. Someone says to live a healthy life is to have a strong body. Some people think keeping psychologically healthy is very important. In my view, it’s essential to keep physically and psychologically healthy.
To keep physically healthy, you should do sports like running, playing basketball etc. Today more and more people go to the fitness centers. There are some popular ways of fitness like yoga which is a sensation in many big cities today. I think it is very useful for us to do some exercises very day. In this way, we can have a strong body.
More importantly, to keep psychologically healthy, you should have a good attitude towards people around you. We often say: “Attitude is everything.” It means good attitude leads to a good mood. In this way we can keep psychologically healthy. It is more sensible to have positive attitude. When you meet with some hardship, you should not be sad. You should have confidence in yourself and do something for relaxation. You should say to yourself: “I can make it. I am one in a million. I am special in this world.” In this way, you definitely have a good mood and work efficiently.
In a word, to live a healthy life is a comprehensive project in a way. We should keep healthy both psychologically and physically. In our daily life we should do some exercises and have a positive attitude toward life. We can also turn to some specialists for advice. Only in this way can we live a healthy life.(共38张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
_______ smoking
_______ smoking
stop
quit
They are ___________ men.
They are ___________ men.
determined
tough
The little monk is _____ __ carrying water like this.
The little monk is ___________ ___ carrying water like this.
used to
accustomed to
She is ____________ her performance.
She is _____________ when she falls.
ashamed of
embarrassed
He is _________ after running.
He is ___ ___ _______ after running.
breathless
out of breath
A cancer patient is always _________.
A cancer patient is always __________.
hopeless
desperate
She has an _________ husband.
Her husband is always ________ ____ _____ alcohol.
alcoholic
drinking too much
Doing exercise can make your muscle _________.
Doing exercise can
__________ your muscle.
stronger
strengthen
The woman is expecting a ______.
The woman is _________.
baby
pregnant
The male dog is so _______ that he cries.
The male dog is so ___________ that he cries.
upset
disappointed
At last, she made up her _____ ____ a pink dress.
At last, she ________ ____ a pink dress.
decided
on
mind on
Find a word or phrase from the text that means the same as the underlined words in each sentence.
1
You will be able to stop smoking
eventually if you are determined enough.
2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was
not used to the cold of Northern Europe.
3. She felt embarrassed about her body
shape, so she decided to go on a diet.
4. Running a marathon will leave you out of
breath.
5. You really have no idea just how hopeless
cancer can make you feel.
6. The effects of drinking too much alcohol
on your health can be serious.
7. Doing exercises every day can not only
make your muscles stronger but also help
you relax.
8. If you are expecting a baby, your smoking
habit might cause problems for it.
In spite of all his efforts he failed. He was
so upset about himself that he felt like crying.
10. He felt he had to make up his mind on
every step instead of taking risks.
因为, 由于
e.g. Her absence was due to the storm. 由于风雨交加她没来。
n. 香烟, 纸烟[C]
e.g. Cigarette advertising has been
banned. 香烟广告已遭禁止。
adj. 坚韧的, 牢固的, 折不断的, 顽固
的, 固执的, 不屈不挠的, 刚强的
e.g. He is a very tough man. 他是个硬汉。
adj. 1. 不相宜的, 不合适的; 不胜任的
[(+for)] [+to-v] 2. (身体上)不强健的
e.g. Phil is clearly unfit to hold a senior
position. 菲尔显然不能胜任高级职务。
n. 含酒精饮料; 酒[U]
e.g. He decided to keep off alcohol
after the accident. 发生那次事故后, 他决定不再饮酒。
n. 金属; 合金[C][U]
e.g. Heat expands metal.
热使金属膨胀。
vt. 放弃；停止 (doing)
e.g. He has quit smoking.
他已戒了烟。
n. 收回；取回；撤回；提款
e.g. Americans are considering the
withdrawal of their troops from Iraq.
美国人正在考虑从伊拉克撤军。
withdrawal symptoms 后遗症
vt. 收回，取回，撤回
e.g. She withdrew her eyes from his
smashed right hand. 她移开视线不去看他那只打烂的右手。
n. 青少年[C] adj. 青少年的, 幼稚的,
未成熟的
e.g. Man is still only adolescent.
人类还只是处于青少年时期。
对……入迷；对……上瘾；沉溺于
e.g. They are addicted to television.
她们对电视入了迷。
n. 压力; 紧张; 压迫
e.g. Tom was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations. 汤姆被考试的压力压垮了。
n. 结果; 效果, 效力; 作用; 影响
e.g. This had a great effect upon the
future of both mother and son. 这对母子俩的将来影响很大。
Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from below.
due to cigarettes tough unfit
alcohol mental quit
withdrawal adolescents
addicted to stress effects
2
Smoking _________, drinking _______ or
taking other drugs produce many harmful
______ and have no real benefits. So why
do ___________ do it Perhaps some think
it makes them look ______ or cool. Others
may think it will help them with ______ in
their lives possibly ______ pressure from
parents or teachers.
cigarettes
alcohol
effects
adolescents
tough
stress
due to
Some may just want to experiment. What
they do not realize is how easy it is to
become __________ smoking. In fact it is
the _______ addiction rather than the
physical effects that makes it really hard
to ____ smoking. When an adolescent
realizes how _____ he or she is becoming,
it is too late.
addicted to
mental
quit
unfit
Sadly the __________ symptoms can be
quite severe for some people. Of course
the best way to deal with these drugs
is not to get into the habit in the first
place!
withdrawal
3
Get into groups of four and play a game. Each person should take turns to make a sentence using one of the words below so that the group can make up a story with four sentences.
desperate disappointed ashamed addicted stressful tough pregnant breathless accustomed abnormalCHECKING CORNER
Part 1 Warming Up, Pre-reading, Reading and Comprehending
I. 根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. The postman rang the bell because he had a p________ to deliver.
2. A________ is used to describe young people who are no longer children but who have not yet become adults.
3. Jeremy lost his job last month, so he will have a t________ time.
4. Mr. Black ________ (滥用) his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends.
5. The center provides help for people suffering from ________ (精神的) illness.
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The long run left Eric feeling ________ (breath).
2. The children were very ________ (disappoint) that we wouldn’t go to the zoo.
3. You should not ________ (automatic) think that everything your teacher says is correct.
4. We tried to explain the causes of the war at a child’s level of ________ (comprehend).
5. Natural science managers usually start as a ________ (chemistry), physicist, biologist, or other natural scientist.
III. 选用下列合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空。
decide on, feel like, due to,
be accustomed to, be addicted to
1. _____________ the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.
2. OK, I have _____________ buying the jacket. How much is it
3. Nowadays a lot of children _____________ computer games.
4. It is so hot that I _____________ eating an ice cream.
5. Tom _____________ noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
IV. 根据汉语提示，将下列句子补充完整。
1. _____________ (而不是) being annoyed, Rita seemed quite pleased.
2. I’ve warned you _____________ (一遍又一遍) not to do that.
3. _____________ (虽然很疼痛), Jane managed to hold back her tears.
4. The flood in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province _____________ (对……造成很大的损害) the crops.
5. The husband _____________ (对……感到惭愧) having done so little work.
6. The patient _____________ (伸手去拿杯子) but could not get it.
V. 根据括号内的提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我姑姑每次来，都会给我带礼物。(every time)
2. 我提醒父亲他之前已经做过那件事了。(remind)
3. 看来我们队有得奖的把握。(It seems certain that ...)
4. 我发现在这么吵的地方集中注意力很难。(it)
5. Tom的小汽车很昂贵，我买不起那样的车。(as ... as)
6. Daniel已经被禁止开车，为期六个月。(ban)
VI. 选用下列合适的单词，并用其适当形式完成下面短文。
effect, desperate, alcohol, fit, stress,
strengthen, quit
We all hope to have a healthy life. But have you got into the bad habit of smoking cigarettes or becoming addicted to 1. ________ drinks Many adults have become heavy smokers or bad-tempered drinkers due to the 2. ________ of life. Although they know that smoking has a bad 3. ________ on their heart and lungs, they can’t 4. ________ it. Worse still, even some pregnant women smoke. They say smoking can relax them. In fact, smoking can make their babies 5. ________ or even abnormal. Just like smoking, drinking will also weaken people’s body instead of 6. ________ it. What’s more, heavy drinkers usually make their family disappointed and 7. ________. Sometimes drunken men take risks when they cross the streets and cause accidents.
Part 2 Learning about Language
I. 根据句意及所给单词的汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. A full list of titles is given in the ________ (附录).
2. It is ________ (违法的) to sell tobacco to children under 16.
3. He has to take ________ (药丸) to control his blood pressure.
II. 选用下列合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空。
go on a diet, get into, take risks, in spite of,
in the first place, make up one’s mind, out of breath
1. ________ the bad weather, we went fishing yesterday. 2. I ran all the way to the theater and was ________.
3. I am a teacher ________ and a writer in the next place.
4. I have many facts to think about before I ________.
5. In order to lose weight, the fat boy had to ________.
6. Young people are willing to ________ and try new things.
7. The boy has ________ the habit of washing his hands before meals.
III. 根据汉语提示，将下列句子补充完整。
1. They _____________ (还没有公诸于众) where they are to hold the conference.
2. I think _____________ (对我们来说那是不可能的) to finish our work on time.
3. _____________ (据报道) two people were injured in the accident.
4. _____________ (那是没有用的) saying any more about it.
5. _____________ (那是我的职责) to help you improve your English.
6. _____________ (众所周知) that smoking does harm to people’s health.
7. You may depend upon it _____________ (我们绝不会灰心).
8. I took it for granted _____________ (你会和我们呆在一起).
9. _____________ (我讨厌) when you say such things in public.
10. I would appreciate it very much _____________ (如果你能帮我做这件事).
Part 3 Using Language
I. 根据句意及所给单词的汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Because of the economic crisis, some small companies are having to fight for ________ (幸存).
2. Dick has a(n) ________ (偏见) against fat people.
3. Frank showed good ________ (判断) in deciding not to invest in the project.
4. Alfred felt very________ (尴尬的) at being the center of attention.
5. At a formal party I usually feel very ________ (局促不安的) and out of place.
6. All the ________ (女性的) workers in this factory got a present on March 8th.
II. 用适当的介词填空。
1. There is convincing evidence ________ a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
2. There is no easy cure ________ loneliness.
3. I could tell ________ his tone of voice that Ken was disappointed.
4. The site is secret, so all the journalists were prevented ________ entering it.
5. The risk of cancer increases ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke.
III. 根据汉语提示，将下列句子补充完整。
1. Keep your fears to yourself but ___________ (和他人分享勇气).
2. To our surprise, Paul fell asleep __________ (在做作业的时候).
3. It was _____________ (只有当我到家后) that I realized I had lost my keys.
4. Don’t worry. The guests _____________ (很有可能到) late this night.
5. If you go out without a raincoat you will _____________ (冒被淋湿的危险), because it may rain.
IV. 根据汉语提示完成下面对话。
Peter: Charles, what should I do to prepare for a job interview
Charles: 1. _____________ (那将是一个好主意) to learn about the basic work of the company and the services or goods it provides. Do you have that
Peter: Sort of, but I should know more, I guess.
Charles: Then, what you wear is important. So 2. _____________ (记住) what is suit-able for the company and what type of work you will do.
Peter: OK. What else should I think of
Charles: 3. _____________ (不要忘记要友好) and interested. Listen carefully and listen to what they are really asking you. You’ll be a hit!
Key:
Part 1
I. 1. packet 2. Adolescent 3. tough
4. abused 5. mental
II. 1. breathless 2. disappointed
3. automatically 4. comprehension
5. chemist
III. 1. Due to 2. decided on
3. are addicted to 4. feel like
5. is accustomed to
IV. 1. Instead of 2. over and over again
3. Although in pain 4. did great damage to
5. felt ashamed of 6. reached for the glass
V.
1. Every time my aunt came, she would bring me a gift.
2. I reminded my father that he had done it before.
3. It seems certain that our team will win the prize.
4. I find it difficult to concentrate my attention in such a noisy place.
5. I can’t afford as expensive a car as Tom’s.
6. Daniel has been banned from driving for six months.
VI. 1. alcoholic 2. stress 3. effect
4. quit 5. unfit 6. strengthening
7. desperate
Part 2
I. 1. appendix 2. illegal 3. pills
II. 1. In spite of 2. out of breath
3. in the first place 4. make up my mind
5. go on a diet 6. take risks
7. got into
III.
1. haven’t made it known
2. it impossible for us
3. It’s reported that
4. It’s no use
5. It’s my duty
6. It is known to all
7. that we shall never lose heart
8. that you would stay with us
9. I hate it
10. if you could help me with it
Part 3
I. 1. survival 2. prejudice
3. judgment 4. embarrassed
5. awkward 6. female
II. 1. of 2. for 3. by / from 4. from 5. with
III.
1. share your courage with others
2. while doing his homework
3. only when I got home
4. are likely to arrive
5. risk getting wet
IV. 1. It would be a good idea
2. keep in mind
3. Don’t forget to be friendlyUnit 3 A healthy life
Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals▲Talk about health▲Learn the harm of smoking and how to stop smoking▲Learn to advise people about what to do and what not to do▲Learn about AIDS and how to keep safe from HIV▲Write a letter to give advice on some problems
Ⅱ. 目标语言
功 能 句 式 How to advise people about what to do and what not to doDo / Don’t ...Don’t forget to ...It is not / would be a good idea to ...You should ...You don’t have to ...Mind your head / step!It’s OK / all right to ...
词 汇 1． 四会词汇cigarette, alcohol, sex, sexual, stress, stressful, adolescent, due, addicted, addictive, accustomed, bad-tempered, automatic, automatically, mental, mentally, manage, lung, pregnant, quit, relaxation, chemist, gum, chewing gum, weaken, ashamed, eventually, production, risk, illegal, HIV, AIDS, flu, needle, male, female, statement, perfect, perfectly, basic, comprehension, judgment2． 认读词汇fitness, nicotine, SARS, immune, fluid, inject, condom, homosexual, disco, challenging3． 词组due to, addicted to, accustomed to, decide on, in spite of, feel like (doing), take risk (a risk), at risk, get into4. 重点词汇cigarette, alcohol, addicted, addictive, HIV, AIDS, mental, stress, stressful, sex, sexual
语法 The use of it“It” can be used to talk about time, date, distance or weather:It is a beautiful day.It was time to quit smoking.“It” can be used in the subject position to stand for an infinitive, -ing form or a clause:It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.It is easier to fall than to rise.It is no good crying over spilt milk.
