湖南省长沙市湘府中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月入学考试
英语 参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案 C B B C A C A B C C A B A A C
题号 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C B C A D B C A B D D A C D
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案 B C B D B B G D C E A D C C A
题号 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案 B C B B D A A C B D
A篇
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，本文主要介绍了一个以旅行经历为主题的英语课程计划。
21．D。细节理解题。根据 LESSON OVERVIEW部分的内容“This lesson plan is based on a short video presenting a man who shares experiences from his unusual journey and masters vocabulary in particular travel phrasal verbs．Students will also have a lot of opportunities to speak as they will share their traveling experiences．（本课程计划基于一段视频短片，短片介绍了一个男人，他分享了他不寻常的旅程经历，并掌握了特定的旅行短语动词的词汇。学生也将有很多机会发言，因为他们将分享他们的旅行经历。）”可知，这个课程的重点是旅行经历。故选D项。
22．B。细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Finally，to wrap up the lesson，students discuss the walking journey presented in the video and their own attitude towards such traveling．（最后，作为课程的总结，学生们讨论视频中展示的徒步旅行以及他们自己对这种旅行的态度。）”可知，这个课程以学生讨论并交换想法结束。
故选B项。
23．C。推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“The following is the lesson plan for teaching English based on TED talks and other videos worth watching．（以下是基于值得关注的TED演讲和其他视频的英语教学课程计划。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一个以旅行经历为主题的英语课程计划，目的是向老师展示如何上一节英语课。故选C项。
B篇
【语篇解读】本文讲述John Reid的儿子因车祸去世，他捐献了儿子的器官。有一天，John收到了一件礼物，里面是一只泰迪熊，泰迪熊身体内部有儿子心脏跳动的声音。
24．A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the receiver of his son's heart，Robert O'Connor”可知，Robert O'Connor是心脏的接受者。故选A。
25．B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“my heart was filled with joy”和“I did not expect any of this”可以推断出，当时John的心情是既高兴又惊讶的。故选B。
26．D。 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“I never left Dakota's side．At night I would lay my head on his chest for hours at a time，every night，listening to his heartbeat．Now，I can listen to his heartbeat again！”可知，父子俩的关系非常亲密。故选D。
27．D。推理判断题。通读文章可知，“see you soon”的含义很丰富，包含着父母对儿子的依依不舍，但更多是希望看到他的生命以另一种形式得到延续。故选D。
C篇
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为最容易上瘾的食物。文章主要说明了导致比萨上瘾背后的原因以及比萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高比萨对消费者的吸引力。
28．A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“The combination of pizza's ingredients‘seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive -like eating behaviors，’Schulte explained．（舒尔特解释说，比萨配料的组合‘似乎特别有益，而且不会同时出现在自然界的食物中，这可能会导致它与上瘾的饮食行为有关。’）”可知，舒尔特认为，制作比萨的材料可能是导致比萨上瘾的原因。故选A。
29．C。词义指代题。根据画线词上文“the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than”可知，研究发现，脂肪和碳水化合物的结合似乎比碳水化合物或脂肪中任何一种都更能提高高度加工食品的奖赏潜力。故画线词指的是“碳水化合物或脂肪”。故选C。
30．D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Herbert Stone，a sensory scientist for 50 years，has worked with some of the nation's top pizza companies in order to increase pizza's appeal to consumers．（赫伯特·斯通是一名有50年经验的感官科学家，他与美国一些顶级比萨公司合作，以提高比萨对消费者的吸引力。）”可知，比萨公司要和赫伯特合作是为了让他们的比萨更受欢迎。故选D。
31．B。推理判断题。根据第一段“In a recent study，pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction，according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool．（在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为最容易上瘾的食物。）”结合文章主要说明了导致比萨上瘾背后的原因以及比萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高比萨对消费者的吸引力。可推知，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选B。
D篇
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了晒太阳的益处并分析了为什么涂防晒霜对我们的健康造成了更大的隐患。
32．C。词义猜测题。根据第一段的首句“These are dark days for supplements”及画线词所在句中的“Although”形成的转折可知，养生片剂在科学实验中的研究结果不容乐观。第二段首句中的“survive the tests”也是提示，flop与survive构成反义关系，故可推知，其意为“失败”。
33．B。细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，现在大多数人体内的维生素D含量不足是由三个原因造成的：第一，通过饮食我们无法获得足量的维生素D；第二，皮肤与阳光接触合成维生素D，然而，如今90%的人一天22个小时都待在室内，而且一出门就会涂上防晒霜，防晒霜会抑制维生素D的合成；第三，无法获得足够的阳光照射的我们会吃维生素D制剂，然而这种制剂在临床上的表现不佳。正确选项概括了第二个原因。
34．D。推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，一氧化氮（nitric oxide）可以降低血压，经由人体晒太阳而合成，而离赤道越远的地方及不见阳光的月份里，人们的高血压率会升高。也就是说，人体此时合成一氧化氮的能力较弱。由此可推知，人们住得离赤道越近，体内的一氧化氮含量会越高。
