牛津上海版英语八年级上册 Unit 7 Nobody wins (Ⅱ) 讲义

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名称 牛津上海版英语八年级上册 Unit 7 Nobody wins (Ⅱ) 讲义
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更新时间 2022-08-26 15:51:56

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【知识点梳理】
Unit 7 Nobody wins (Ⅱ)
重点 方位介词的判断和使用; 不定代词的用法; 时间状语从句和条件状语从句等状语从句的运用;
难点 不定代词的使用; 状语从句中连词的选择以及时态的正确运用;
易错点 状语从句的时态判断; lie的两种词意过去式、过去分词的判断; attract、freedom等衍生词的正确运用;
高频考点 attract、freedom、decide、silently等单词及其衍生词; 时间状语从句和条件状语从句; 方位介词; 不定代词something等;
牛津词汇
per prep. 每,每一 damage v. 损害;毁坏;破坏
escape v. 逃走;逃跑 finished adj. 垮台;失败;完蛋
escape from 逃出(从监禁或管制中)逃跑,逃走, make sure 确保;设法保证
kill v. 杀死;导致死亡 whisper v. 耳语;低语;小声说
lie v. 躺;平卧 be done for 处境艰难;注定完蛋;肯定不行
fall asleep 打鼾;打呼噜 freedom n. 自由
*attract v. 吸引 figure n. 人影(远处人的)轮廓;(隐约可见的)
interrupt v. 插嘴;打扰;打岔 silently adv. 悄悄地;静静地
moment n. 偏科;瞬间 search v. 搜查;查找
aim v. 瞄准;对准 crash v. & n. 猛撞;碰撞
aim at 瞄准;对准 base n. 基地;总部
hit v. 击中;命中 petrol n. 汽油
attack v. 袭击;攻击 decide v. 决定
第一部分:词汇精讲
1. attract v.吸引
Last night's concert was able to attract a big crowd.
昨晚的音乐会吸引了很多人。
【拓展】attractive adj.吸引人的;引人人胜的 attraction n.吸引力,吸引人的事物
【提示】提醒学生这是词性转换的高频考点。
2. escape v.逃脱;避开,溜走
The thief tried to escape from jail, but the police caught him.
那小偷试图要逃离监狱,但是警察逮住了他。
【拓展】eacape from 从……逃走
3. aim v.对……瞄准
Mary aimed her camera at the bird and snapped the picture.
玛莉用相机对准了那只鸟,拍下了那个镜头。
【拓展】aim n.目标 aim at 瞄准
【提示】题型学生aim和介词at搭配
4. damage v.损害;伤害
The earthquake damaged several buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
【拓展】damage n.损坏,伤害
5. free adj.自由的
Are you free tonight
你今晚有空吗?
【拓展】freedom n.自由
【提示】题型学生freedom是词性转换高频考点
6. finally adv.最后;终于,
Our flight finally took off five hours later.
我们的航班终于在五个小时后起飞了。
【拓展】final adj.最后的
【提示】finally=at last=in the end
7. maybe adv.大概,或许
It’s clouding up. Maybe it'll rain this afternoon.
天阴了,今天下午也许有雨。
【比较】maybe, may be maybe是副词,表示“大概,可能”的意思,在句中作状语,通常放在句首。 Maybe you put the letter in your pocket. 大概你把信放在衣服口袋里了吧! may be是情态动词“may+系动词be”,may be是短语动词,是“可能是”的意思,在句中作谓语,通常放在句中。 You may be right. 你可能是对的。
8. make sure 确信,确定
Find some evidence and make sure that you are right.
找出一些证据来证明你是对的。
【拓展】
make sure of/about sth.
We must make sure of the time and place.
我们必须弄清时间和地点。
make sure+(that)从句
Make sure that she turned off the gas.
确保她已经关掉煤气了。
make sure to do sth.
Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
在你出去之前一定要关掉收音机。
9. go out
(1)熄灭
The fire has gone out.
火己熄灭。
(2)出门参加社交活动
He goes out drinking most evenings.
晚上他差不多都到外边喝酒。
(3)停止工作,罢工
Are we likely to gain anything by going out (on strike)
我们罢工能得到什么好处吗?
【拓展】go构成的常用词组:
go away离开 go ahead开始,进行
go by经过,过去 go over检查,复习
10. lie v.躺,平卧
He lay on the bed and fell asleep.