重点句子 1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. P182. I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to give it up. P183. But I did finally manage. P18
Ⅲ. 教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以A healthy life为话题，通过谈论人们最关心的健康问题，使学生认识到吸烟、喝酒、吸毒、不良饮食等对健康的危害，了解吸烟的危害及怎样戒烟；通过阅读一篇有关艾滋病的宣传文章了解一些艾滋病的常识及如何预防艾滋病；并学会如何就健康问题给别人提供一些建议；功能句式要求学生学会如何表达聚会中的礼仪和禁忌。通过单元学习，要求学生意识到健康的重要性，养成良好的生活习惯，并学会帮助别人解决一些健康问题。
1.1 Warming Up列举了一些年轻人所关心的健康问题，由此引出单元话题。要求学生列举出更多类似的健康问题，然后在小组和班级范围内进行比较，说出哪个问题是最重要的，并列举出5个有关这个问题人们应该了解的知识。
1.2 Pre-reading要求学生讨论5个与吸烟有关的问题，为后面的Reading做铺垫。
1.3 Reading是一封爷爷写给James的建议信，信中谈到了吸烟为什么会上瘾、吸烟对健康的危害并附上了一篇如何戒烟的文章来帮助James戒烟。
1.4 Comprehending要求学生讨论几个与Reading内容有关的问题，并根据Reading的内容完成表格。另外还要求学生用自己的语言简要概述一下advice on how to stop smoking。
1.5 Learning about Language包括两部分：Discovering useful words and expressions是两个关于Reading中的一些词汇的练习；Discovering useful structures 是关于it structure的用法介绍和练习。
1.6 Using Language是一篇关于HIV / AIDS的宣传材料，介绍了一些有关艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的基本知识以及在生活中如何进行预防。要求学生能判断一些相关陈述的正误。
1.7 Listening是Tina和Sara之间的一段对话，要求学生能听出一些关键词并完成句子。
1.8 Speaking and Writing包括两部分：第一部分以参加聚会时的礼仪为话题，要求学生列举出一些礼貌行为和禁忌行为，并能用一些句式进行口语表达；第二部分要求学生阅读一封学生来信，然后以指导老师的身份写一封回信，提供一些戒烟的建议。
1.9 SUMMING UP要求学生能独立对本单元所学知识进行总结和回顾。
1.10 LEARNING TIP是一个教学建议，介绍了两种不同类型的问题，即closed questions和open-ended questions，以及如何处理这两种问题。
2. 教材重组
2.1 将Warming up， Pre-reading， Reading和Comprehending 整合在一起，上一节阅读课。
2.2 将Learning about Language和Workbook中的USING STRUCTURES 整合在一起，上一节语言学习课。
2.3 将Listening， Speaking和Workbook中的LISTENING以及LISTENING TASK整合在一起，上一节听说课。
2.4 将Using Language和Workbook中的READING TASK整合在一起，上一节泛读课。
2.5 将Writing， Workbook中的SPEAKING TASK和WRITING TASK整合起来，上一节综合实践课。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st Period Reading
2nd Period Language Study
3rd Period Listening and Speaking
4th Period Extensive Reading
5th Period Integrating Skills
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
cigarette, alcohol, stress, adolescent, addicted, mentally, lung, quit, due to, accustomed to
b. 重点句式
It’s amazing that ... P18
... how easy it is to begin smoking and how hard it is to stop. P18
..., I knew it was time to quit smoking. P18
It isn’t easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit ... P19
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to learn how people usually get addicted to cigarettes and how they can quit smoking.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss to learn how to give advice on stopping smoking.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Learn the bad effects of smoking and how to give advice on stopping smoking.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Learn in what ways people get addicted to cigarettes.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Discussion, cooperative learning and oral practice.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠLead-in
This step is to lead the Ss to the topic of this unit ― A Healthy Life.
T: Recently, I read a report — Healthy China, 2005, which is about ten health issues concerning Chinese people the most in the year 2005. According to your understanding, what a healthy life is like And can you guess what the ten issues are Work in pairs and have a discussion.
After about 3 minutes.
T: OK, who would like to present your discussions
S1: Let me try. In our opinion, a healthy life should include two aspects, physical health and mental health. So a person who lacks either is not a healthy person. We think of several issues that may concern people most, they are: food security, medical service problems, AIDS and effects of environmental pollution on health.
T: Good points. Other issues concerning people most are: nutrition and health condition, medical emergency treatment, mental illness, false medical ads, medicine security and birth defects. If you are interested in any of these issues, you may search on the Internet for more information. Now turn to page 17, Warming Up. Here is a list of health issues that concern young people the most. Can you think of other issues that are also important Work with your partners, and try to make the list longer.
A sample list:
AIDS and infections, parenting, relationships, food and nutrition, family issues, environmental health, domestic violence, air pollution, cancer, anxiety, birth control, dental health, divorce
Let the Ss write the list on the blackboard and have a discussion on the health issues listed.
T: Now, look at the issues on the blackboard and the issues listed in the textbook on page 17. Which issue do you think is the most important one Why Work in groups and have a discussion.
After discussion.
T: Which group would like to share your opinions with the class
S1: We think that drug taking is particularly important. As we all know, drug taking does great harm to people’s health; it will gradually kill a person if he gets addicted to it. Buying drug costs a lot of money, so many drug takers sell out their fortune to afford the drug they need. And as a result, many families break up in this way. We also know that our government has to spend a lot of money on drug addicts’ treatment.
S2: We think parenting is the most important issue, because many issues arise as a result of bad parenting or lack of care and love. If children grow up in happy and healthy families, they will form good habits and keep away from those bad habits such as using drugs and smoking.
S3: Our group takes smoking as the most important issue. The reasons are: smoking does great harm to people’s health, it causes damage to people’s lung and heart; smoking shortens people’s life-span; smoking not only does harm to people who smoke, but also affect the health of people around them, especially their family members.
Step Ⅱ Pre-reading
T: I agree with you all. All these issues are important and need to be concerned. I am wondering if any of you smoke. Anyone ... OK. It seems nobody in our class smokes, that’s really good. I think you are all clear that smoking is harmful to health. But we know that some adolescents started smoking at very early years. Why do you think they smoke Discuss in pairs.
2 minutes later.
T: OK. I’d like two pairs to present your opinions. Volunteer
S4: I think some adolescents smoke because they are not well aware of the harm of smoking. Many adults around them smoke, so they may think it is cool to smoke. So I think it is parents’ duty to tell their kids about the harm of smoking before they get addicted to it.
S5: In my opinion, some adolescents smoke because they are falsely influenced by some media such as TV series and movies. So I think public media should give adolescents correct guidance.
T: Very good points. Suppose some of them realized the harm of smoking and wanted to stop it. What advice would you give to them Do you know any scientific ways of stopping smoking
S6: My advice is that let them get interested in some positive hobbies like sports, playing music, reading, playing chess and so on. If they show interest in some activities and they can devote themselves to them, gradually they will keep away from cigarettes and finally quit smoking.
Step Ⅲ Reading and Comprehension
T: Good advice. Now we are going to read a letter from grandad to James. In this letter, grandad gives James some advice on stopping smoking. Let’s read and see if his advice is similar to yours. 5 minutes for you.
After 5 minutes.
T: OK. Time is up. After reading this letter, what kind of person do you think the grandad is
S7: From his words, I think he is very kind and considerate. He doesn’t give direct advice on stopping smoking. Instead, firstly he tells James how about his present life and what the healthy life means to him; then he relates James’ smoking to his similar experience as a teenager, which implies James that he doesn’t need to worry about it. So I think he is very careful about the way of talking to his grandson about smoking.
T: You are right. So suppose you were his grandson, would you love to take his advice
S7: Yes, I would love to be his grandson and take his advice. I would feel confident to give up smoking.
T: OK. Now let’s read the letter again and try to find out the answers to the following statements.
Show the following on the screen.
1. different ways people can become addicted to cigarettes
2. harmful physical effects for smokers
3. effects that a person’s smoking can have on other people
4. effects that smoking can have on sporting performance
After the Ss read the letter again, let them give their answers orally and then let them fill in the chart on page 20 with brief phrases and sentences.
T: Up to now, we have known how people usually get addicted to cigarettes and harmful effects of smoking on smokers and nonsmokers. But how can people stop smoking Does James’ grandad tell him how to stop smoking
S8: Yes, he tells James how to stop smoking by sending him some advice he found on the Internet.
T: Good. Now, let’s read the article from Internet. And then we will do an oral practice. You will have to work in pairs. Suppose James paid a visit to his grandad, and his grandad told him some advice on how to stop smoking face to face. Let’s act out this situation according to information from the article.
A sample dialogue: (J = James; G = grandad)
J: Grandad, I really want to give up smoking. I tried hard, but failed. Can you give me some advice on how to stop smoking
G: I am very glad that you have realized the harm of smoking and make up your mind to stop it. Here I have a few suggestions for you. First, make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Second, decide on a day to quit and throw away all your cigarettes at the end of the day before you plan to quit. Third, every time you feel like smoking, reread the list of benefits you wrote. Fourth, develop some other good habits that will keep your mind and hands busy such as going for a walk, cleaning your house and so on.
J: What should I do if I feel stressed
G: You can do some deep breathing. You may also learn some relaxation exercises and do them every time you feel stressed.
J: Is it a good idea to join a stop-smoking group
G: Yeah, it is also a good way. You can talk to a doctor or chemist if you feel really bad, they would love to help you. The most important thing is to keep trying. Be aware that some have to try several times before they finally stop smoking. So you just try again and I am sure you will succeed finally.
Step Ⅳ Text Analysis
Ask the Ss to analyze the text on its writing purpose, writing style and main idea.
T: After reading the text, who can summarize the main idea of each paragraph Volunteers
S1: In the first paragraph, the writer tells about the life he is leading and the importance of healthy life.
S2: In the second paragraph, the writer leads to the topic of his letter by talking about James’ problem of smoking.
S3: The third paragraph introduces the three different ways of becoming addicted.
S4: The fourth paragraph is about the harmful effects of smoking.
S5: The fifth paragraph is about the writer’s hope for his grandson and his advice on stopping smoking.
T: How about the writing style and purpose of the text
S6: This text is in the form of a letter, the purpose is to explain how people get addicted to cigarettes and how smoking affects people’s health. It also provides some advice on how to stop smoking.
T: Next, who can summarize the article: How Can I Stop Smoking
A sample summary:
Choose a day that is not stressful to quit smoking. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Throw away all your cigarettes at the end of the day before you plan to quit. Reread the list of benefits you wrote when you feel like smoking. Develop some other habits like walking, drinking some water, cleaning the house and so on to keep yourself busy. If you feel nervous or stressed, try to do some relaxation exercises like deep breathing. You can stop smoking with a friend or join a group. If you feel really bad, ask a doctor or chemist for help. The most important thing is to keep trying. Don’t feel ashamed if you weaken because some people have to try many times before they finally quit smoking. Never give up and you will succeed.
Step V Vocabulary Learning
Help the Ss learn some words and phrases in the text. And let them do some practice.
Show the following sentences on the screen.
1. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
2. ... I became addicted to cigarettes.
3. ... your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it...
4. You can become mentally addicted.
5. But I did finally manage.
6. I knew it was time to quit smoking.
T: Now let’s deal with some new words and phrases in the text. Look at the first sentence, what does “due to” mean Can you rewrite the sentence using other words except “due to”
S1: “Due to” here means “because of / owing to”. We may also say: Because of the healthy life I live, I can live long and actively.
T: Good. Number two. “Addicted” means “unable to stop taking or using something as a habit”, it is usually followed by “to”. According to this definition, what else can people become addicted to
S2: People can become addicted to drugs, alcohol, sweets and so on.
T: You are right. We call those who are unable to stop taking or using sth addicts. So addict here is a noun, indicating a kind of person. Tom, are you a cigarette addict
S3: No, I am not. I am not addicted to cigarettes.
T: OK. In sentence 3, which phrase you have learnt can be used to replace “accustomed to” Anyone
S4: We may use “used to” to replace it. So this sentence can be rewritten as: ... your body becomes used to having nicotine in it...
T: I’d like one sentence from you by using this phrase. Volunteer
S5: Having stayed in the basement for several minutes, I finally became accustomed to the darkness.
T: Next, what is the opposite of “mentally”
S6: Physically.
T: “Manage” in sentence 5 can be used in many ways. What does it mean here
S7: Here it refers to “give up smoking”.
T: Good. Here it means “succeed in doing sth.; cope / deal with sth”. e.g. This is a complicated job, I can’t manage it without any help. Let’s look at the next sentence. We can see “quit” is followed by -ing form. Do you know any other words that can be used in the same way
S8: Yes, for example, stop, start and enjoy. “Quit” here means “stop, give up sth. / doing sth.”. e.g. My mother quitted her job recently because she feels tired and wants a long vacation.
Step Ⅵ Homework
1. Make sentences with the six words and phrases: due to, addicted to, accustomed to, mentally, manage, quit
2. Search on the Internet or other sources for information about how to stop smoking.
The Second Period Language Study
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
ashamed, manage, quit, stress, mental, pregnant, adolescent, cigarette, drug, addicted, eventually, due to, accustomed to
b. 重点句式 P21
It is ... that...
It is ... to...
It is ... doing...
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to learn the usage of it structure.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss learn how to use it structure.
Teaching important points教学重点
The usage of it structure.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to rewrite sentences using it structure.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explanation and practice.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision
T: Good morning / afternoon, everyone. Did you find any information about how to stop smoking Where did you get the information
S: I searched online and get some information on how to stop smoking.
Top 10 Tips to Quit Smoking
Ready to quit smoking Here are 10 tips to help ensure your success.
1. Identify your smoking triggers. Keep a record of when you smoke to identify your triggers so that you can make a plan to manage triggers without smoking.
2. Talk to your doctor. Consult your doctor before you quit smoking. Modern pharmaceutical treatments can make quitting easier. Moreover, tobacco may impact the way your body processes certain medications.
3. Get support from your family and friends. Let them know you are quitting smoking and you want their help.
4. Make a clean start. Throw away your cigarettes, hide your ashtrays, clean the house, your clothes, and the car if they smell like smoke — anything to help make a break from the past.