35．B。标题归纳题。文章讲述了晒太阳对人体的益处——人体通过晒太阳合成各种有益成分，而涂防晒霜却人为将人体合成有益成分的可能性屏蔽掉了，B项作标题能较好概括文意。本文的行文较特殊，主题句并未直接出现在文首或文末。答对此题的关键在于通过阅读得出本文的话题关键词是sunscreen，与B项中的sun protection为同义表达。
【语篇解读】领导力在不同的情况下意味着不同的东西。那一个有效的领导者会做些什么呢？
36．B。通读文章可知，下文主要说明一个有效的领导者首先会创造一个鼓舞人心的未来愿景，而后激励和鼓舞人们去实现这个愿景。总结来讲，下文主要是关于一个有效领导者具体会做哪些事情。因此B项表述符合语境。
37．G。 根据空 格处上文“An effective leader starts by creating an inspiring vision of the future．”可 知，一个 有效的领导者首先要创造一个鼓舞人心的未来愿景。那接下来要讲的应该就是，要创造一个这样的愿景，领导者要怎么做。故G项最合适。且下文说到他们考虑他们的行业可能会如何发展，他们的竞争对手可能会如何行动，这些是对未来趋势的一个分析，与G项表述中的current situation形成对比关系，是对上文的递进。
38．D。 根据 下文“But it's leaders' ability to motivate and inspire people that helps them achieve that vision．”中的“But”可知，空格处与其为转折关系。D项表述是对第二段所介绍内容的一个简要总结，即，创造一个鼓舞人心的愿景是领导力的基础，且与下文形成转折。故选D项。
39．C。根据上文中的“For example，when you start a new project，you will probably have lots of enthusiasm for it．”可知，当你开始一个新项目时，你可能会对它有很大的热情。C项表述与上文形成因果关系。
40．E。从下文中的“People admire and believe in these leaders because they are expert in what they do．”可知，人们钦佩和信任这些领导者，是因为他们是自己所做的事情领域内的专家。E项表述中的“expert power”是对下文的总结，而下文是对它的进一步解释说明。
41．A。 根据上文“Two sisters have a debate about which life is better：city or country life．”以及下文的叙述可知，姐妹两个就城市生活好还是乡村生活好展开讨论。姐姐坚持认为城市生活好。
42．D。根据该空上下文可知，since符合语境。姐姐坚持认为城市生活好，因为他们不用在田里努力干活，而且可以享受安逸。
43．C。参见上题解析。
44．C。根据下文“so that he does not have to fear the Devil（恶魔）”可知，他需要一块更大的土地。
45．A。根据下文“with more land”可知，他成功地买到了更多的土地。
46．B。根据下文“with more land，his heart wants even more land”可知，然而，得到的土地越多，他想要的土地也越多。
47．C。根据下文“he travels to the Bashkir land”可知，为了得到更多的土地，他去了Bashkir。
48．B。 根据下文“he can have as much land as much he walks during the 49 ，for a thousand rubles（卢布）”可推断，他们有一笔交易。
49．B。during the daytime在白天。
50．D。根据下文“he must come back to the starting point at the end of the day”可知，唯一的条件是他要在天黑前回到起点。
51．A。根据上文“his heart wants even more land”可知，此处是指他想要得到更多土地的愿望。
52．A。根据下文“reaches the starting point”可知，当他最终回到起点时。
53．C。根据上文的叙述可知，他死了。所以他的仆人说他现在只需要一块足够大的地来埋葬他就够了。
54．B。根据上文“he often becomes greedy”可知，人通常变得越来越贪婪，想得到更多。
55．D。根据上文“How much is more can't be defined”可知，多少算多无法定义，而是取决于他自己决定走多远去获得他想要的东西。
56．impression。考查词形转换。
57．Growing。考查非谓语动词（注意，该处小写首字母不给分）。
58．was regarded。考查时态语态。
59．probably。考查词形转换。
60．to know。考查非谓语动词，固定句型。
61．regional。考查词形转换。
62．attitudes。考查单复数。
63．with。考查介词。
64．which。考查定语从句。
65．because。考查连词。
第四部分 第一节
评分注意事项：
本文写到的课外活动应该是能反映考生积极向上、健康高雅的道德品质和综合素质的体育、艺术、劳动、科技创新等方面的活动，既可以是参与的各项社会活动，发生在家庭的做家务活等，也可以是发生在学校的各种活动。“活动感想”可以写你的感受和收获，也可以是大家的感受和收获，以及活动意义等；期望可以写你对学校和家庭社会的期望（如多元的活动，希望进一步落实减负，多给时间等），也可以写你对自己和同学的期望。
【参考范文】
Among the colorful after-school activities，I like playing basketball with my friends best．
After school，we practise playing basketball on a regular basis，which strengthens our bodies and enriches our campus life．Besides，playing basketball to relax after a whole day's study can refresh our mind，thus relieving stress and enhancing learning efficiency．What's more，basketball highlights joint efforts，which shape us into better individuals with good team spirit．
Still，it would be better if our school provided more kinds of after-school activities like cooking，sewing and planting plants for us to choose from and more students joined for health and mental benefits．
第二节
评分原则：
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于120的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应主要从以下三个方面考虑：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性及准确性；
（3）上下文的连贯性及内容的丰富性。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
【参考范文】
Jatin looked up and he saw the other boys rushing ahead．Refusing to give up at this important point，Jatin jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could．Finally，he was the fourth one to dash across the finish line．Jatin couldn't help sobbing at the thought of letting his sister down．But much to his surprise，the runner who collided with him was disqualified for breaking the rule and Jatin won the third prize．Jatin felt overjoyed and relieved during the award ceremony，holding the shoes close to his chest．