他在床上躺下就睡着了。
【拓展】“躺、平卧”lie-lay-lain “说谎”lie-lied-lied
【对比】“下蛋、放置”lay-laid-laid
第二部分:重点句型
1. We’re too weak to open the door.我们太弱小了,是打不开这扇门的。
too…to… 太……而不能……
当“某人”作主语时,理解为“太……而不能……”;当“某物”作主语时,则变为too…(for sb.)to…“(某物)对某人来说太……而不能……”。
I am too tired to walk on.
我累得走不动了。
John got up too late to catch up with the bus.
约翰起床太晚了,没有赶上车。
【拓展】
too…to…结构的句子可以与下列句式进行转换:
so…that+否定句。如:
He is so young that he can’t go to school now. 他年级太小,现在还不能上学。
=He is too young to go to school now.
not…enough to…这个句型中,要注意将原句中的形容词改为其反义词。如:
He is not tall enough to reach the top of the shelf. 他不够高,够不这架子顶部。
=He is too short to reach the top of the shelf.
【提示】
too…to… 本身即否定意义,表示“不能干某事”,后面的动词不定式不能再加否定词。
当“某物”作主语时,一定要加for sb.,因为后面的to do是人的动作,同时,动词不定式to do后面切勿再加宾语。
2. If we kill Gork, how will we escape 如果我们杀了高克,我们将如何逃脱呢?
if引导的条件状语从句的用法:主句用一般将来时,if引导的从句用一般现在时。
【提示】老师带领学生再一次复习if引导的条件状语从句;并区分if引导的宾语从句。
第三部分:语法点拨
1. 方位介词
(1) in 在……里面
Leave the key in the lock.
钥匙就留在锁孔里吧。
(2) on 在……上面(有接触面)
-Where is the phone 电话在哪呀?
-It’s on the desk. 它在桌子上。
(3) beside&besides 两者形似而义不同
beside=at the side of 在……旁边
Sit beside your mother.
请坐在你母亲旁边。
besides是“另外,除外”的意思,指in addition to。
There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.
除约翰外,还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。
(4) in front of &behind 两者可以被认为是反义的。
The bus stops right in front of our house.
公共汽车正停在我们房前。
Who’s the girl standing behind Tom
站在汤姆后面的那个女孩是谁?
(5) between&among 都含有“在……中间”的意思。
较正式、标准的用法是:among用于“三者或三者以上之间”。
He often went among the masses.
他经常深入群众。
between则用于“两者之间”。
He is sitting between us.
他坐在我们两人中间。
【提示】高频考点between you and me
(6) opposite&against 前者强调“面对面”,后者则有“相对而依靠,衬托”等意思。
The library is on the opposite side of the road from the school.
图书馆在校马路对面。
The desk is against the wall.
书桌靠着墙。
2. 不定代词
(1) some用于肯定句中,而any用于否定和疑问句中。
-Do you have any wine 你们有酒吗?
-No, we don't have any wine. But we have some fruit juice.没有,我们一点酒都没有。但是我们有点水果汁。
(2) some可以用于疑问句表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答。
I am thirsty. Can I have some water
我渴了,可以喝点水吗?
3. 复合不定代词
some-, any-与-one, -thing, -body复合成的不定代词,用法与some, any一样。
something (某事,某物) somebody(某人) someone(某人)
anything(任何东西) anybody(任何人) anyone(任何人)
no, every-与-body, -thing, -one也可构成复合不定代词。
nothing (什么也没有) nobody(没有人) no one(没有人)
everything(每件事或物) everybody(每个人) everyone(每个人)
【提示】高频考点something+adj。
4. 感叹句
英语中的感叹句通常由what或how来引导,它的结构有:
(1) What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a red apple (it is)!
多红的一个苹果啊!
(2) What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What kind women (they are)!
多么善良的妇女们啊!
(3) What +a/an/the+名词!
What a fool! 真是个傻瓜! What a pity! 真是遗憾!
(4) What+名词!
What luck! 多幸运啊! What fun! 多么好玩啊!
(5) How+形容词!
How lovely! 多可爱啊! How nice! 多好啊!
(6) How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
How hard the workers are working!
工人们工作得多努力啊!
