【知识点梳理】
Unit 4 Numbers
重点 掌握加减乘除运算的两种表达方式。 基数词/序数词的运用。 分数的表达。 数字的表达规则。 数词hundred,thousand,million和billion的表达规则。 make it easier to do…中代词it的运用。
难点 加减乘除的两种表达方式。 数字的表达规则。 make it easier to do…中代词it的运用。
易错点 序数词的书写。 数词hundred,thousand,million和billion的表达规则。
高频考点 序数词的书写。 数词hundred,thousand,million和billion的表达规则。 本单元的重点单词词性转换,如:invent,develop,living,following,amazing等。
牛津词汇
divide v. 除以 powerful adj. 很有效的;强有力的
degree n. 度;度数 in a flash 转瞬间;立即
especially adv. 十分;非常 calculation n. 计算
calculate v. 计算 whole adj. 全部的;整体的
brain n. 脑 lifetime n. 一生;终生
part n. 部位;组成部分 against prep. 与……相比
language n. 语言 living adj. 活着的;活的
nearly adv. 几乎;差不多;将近 human adj. 人的
system n. 系统 following adj. 下述的;下列的
invent v. 发明;创造 amazing adj. 令人惊奇的;令人惊喜的
develop v. 发展;壮大 solve v. 解答;解决
invention n. 发明物;发明 power n. 能;能量
accurate adj. 正确无误的 complete v. 使完整
electronic adj. 电子的;电子器件的 check v. 检查;核查
calculator n. 计算器
第一部分:词汇精讲
1. ancient adj.很久以前的;古老的,古代的
The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese.
中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。
【反义词】modern adj现代的;现代化的
2. times n.时代;时期
In Shakespeare's times, not many people could read.
在莎士比亚时代,没有多少人认识字。
【拓展】age n.时代
【提示】time “时间” 不可数名词
time “次数” 可数名词
3. as 像……一样,正如
She works in the same building as my sister.
她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。
【提示】请带领学生复习比较级中as……as/not so…….as的用法
4. nearly adv.几乎,差不多
I'm nearly 16 –it’s my birthday next week.
我就快16岁了,下个礼拜是我生日。
5. invent v.发明,创造
Who invented the plane
谁发明了飞机?
【扩展】inventor n.发明者;发明家 invention n.发明,发明物
【提示】提醒学生此单词非常容易与invite相混淆,要注意区分。
6. calculate v.计算
Can you calculate how much a holiday will cost
你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱?
【拓展】calculator n.电子计算器 calculation n.计算
7. electronic adj.电子的
Don't use an electronic dictionary in your English study.
在你的英语学习中不要使用电子词典。
【拓展】electricity n.电 electric adj.用电的 electrical adj.与电有关的
8. add v.加
If you add 4 to 5, you get 9.
四加五得九。
【拓展】addition n. 添加物 in addition 此外,而且
【提示】在进行加法的描述时,我们常常说4 plus 3 equals/is 7,但千万不可用add去代替plus, add是个动词,而plus是个介词。
9. subtract v.减
If you subtract 3 from 8, you get 5.
八减去三就得五。
【提示】我们同样也不能用subtract去代替minus。上面这句话我们换种方式就是8 minus3 equals/is 5.
10. multiply v.乘
If you multiply 6 by 5, you get 30.
你用5去乘6,得到30。
11. divide v.除;除尽
If you divide 30 by 6, you get 5.
如果你把30除以6,就得到5。
12. powerful adj.强大的;强有力的; 有力量的
The car has a very powerful engine.
这辆车有强劲的引擎。
【拓展】power n.力量
13. living adj.活着的
Some people say he is the greatest living writer.
有人说他是健在的最伟大作家。
14. amazing adj.令人惊奇的
It's amazing that you can't ride a bike.
你不会骑车可真令人惊讶。
【拓展】 amaze v.使吃惊 amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的
【提示】带领学生总结-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的用法。(interested/interesting, exciting/excited, boring/bored等)
第二部分:重点句型
1. ...because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.……因为它使得大数字的书写和计算更加容易。
【提示】
(1)“因为……所以”的英汉不同习惯: because和so 与although和but用法相同,都不可连在一起使用,只能用其中一个,这一点和汉语不同,使用时一定要注意两种语言的不同习惯。
因为他病了,所以他没来上学。
[误]Because he was ill, so he didn't come to school.
[正]Because he was ill, he didn't come to school.
[正]He was ill, so he didn't come to school.
(2) make it+adj. + to do sth.使得做某事变得……
The electronic dictionary makes it quicker to look up a new word.