Filled with pleasure，Jatin walked home in no time．He could not wait to see his sister and share the good news．On his arrival，Jatin found Neha was walking about outside nervously and anxiously．“Neha，see what I have got for you．“Jatin said excitedly，taking the prize out of his bag．The instant Neha saw the shoes，her face lit up．So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Jatin．"Thank you！Jatin．” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes as the brother and the sister hugged tightly together．
听力材料
Text 1
M：Who will join us for dinner tonight？
W：Bob and Candy．I also invited Mary，but she is out of town．
M：What a pity！I was hoping she would come．
Text 2
W：It's 8：30，Dave，and you're going to be late for the meeting．
M：Oh，my！I just have half an hour left．I can't believe I slept for 10 hours．
Text 3
W：What is going on？It's May，and we still have to wear warm clothes．
M：Well，there's some good news on the radio．You probably can wear shorts tomorrow．
Text 4
M：Hurry up with your food，Sally！They say there's a big storm coming．We'd better get home before that．
W：Okay．I'm done．Let's get back to the car．Could you carry these shopping bags？
M：Oh，sure．
Text 5
M：Susan，I heard you are going to France．How long will you be staying there？
W：A whole year．My aunt lives there．I'm going to do a one-month course at a language school and spend the rest of time traveling．
Text 6
W：Excuse me，I wonder if you could tell me how to find a place to have my shoes mended．I'm new in town．
M：Ah，there is a good shop not far from here．Go straight ahead，and walk about three blocks．I can't remember the name of the shop，but you'll find it．It's near the police station．By the way，you know about the Town Guide？It's a thin book，and has all kinds of useful information．You will find one in any bookstore．
W：Thanks a lot．You've been so helpful．Let's see，did you say the repair shop was three blocks away from here？
M：Exactly．
W：Thanks again．
Text 7
M：I've been here many times．There are quite a lot of delicious dishes to choose from．What are you thinking of ordering？
W：Well，I haven't decided yet．What are you going to order？
M：I think I will have the roast chicken．They really make it well here．
W：I had a roast chicken yesterday when I ate out with Shelly．
M：Their beef steak is good，too．You can have it served with beans and mushrooms．
W：But I'm not that hungry．Is the fried fish or the sea-food salad good？
M：Never had them before．Maybe if you get the steak，we could share．
W：That sounds like a good idea．
Text 8
W：Welcome to our program，Doctor Peterson．Let's see what questions we've got for you today．Here is one：Can cats see color？
M：Sort of．In the wild，many cats hunt at night because their eyes are designed for low light．Your cat can't see bright colors such as red and green，but it picks up more shades of blue，yellow，and gray than humans do．
W：And why do cats give dead birds to their owners？
M：When your cat drops a dead bird at your feet，she isn't bringing you a present．Most cats just drag food home because it's a safe place to eat．A cat's mom also brings home things to her children to help them practise hunting．So a female cat without children may bring these treats to her owner instead．You may not like them，but at least you don't have to write her a thank-you note．
Text 9
W：Hi！I've only just arrived．
M：Oh，good！Now，here are the keys．Let's go in．There are two apartments．The one for rent is on the right．Do come in．
W：Thank you．I like the carpet．The color is nice，isn't it？
M：Yes，and this apartment is in good condition．Here is your lounge．
W：Where would we eat？
M：There is this corner here，or you can use your kitchen．Come and see．
W：The kitchen is quite small．
M：Yes，but it has everything—cooker，fridge，even a dishwasher．
W：And there are lots of cupboards．
M：Let me show you the bedrooms．This is the smaller one．
W：It's a good size，though．
M：Now come into the other bedroom．You can see the bathroom too．
W：Yes，it is very nice．But I will have to ask my friend first and we will come together．I understand it is eight hundred dollars a month．
M：Yes，but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive．
W：Well，thank you．I will be in touch．
Text 10