5. Make a list of reasons to quit. Look at it every time you are tempted to have a smoke.
6. Keep objects around that you can put in your mouth. Items such as carrots, hard candy, even straws can give you something to do when you really crave a cigarette.
7. Drink lots of water. Water will help flush nicotine from your system and reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms.
8. Exercise. Not only will it make controlling your weight easier, it also gives you more energy and helps keep your mind from smoking.
9. Get a hair cut. Anything you can do to draw a clear line between your life as a smoker and your new life as a nonsmoker will make quitting easier and make you more likely to stay smoke free.
10. Find a quitting program nearest you. Log onto or call your state department of health for information on local cessation assistance. Support is just a click or call away.
T: Do any smokers around you want to quit smoking If there are any, offer your advice to them. Next, let’s check your answers to Homework 1. I’d like six of you to read your sentences, one person, one sentence.
Sample sentences:
1. This morning, I was late for school due to traffic jam.
2. Nowadays, many adolescents get addicted to online games which are harmful to their health and study.
3. You should quickly be accustomed to the local custom if you visit a country.
4. Although the professor is at his 80s, he is still mentally active and healthy.
5. The bag is heavy, but I can manage it.
6. It hasn’t quit raining yet.
Step Ⅱ Words and Expressions
Enable the Ss to learn and practice new words and expressions in the text.
T: We have learned some new words and phrases from the text in the last period. Now, review the words in bold in the text and then do Exercise 1 on page 20. Change the forms if necessary.
After the Ss finish it, check the answers.
T: Next let’s further practice some of the words by doing Exercise 2 on page 21. Change the forms if necessary.
Check the answers after the Ss finish it.
T: Here I have a chart about some words we have just learned. You are asked to fill in it with correct forms of the words listed. Learning different forms of words is a good way of enlarging vocabulary. After class, you should also learn the pronunciations and usages of these words by using your dictionaries.
Show the following chart on the screen.
Words Verb Noun Adj. Adv.
stress n.
mental adj.
addict v. / n.
pregnant adj.
ashamed adj.
After the Ss finish it, check the answers.
Sample answers:
Words Verb Noun Adj. Adv.
stress n. stress stressful
mental adj. mentation mentally
addict v. / n. addiction addicted / addictive
pregnant adj. pregnancy pregnantly
ashamed adj. shame shame
Step Ⅲ Grammar Focus
T: So much for the words. Today we will learn the usage of an important word, that is “it”. According to what you have learned, who can tell us some usages of “it” or how we use it
S1: “It” can be used to talk about weather and date. For example, it is raining now. Or “it is Friday today”.
S2: “It” can also be used to talk about distance. For example, it is a long way from my home to school.
T: In English, “it” is a very useful word and can be used in many ways. Today I will introduce you a very important structure — it structure. In the structure, “it” is used in the subject position to stand for an infinitive, -ing form or a clause. Look at the first four sentences in Exercise 1 on page 21. Can you tell me what it stands for in each sentence Volunteer
S3: In the first sentence, “it” stands for the clause following “that”, that is “at my age I am still fit”.
S4: In the second sentence, “it” stands for the infinitive “to fall”.
S5: In the third sentence, “it” stands for the infinitive “to stop smoking”.
S6: In the fourth sentence, it stands for the -ing form “crying over spilt milk”.
T: You are right. So it is also right for us to say “That at my age I am still fit is amazing.” and “To fall is easier than to rise.” But usually we put “it” in the subject position to keep the sentences balanced. Are you clear Now let’s do some practice about this structure. Look at Exercise 2 on page 21, rewrite the sentences using it structure.
After the Ss finish it, check the answers.
T: Next turn to page 58 and let’s do Exercise 2 in USING STRUCTURES. After you finish this exercise, I am sure you will have a better understanding of it structure.
Check the answers after the Ss finish it.
T: OK, now let’s work in pairs and do some oral practice with this exercise. One speaks out the sentences on the left column and the other speaks out those on the right. And then change the roles.
Step Ⅳ Homework
T: After class, please:
1. Finish Exercises 1 && 2 on page 56 and Exercise 1 on page 57.
2. Mark all the sentences in the letter with it structure.
So much for today, good-bye, everyone!
The Third Period Listening and Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
Expressions used to advise people about what to do and what not to do
It would be / not a good idea to...
It’s OK / all right to...
Is it OK if I...
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to advise people about what to do and what not to do.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Enable the Ss to learn how to give advice to people by using the target language.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Expressions used to give advice about what to do and what not to do.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Give advice on how to deal with stress.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening, oral practice and discussion.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer, a projector and a tape recorder.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision and Lead-in
T: Morning / Afternoon, everyone. First let’s check the homework.
Ask the Ss to read out sentences in the letter with it structure first, and then let them explain what it in each sentence refers to. After that, check the answers to exercises on pages 56-57 in the Workbook.
Step Ⅱ Listening and Speaking (P23)
Ask the Ss to do the Listening practice on page 23 and then practice the words and expressions used to give advice.
T: Now, we are going to listen to a dialogue between Sara and Tina. Sara is nervous about going to a disco. Listen and tick the things Sara worried about.
Play the tape for the first time, and check the answers.
T: Let’s listen again and try to complete the sentences in exercise 2. While listening, please take down some notes.
Play the tape again and give the Ss some time to finish the sentences. Then check the answers.
T: In the dialogue, Tina gives Sara some advice on how to behave in a disco. What expressions does Tina use to give advice
S1: She says “It’s OK to ...”
S2: She says “It would be a good idea to ...”
Write the two expressions the two Ss just said on the blackboard.
It’s OK to...
It would be a good idea to...
T: Well, next we will learn more expressions used to give advice to people about what to do and what not to do.
Show the following expressions on the screen.
Do / Don’t ... Don’t forget to...
It is not / would be a good idea to...
You don’t have to ... Mind your head / step!
It’s OK / all right to ... You should...
T: Now let’s use these expressions to give Sara your own advice. Any volunteer
S1: It’s OK to talk a little bit to strangers.
S2: You should enjoy dancing instead of standing still.
S3: It would be a good idea to drink some alcohol.
T: Beautiful advice! Do you often go to parties We know in western countries, people go to various parties such as birthday party, costume party, graduation party, barbeque party and so on. Some may be very casual such as a costume party, while some are a little bit formal and you need to behave well in such parties. Now read the instruction in part 1 of Speaking and Writing on page 23 first, then work in pairs and make your list. Don’t forget to use the expressions on the screen.
Give the Ss 10 minutes to discuss and make the list. After they finish their own lists, let them exchange the lists with other pairs.
A sample list:
Be punctual and don’t be late.
Don’t forget to say hello and send your regards to people you meet.
It would be a good idea to start a chat by talking about climate.
It’s alright to play jokes with each other.
You don’t have to wear formally.
You should introduce yourself a little bit to strangers.
It would be a good idea to exchange business card with each other.
T: Let’s do a role play. Suppose you and your parents are invited to a weekend party, and you are not sure of the rules of the party. You ask your parents for advice. Work in groups of three, act out this situation with the list you just prepared.
A sample dialogue:
(M = mother, F = father, S = student)
M: Jim, we are invited to have a party this Saturday evening in a hotel, do you want to go
S: Sure I’d love to, mom. But I have never been to such a formal party before. Can you tell me how to behave in such a party
F: Don’t be late. That’s the most important thing. It would be a good idea to bring some small gift to the hostess.
M: You should dress nicely and look tidy.
S: Does that mean I have to wear suit
M: No, that’s not necessary. But you can’t dress casually.
S: I see.
F: You don’t have to be serious during the party, it’s alright to make jokes and have fun. Don’t forget to introduce yourself to strangers.
S: I got it. I know well what I should do and should not do. Thank you!
Step Ⅲ Listening and Discussing (P55, 58)
Ask the Ss to listen to two materials about Li Yue’s problem and her talk given in her old school, then do some listening practice and discussion.
T: Now we will hear a dialogue between Li Yue and Doctor Gao, try to get what was wrong with her and finish the medical chart. Before I play the tape, take a look at the chart and know clearly what you are supposed to write down.
Make sure the Ss know the meanings of all the items in the chart. Write the following words and their meanings on the blackboard.
occupation: 职业 symptom: 症状 propose: 建议
Play the tape twice and then check the answers.
T: Now we are going to listen to another material about Li Yue. Li Yue passed her entrance exam and the next year she started at university. During her second year at university, her old school invited her to give a talk to the students during health week. Now, listen and find the topic of her talk and then summarize her talk in one sentence.
Play the tape for the first time and collect answers from the Ss. Then play the tape again, and let the Ss complete the sentences in Exercise 2. Play the tape for the third time and let the Ss answer the questions in Exercise 3.
Step Ⅳ Homework
T: Today, we listened to two materials about Li Yue. Doctor Gao said that Li Yue’s problem was probably related to stress. How can stress affect people’s health Give examples of what could happen to a person under stress.
The Fourth Period Extensive Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
HIV, AIDS, virus, immune, injection, infected, needle, sexual activity, be infected with
b. 重点句式 P22
You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually it damages your immune system so much that...
This may have been true in the past, when...
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to get some basic knowledge about HIV / AIDS.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the Ss learn how to protect themselves from HIV / AIDS and what they can do to help persons with HIV / AIDS.
Teaching important points 教学重点
In what ways the HIV virus is spread and how to stay safe.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Explain the ways the HIV spreads with target language.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Skimming and scanning.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer, a projector and some pictures of AIDS patients.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision
T: I know that you are busy with your studies and you are facing great pressure. Do you think you are under stress
Ss: Yes.
T: Poor guys. With the increasing pace of social development, more and more people work and study under stress. So it is very important to learn the harm of stress and learn to deal with stress. Can you tell me how stress affects people’s health Give examples of what could happen to a person under stress.
A sample version:
A person under stress will get a headache, find it difficult to fall asleep and have no appetite. And as a result their health will be badly affected. If a student is under stress, he / she will get bad-tempered and unable to concentrate in class. Some will even commit suicide if the stress gets stronger and stronger without being noticed and properly treated. A report says a student who was going to take the entrance exam killed her grandma just because she made some noise. There are still some students under stress get psychological problems. In Taiwan, it is reported that about 80,000 middle school students suffer from a kind of melancholia.
T: As an important health issue, you should learn to manage stress. I have some tips for you:
a. Take regular exercises or doing sports. These activities will help reduce or relieve your stress.
b. Discuss your problems with a friend or family member.
c. When stress hits big, take a time-out. A few minutes away from the problem can help.
d. Breathe deeply — slowly in, slowly out. Think of something pleasant.
e. Ask for help. If you feel like your stress is just too much, talk with your family, a friend or a counselor.
f. Get plenty of rest and eat well. You’ll be able to handle stress better when it does come up.
Step Ⅱ Lead-in
Lead the Ss to the topic of AIDS.
Write the words AIDS and HIV on the blackboard. The teacher can also show some pictures of AIDS patients to the Ss to let them have a deep impression of the disease.
T: Look at the blackboard. I think all of you know what these two words mean in Chinese, although you may not be able to tell their full English name. You should have known more or less about AIDS. And there have been many reports about AIDS. By the way, which day is the World AIDS Day
Ss: 1st December.
T: You are right. But what is the theme of World AIDS Day 2005
Ss: Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise.
T: I am very glad you know this. Before we read a poster about AIDS and HIV, I’d like to test you on your understanding of them. Please turn to page 23. Decide which of the statements in Exercise 2 are true and which are false. Tick the correct boxes.
About 2 minutes later. Ask one student to read out the true statements. This test will enable the teacher to know how much the Ss know about AIDS and HIV.
T: I think you have known much about AIDS and HIV. Now, let’s come to the poster and see what it tells us about them.
Step Ⅲ Reading
Let the Ss read the poster and do some comprehensive practice.
T: Skim the poster and tell what we can learn from it.
Ss: We will learn how HIV affects a person’s health and the relationship between HIV and AIDS. We will also learn how to stay away from HIV.
T: Good. Now read the poster again and answer the following questions.
Show the following questions on the screen.
1. What is a virus Can you name some viruses
2. How does HIV affect people’s health
3. What is the difference between AIDS and HIV
4. Is there a cure for AIDS and HIV at the moment
Several minutes later.
T: OK. Who would like to answer the first question
S1: I’d like to. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. I know some viruses such as SARS virus, bird flu virus and flu virus.
T: Second one
S2: HIV virus weakens a person’s immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.
T: Good. Third one
S3: HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV.
T: You are right. How about the last one
S4: No, there is no known cure for HIV and AIDS. Though there is no cure that will clear HIV from the body, there are treatments that can help keep people with HIV and AIDS healthy. Some help to keep the immune system intact by lowering the amount of HIV in the body. Others help to prevent certain infections that someone with AIDS is at risk for when his or her immune system becomes very weak.
T: Now scan the poster and pick out the words which are related to disease. And make sure you know their Chinese meanings.
Show the words related to diseases on the screen.
HIV, AIDS, virus, flu, immune system, illness, fluids, infected, inject, injection, cure
T: We should get some basic knowledge about diseases and how they affect people’s health. Since there is no cure for HIV and AIDS, we should be very careful and protect ourselves. Scan the poster again and find how to stay safe. Then I’d like some of you to retell the suggestions in your own words.
Ask two Ss to answer the question.
T: Here, I have some facts about AIDS and HIV. After reading these facts, you will know how serious this issue is. And think what you can do to help those with AIDS and HIV.
Show the following facts on the screen.
●By the end of 2003, an estimated 42 million around the world were living with HIV / AIDS. During the year, 5 million people became infected and an estimated 3 million people died.
●About one-third of people living with HIV / AIDS are 15-24 years of age.
●More than 7 million people in Asia and the Pacific are living with HIV / AIDS.
●To date, the AIDS pandemic has left behind more than 14 million orphans, more than 92 percent of who live in Africa.
●According to the latest estimates by UNAIDS, more than US$10 billion will be needed in 2005 to pay the cost of effective prevention, treatment, care and support programs in low and middle income countries.
Step Ⅳ Reading Task (Workbook)
Ask the Ss to read a newspaper article about AIDS programme in Yunnan and learn what people can do to help AIDS sufferers.
T: As a matter of fact, many people and organizations have launched programmes to help persons with AIDS and HIV. Next, we will read about such a programme. This programme is started by the Chinese Red Cross in Yunnan. You know that Yunnan has the largest numbers of both HIV carriers and AIDS patients nationwide. Please turn to page 60, read the newspaper article and find answers to the questions followed.