电子词典使我们查阅生词更迅速。
2. Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today.算盘(计算起来)是如此的快速和精确,因此人们至今还在使用它们。
【拓展】
so…that…“如此……以至于”,引导结果状语从句,so后接形容词或副词,that后面接从句。
The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
这个箱子如此的重以至于我抬不动它。
He runs so fast that his classmates can't catch up with him.
他跑得如此快以至于他的同学都赶不上他。
【提示】
当that后面的从句为否定句时,可以用too…to改写为简单句,当that后面的从句为肯定句时,可以用enough to改写为简单句。
He is so young that he can't go to school.
=He is too young to go to school.他太小了,还不能去上学。
He is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree.
=He is tall enough to reach the apples on the tree.他很高能够得到树上的苹果。
so后面有单数名词时可用such ...that…进行改写。
He is so tall a man that he can almost reach the ceiling.
=He is such a tall man that he can almost reach the ceiling.他个子这么高,几乎够得着天花板。
【提高拓展】 so that的用法
(1) so that以便; 目的是。引导目的状语从句
Our teacher spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.
我们的老师大声讲课以便每个人都能听到。
so that 常与may,can等词连用,从句前无逗号。
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.
我租了一条船,为的是可以去钓鱼。
(2) so that还可引导结果状语从句,从句前可用逗号与主句隔开,意为“因为”。
The bus broke down, so that we had to walk.
公共汽车抛锚了,因此我们必须步行。
3. If it is not powerful enough, you will find the answer on page 67.如果它(你的大脑)不够强大的话,请看第67页上的答案。
主句为一般将来时,以if引导的条件状语从句,则用一般现在时。
If I am free tomorrow, I will see my uncle.
如果明天我有空,我要去看我叔叔。
If it doesn’t rain, we will go swimming.
如果不下雨,我们将去游泳。
【提示】对于基础较好的学生,老师可以讲解if在宾语从句和状语从句中的区别。
第三部分:语法点拨
1. 祈使句
(1)祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形,主语通常是不表示出来的。
Be sure to get here before ten.
一定要在10点钟之前到这里。
Speak a little slower,please.
请讲慢一点。
(2)祈使句的否定形式多以don't引起;也可用never引起。
Don’t worry about it.
别为此担心。
Never do that again!
再不要这样做了!
(3)有时为了指明是向谁提出的请求或命令,主语也可以表达出来,也可以加称呼语。
You clean the windows, and you boys wash the floor.
你们擦窗子,你们男孩子擦地板。
Be quiet,students!
同学们,请安静!
(4)有时主语表示出来只是为了加强语气,或是表达“不高兴”“厌烦”“鄙视”等情绪。
You do it right away.
你给我马上就做。
You get out of here!
你给我滚出去!
(5)祈使句的谓语有时也可用进行时。
Don't be standing in the snow.
别站在雪地里。
(6)以let's引起的句子也是一种祈使句,表示建议。
Let's put the matter to the vote.
咱们把这个问题提交表决吧。
(7)let’s引起的否定句是在let’s后加not构成。
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it.咱们别浪费时间争论这件事了。
【提示】老师在上课的时候需要为学生讲解Let’s….和Let us…两种句型的反意疑问句。
2. 数词
(1)数词有两种:基数词(Cardinal Numerals)和序数词(Ordinal Numerals)。
基数词:13 ~19的基数词在个位数上加后缀-teen(注意有些词形发生变化):thirteen, fifteen, eighteen
20~90各整十位数的基数词都以-ty结尾:twenty, thirty, fifty
三位数的基数词要在百位和十位之间加and: one hundred and fifty-six 156
(2)序数词:除了first, second, third外,其余都是在基数词(有时需要加以变化)后加-th构成:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth,其他序数词由以上基本序数词合成:twenty-first, ninety- ninth, hundredth
(3)四则运算的两种表达方式
1)祈使句发布指令:3加7 Add 3 and 7.
9减40 Subtract 4 from 9.
2乘以80 Multiply 2 by 8.
12除以60 Divide 12 by 6.
2)陈述句描述等式:3加7等于10 3 plus 7 equals/is 10.
9减4等于5 9 minus 4 equals/is 5.
2乘以8等于16 2 multiplied by 8 equals/is 16.
12除以6等于2 12 divided by 6 equals/is 2.