M：Thank you very much．Thank you，Doctor Johnson．Well，it is really great to be back at university again．
The thing that I wanted to tell you today is this：Education is important．When I came to the US，I was only thinking about being a carpenter．But I could not read the newspaper，and I could not understand the news on television，or movies，or anything like this．So I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students．I was very proud that I was going to a college．Because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university．You know，when you're fifteen years old in my country，you finish school and then you learn a trade．And that's exactly what I did．When I was fifteen years old，I learned how to be a carpenter．A year later，I came to America．Luckily，I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes，business classes，and history classes．And I became a full-time college student．And today when I look back，I'm so happy because you never know where life will take you．All of a sudden，I started making money because I was really good at math．You know，how to work out everything with math is so important．This is something that I learned when I started my own business，which is doing really well．湖南省长沙市湘府中学2022-2023学年高二上学期8月入学考试
英 语
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
得分：
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？
A． 19.15． B． 9.18． C． 9.15．
答案是C。
1．What will the speakers do tonight？
A．Visit Mary． B．Go out of town． C．Host a dinner．
2．When does Dave's meeting start？
A．At 8：30． B．At 9：00． C．At 10：00．
3．What are the speakers talking about？
A．Clothes． B．Weather． C．News．
4．What are the speakers going to do？
A．Eat out． B．Go shopping． C．Drive home．
5．How will Susan spend most of her time in France？
A．Traveling around． B．Studying at a school． C．Looking after her aunt．
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman looking for？
A．An information office． B．A police station． C．A shoe repair shop．
7．What is the Town Guide according to the man？
A．A brochure． B．A newspaper． C．A map．
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man say about the restaurant？
A．It's the biggest one around．
B．It offers many tasty dishes．
C．It's famous for its seafood．
9．What will the woman probably order？
A．Fried fish． B．Roast chicken． C．Beef steak．
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Which color do cats see better than humans？
A．Red． B．Green． C．Blue．
11．Why do cats bring dead birds home？
A．To eat them in a safe place．
B．To show off their hunting skills．
C．To make their owners happy．
12．How does the man sound at the end of the conversation？
A．Grateful． B．Humorous． C．Curious．
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why does the woman meet the man？
A．To look at an apartment． B．To deliver some furniture． C．To have a meal together．
14．What does the woman like about the carpet？
A．Its color． B．Its design． C．Its quality．
15．What does the man say about the kitchen？
A．It's a good size． B．It's newly painted． C．It's well equipped．
16．What will the woman probably do next？
A．Go downtown． B．Talk with her friend． C．Make payment．
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who is the speaker probably talking to？
A．Movie fans． B．News reporters． C．College students．
18．When did the speaker take English classes？
A．Before he left his hometown．
B．After he came to America．
C．When he was 15 years old．
19．How does the speaker feel about his teacher？
A．He's proud． B．He's admirable． C．He's thankful．
20．What does the speaker mainly talk about？
A．How education shaped his life．
B．How his language skills improved．
C．How he managed his business well．
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The following is the lesson plan for teaching English based on TED talks and other videos worth watching．
LESSON OVERVIEW
This lesson plan is based on a short video presenting a man who shares experiences from his unusual journey and masters vocabulary in particular travel phrasal verbs．Students will also have a lot of opportunities to speak as they will share their traveling experiences．
TRAVEL PHRASAL VERBS