【经典例题】
【词汇篇】
例1.(★★)After we walked__________the forest, __________a river, we stopped to take a rest. A. through; cross B. through; across C. across; through D. through; over
【考点】through和across的区别
【解析】through是从物体内部穿过,across是从物体表面穿过,over是跨越物体,cross是动词。
【答案】B
例2.(★★★)The boy__________on his back on the grass, his hands__________behind his head. A. laid ; lying B. laid; laid C. lay ; lying D. lay; laid
【考点】躺lie和放置lay的区别
【解析】第一个空格为“躺”,lie-lay-lain;第二个空格为“放置”,lay-laid-laid。
【答案】D
例3.(★★)The film is so__________that everyone wants to see it again. (attract)
【考点】attract的衍生词
【解析】attractive adj.有吸引力的,attraction n.吸引人的事或物。
【答案】attractive
例例4.(★★★)The turning point of my life is the__________to give up my business for a career in financing. (decide)
【考点】decide的衍生词
【解析】“我生活的转折点是为了金融职业而放弃我的生意的那个决定。”定冠词the后通常是接名词。
【答案】dicision
例5.(★★★)This T-shirt is too small for me to wear. (保持原意) This T-shirt is_____________ _____________ _____________ for me to wear.
【考点】so…that/too…to/not…enough to句型同意转换
【解析】“这件T恤太小了以至于我穿不下。”
【答案】not big enough
【句型语法篇】
例6.(★)Lisa is sitting__________Tracy, so Tracy is sitting in front of her. A. behind B. next to C. beside D. after
【考点】方位介词
【解析】in front of 在……前面,behind在……后面
【答案】A
例7.(★★★)—Is there__________ink left —No, __________is in the bottle. A. any; none of B. any; nothing C. some; none D. some; nothing
【考点】不定代词
【解析】疑问句中应该用any,ink为不可数名词,所以不能用none来修饰。
【答案】B
例8.(★★)I believed that the thief was hiding_____________the crowds. A. between B. of C. among D. in front of
【考点】方位介词
【解析】“小偷躲在人群中”,人群应该是大于等于三者以上,所以应该用among。
【答案】C
例9.(★★)Jane couldn't come earlier because there was_____________with her car. A. something wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing
【考点】不定代词something+adj.
【解析】形容词修饰不定代词something 应该后置,根据句意,应该是车子出了问题。
【答案】A
【能力篇】
例10.(★★★)首字母填空 Nobody Wins Gork was very angry about the aliens. He shouted, "Gorkella, I know you were there! Why didn't you help me " Gorkella s 1 back to Gork, "I didn't know what was going on there! By the way, are you OK, Gork " "This awful Nobody! He hurt my eye! I can see nothing. Can you bring my first-aid box(急救箱) It's u 2 my bed." A few minutes later, Gorkella went back with a case in her hand. "Thanks, my dear sister." said Gork. He opened the c 3 ,took out some medical tools and did something on himself. He put his eye back! The eye started shining a 4 . He returned to the cave and then he went to the parking center and drove a spaceship out. Gork f 5 farther and farther away from the Single-Eye Planet at the highest speed. Soon, he found that Captain's spaceship was not far away. He said, `This time you are all finished! I won't be so gentle as last time.' In Captain King's spaceship, everyone was talking h 6 ."It is an exciting trip, isn't it " Lam said with laughter. "Yes, a wonderful trip!" 【答案】1. Shouted 2.under 3.case 4.around 5.flew 6.happily
【课堂小结】
【教学建议】
本单元中的词性转换比较重要,需要学生加强语法分析能力。课文中状语从句出现比较频繁,老师需要带领学生复习一下之前学过的时间状语(when, while, before, after)和条件状语从句等。
一、词汇:
1.主要词组:
escape from(从…逃脱) fall asleep(入睡) aim at(瞄准) make sure(确定) be done for(注定完蛋) wake up(醒来) be finished(完蛋、结束) one by one(一个接一个) get free(自由)
2.词语变换:
kill→killer attract→attractive→attraction finished→finish
freedom→free silently→silent→silence decide→decision
二、句型:
We are too weak to open the door. (我们的力气太小,打不开那扇门。)
I aimed the torch at his eyes. (我将手电筒对准他的眼睛。)
As they hopped through the door, he felt their backs with his hands to make sure we were not riding on them. (当它们跳出门去的时候,他就会用手抚摸它们的背以确信我们没有骑在它们身上。)
We are done for. (我们死定了。)
Just then, a huge figure was moving silently towards the captain’s house… (就在那时,一个巨大的影子正悄无声息地逼近船长的屋子……)