After the Ss finish reading, collect the answers.
Sample answers:
1. The programme does two things: provide care and support for AIDS sufferers; train young people to teach others about HIV / AIDS.
2. The volunteers, students, drug users, people who work in the entertainment business and others who may be at risk of becoming infected by the virus teach people in the community.
3. The programme is very successful because the workshops are given by people just like them.
4. Nowadays, the number of young people becoming infected through sexual activity is increasing. While in the past, HIV / AIDS was found mainly among drug users and those who had become infected through careless blood transfusion practices.
5. The Chinese government concerns about HIV / AIDS because it predicts that unless action is taken immediately, as many as 10 million people could be infected with HIV / AIDS in China by the year 2010.
Step Ⅴ Homework
T: After class, please get to know more about organizations and programmes which care and support for persons with HIV / AIDS, and think what you can do to be helpful. So much for today, bye!
The Fifth Period Integrating Skills
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
A review of the unit.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the Ss to give a speech on a health issue.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the Ss learn how to give a speech on a health issue.
Teaching important points 教学重点
How to give a speech.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
Enable the Ss to learn how to prepare for a speech.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Task-based activities.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step ⅠRevision
Greet the Ss as usual and check their homework.
Sample answers:
The Red Ribbon
The Red Ribbon is an international symbol of AIDS awareness that is worn by people all year round and particularly around World AIDS Day to demonstrate care and concern about HIV and AIDS, and to remind others of the need for their support and commitment. The Red Ribbon started as a “grass roots” effort, and as a result there is no official red ribbon, and many people make their own. It’s easily done — just use some ordinary red ribbon and a safety pin!
How you can support World AIDS Day
By raising awareness of HIV and AIDS in your area.
By wearing a red ribbon, and asking others to do the same.
By protecting yourself — this is the first and the best way to stop the spread of HIV.
If you are worried — get tested.
Step Ⅱ Speaking (P59)
In this step, the Ss will prepare and give a speech on a particular health issue. Let them work with partners and help each other improve their speeches.
T: Till now, we have talked a lot about health. Among all the health issues, which concerns you most You please!
S1: I think diet is the most important issue.
T: Oh! We have talked about that issue. Good point!
S2: In my opinion, exercise is very important to our health.
T: OK. Now, we are going to have a speech. Speech means talking in public. But before you talk, you should do some preparation. After you choose a topic, please discuss some questions about the topic with your partners.
Show the following questions on the screen.
1. How does this issue affect your health
2. How could it affect your school life
3. Think of four or five suggestions that you would give younger students to make sure they do not put their health at risk.
After discussion, let the Ss work on their own to plan the speech.
T: To plan a speech, you don’t have to write down the whole speech, just make some notes which will remind you of the key points in your speech. By the way, except the content, what else should be included in a speech
S3: We should introduce ourselves before the speech.
T: Good. What else
S4: We should tell the audience the topic of our speech. For example, today I am going to talk about ... or My topic is...
T: Quite right. Anything else
S5: We should remember to thank the audience for listening after the speech. For example, thank you for your time or Thank you for listening.
T: Besides that, you should also say something about why you want to talk to them about this topic, and give them a few suggestions that they will find easy and sensible to follow. OK. 10 minutes for you to prepare the speech.
10 minutes later.
T: It seems that most of you have finished. I’d like two of you to give your speech to the class. Any volunteer
A sample speech:
A Healthy Diet
Hello, everyone. My name is Wangwei. My topic is A Healthy Diet. I choose this topic because I believe in the saying: We are what we eat. Having a healthy diet is one of the most important things you can do to help your overall health. Having a healthy weight for your height is important. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, breathing problems, breathing problems while sleeping and some cancers. Although our living standard is getting higher and higher, still some people don’t eat healthy food. This is especially true with many teenagers who prefer fast food like hamburger, French fries, hotdogs, pizza, cookies, cake, candy, chocolate, ice cream and cupcakes. As a result, some students are facing overweight problems. They are poor at sports, and their health may also be endangered. So here I have some suggestions for you:
1. Eat plenty of fiber, pulses, whole grains, foods made with wholegrain flour, fruit and vegetables give you the benefit of fiber as well as its associated essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Grains are better only coarsely ground.
2. Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, especially green leafy ones. These can give you the vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and fiber you need. Peel the fruit as little as possible. Cook vegetables lightly by steaming or stir frying, and eat some raw everyday to benefit from their hormones and enzymes.
3. Cut down your fat intake. Choose fish, organ meat, game, poultry, whole grains, pulses, nuts and seeds, or sprouted seeds, rather than red meat and cheese.
4. Cut down your sugar intake. Use sugar as flavoring rather than as a food. Avoid cakes, sweets, chocolates, biscuits, puddings, ice creams, jam, fruits canned in syrup, soft drinks, sugar in tea and coffee, and milk shakes.
5. Cut down your salt intake. Instead of adding salt to your food, use herbs, spices, fresh ginger, horseradish, lemon juice, tomato puree, vinegar, soy sauce, vegetable stock, yeast extract, chutney, and other flavorings.
6. Cut down your consumption of processed food to avoid the “empty calories” of saturated fats, added sugar, refined cereal grains, and additives.
7. Drink only moderate amounts of alcohol.
8. If you are overweight, exercise more and consume the amount of food and drink that will enable you to reach and keep to your optimal body weight.
I hope these tips will help you form a good eating habit. I wish all of you healthy and happy. Thank you for listening.
Step Ⅲ Writing (P24)
Ask the Ss to read the letter on page 24 and then write a letter as a reply. This is a practice of giving advice.
T: Let’s turn to page 24, you can see a letter from Xiaolei. Read the letter, and find what his problem is
S1: He tried to stop smoking, but he failed and he is asking for some useful tips.
T: You are right. Now suppose you are the adviser who deals with the students’ problems, what advice will you give him Think and write them down in the form of letter. 10 minutes for you.
A sample letter:
Dear Xiaolei,
I am very glad to hear from you. It’s great that you have realized the harm of smoking and make up your mind to give it up. I know how it is hard to give up smoking, so I can understand your feelings. But be aware, some people have to try several times before they finally stop smoking. The point is to keep trying. Here are some tips for you.
1. Cut down on caffeine. Your body is detoxifying and caffeine has a greater impact on causing nervousness.
2. Drink more water to flush nicotine from your body.
3. Walk briskly for half an hour a day. You’ll be more positive, burn up stress and calories and develop more energy and endurance.
4. Breathe in slowly and deeply through your nose, fully expanding your chest. Breathe out through your mouth. Do this about 6 times.
5. Use your plumbing. If you feel like crying, cry and let it out. If you feel angry, give a powerful yell or hit a pillow and feel better with the release. 6. Recovery time: if your body wants 12 hours of sleep to heal, make time for it.
7. Cleanse your body, hands, breath, clothes, hair, car and home of traces of smoke as much as possible. Throw away ashtrays, lighters, etc.
8. Place an elastic on your wrist. If you crave a cigarette, pull the elastic and give yourself a sting. This will help decondition the cravings.
9. Place cigarettes in a large pop bottle with water. If you feel like a cigarette, smell the bottle odor. This will turn you off from cigarettes.
10. Should you by chance have 1 cigarette, do not feel you have “blown the program”. There is no need to feel angry or guilty. Just learn from the mistake, to achieve 100% success. Guilt or self-blame only makes people smoke more.
Step Ⅳ Writing (P61)
Ask the Ss to summarize the news article on HIV / AIDS on page 60 by using simple language.
T: In the last period, we read a newspaper article on HIV and AIDS. Now, suppose our school will have a health week and you are asked to cover a piece of news on HIV and AIDS. Work in groups of four, discuss how to make the news simple and easy for the students in junior classes to understand. And then write it down.
A sample version:
Successful AIDS Programme in Yunnan
Chinese Red Cross started an AIDS programme in Yunnan province six years ago, and now it is running in several other provinces including Xinjiang, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and Jilin.
The programme does two things: provides care and support for AIDS patients; trains young people to teach others about HIV / AIDS. The volunteers of the programme hold classes to teach people about the virus and how it is spread. Many students, drug users, people who work in the entertainment business and others also take part in the programme.
As more and more young people become infected through sexual activity, the director of the programme said that HIV / AIDS are related to everyone’s life. While in the past, HIV / AIDS were mainly infected through drug injection and careless blood transfusion.
The Chinese government predicts that there will be about 10 million people infected with HIV / AIDS in China by the year 2010 if we don’t take any action now. So in June 2001, Chinese central government announced a plan to deal with the problem. That is to teach people more about the virus, and build a national system to report about the virus and be careful when collecting blood.
Step Ⅴ Homework
T: Finish the project on page 61 after class.
附 件
背景知识
Healthy Diet
Focus on fruits. Eat a variety of fruits — whether fresh, frozen, canned or dried — rather than fruit juice for most of your fruit choices. For a 2,000 calorie diet, you will need 2 cups of fruit each day (for example, 1 small banana, 1 large orange, and 1 / 4 cup of dried apricots or peaches).
Vary your veggies. Eat more dark green veggies, such as broccoli, kale and other dark leafy greens; orange veggies, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin and winter squash; beans and peas, such as pinto beans, kidney beans, black beans, garbanzo beans, split peas and lentils.
Get your calcium-rich foods. Get 3 cups of low-fat or fat-free milk or an equivalent amount of low-fat yogurt and / or low-fat cheese (1 / 2 ounces of cheese equals one cup of milk) every day. For kids aged 2 to 8, it’s 2 cups of milk. If you don’t or can’t consume milk, choose lactose-free milk products and / or calcium-fortified foods and beverages.
Make half your grains whole. Eat at least 3 ounces of whole-grain cereals, breads, crackers, rice, or pasta every day. One ounce is about 1 slice of bread, 1 cup of breakfast cereal, or 1 / 2 cup of cooked rice or pasta. Look to see that grains such as wheat, rice, oats, or corn are referred to as “whole” in the list of ingredients.
Go lean with protein. Choose lean meats and poultry. Bake it broil it, or grill it. And vary your protein choices — with more fish, beans, peas, nuts and seeds.
Know the limits on fats, salt and sugars. Read the Nutrition Facts label on foods. Look for foods low in saturated fats and trans fats. Choose and prepare foods and beverages with a little salt (sodium) and / or sugars (caloric sweeteners).
Friends Key to Healthy Life
Friends may influence health habits, such as smoking or drinking, or going to the doctor when a person has troubling symptoms, the study authors suggested. Friends may also have a significant impact on mood, self-esteem and coping mechanisms during difficult times.
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When it comes to living a long, healthy life, that’s what friends are for.
New research from Australia suggests good buddies are even more important than close family ties in helping older people live longer.
For the study, researchers at Flinders University in Adelaide interviewed about 1,500 people aged 70 and older. They asked each participant how much personal and phone contact they had with various social networks, including family and friends. Other factors known to influence longevity, such as socioeconomic status, health and lifestyle, were also considered.
The Adelaide team then tracked the participants’ survival over the next 10 years.
Surprisingly, close contact with children and relatives had little impact on survival rates, the researchers report in the current issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.
However, people with a strong network of friends and confidants had a much better chance of survival over the 10-year study period than individuals with relatively fewer friends.
This “friendship effect” persisted despite personal losses such as the death of a spouse, or even the relocation of friends to other parts of the country, the researchers found.
Friends may influence health habits, such as smoking or drinking, or going to the doctor when a person has troubling symptoms, the study authors suggested. Friends may also have a significant impact on mood, self-esteem and coping mechanisms during difficult times.
Tips for Teens: The Truth About Alcohol
Get the facts ...
Alcohol affects your brain. Drinking alcohol leads to a loss of coordination, poor judgment, slowed reflexes, distorted vision, memory lapses, and even blackouts.
Alcohol affects your body. Alcohol can damage every organ in your body. It is absorbed directly into your bloodstream and can increase your risk for a variety of life-threatening diseases, including cancer.
Alcohol affects your self-control. Alcohol depresses your central nervous system, lowers your inhibitions, and impairs your judgment. Drinking can lead to risky behaviors, such as driving when you shouldn’t, or having unprotected sex.
Alcohol can kill you. Drinking large amounts of alcohol at one time or very rapidly can cause alcohol poisoning, which can lead to coma or even death. Driving and drinking also can be deadly. In 2002, 29 percent of drivers age 15 to 20 who died in traffic accidents had been drinking alcohol.
Alcohol can hurt you — even if you’re not the one drinking. If you’re around people who are drinking, you have an increased risk of being seriously injured, involved in car crashes, or affected by violence. At the very least, you may have to deal with people who are sick, out of control or unable to take care of themselves.
Before you risk it ...
Know the law. It is illegal to buy or possess alcohol if you are under age 21.
Get the facts. One drink can make you fail a breath test. In some States, people under age 21 can lose their driver’s license, be subject to a heavy fine, or have their car permanently taken away.
Stay informed. “Binge” drinking means having five or more drinks on one occasion. Studies show that more than 35 percent of adults with an alcohol problem developed symptoms — such as binge drinking — by age 19.
Know the risks. Alcohol is a drug. Mixing it with any other drug can be extremely dangerous. Alcohol and acetaminophen — a common ingredient in OTC pain and fever reducers — can damage your liver. Alcohol mixed with other drugs can cause nausea, vomiting, fainting, heart problems and difficult breathing. Mixing alcohol and drugs also can lead to coma and death.
Keep your edge. Alcohol is a depressant, or downer, because it reduces brain activity. If you are depressed before you start drinking, alcohol can make you feel worse.
Look around you. Most teens aren’t drinking alcohol. Research shows that 71 percent of people 12-20 haven’t had a drink in the past month.
Know the signs ...
How can you tell if a friend has a drinking problem Sometimes it’s tough to tell. But there are signs you can look for. If your friend has one or more of the following warning signs, he or she may have a problem with alcohol:
●Getting drunk on a regular basis
●Lying about how much alcohol he or she is using
●Believing that alcohol is necessary to have fun
●Having frequent hangovers
●Feeling run-down, depressed, or even suicidal
●Having “blackouts” — forgetting what he or she did while drinking
Questions and answers:
Q. Aren’t beer and wine “safer” than liquor
A. No. One 12-ounce bottle of beer or a 5-ounce glass of wine (about a half-cup) has as much alcohol as one 1.5-ounce shot of liquor. Alcohol can make you drunk and cause you problems no matter how you consume it.