The worksheet starts with tasks built around travel phrasal verbs．First，students get six sentences and they have to finish them by choosing a correct answer which will reflect the meaning of a given phrasal verb．Next，students complete questions with the correct forms of some of the phrasal verbs from the previous exercise．After that they need to discuss these questions．
QUOTE & VOCABULARY
Then，students move to the next part of the lesson plan．They have a quote by Anthony Bourdain who claims that “Travel isn't always pretty．It isn't always comfortable．．．”．They need to discuss it and share their opinion about it．Next，they move to a vocabulary task．After that，students have to match halves to create phrases which come from the video and include words from the previous task．
VIDEO & DISCUSSION
The last part of the lesson plan starts with a short lead-in to the video in the form of a discussion about experiences and challenges we can face on a walking adventure．Then，students watch the video and summarize it by using their own words．Finally，to wrap up the lesson，students discuss the walking journey presented in the video and their own attitude towards such traveling．
21．What theme does this lesson focus on？
A．A special lecture． B．A travel schedule．
C．A lecture guidance． D．A travel experience．
22．How does the teacher end the lesson？
A．By listing questions． B．By exchanging ideas．
C．By making a prediction． D．By giving an examination．
23．What's the author's purpose of writing the text？
A．To tell readers how to study English．
B．To inform readers of the importance of English．
C．To show teachers how to have an English class．
D．To remind teachers of the necessity of a teaching plan．
B
John Reid decided to donate his son Dakota's organs after the 16-year-old died in a car crash last year．This month，he got a thank you gift from the man who received his son's heart：a teddy bear with a very special heartbeat inside．
John's wife Stephanie posted an emotional video showing her husband's reaction a she opened the package from the receiver of his son's heart，Robert O'Connor．“I would have preferred to give this to you in person，but not sure when that would happen，” John said，as he read from the letter O'Connor sent．
John eventually began to break down as he opened the package to reveal a bear dressed in a shirt reading，Best Dad Ever．" He then heard the audio recording inside the bear：his son's heart beating inside the man it saved．
“When I got the bear，my heart was filled with joy．I did not expect any of this，” said John．“I never left Dakota's side．At night I would lay my head on his chest for hours at a time，every night，listening to his heartbeat．Now，I can listen to his heartbeat again！”
Dakota was killed in a car crash in January 2019．He was riding as a passenger in the car when the accident happened．
“When they said，'It's time，'they rolled him out and we followed，” John said．“Both sides of the hallway were lined up with nurses，doctors and staff as we walked between them in Dakota's honor to the operating room to say our final ‘see you soon'．”
At the beginning，the family didn't know where their son's organs would be going，but eventually O'Connor's daughter tracked the Reid family down and contacted them．It wasn't long before O'Connor sent John the bear．John speaks with O'Connor daily about the importance of organ donation and how they hope to spread the word about the good it can do．
24．Who received the young boy's heart？
A．Robert O'Connor． B．Dakota．
C．Stephanie Reid． D．O'Connor's daughter．
25．How did John feel when he received the teddy bear？
A．Angry and shocked． B．Surprised and happy．
C．Amazed and hurt． D．Excited and relieved．
26．What can we infer from the text？
A．The Reids didn't agree on the donation．
B．Dakota was driving without a license．
C．Teenagers will be banned from driving．
D．John had a close relationship with his son．
27．What did the family mean by saying “see you soon” before the operation？
A．They believed the boy would recover soon．
B．They didn't know about the organ donation．
C．They didn't have confidence in the doctors．