【经典例题】
【词汇篇】
例1.(★)We can solve the technology problem___________ different ways. A. on B. in C. with D. of
【考点】固定搭配in different ways
【解析】“用不同的方式”in different ways
【答案】B
例2.(★★)Who first___________ (discovered, invented) America
【考点】discover与invent的区别
【解析】discover是发现已经存在的,invent是发明出不存在的
【答案】discovered
例3.(★★)The steam engine is an important___________ in the history. (invent)
【考点】invent的一系列衍生词用法
【解析】important是形容词,所以修饰名词;蒸汽机是一项发明物,所以是invention。
【答案】invention
例4.(★★)Two-thirds is a(n) __________. A. odd number B. fraction C. percentage D. decimal number
【考点】不同数词的英文名称
【解析】odd number 奇数,fraction 分数,percentage 百分数,decimal number 小数
【答案】B
例5.(★★★)China is still a ___________ (develop) country. We Chinese people must work harder to make our motherland richer and stronger.
【考点】develop的衍生词的用法
【解析】developing发展中的;developed 发达的。根据上下文意思,判断中国应该是发展中国家。
【答案】developing
例6.(★★)Our brain is a ___________ (live) computer, and it is the most important part of our body.
【考点】living和alive的区别
【解析】living可以作定语,修饰名词;alive只能作表语。
【答案】living
【句型语法篇】
例7.(★★)Unluckily, ___________of the students in our class had a cold last week. A. one-three B. one-thirds C. first-three D. one-third
【考点】分数的表达
【解析】分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于一,分母加s;分子分母之间加连字符。
【答案】D
例8.(★★)Shanghai is a big city and over___________people are living here. A. sixteen millions B. sixteen million C. sixteen millions of D. sixteen million of
【考点】数词百、千、百万、十亿的表达
【解析】根据数词的表达规则,前面有over“超过”,所以后面应该接具体的几百万。具体数字后,million不能加s。
【答案】B
例9.(★)Sue, ___________ late for school again. A. doesn't be B. isn't C. don't be D. being
【考点】祈使句的表达
【解析】Sue后面有逗号,可以判定本句为祈使句;祈使句否定句为don’t+do。
【答案】C
例10.(★)It is his ___________ (twenty) birthday today.
【考点】序数词的应用
【解析】根据句意,可以判断应该填twenty的序数词the twentieth,由于前有代词his,所以the省略。
【答案】twentieth
【能力篇】
例11.(★★★)Do you have bright ideas Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life easier for somebody P 1 we all do sometimes, but we don't often make the idea a real thing. Recently, there was a competition in a country, which encouraged young people to make their bright ideas come true. There were t 2 groups in the contest: Group A was for school children under 16; Group B was for those o 3 16. And there were eleven prize-winners altogether. Neil Hunt, one of the prize-winners, was c 4 “Sunshine Superman” by one newspaper writing about his design. When people study the weather, it's important to be able to record the sunshine accurately. We need to know how many h 5 of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine recorders o 6 record direct (直接的)sunshine. Neil's is more accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using solar power. Neil plans to keep inventing. The ideas in the competition were so g 7 that we are surprised that the industry(工业界)doesn't ask more school children for suggestions. 【答案】1、Perhaps/ Probably 2、two 3、over 4、called 5、hours 6、only 7、great/good
【课堂小结】
【教学建议】
加减乘除的表达在初中考试中并不多见,可以作为基本的表达让学生认识理解即可;但序数词、分数以及数字的表达在考试中非常常见,属于很重要的考点,需要老师为学生重点讲解和掌握。
一、词汇:
1.主要词组:
at least(至少) in ancient times(在古代) in many different ways(用许多不同的方法) in tens(十进制) in a flash(瞬间) in your whole lifetime(你终生)
2.词语变换:
calculate→(名词)calculator→(名词)calculation part→(副词)partly invent→(名词)inventor→(名词)invention develop→(形容词)developing→(形容词)developed→(名词)development accurate→(副词)accurately powerful→(名词)power following→(动词)follow amazing→(形容词)amazed solve→(名词)solution complete→(形容词)complete→(副词)completely
句型:
However, they nearly all counted in the same way----in tens. (然而,他们几乎都用相同的方法来计数——十进制。)
With these ten numbers, we can write any number from the biggest to the smallest. (有了这十个数字以后,我们可以写出从最大到最小的任何一个数字。)
This was a very important invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate. (这是一个非常伟大的发明,因为它使得人们书写大的数字和计算更为容易。)
Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today. (算盘计算快且精准,以至于人们至今仍然在使用它们。)
Shakuntala and a very powerful computer were given this problem to solve. (夏琨塔拉和一台非常强大的电脑同时被要求解出下面这道题。)