Q. Why can’t teens drink if their parents can
A. The brains and bodies of teens are still developing, and alcohol use can cause learning problems, or make adult alcoholism more likely. People who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcoholism than those who begin at age 21.
Q. How can I say no to alcohol I’m afraid I won’t fit in.
A. It’s easier to refuse than to think. Try: “No thanks,” “I don’t drink,” or “I’m not interested.” Remember that the majority of teens don’t drink alcohol. You’re in good company when you’re one of them.AIDS and HIV definition
DEFINITION: AIDS and HIV are not the same thing. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, which protects your body from disease. Someone is said to have AIDS if their immune systems are badly damaged by the HIV virus, or if they develop serious infections connected with HIV. Generally, people don't die from AIDS itself, but from the otherdiseases that AIDS leaves you susceptible to.
HISTORY: The term AIDS ("acquired immune deficiency syndrome") was first used in July of 1982. Though AIDS-related deaths occurred before 1982, it was only then that the medical community began to understand the disease. President Ronald Reagan did not use the word in public until three years later in 1985.
YOU WON'T GET IT FROM: You cannot get HIV or AIDS from casual contact. Casual kissing, hugging, sharing toilet seats or water fountains will not cause you to get HIV. Since the virus can't live outside the body, there's no way to contract the disease through sneezing or coughing or insect bites. Scientists believe that HIV is not carried in saliva.
HOW YOU CAN GET IT: AIDS is spread only through blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk. You can contract AIDS through both anal and vaginal sexual intercourse, and by sharing needles for drugs or piercings. Mothers can pass AIDS on to their children, and there is some chance you could get the disease through oral sex. You can't get HIV through the skin unless there is a fresh cut in the skin.
SAFER SEX: If you choose to have sex, the best way to combat AIDS is to practice safer sex. Using latex condoms, gloves and/or dental dams can reduce the spread of AIDS. However, since condoms break, abstinence is the only sure-fire way to avoid contracting the disease.
YOUNG PEOPLE WITH HIV: In 2004, there were about 2.2 million young people under the age of 15 living with HIV. Young women are far more likely to contract AIDS than young men. Sixty-two percent of young people with AIDS are girls.
WOMEN WITH HIV: More and more women are getting AIDS. In 1992, only 14% of adults and children living with AIDS were women. By 2003, women accounted for 22% of all people living with AIDS. Women are 12% less likely than men to receive effective treatment for AIDS.HIV/AIDS and Debt - A Deadly Combination
The United Nations agency UN AIDS estimate that by the end of 2001, a total of 40 million people across the world will be living with HIV/AIDS. The vast majority, some 28 million people, reside in sub-Saharan Africa. Although accounting for only ten per cent of the world's population sub-Saharan Africa sees 90 per cent of all new infections along with 80 per cent of AIDS related deaths. Poverty has fuelled the spread of the virus in the region. Of the 41 poorest and most heavily indebted countries in the world, 34 are in sub-Saharan Africa. Debt is a major cause of poverty and hardship in indebted countries where approximately 50 per cent of the population live on less than $1 per day and almost 50 million children are out of school.
The spread of HIV/AIDS can be controlled and its impact can be significantly reduced. The fight against HIV/AIDS depends on strong and effective campaigns in health and education. In the past year sub-Saharan Africa has paid rich creditors almost $15 billion in debt repayments. Every day vital resources are taken away from the health and education sectors in countries where the HIV/AIDS pandemic is at its worst.
Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS
Total 40 million (UNAIDS 2001)
The Structural Adjustment Programmes of creditors such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank force indebted countries to slash government spending and introduce user fees for health and education services thereby reducing access for the poorest. Millions of people remain vulnerable to the risk of infection whilst the vast majority of the world's HIV positive population have little hope of receiving treatment or support.
High levels of illiteracy and low levels of access to mass media and information hinder AIDS education awareness campaigns. Christian Aid report that without a decent education Africa's children are more vulnerable to contracting the virus in later life; 25 per cent of 15-19 year olds in Zambia still do not know how to protect themselves from infection.
HIV/AIDS is a social and an economic catastrophe. Over 12 million children across the continent have been orphaned. The pandemic is putting enormous pressure on health care systems in countries like Zambia where approximately 50 per cent of hospital beds are occupied due to an AIDS related illness. Furthermore, experienced personnel, both semi-skilled and highly trained, are being lost in all sectors, including education, social welfare, and agriculture. For example, in Zambia the number of teachers dying of AIDS related causes in 1998, was equivalent to two thirds of all new teachers trained that year. Twenty per cent of the population of Zambia are HIV positive. The country needs to spend $25 on each person annually on healthcare; however at the moment it is spending less than $3 per person per year. Meanwhile Oxfam International report that debt servicing for 2001 in Zambia will be 6 times greater than public spending on health.
Due to the predominantly sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS in Africa, the pandemic is concentrated among the most productive members of society, those aged between 15-49. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects sectors such as agriculture, transport and mining that are highly labour intensive or have large numbers of mobile or migratory workers. HIV/AIDS has the greatest impact on countries that rely on agricultural exports, which earn vital foreign exchange needed to pay the debt. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is reducing the labour force, productivity, outputs, overall economic growth and national food supplies. As noted by Oxfam International HIV/AIDS creates a vicious circle. The pandemic is reducing economic growth, which increases poverty and which in turn accelerates the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Response from Creditors is not good enough
Malawi is a heavily indebted poor country with nearly 16 per cent of its population testing positive for HIV. In August 2000, Malawi turned down a loan of $40 million from the World Bank. The loan was for AIDS treatment and prevention, but the deputy Prime Minister of Malawi said that it would be immoral for such a heavily indebted country to accept another loan that it really had no hope of repaying. If his country were to have a chance to fight AIDS they would need a grant and not another loan.
Debt Cancellation is urgently needed to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS
The Taoiseach Bertie Ahern recently uttered such sentiments. On June 26th 2001 Bertie Ahern addressed a special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on HIV/AIDS. In his speech he supported the urgent need for debt cancellation for countries with a high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS.
Debt and Development Coalition Ireland urge the Taoiseach to take action on his words by pressing the World Bank and International Monetary Fund and rich country governments to cancel the debts owed to them and allow heavily indebted countries fight the spread of HIV/AIDS.Substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in Africa
Seventy per cent of the world's HIV/AIDS population is found in Africa. With over 25 million Africans affected, HIV/AIDS has become the number one killer on the continent.
At the same time, the abuse of illicit drugs, including cannabis, cocaine, heroin and psychotropic substances, is rising. The number of women and adolescent drug abusers is increasing and, according to studies conducted in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, intravenous drug use (IDU) appears to be higher than commonly believed.
The direct link between IDU and HIV/AIDS has been established elsewhere, but up until recently, the situation in Africa was not as clear. Information now being collected is painting a new picture-4 per cent of registered HIV/AIDS cases in North Africa are reportedly caused by IDU, and individual countries report even higher rates. While sexual HIV transmission is clearly predominant in Africa, transmission among IDUs also plays a role.
In Mauritius, where HIV/AIDS prevalence rates are lower than in other East and Southern African countries, IDU was found in 21 per cent of a sample group of HIV-infected people. An ongoing World Health Organization study in Nairobi City also revealed an unexpectedly high number of heroin abusers injecting the drug intravenously. In Nigeria, a study carried out in 2000 in Lagos revealed that the HIV prevalence rate among heroin and cocaine street users was almost twice as high as among non-drug users (9.8 per cent for the former versus 5.4 per cent for the latter).
To address this situation, UNDCP and UNAIDS recently adopted a draft Action Plan against drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Africa. The plan focuses on incorporating prevention and awareness-raising measures into existing projects. Field activities will include linking drug control master plans to national HIV/AIDS programmes, generating gender sensitive data and focusing prevention efforts on African youth. The Plan also foresees the mobilization of African governments, donors and United Nations system partners, to integrate drug abuse prevention elements into HIV/AIDS and poverty reduction programmes.WORDS
stress
[观察] 阅读下列各句，并观察stress在句中的词性及用法。
1. Sally took a deep breath to release stress in the course of examinations.
2. The hurricane put great stress on the building.
3. Chinese Vice President lays stress on the unity especially in this hard time.
4. The stress of the word is on the second syllable.
5. The board (董事会) stressed that the plan must be carried out in one week.
6. Stress the second syllable in today.
7. The weight stressed the bridge to the point of damaging it.
[点拨] stress n. 精神压力，紧张， 如句 1；物理压力，应力， 如句 2；强调，重要性，常用于短语：lay / place / put stress on / upon 着重于，把重点放在，如句3；重音， 如句 4。
vt. 强调， 如句 5；重读，如句6；加压力于……，如句7。
[小试] 把下列句子翻译成汉语。
1. He doesn’t like the stress of life in a big city.
2. We should put stress on the training of students’ creative (创造的) ability.
3. He stressed the importance of a good education.
4. Can you find out the stress of the word
5. The branch couldn’t bear up under the stress of the heavy snow.
Key:
1. 他不喜欢大城市生活的压力。
2. 我们应该着重培养学生的创造能力。
3. 他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
4. 你能找出这个单词的重音吗？
5. 这根树枝在大雪的重压之下支撑不住了。
ban
ban n. 禁令，禁止。其后通常跟介词on。
vt. 禁止，取缔。可用于短语ban sb. from (doing) sth.，意为“禁止某人做某事”。如：
A great many people are against the ban on plastic bags.
许多人反对禁止使用塑料袋。
They put a ban on using the cars of this type.
他们禁止使用这种类型的汽车。
We ban all smoking in our club. 我们俱乐部禁止吸烟。
Those who carry dangerous things are banned from boarding the plane.
携带危险物品的乘客不允许登机。
[拓展] impose a ban 颁布禁令
lift a ban 解除禁令
[小试] 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. ______________ (禁止游泳) in this lake.
2. The majority support ______________ (禁止使用核武器).
3. The students ________________ （禁止喧哗）in the library.
Key:
1. Swimming is banned
2. the ban on nuclear weapons
3. are banned from making a noisestress的“压力”
[寓词于境]
阅读下列句子，注意句中stress的词性及含义。
1. Earthquakes often result from stresses inside the earth.
地震通常是由地球内部压力引起的。
2. Her stress grew with the job interview drawing nearer and nearer. 随着面试的临近，她的压力也在增加。
3. The official stressed the importance of good sanitation for public health.
这位官员强调了良好的卫生条件对公众健康的重要性。
4. When I was a child, Mother put great stress on my proper behavior. 我小时候，妈妈特别强调我要行为端正。
5. We worked on pronunciation, stress and intonation.
我们学习了语音、重读和语调。
[英文释义]
请从a-e中找出与以上句子中的stress相符合的解释。
a. v. to emphasize a fact, an idea, etc.
b. n. an extra force used when pronouncing a particular word or syllable
c. n. special importance given to sth.
d. n. pressure put on sth. that can damage it or make it lose its shape
e. n. pressure or worry caused by the problems in sb.’s life
Key: 1. d 2. e 3. a 4. c 5. b
[常用词组]
reduce stress 减少压力
under the stress of 在……的压力下
place / lay / put stress on 重视，强调
[例句展示]
Some young people couldn’t bear up under the stress of the modern life.
有些年轻人在现代生活的压力下支撑不住了。
I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality.
我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。
[小试牛刀]
将下列句子翻译成汉语。
1. She stressed that she wasn’t going to help.
2. Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
Key: 1. 她强调说她不会帮忙的。
2. 人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。(共10张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
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英语⑥
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Heathy LiteMood foods can help lift your spirits
不同的食物有不同的功效。有的可以提高记忆力，有的可以增强体质，有的甚至可以改善人的不良情绪。走进下文了解一下吧！
NEW YORK (CBS News) ― You know food fuels your body, but do you know it also fuels your mood What you put into your body can directly affect your stress and energy levels, dietitian (营养学家) Keri Glassman says.
In general, she notes, small meals every four hours help keep blood sugar levels stable. And Glassman says some foods can help lift “good moods” — and the effect can be relatively immediate.
FIGHT STRESS; FEEL CALM AND RELAXED
Milk: Whey protein (乳清蛋白质) has been shown to reduce anxiety and frustration. Although all dairy products have whey protein, milk will give you the biggest shot of it right away.
IMPROVE BRAIN POWER
Whole grains: The brain depends on glucose (葡萄糖) ― the most basic form of sugar ― to function. Whole grains provide your brain with a steady stream of glucose. Processed sugars, like the ones in packaged cookies or white bread, also provide glucose, but they break down very quickly in your body, causing blood sugar to increase quickly. Whole grains break down slowly, providing that steady stream. Researchers have found that eating whole grains at breakfast can keep blood sugar stable for up to 10 hours — improving concentration and memory.
Eggs: This one is a long-term effect. Eggs have been linked to memory in some studies. People who eat eggs regularly have been shown to have better memories than those who don’t. But again, don’t expect to eat eggs while studying for a test and then remember everything the next day! This one takes some time to affect your brain power.
GET ENERGIZED
Water: This is probably the most important thing you can consume to give you energy. Water is essential to all body functions, especially the conversion of food into energy.
Almonds (杏仁): Almonds are rich in magnesium (镁), which helps make the conversion of energy in your body more efficient.
BAD BEHAVIOR CAN LEAD TO BAD MOOD
Caffeine: Caffeine consumption should be limited to 150-200 mg. Too much can make it difficult to fall asleep.
Alcohol: A drink or two is fine and may even have health benefits, but too much can mess with your sleep cycle, making you feel tired.GRAMMAR
小词大用说it (一)
[讲一讲] 代词it虽小，却应用广泛，在英语中几乎处处都能见到它。it的用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点，也是近几年考试的热点，因此同学们在学习时应给予足够的重视。现在我们将it的用法归纳如下：
1． 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。如:
The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.
2． 用以代替指示代词this, that。如:
—Whose watch is that —It’s mine.
3． 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。如:
—Who is knocking at the door —It’s me.
4． 指环境、情况等。如:
It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment.
5． 指时间、季节等。如:
—What time is it —It’s eight o’clock.
6． 指距离。如:
It is only five miles from here to the hospital.
7． 指自然现象（天气、气候、明暗等）。如:
It’s getting cold (dark, late, etc.).
8. 作形式主语。
※ it替代作主语的动词不定式的常见句型为：It is + 形容词(+ of / for sb.) + to do sth.。 如：
It is brave of her to go home alone at night.
It is important for us to learn English well.