D．The boy's life would continue in another form．
C
In a recent study，pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction，according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool．
The psychological response to pizza's ingredient combinations is partially explained by the fact that highly processed foods like potato chips and pizza，with added amounts of fat，carbohydrates and salt，are most associated with behavioral indicators of addiction，such as loss of control over consumption and continued consumption despite negative consequences，according to Erica M．Schulte，a doctor in psychology at the University of Michigan who led the study．The combination of pizza's ingredients “seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive-like eating behaviors，” Schulte explained．
In fact，another recent study found that the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than either alone．“There is likely something more rewarding in the combinations of those ingredients that can result in an addictive process in some individuals，” Schulte said．
Perhaps it's a survival mechanism．“If you were really starving，pizza is a type of food that would be totally enough to stop your hunger．The fat gives you satiety，the sugar is satisfying，and the salt is going to keep you alive，” Civille said．
Herbert Stone，a sensory scientist for 50 years，has worked with some of the nation's top pizza companies in order to increase pizza's appeal to consumers．“That combination，when heated，has enormous appeal，” he said．“It's addictive because there is nothing bad about it．There is nothing not to like．”
28．What might be the cause of pizza addiction according to Schulte？
A．The materials for making pizza． B．The way it is prepared．
C．The pleasant taste and smell． D．The energy it provides．
29．What does “either” refer to in paragraph 3？
A．One of the two studies． B．Pizza or potato chips．
C．Carbohydrates or fat． D．Pizza or other processed foods．
30．Why would pizza companies work with Herbert？
A．To make pizza more nutritious． B．To fight against pizza addiction．
C．To study how to prepare pizza． D．To make their pizza more popular．
31．From which is the text probably taken？
A．A biology textbook． B．A health magazine．
C．A research paper． D．A travel brochure．
D
These are dark days for supplements（养生片剂）．Although they are a $ 30-billion-plus market in the United States alone，some of them，such as vitamin A and fish oil，have now flopped in study after study．
If there was one supplement that seemed sure to survive the tests，it was vitamin D．People with low levels of vitamin D have significantly higher rates of virtually every disease you can think of．
Health experts believe that most of us aren't getting enough of this essential vitamin．Vitamin D is manufactured by the skin with the help of sunlight．It's difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities through diet．And today，90 percent of us spend about 22 hours indoors every day．And when we do go outside，we've been taught to wear sunscreen to protect ourselves from dangerous UV rays．Sunscreen can reduce our natural production of vitamin D，so we've been told to compensate with vitamin D pills．Yet vitamin D supplementation has failed in clinical trials．
The sun benefits us more than that．About ten years ago，Dr．Richard Weller was researching nitric oxide，a molecule（分子）produced in the body that lowers blood pressure．He discovered a previously unknown biological mechanism by which the skin uses sunlight to make nitric oxide．It was already suspected that rates of high blood pressure，heart disease，and stroke all rise the farther you get from the sunny equator（赤道），and they all rise in the darker months．Then he came up with a theory：Could exposing skin to sunlight lower blood pressure？
Sure enough，when he exposed volunteers to the equivalent（等量）of 30 minutes of summer sunlight without sunscreen，their nitric oxide levels went up and their blood pressure went down．Wouldn't all those rays also raise rates of skin cancer？Yes，but skin cancer kills surprisingly fewer than three per 100，000 in the United States each year．For every person who dies of skin cancer，about 80 die from diseases caused by high blood pressure．
32．What does the underlined word “flopped” in paragraph 1 mean？
A．Appeared． B．Expanded． C．Failed． D．Returned．
33．What might be a reason most of us lack vitamin D？
A．We aren't eating a healthy diet．
B．We expose ourselves to little sunlight．
C．We aren't taking enough vitamin D pills．
D．We use up the vitamin D manufactured by the skin．
34．Which of the following can describe nitric oxide？
A．It rises up during dark months．
B．It can bring nothing but harm to us．
C．It results from an abnormal biological reaction．
D．It is high among people living near the equator．
35．What could be the best title for the text？
A．Do we take too many supplements？
B．Do we really need sun protection？
C．Is the sun to blame for many diseases？
D．Can sunscreen protect us from skin cancer？
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it．36．_______
An effective leader starts by creating an inspiring vision of the future．37．_______ They think about how their industry is likely to evolve，and how their competitors are likely to behave．They look at how they can innovate successfully and shape their businesses and their strategies to succeed in future marketplaces．Therefore，leadership is looking ahead and not being satisfied with things as they are．Once they have developed their visions，leaders must make them inspiring and convincing．Effective leaders provide a rich picture of what the future will look like when their visions have been realized．They tell inspiring stories and explain their visions in ways that everyone can relate to．
38．_______ But it's leaders' ability to motivate and inspire people that helps them achieve that vision．For example，when you start a new project，you will probably have lots of enthusiasm for it．39．_______ However，it can be difficult to find ways to keep your vision inspiring after the initial enthusiasm fades．Leaders recognize this，and they work hard throughout the project to connect their vision with people's individual needs，goals and aspirations（抱负）．
40．_______ People admire and believe in these leaders because they are expert in what they do．This makes it much easier for these leaders to motivate and inspire the people they lead．Leaders can also motivate people in other ways，such as paying bonuses．However，good leaders don't rely too much on these types of power to motivate and inspire others．
A．That's a true measure of great leadership． B．An effective leader is a person who does the following． C．Thus，it's often easy to win support for it at the beginning． D．An inspiring vision provides the foundation for leadership． E．What's particularly helpful here is when leaders have expert power． F．Leadership also includes looking for leadership potential in others． G．To create a vision，leaders focus on an organization's strengths by analyzing their current situation．
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Two sisters have a debate about which life is better：city or country life．The elder sister，who lives in a city，__41__ that city life is much better，__42__ they don't have to toil（辛苦工作）in the soil，and can enjoy lots of __43__．The younger sister states that，their life in the countryside is rough，but they don't waste their time on useless things，such as meeting with traffic jams（交通堵塞），and have no other worries．
The younger sister's husband，Pahom，has the same opinion with her．He thinks that everything is good with their country life，except that he __44__ a bigger piece of land，so that he does not have to fear the Devil（恶魔）．Pahom luckily __45__ to buy more land．__46__，with more land，his heart wants even more land．__47__ gain more，he travels to the Bashkir land．The Bashkirs have a __48__ with him that he can have as much land as he walks during the __49__，for a thousand rubles（卢布）．Their only __50__ is that he must come back to the starting point at the end of the day．Pahom's __51__ to achieve more makes him walk so much that he loses his strength．So when he __52__ reaches the starting point，he has no strength to live and dies．The Bashkir chief laughs，and Pahom's servant states that he now needs only that much land that is enough to __53__ him．