※ it替代作主语的动词-ing形式的常见句型为：It is no use / good + doing sth. It’s (well) worth doing sth.。 如：
It’s no use talking to him about it.
※ it替代作主语的从句的常见句型为：
（1）It is + 名词 + 从句。
It is no wonder / a pity / a shame + that ... (难怪/真可惜/真可耻……)。如：
It is no wonder that she was so angry.
（2）It is + 形容词 + 从句。 如：
It is natural that he （should） say so.
（3）It is + 过去分词 + that ...，能用于这个句型的动词有say, report, think, believe, hope, expect等。如：It is reported that the road was closed.
9. 作形式宾语。
※ it替代作宾语的动词不定式的常见形式为：动词+ it +形容词/名词+动词不定式。如：
I found it possible to do this regularly.
※ it替代作宾语的动词-ing 形式的常见形式为：动词+ it +形容词/名词+动词-ing形式。如：
She thought it no good worrying about him.
※ it替代作宾语的从句的常见形式为：动词+ it +形容词/名词+从句。如：
He has got to make it clear that his family is very poor.
※ 在某些特殊句式中，it 指代when从句或者if从句。如：
I don’t like it when people talk with the mouth full of food.
I’d appreciate it if you can help me to solve this problem.
【高考链接】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one （天津2011）
2. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that （山东2011）
3. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______.
A. them B. those C. it D. that （北京2011）
4. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this B. that C. one D. it（2010大纲全国卷II）
5. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was ______
—______ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; This B. this; It
C. it; This D. that; It （浙江2007）
6. I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you （山东2006）
7. If I can help ______, I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them（2006全国卷I）
Key:
【高考链接】1-4 AACD 5-7 DBCAmerican Red Cross HIV/AIDS Youth Education Programs
All across the country teens and young adults are living with HIV and AIDS and millions are at-risk for infection. As a leader in public health education, the Red Cross has a responsibility to help people understand how to apply the facts about HIV and AIDS to their own lives and to make choices that will protect them and others from HIV infection.
Red Cross HIV prevention education programs have been developed to meet the needs of various groups including African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos and youth. The American Red Cross takes the need to educate youth about HIV and AIDS very seriously. Since 1985, the American Red Cross has provided innovative lifesaving HIV prevention education to more than 18 million people across the country.
The map below depicts states with American Red Cross chapters that offer HIV prevention education programs for youth. Many chapters work in collaboration with community-based organizations to provide HIV prevention education to young people in schools, places of worship and community centers. American Red Cross chapters offering HIV prevention programs for youth can be identified by clicking the states indicated in red. If you are unable to locate an American Red Cross chapter with HIV prevention programs for youth in your community, please click here to locate your local Red Cross chapter.SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，补全所缺内容。
1. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. (P18)
【点拨】
a. 本句是一个由so连接的并列复合句；
b. 第一个分句中包含一个省略引导词that的宾语从句，作________的宾语；
c. after having a cigarette作时间状语，相当于状语从句after I had a cigarette；
d. 第二个分句中that引导宾语从句，作think的宾语；
e. 宾语从句中还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。
【翻译】我相信自己在抽完一支烟后更加轻松愉快，因此我也就开始以为只有抽烟时我才会感觉良好。
2. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. (P18)
【点拨】
a. 本句的主句是I didn’t know，从句是两个由that引导的宾语从句；
b. 引导第二个或以上的宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略；
c. 在第二个宾语从句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是__________。
3. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. (P18)
【点拨】
a. 本句中，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；
b. 主语从句中谓语动词know前用did是起强调作用，可以翻译为“确实，的确”；
c. I smelt terrible为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。
【仿写】 __________________________
（Jennifer的确向你写信道谢了。）
4. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. (P18)
【点拨】
a. 本句的主句为I knew it was time to quit smoking；
b. I knew后跟的是省略了引导词that的宾语从句；
c. it is / was time to do sth. 做某事的时候到了；
d. when引导的时间状语从句中又包含一个由________引导的原因状语从句。
【仿写】 __________________________
（Alice，你该做家庭作业了。）
Key:
1.【点拨】believed
2.【点拨】for smoking couples to become pregnant
3.【仿写】Jennifer did write to say thank you.
4.【点拨】because
【仿写】Alice, it is time to do your homework.(共16张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
Read the headline and first paragraph
of the reading passage and fill in the
form below.
Who
What
Where
When
It began 6 years ago and is still continuing
Yunnan and several other provinces
An AIDS awareness programme
Chinese Red Cross
2. Read the second paragraph and answer:
How is the programme performed
By training volunteers from the same peer group to hold two-day classes.
3. Read the rest of the passage and answer:
Why does the Chinese Red Cross start the programme
Because the number of young people becoming infected by HIV through sexual activity is increasing.
1. Answer the questions according to the text.
What two things does the programme do
It provides care and support for people suffering from HIV/AIDS and trains young people to teach other people about AIDS.
2) Who teaches people in the community
3) Why is the programme so successful
Volunteers who come from a similar group and are about the same age.
Because they are being taught by people very much like themselves.
4) What has recently changed in the way
the virus is spread
In the past it was mainly drug users and people who had been carelessly transfused who were becoming infected with AIDS. Today, an increasing number of young people are becoming infected through sexual activity.
5) Why is the Chinese government
concerned about HIV/AIDS
The government believes that if they do not act quickly to stop the spread, the number of people in China infected by HIV/AIDS could be as high as 10 million by the year 2010.
2. Learn something about the
newspaper article styles.
The sentences are long and complex.
The vocabulary is subject specific and does not use slang or colloquialism.
It is written in the third person.
There are no contractions.
There is no mention of personal feelings or personal experience.
Use short and simple sentences.
Use active voice.
Write in the first, second or the third person.
Use contractions. (can’t, won’t)
Use of formal style Use of informal style
Articles in books or newspapers
Books
Letters to people you do not know
Conversation
Plays
Letters between family members, friends or people you are familiar with考点点拨 考例回顾
1. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. (P18)
【考点】 be / become accustomed to后可接名词、动词-ing形式和动词原形作宾语。
【考例】
—They are quiet, aren’t they
—Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals.
A. to talk B. to not talk
C. to talking D. to not talking（江苏2008）
【点拨】选D。根据“他们很安静”可知“他们习惯于就餐时不说话”。be / become accustomed to后接动词-ing形式和动词原形的否定形式分别为：be / become accustomed to not doing和be / become accustomed not to do，故D项正确。
2. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. (P19)
【考点】feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。
【考例】 Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying
C. studied D. to study （四川2011）
【点拨】选B。句意为：Lydia不想出国留学，因为她父母年纪大了。
3. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. (P19)
【考点】disappointed失望的，沮丧的。
【考例】
—My teacher says she’s canceling the class play. I just can’t understand.
—______. You were looking forward to it.
A. It doesn’t matter B. It’s very unwise of her
C. Don’t worry about it D. You must be disappointed （福建2011）
【点拨】选D。答语意为：你一定很失望，你可是一直盼着呢。“设法对付”manage
manage既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，意为“能办到；设法对付；吃得下；管理；经营；完成（困难的事）”。如：
—Shall I carry the case for you
我替你搬箱子，好吗？
—No, thanks. I can manage (it).
不用了，谢谢。我能行。
She’s 80 and can’t manage on her own any more.
她80岁了，照顾不了自己的生活了。
Can you manage another piece of cake
你还能再吃块蛋糕吗？
I don’t know how they manage without him.
我不知道要是没有他，他们怎么对付。
They managed to get to the school before the rain poured.
他们设法在下大雨前到达学校。
We need people who are good at managing.
我们需要擅长管理的人。
[联想] management n. 经营；管理
manager n. 经理，经营者，老板
[比较] try to do sth. 与 manage to do sth.
try to do sth. = try one’s best in order to do sth. well (不确定能否成功)
manage to do sth. = try one’s best and succeed in doing sth. (确定能成功)
[小试] 请用try或manage的适当形式填空。
1. He _____ to finish the work on time, but failed.
2. Although he was tired, he _____ to reach the top of the mountain.
Key: 1. tried 2. managedGUIDED WRITING
劝说性信函写作ABC
【写作指导】
1. 写劝说性回信时，首先要分析来信的问题，弄清对方的意图或者真正的问题所在，然后表明自己的观点，做到回信有针对性，达到答疑解惑的目的。
2. 针对问题提出建议，并说明原因。在回信时一定要清楚、明了、客观，紧扣主题，使收信人一目了然，感到疑惑得以解答，在给出建议的同时注意语气委婉适度。
3. 最后，提出期望，希望收信人积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。
【常用句型】
首段：引出问题。
I am sorry you have had so much trouble (in) doing ... I have some suggestions for you. / Here are my suggestions ... / I hope the tips below will help you.
You have asked for my advice on ... and I will try to make some suggestions.
主体：提出建议。
In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following...
First of all ... Meanwhile ... In addition...
First ... Second ... At last...
It’s important for you to...
If you do ... it will be better.
You had better do...
You should (not)...
It would be a good idea to...
结尾：提出期望。
Cheer up! Your problems will soon be over.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.
I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
Please let me know if I can help further.
I hope you can take my advice.
I do hope my suggestions can help you.
【实战演练】
假如你是某健康专栏的顾问David，收到李华的来信，信中谈到他每天学习注意力不集中，昏昏欲睡，询问如何才能拥有健康的生活，请给他回信并提出相应的建议。
要点提示：
1. 合理膳食；
2. 规律起居、保证睡眠、劳逸结合；
3. 适量运动；
4. 保持好心情。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Li Hua,
You’ve asked my advice on how to lead a healthy life. Here are some suggestions for you.
First, keep a balanced diet. Each kind of food provides you with different nutrition which helps make your body strong. Second, keep regular daily habits. Arrange your daily timetable properly and obey it strictly. Never stay up too late because the right amount of sleep can make you energetic. Try to achieve a proper balance between work and play, as the proverb says, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Finally, you should take some exercise and most importantly, be in a good mood every day.
I do hope my suggestions can help you lead a healthy life.
Yours, David(共20张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
Medical chart
Name: Li Yue
Age: 18
Occupation: _________
Today’s date: _________
Symptoms: ____________
______________________________
______________
Student
headaches,
feel tired all the time, not sleeping
and eating well
Possible problem: _____
Proposed action:
__________________________________
__________________________________
_______________
______________________
1. Do some tests to rule out anything physical (make sure there is nothing seriously wrong).
2. Discuss ways to relax.
stress
worry a little
be careful about worrying too much
relaxed
became ill
headaches
didn’t sleep well
didn’t feel like eating
was tired
went to the doctor
learned about stress.
The doctor told Li Yue to keep a balance in her life between work and relaxation.
Li Yue says you could become ill.
Li Yue suggests that the students have fun, keep in touch with friends and do some exercise every day.
Page 59
Prepare a talk that you could give to students younger than yourself about an important health issue.
Find a partner and decide on a health issue that concerns you. Here are a few examples:
drugs alcohol diet exercise HIV/AIDS
stress smoking sleep habits
I choose smoking, which
I think concerns me most.
Smoking can lead to lung cancer.
It can do damage to my intelligence.
2. With your partner, discuss:
How does the issue affect your health
How could it affect your school life
Smoking can weaken my nervous
system. I may have a bad memory
if I smoke. I won’t be a good student
at school.
Think of four or five suggestions that you would give younger students to make sure they do not put their health at risk.
1. Do not smoke. 2. Do not drink alcohol. 3. Do not study all the time. Take a
rest from time to time. 4. Do not eat too much. 5. Do not get angry easily.
3. Work on your own to plan your speech.
Make notes only. Do not write out the
whole speech. Remember to:
Introduce yourself and the topic of your speech.
Say something about why you want to talk to them about this topic.
Give the students a few suggestions that they will find easy and sensible to follow.
Finish your speech with some words of encouragement.
4. Give your speech to your partner. Use
your notes as a reminder. Do not read
them to your partner. Listen to your
partner’s speech and give advice on
how it could be improved. Use the chart
below to help you assess the speech.
Checklist Yes No
1 Did he/she speak too fast or too slowly
2 Did he/she have a clear voice and good pronunciation
3 Was the speech interesting or boring
4 Did he/she make any mistakes
Checklist Yes No
5 Did he/she offer good advice
6 Was the speech well-planed
7 Did he/she talk directly to the
audience
8 Did he/she sound friendly (共35张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
英文建议信属于应用文写作范畴，是向征询建议者就某事提出写信人的建议和忠告。
高考中此类信件多属于半开放性作文，要求考生根据所给的材料(多为征求建议信)，提出合理化建议，或者给出有针对性的解决办法。
建议信要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由，并且提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要委婉礼貌。此外，建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、语言要具有合理性和说服力。
开门见山，表明写作意图。在本段中，写信人应该先简单介绍自己，然后陈述事由，表明写信的目的及原因。
委婉地提出建议及改进措施，或提出忠告。
礼貌地总结并期盼对方的回复。
Read this letter and imagine that you are the adviser who deals with students’ problems. Write a letter to give Xiao Li some helpful advice.
Dear ___,
Can you help me please My best friend has just started smoking. I do not like it and I told her what I thought. She laughed at me and said that I was not
grown-up enough.
Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed. I did not know how to refuse it. Please help me. I do
not want to start smoking, but I do not want to lose my best friend, either.
Yours sincerely,
Li Xiaolei
Dear ___________,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______ (建议的主题), and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ____________ (建议的内容)
I hope you will find these proposals ______, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to _____________.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
useful
further details
Your friend is ____________ smoking and your ________
towards this matter.
addicted to
attitude
I think it more important to ______ the smoker to use good judgment and to show ________ for others.
call on
concern
You had better ______ his offer, and he will ___________ you at last.
reject
understand
巧列提纲，详略得当:
针对问题需要提出什么样的建议，要讲哪些内容，应该先列出提纲，并要做到内容重点突出、详略得当、井然有序，达到提纲挈领的作用。
Pointing out the harm of smoking.
Showing your advice.
翻译要点，勾勒脉络:
列出提纲后，可以尝试着将文章中涉及到的建议要点或忠告翻译成相应的英语句子，这样全文的骨架就已经形成了。在此基础上，可增加合理的想象以及适当的扩展。
Smoking is _______ to your health, especially to your lung.
I think it more important to ______ the smoker to use good judgment and to show ________ for others.
You had better ______ his offer, and he will ___________ you at last.
harmful
call on
concern
reject
understand
巧妙构思，浑然成篇:
增加适当的情节和一些过渡词将上述要点连接起来，加以适当润色，形成一篇地道、完整的英语建议信。
Medical scientists have expressed their concern about the effect of smoking on the ______ not only of those who are smoking but also of those who live in the air _________ by tobacco smoke.
health
polluted
Smoking, which may be _________
for some people, is a series of ___________ for their fellows.
a pleasure
discomforts
Studies show that _____________
suffer more than the smokers themselves.
non-smokers
规范书写，落笔成文:
上述四个步骤是构思写作的基础，而规范书写是落笔成文的关键。在这个环节中，切不可因为书写潦草、乱涂乱改而让人看不出个所以然，结果使整篇文章黯然失色。
Dear Li Ming,
You have asked me for my advice. Your friend is addicted to smoking and you strongly object to it. I will try to make some conductive suggestions here.
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health. Medical scientists have expressed their concern about the effect of smoking on the health not only of those who are smoking but also of those who live in the air polluted by tobacco smoke.
Smoking, which may be a pleasure for some people, is a series of discomforts for their fellows. And studies show that non-smokers suffer more than the smokers themselves.
In my opinion, it is more important to call on the smoker to use good judgment and to show concern for others. Taking your health into consideration, you had better reject his offer, and I think he will understand you at last.
I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.
Yours Sincerely,
Li MingREADING TASKS
Advice from Grandad
Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Ways to become addicted to cigarettes ◆ Physically addicted to 1 ◆ Addicted through habit◆ 2 addicted
Harmful effects of smoking ◆ Do terrible damage to your 3 .◆Smoking couples have more difficulty 4 .◆ Smokers’ babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be 5 in some way.◆ Affect the health of 6 .◆ Your breath and clothes 7 .◆The ends of your fingers turn yellow.◆ Become 8 quickly and less enjoy sports.
Advice on stopping smoking ◆ Prepare yourself.◆ 9 .◆ Break the habit.◆ Relax.◆ Get help if you need it.◆ 10 .
II. True (T) or False (F):
1. Grandad is nearly 82 years old when he writes the letter to his grandson.
2. In fact, few smokers have managed to stop smoking.
3. If you want to stop smoking, choose a day to quit.
4. Most smokers could stop smoking for the first time.
5. Grandad didn’t begin to quit smoking until he was taken off the school team.
Key:
I. 1. nicotine 2. Mentally
3. heart and lungs 4. (in) becoming pregnant
5. abnormal 6. non-smokers
7. smell 8. breathless
9. Be determined 10. Keep trying
II. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T(共24张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
Advice from Grandad
1. Discuss the following questions with your classmates.
1) Have you ever smoked If you have,
have you stopped
2) Why do you think some adolescents
start smoking
3) In what ways is smoking harmful Do
you think smoking should be banned
4) Where could you get good advice on
stopping smoking
1. What’s the main idea of the first part
The grandfather lives a healthy life
because of his quitting smoking.
B. The three ways of becoming addicted to
smoking.
C. The harmful effects of smoking.
D. A letter explaining how a smoker
becomes addicted to cigarettes and why
he should give it up.
2. What’s the main idea of the second part
Advice on how to stop smoking.
B. How to prepare yourself.
C. Suggestions on breaking the habit of
smoking.
D. Millions have managed to quit smoking
and so can you.
3. Match the topic sentence of each paragraph of the first part.
Para. 1 a. Granddad talks about James’
problem of smoking.
Para. 2 b. The harmful effects of
smoking.
Para. 3 c. Granddad tells about the life
he is living and the
importance of a healthy life.
Para. 4 d. Granddad’s hope for James
and his advice on stopping
smoking.
Para. 5 e. The three different ways of
becoming addicted.
Who writes the letter
To whom
Purpose
James’ grandfather
James
To give James some advice and encourage him to quit smoking
Go through the first two and the last paragraphs.
The grandpa is 82 years old now.
2. The grandpa thinks it easy to quit
smoking.
3. The third way of becoming addicted to
smoking is mentally addicted.
4. Cigarette smoke can affect the health of a
non-smoker.
5. Every time you feel like a smoke, you
should have a smoke.
1. The first sentence of the letter shows
James’ granddad _____________.
lives a healthy life
B. is addicted to sitting in the garden
C. has nothing to do at home
D. is tired when returning from a long bike trip
2. In what way did the old man try to
persuade his grandson to give up
smoking
Using scientific theory.
B. His failure in love.
C. His sports activity.
D. His own experience.
3. ____ forced James’ granddad to give
up smoking.
A. That he ran too slow
B. That he was taken off the school
football team
C. His girlfriend
D. His parents
Read the first part carefully, and try to finish the following chart.
Information from the reading passage
Different ways people can become addicted to cigarettes. 1. become __________
addicted to nicotine.
2. become addicted through ______.
3. become ________
addicted.
physically
habit
mentally
Harmful physical effects for smokers. 1. do terrible damage to
___________.
2. have difficulty in
__________________.
Effects that a person’s smoking can have on other people. 1. other people dislike the
______.
2. The cigarette smoke could affect the ______ of non-smokers.
Effects that smoking can have on sporting performance. be unable to _____ sport.
your heart
becoming pregnant
smell
health
enjoy
1. ____________________.
2. ____________________.
3. ____________________.
4. ____________________.
5. ____________________.
6. ____________________.
Read the second part of the text and find out the suggestions on quitting smoking:
Be determined
Prepare yourself
Break the habit
Relax
Get help if you need it
Keep trying
How can I stop smoking
Summarize the article “How can you stop smoking ”.
Choose a day that is not ________ to quit smoking. Make a list of all the ________ you will get from stopping smoking. ______ away all your cigarettes. ________ yourself you are a non-smoker when you feel like _________. Develop some other habits to keep yourself _____. If you feel nervous or _______, try some _________
stressful
benefits
Throw
Remind
smoking
busy
stressed
relaxation
exercises like deep breathing. You can stop smoking with a ______ or join a group. If necessary, ask a doctor or ________ for help. The most important is to keep trying. Don’t feel ____________ if you smoke again. Just ____ again.
friend
chemist
try
disappointed
Discuss these questions in groups.
1. What kind of person do you think James’ grandfather is
2. What other information could have been included
3. What do you think can be done to protect non-smokers (especially women and babies) from those who smoke
1. Make sentences with the following words and phrases:
due to addicted to accustomed to automatically mentally manage pregnant quit decide on eventually
2. Search on the Internet or other sources for information about how to stop smoking.(共38张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
1. It is never too old to learn.
活到老, 学到老。
2. It rains cats and dogs.
大雨滂沱
3. It never rains but it pours.
不鸣则已, 一鸣惊人。
4. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.
1. It is never too old to learn.
2. It rains cats and dogs.
3. It never rains but it pours.
4. It is a poor mouse that has only one hole.
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
4. I think it best that
you should do
more exercise.
5. He found it difficult
to accustom himself
to getting up early.
The subject position
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
“It” can be used in the
subject position to stand for
_______, ___________
or _________.
a clause
an infinitive
-ing form
The object position
4. I think it best that you should do more
exercise.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself
to getting up early.
a clause
an infinitive
It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
4. I think it best that you should do more
exercise.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself
to getting up early.
“It” can be used in the
subject or object position to stand for ________,
___________ or _________.
a clause
an infinitive
-ing form
It’s difficult to give up smoking.
Is it certain that they will win
It is good learning without practice.
It is fun for him to study.
It’s a pity that our teacher can’t take
part in our party. 6. It is suggested that we (should) arrive
there in 2 hours.
formal subject
It + is + adj./ n./ p.p. + infinite/ clause/
-ing form
real subject
clear, easy, true, difficult, certain, etc.
fun, a pity, a shame, no use / good, etc.
said, believed, decided, hoped, etc.
It’s difficult to give up smoking.
It is fun for him to study. 3. It is suggested that we (should) arrive
there in 2 hours.
遵循英语语言的尾重原则, 避免句子头重脚轻。
formal object
2. … + verb + it + adj./ n. + infinite/
clause/ -ing form
real object
find, think, feel, believe, consider, make, etc.
2. Some young people think they look
attractive when they smoke.
It seems _________________________
_________________________________
Giving up smoking is difficult to do.
It is __________________________
that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
difficult to give up smoking.
3. Most people believe smoking causes cancer.
It is believed _________________________
4. Don’t try to quit on a stressful day.
It is no use ___________________________
trying to quit on a stressful day.
that smoking causes cancer.
5. China produces one third of the world’s
cigarettes.
It is astonishing _____________________
_______________________________
6. You are not allowed to advertise
cigarettes in this country.
It is illegal __________________________
________
that China produces one-third of the world’s cigarettes.
to advertise cigarettes in this country.
7. My father has quit smoking at last.
It is wonderful _____________________
____________________
8. The night was dark and stormy when
the old man started his journey.
It was a __________________________
_____________________________
dark and stormy night when
the old man started his journey.
that my father has quit smoking at last.
9. You could suffer from bad health if you
keep smoking.
It is likely __________________________
________________________
10. You have to take pills to control your
blood pressure.
It is necessary _____________________
_________________________
for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.
that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
8. It was a dark and stormy night when
the old man started his journey.
In this sentence, “it” is used to talk
about time.
“It” can be used in another way
In this sentence, what does “it” refer to
It is a beautiful day.
2. It never rains but it pours.
3. It was time to quite smoking.
4. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.
5. It takes all sorts.
世上的人形形色
色，无奇不有。
“It” can be used to talk about ________, _____, ________, etc.
It is a beautiful day.
2. It never rains but it pours.
3. It was time to quite smoking.
4. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.
5. It takes all sorts.
weather
time
distance
Impersonal “it” can also be used to
talk about ____, ______, ____________,
_____________, etc.
circumstance
1. It is Friday today.
2. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city.
3. It is 40℃! You got a high fever!
4. It’s quiet here.
date
place
temperature
1. It was very cold yesterday.
2. It is about 8:30 now.
3. It is about 5km from my home to the park.
4. It’s quite noisy here.
5. I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.
circumstance
weather
time
distance
weather
One of you is an eyewitness (E) who has seen a robbery or an accident. The other is the policeman/policewoman (P) who wants as much information as possible. Use “it” in the answers.
EXAMPLE:
P: What was the weather like on the day of
the accident
E: It was beginning to rain hard and the
ground was slippery.
P: How far could you see
E: It was impossible to see more than twenty
yards ahead of you, so all the cars were
travelling very slowly.
P: What about Mr. Li’s car Was it
travelling slowly too …
Practise your dialogue and then swap roles.Several ways to reduce stress
This may come as a surprise, but you need stress in your life. Some experts say that life without stress would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. However, too much stress can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. Too much emotional stress can result in physical illness, such as high blood pressure, headaches, or even heart disease. On the other hand, physical stress from study or exercise rarely causes such illnesses. A major challenge in today’s stress-filled world is to make the stress in your life work for you instead of against you.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to help you to relax and to handle your mental or emotional stress.
First, your attitude towards stress is important. You should keep an active attitude towards stress. If you have an active attitude, stress can become impetus (动力).
Second, taking some exercise is a good method to release (舒缓) stress. A large number of physical activities can reduce anxiety. For example, taking a walk or jogging can help you to release stress. Mountain climbing and swimming are also very helpful.
Third, sharing your stress with others can be greatly helpful. You can often talk with your close friends and in this way you may also release stress.
Fourth, entertainment also can make you relax. Making time for fun such as listening to music may be good medicine. Sometimes even crying is an efficient way to release stress.
In a word, you should have a good attitude, do some exercise and take part in some activities. Then you’ll find satisfaction in just “being”, without trying or striving. Your focus on relaxation, enjoyment and health will reduce stress, anxiety and worry in your school life. The result is — you will be calmer, healthier and happier.Unit 3单元测试卷 1
第二部分： 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15 分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. —Mom, some of my classmates are planning a trip during the winter vacation. May I join them
—_____ You promised to visit Grandma during your winter vacation.
A. Think about it! B. I don’t mind.
C. Yes, why not D. I am afraid not.
22. —What do you think of _____ gifted chemist from London
—Well, sometimes his behavior is beyond _____ comprehension.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填
23. Not all of us can deal with the _____ of modern life.
A. prejudices B. judgment C. stresses D. convenience
24. Once you _____ working with the professor, you will find he is not as tough as expected.
A. become accustomed to
B. object to
C. get addicted to
D. admit to
25. Carelessness is something you must quit _____ a higher position in the company.
A. offering B. being offered
C. to offer D. to be offered
26. The young girl was _____ to ask such a simple question and nodded like the others.
A. shamed B. ashamed
C. shameful D. shameless
27. The medicine bought at a high price turned out to have no _____.
A. influence B. result C. effect D. risk
28. The program has made great progress _____ little support from the government.
A. due to B. with regard to
C. instead of D. in spite of
29. —Have you got used to living alone
—Yes. But I still find _____ lonely sometimes.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
30. Hearing that he would have to be given another injection, the boy _____ a smile to cover up his fear.
A. wore B. managed C. strengthened D. controlled
31. —When did Lily’s brother finally stop drinking alcohol
—It was in May _____ he was put into prison for drunk driving.
A. that B. since C. when D. before
32. There was a long _____ silence between them after Jim’s angry words.
A. automatic B. abnormal
C. desperate D. awkward
33. Adolescents need adults to guide them; otherwise, _____ is easy for them to get into trouble.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
34. We’d better make the possible results clear _____ someone else feels like quitting.
A. until B. every time C. while D. next time
35. The notices outside our teaching building _____ what students showed interest in when I was a schoolboy.
A. had always been banned B. were always banning
C. were always banned D. had always been banning
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandson is seven now. He lives 100 miles away. He 36 my mobile phone number when he was only four. 37 , he has called me every night.
He also 38 calls me at other times during the day just to 39 a happy or sad moment. Many times he is holding a basketball with one hand, or 40 with a friend about something I don’t quite 41 , or crying about something. I just 42 and laugh or cry with him — just share his emotion. I always let him be in 43 of the conversation, the emotion, and the amount of time he’s on the 44 with me. Many times I just listen to him 45 or listen while he does his homework aloud.
The 46 time I take control of the conversation is when he’s 47 to say goodbye at night. Then I say, “I love you, baby”. One 48 I thought maybe he was 49 of hearing those words, so I didn’t say them. He immediately called me back and told me that I 50 to say the sentence! Since then I have never 51 saying it again!