Man is never satisfied，and he often becomes greedy in an effort to __54__ more．How much is more can't be defined，and it is up to him to __55__ how far he must go simply to achieve something he wants at the expense of others．
41．A．insists B．hopes C．doubts D．ensures
42．A．while B．whether C．though D．since
43．A．food B．achievement C．comfort D．scenes
44．A．loses B．owns C．needs D．wins
45．A．manages B．prepares C．happens D．fails
46．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
47．A．In return to B．In addition to C．In order to D．In time to
48．A．talk B．deal C．discussion D．date
49．A．evening B．daytime C．afternoon D．weekday
50．A．rule B．wish C．trouble D．condition
51．A．desire B．willingness C．ability D．way
52．A．finally B．quickly C．slowly D．suddenly
53．A．reward B．encourage C．bury D．satisfy
54．A．abandon B．gain C．keep D．learn
55．A．remember B．argue C．regret D．decide
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese people are proud of their food．However，when foreigners like Britons think of Chinese food，their 56．_______（impress）of it is different to what you might think．
57．_______（grow）up in the UK，I was used to eating a typical Chinese food，which 58．_______（regard）as being from Guangdong，like pork in sweet and sour sauce，59．_______（probable）with some rice and spring rolls on the side．
And now，what do foreigners think of Chinese food？As they know more Chinese culture，you'll be glad 60．_______（know）that Britons are more fascinated by Chinese food．In the UK there are more 61．_______（region）Chinese food from Sichuan，Hunan and other areas of China．
However，62．_______（attitude）towards Chinese food have not quite changed completely．Many foreigners who live in China will be familiar 63．_______this question from a relative back at home：“Have they given you dog yet？” Yes，and of course，some Chinese people do eat dogs，64．_______ to foreigners is like “eating a member of one's family”．But that's 65．_______ foreigners still know little about Chinese culture．
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
你校期刊英文栏目“Growth”正在就课外活动主题征稿，请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容包括：
1．你和同学经常参加的课外活动；
2．活动感想；
3．你的期望。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jatin and his younger sister，Neha，lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood．Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job，and they had only a little money with which to buy food．As they had not paid the rent（租金）for several months，the landlord was breathing down their necks（盯着他们）．
One day，Jatin took Neha's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed，but he lost them on the way home．It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes．He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed，so he begged his sister to keep it secret．Neha agreed and the two decided to share Jatin's running shoes．Neha's school hours were in the morning，so she would wear them first．After school，she would rush back and give them to Jatin．He could then run to his school，which began in the afternoon．Although he ran as fast as he could，Jatin often arrived late and was warned by the school．
A long distance race was going to be held for the boys in the city．When Jatin learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes，he decided to take part．He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes．
The day of race arrived．Jatin had a strong start，but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache．Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Neha and his promise to her．Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength，and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners，determined to finish third．Suddenly，as the finish line drew near，another runner collided（碰撞）with Jatin from behind and Jatin crashed to the ground．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Jatin looked up and he saw the other boys rushing ahead． Filled with pleasure，Jatin walked home in no time．