All my friends know he takes precedence over (比……重要) all other things. If I’m at a place where I really can’t take his 52 , I always excuse myself and
53 tell him I’ll call him back in a few minutes. I want him to know that he takes first place in my 54 .
Every child needs at least one 55 in their life to listen and share with. I am glad to give my grandson the love he needs.
36. A. memorized B. kept C. noticed D. wrote
37. A. Once again B. Since then C. Later on D. Shortly after
38. A. briefly B. directly C. instantly D. frequently
39. A. express B. discuss C. share D. mark
40. A. comparing B. laughing C. studying D. quarrelling
41. A. understand B. enjoy C. believe D. remember
42. A. look B. talk C. sit D. listen
43. A. charge B. need C. support D. face
44. A. conversation B. phone C. way D. game
45. A. play B. sleep C. lie D. act
46. A. last B. only C. perfect D. right
47. A. willing B. determined C. ready D. eager
48. A. day B. night C. weekend D. morning
49. A. afraid B. tired C. aware D. ashamed
50. A. decided B. learnt C. agreed D. forgot
51. A. escaped B. failed C. missed D. denied
52. A. invitation B. call C. help D. attention
53. A. naturally B. politely C. simply D. happily
54. A. work B. brain C. appointment D. heart
55. A. friend B. grandparent C. adult D. teacher
第三部分： 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A ★
“Gold Rush Alaska” has given America gold fever. A lot of young men put everything at risk to find gold in Alaska. They face problems with their machines and the Alaska wild animals. They’re just ordinary people out trying to realize a dream.
Todd Dorsey is one of them. He spent $100,000 on it and prepared for a year before going to Alaska. He brought his family and friends to help him out. He must get them mining (开矿) and a place to stay. He also had to keep their spirits up and kept everyone working as a team. They had to run off bears sometimes from their camp.
They had to face the fact that their lead mechanic’s (机修工的) health was not good. They called him Harness, and he was on medication that was hard for him to take, because out in Alaska it was not easy to get to the hospital and so he didn’t enjoy good health. He was the only one who could keep things running the way they were supposed to. There was one guy that didn’t seem to get along with anyone. But didn’t there always have to be someone that didn’t get along and messed things up
They got excited when they found a few small pieces of gold, but they needed a lot more to cover the cost of mining every day. It cost Todd $1,000 a day to run everything they needed to mine. They had to make money before the Alaska summer came to an end or they would go broke （破产）.
56. We learn from the text that the young men joining the gold rush ______.
A. knew Alaska well before they set off
B. were poor before they went to Alaska
C. faced the threat of wild animals
D. got along well with each other
57. According to the text, Harness ______.
A. was the leader of the young men
B. never messed things up
C. was very important to everyone
D. had to be taken to hospital
58. What does the author think of Todd Dorsey
A. He thinks highly of what Todd did.
B. He believes Todd can realize his dream.
C. He thinks Todd lacked team spirit.
D. He thinks Todd was taking a chance.
B ★★
Most people consider skydiving (高空跳伞) a product of the 20th century, but its history actually goes further back than that. The Chinese attempted to parachute (跳伞) in the 10th century, a thousand years before we did. The Chinese did what we would today call base diving; that is, they jumped off a place that would allow them to float from a height to the ground.
The first person to attempt to parachute was a Frenchman named Jacques Garnerin. He jumped from his hot-air balloon at the end of the 18th century and did tricks on the way down and stupefied the crowds by landing safely on the ground. At the end of the 19th century, Kathie Paulus, a brave German woman, became famous for her skydiving skills.
Once the airplane was invented, skydiving took on a whole new form. The airplane made it possible to dive from greater heights at greater speeds, allowing for more range in the movements in the air. A woman named Tiny Broadwick became the first woman to jump from a plane in 1913 and dive free fall in 1914.
Skydiving was not called skydiving until the middle of the 1950s, when Ronald Young invented the word. It had been called parachuting before this and was mainly used by the military to land troops in inland locations, or for pilots to jump out of their planes when necessary. Once World War I was over, parachuting became a sport, which we now call skydiving.
After World War II, this activity became more a hobby than a military action. Soldiers were trained in parachuting and enjoyed the thrill so much that they continued on for fun. From this, teams and competitions were formed. Skydiving schools appeared in the late 1950s and now it is a recognized extreme sport enjoyed by many.
59. The underlined word “stupefied” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. disappointed B. encouraged C. surprised D. attacked
60. Who was the first woman to jump from a plane
A. Jacques Garnerin. B. Kathie Paulus. C. Tiny Broadwick. D. Ronald Young.
61. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The Chinese attempted different skydiving skills in the 10th century.
B. Skydiving became popular after the airplane was invented.
C. The word skydiving was first used in a military action.
D. There were no skydiving schools until the late 1950s.
62. What would be the best title for this text
A. The history of skydiving
B. The popularity of skydiving
C. What is skydiving
D. Why is skydiving an extreme sport
C ★★★
Most people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the journal Science, explains why this happens.
The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons (调节食欲的神经元) in the brain, besides the receptors (感受器) that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control. This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.
The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite. In the future, weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but that’s no reason to wait. Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.
Drink water. To improve metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates, make half of those glasses ice water. Juice can be too high in calories, something you’ll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker. Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.
Keep moving. Exercise kills two birds with one stone. It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you’re not truly hungry. It’s also a feel-good stress reliever (缓解物). Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel. Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.
63. Which of the following changes people’s appetite according to the new research
A. Nicotine.
B. Appetite-regulating neurons.
C. The receptors that bring about addiction.
D. The food that has been consumed.
64. By saying “but that’s no reason to wait” in Paragraph 3, the author means that ______.
A. some new drugs are going to be developed soon
B. nicotine-replacement treatment cannot help everyone
C. losing weight shouldn’t be an excuse for smoking
D. some ways to quit smoking while staying slim are available
65. The author believes that ______.
A. ice water can improve metabolic rates
B. smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slim
C. stress can lead to fake hunger
D. exercise can help one eat less
66. The purpose of the text is ______.
A. to introduce the result of a new study
B. to explain the reason why smokers become slim
C. to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smoker
D. to tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight
D ★★
TEFL (Teaching English as a foreign language) England runs TEFL courses for English-speaking people wishing to teach English abroad. Our courses will give you the qualifications (资格证书) to find your first paid teaching job abroad.
We run TEFL courses across the whole of England. We offer a lot of courses, which are different in length, price and level of qualification. Once you have finished all your TEFL England courses, and get your TEFL certificate (结业证书), you will be able to get the TEFL job we offer. We now have TEFL jobs in Spain, Japan, China and other countries worldwide. Through our courses you will learn all you need to step into your first TEFL classroom. If you have lost your job we can offer you a 10% discount off the course cost.
TEFL England 24-hour weekend courses are taught in an interesting way and help you to be fit for your job in just 12 days. You’ll learn the rules of English language teaching and become skilled at how to plan, prepare and teach TEFL lessons with lots of hands-on activities. You’ll spend your weekend learning by doing, not by writing!
The cost of all the courses is 480 pounds. If you only attend half the courses, you have to pay 300 pounds. If you wish to attend the courses you should let us know ahead of time. For more information visit www.teflengland.co.uk, call 0800 9 888 200 between 9 am and 5:30 pm Monday to Friday to talk to one of our TEFL trained advisors or e-mail info@tefleng-land.co.uk.
67. What can we learn from this text
A. TEFL England has schools all over the world.
B. TEFL England offers two 2-hour courses each day.
C. If you get the certificate you can get a job.
D. If you study half the courses you should pay half of the fees.
68. If you have no job and want to attend all the courses you have to pay ______.
A. 300 pounds B. 480 pounds
C. 270 pounds D. 432 pounds
69. Which of the following best describes the courses
A. Interesting and practical.
B. Friendly and active.
C. Funny but serious.
D. Useful but strict.
70. How many ways are mentioned to get in touch with TEFL England
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The benefits of walking to school
Encouraging your child to walk to school has many benefits. 71
The rates of childhood obesity and illnesses such as type II Diabetes (糖尿病) can be prevented by a healthy dose of walking. 72 On average around half of all children do not do the minimum one hour a day of physical activity advised by the Health Education Authority. A quick walk to school can help them get their daily exercise and arrive at school or home, refreshed and energised.
73 There was very strong evidence that walking to school improves children’s social development. This related to social contacts, independence and road sense. The walkers reported a happy social experience. It is believed that getting a lift to school each day can lead to a child becoming lethargic (无生气的).
According to research, the average drive to school and back releases 800g of CO2 into the air. 74 If walking to school once a week can save 20 per cent of CO2 gas produced by driving every day, how much CO2 can be saved a year!
Last but not least, encouraging your child to walk to school will save you money. 75
Since walking to school has so many health, social, environmental and economical benefits, why not let your child walk from now on
A. It is enough to blow over 60 balloons.
B. The following are some of them in different aspects.
C. Walking can have a positive effect on a child’s emotional health.
D. You will spend less money on transport fares or petrol of course.
E. Furthermore, 50 per cent of children still don’t regularly walk to school.
F. In fact, walking helps protect the body from many serious illnesses later on in life.
G. Parents, children and teachers are asked to think about the benefits of walking to school.
第四部分： 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Li Yue was awarding the title of “Star Student of the Week” because what she did for our class. On the hot afternoon of last Saturday, Li Yue went to downtown and walked from one store to other, looking for the clothes we would wear in the singing contest. While the rest of us were enjoying our leisure times in cool rooms, she spends the whole afternoon searching for the right clothes. Deeply moved by her, we tried our best and won first prize in the contest. Li Yue is always warm-hearted and care a lot about the class. Beside, she often devotes her spare time to help others. She has set the good example for us.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
最近，你班将举行以“How to live a healthy lifestyle”为题的英语班会，请你准备一篇100词左右的演讲稿，谈谈在日常生活中我们应该怎样养成健康的生活方式。
Key:
21-25 DBCAD 26-30 BCDDB
31-35 CDCDB 36-40 ABDCB
41-45 ADABA 46-50 BCBBD
51-55 CBBDC 56-60 CCDCC
61-65 DAADA 66-70 DCDAB
71-75 BFCAD
76. Li Yue was awarding ... awarding → awarded
77. ... because what ... because后加of或because → for
78. ... went to downtown ... 去掉to
79. ... one store to other ... other → another
80. ... enjoying our leisure times ... times → time
81. ... she spends the ... spends → spent
82. ... and care a lot ... care → cares
83. ... Beside, she ... Beside → Besides
84. ... spare time to help ... help → helping
85. ... set the good example ... the → a
One possible version:
Dear fellow students,
As we all know, good health is so essential to our daily life and lays the foundation for our future development.
However, in modern times, many people don’t live a healthy lifestyle due to different reasons. In my opinion, we should have a healthy diet and play sports regularly to keep physically healthy. Besides, we should take a positive attitude towards people around us so that we can keep mentally healthy. Furthermore, I strongly advise that we should never sit too long in front of computers because it is bad for our health.
I hope all of us can live healthily and happily. That’s all. Thank you!“由于”种种原因
due to 由于；因为。如：
His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.
他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。
Most of the problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
He arrived late due to the snow. 由于下雪，他来晚了。
[比较] due to / because of / thanks to
这三个短语意思相同，一般可以互换，但是要注意以下区别：
due to 可引导状语、定语或表语，但多引导表语。
because of 一般引导状语，不引导表语；但当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语。
thanks to 常引导状语；除了“由于”的意思外，还可意为“多亏”，多引出好的原因。
[例句] He knew she was crying because of what he had said.
他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning. 幸亏你，我才没有被淹死。
[小试] 将下列句子翻译成汉语。
1. Thanks to your kind help, we finished early.
2. The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
3. He walked slowly because of his bad leg.
Key: 1. 多亏你的好心帮助，我们才早早完成了。
2. 这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
3. 他因为腿不方便而行走缓慢。(共38张PPT)
人教课标
高二 选修 6
Unit 3
Let’s see some sad AIDS patients.
How much do you know about AIDS
1. Only bad people get AIDS.
2. I can become infected with HIV by
swimming in a pool, holding hands
or kissing someone with HIV.
3. In 2002, there were 42 million people
living with HIV/AIDS in the world.
4. People who have not injected drugs
do not need to get tested for HIV.
5. If I had HIV, I would know because
I would feel sick.
6. Evidence shows that men get AIDS more
easily than women.
7. It is very likely that you will die if
you become infected with HIV.
Choose a main idea for each part
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Ways to protect yourself.
Some wrong statements about AIDS.
Background information
about HIV / AIDS.
Choose the best answers.
1) The word “homosexuals” means _____.
A. people only attracted by the same sex
B. people who don’t care about
themselves
C. people who are very sexy.
D. people who often have sex.
2) We can infer from the passage that
____.
A. HIV is equal to AIDS
B. HIV is different from AIDS
C. HIV weakens a person’s immune
system
D. people can have HIV in their
blood for quite a long time
3) In order to stay safe, you _________.
A. should not share needles with
someone else.
B. have to avoid using anything else
that the person has used while
injecting drugs.
C. should use a condom if you have
sex with another one.
D. All of the above.
1. What is HIV
HIV is a virus, a small living thing leading people to disease.
2. What is AIDS
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome.
(后天免疫缺陷综合症)
AIDS is a disease. The stage of having HIV in one’s body is called AIDS.
3. What is the difference between HIV
and AIDS
HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV.
4. How does HIV affect people’s health
HIV virus weakens a person’s immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.
May these actions lead to being infected with HIV
cough kiss communicate
sneeze shake hands hug
May these actions lead to being infected with HIV
broken
skin
sharing
needles
injection
HIV is a _____. It weakens a person’s ________ system. The _____ of the illness is called AIDS. HIV is spread through ______ or the _____ that the body makes during sex. Until now, scientists do not have a _____ for the disease. So, you need to _______ yourself. If you inject drugs, do not share your ________
virus
immune
state
blood
fluid
cure
protect
needle
with anyone else. If you have sex with a male or a female, use a _______. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become ________. You can not tell by _______ at someone whether or not they have HIV. It’s wrong to think that only ____________ get AIDS. Anyone who has sex with a
condom
infected
looking
homosexuals
person infected with HIV _____ getting the virus. If you hug, touch or _____ someone with AIDS, you cannot get the disease. There is no ________ that mosquitoes can spread the disease.
risks
kiss
evidence
What opinion do you have about people with HIV/AIDS
Dangerous
Keep the distance
Be friends with them
…
