Unit 1 Lough out loud
Section B Using Language
教学设计
科目:英语 课题:Section B Using Language 课时:1课时
教学目标与核心素养:
知识目标:学生理解并掌握现非限制性定语从句
能力目标:学生能够熟练运用非限制性定语从句
情感目标:培养学生学习语法的兴趣
教学重难点
教学重点:能够熟练运用非限制性定语从句,并且区分非限制性定语从句与定语从句
教学难点:培养学生学习语法的兴趣
课前准备:多媒体,黑板,粉笔
教学过程:
一、Pre-class
1. Greeting
2. Leading-in
教师活动:教师结合课文内容,引导学生发现、总结非限制性定语从句的使用规则。教师仅作为辅助者、监督者,为学生提供支持性信息。第一步:请学生分别朗读例句,关注粗体部分,然后回答问题1和问题2。第二步:请学生带着问题3再次朗读例句,对比例句。教师引导学生发现例句相同的功能和不同特点。第三步:引导学生总结非限制性定语从句作定语的用法,注意帮助学生区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的相同点与不同点。全班核对答案。第四步:请学生在课文或其他资源中找出更多非限制性定语从
句作定语的句子,并总结它们的用法。
活动1参考答案:1 In sentence (a)"where" refers to "the waiting area"; in sentence (b) "which" refers to "...laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better"; in sentence (c) "when" refers to "the time".
2 Sentence (c) contains a clause with essential information, sentences (a) and (b) contain clauses with extra information. If we take away the clause of sentence (c), the meaning of it is incomplete. If we take away the clauses of sentences (a) and (b), the two sentences still make sense.
3 Sentences (a) and (b) with extra information are separated by commas.
While-class
非限制性定语从句
1 非限制性定语从句的主要应用场合
先行词指代明确时,如专有名词和独一无二的事物。
Karl Marx, who was born in Germany, was a great philosopher.
卡尔·马克思出生于德国,是一位伟大的哲学家。
当出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/half+of+which/whom等结构时。
There are many badges on the table, most of which are new.
桌子上有很多徽章,大部分都是新的。
先行词指的是某人只有一个的亲属(son, daughter, father, mother, wife等)时。
比较:·I have an elder brother, who works in Beijing.我有一个哥哥,他在北京工作。(只有一个哥哥)·I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. 我有一个在北京工作的哥哥。(可能有几个哥哥,其中一个在北京工作)
(4)关系词指代整个主句的内容时。·In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点儿紧张,这是可以理解的。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词
(1)which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
·I bought a novel yesterday, which was written by Han Han. 我昨天买了一本小说,是韩寒写的。
(2)who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
My father, who has curly hair, is an excellent cook.我的父亲有一头卷发,他是个很棒的厨师。
(3)whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。This is Peter, whom you haven't met before.这是彼得,你以前没见过他。
(4)whose既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
·The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.这个男孩学习很努力,他的爸爸是一位工程师。
·The play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.这个剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。
(5)as既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
·He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.他忘了带笔,这是常有的事。(as在从句中作主语)
·As we all know, water is essential for life.我们都知道,水是生命所必需的。(as在从句中作宾语)
3 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词
(1)where在定语从句中作地点状语。
·They went to London, where they stayed for six months.
他们去了伦敦,在那儿待了六个月。
(2)when在定语从句中作时间状语。
·He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到5月1日,那时他将有空。
4 as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词是整个主句。从句可位于主句前或主句后,也可
位于主句中间。as引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度或评论,as仍具有“正如,像”等意思。
As is mentioned above, the number of students in high schools is increasing. 正如上面所提到的,高中学生的数量在增加。
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
He is absorbed in his work, as he often was.他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样。
which引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词既可以是一个词,也可以是整个主句或主句
的部分内容。which引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。which引导的定语从句对主句叙述的内容进行补充说明,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。
·She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语,而且讲得确实很好。
He tore up my photo, which upset me.他把我的照片撕了,这使我很恼火。
5 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
形式不同:前者紧跟在先行词后,不用逗号隔开;后者用逗号和主句隔开。
·A man who doesn't want to learn much from others can't achieve much. 一个不想向别人多学习的人是不会有多大成就的。
The note was left by Jim, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是吉姆留的,他刚才还在这里。
(2)功能不同:前者起限定作用,不可省略,否则主句意思不完整;后者起补充说明作用,省略后主句意思仍然完整。
·A doctor is a person who cures patients. 医生就是治疗病人的人。
·The big tree was cut down yesterday, which is about three hundred years old. 昨天那棵大树被砍倒了,它大约有三百年的历史了。
(3)关系词不同:前者所有关系词都可引导,在从句中作宾语时可省略;后者that, why不能引导,且均不可省略。He is the clown doctor (whom/who/that) you are looking for.他就是你正在找的那个小丑医生。She had seven children, three of whom lived nearby.她有七个孩子,其中三个就住在附近。
(4)先行词不同:前者的先行词往往是某一个词;后者的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是主句的一部分,甚至是整个主句。The hotel which we stayed at was not clean.我们住的那家旅馆不干净。The boy with curly hair lost her badge, which annoyed her much.那个卷发男孩把她的徽章弄丢了,这使她很恼火。
(5)翻译方式不同:前者一般译为定语,而后者一般译为并列分句。The watch that he gave me for my birthday is very nice.我过生日时他送给我的手表很漂亮。Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位老朋友。
学生活动:学生完成活动2。学生通过改写句子,掌握非限制性定语从句的用法,并正确运用,同时通过对语境的学习,发现幸福的奥秘。第一步:学生阅读语段中每条建议的两个简单句,理解并判断出哪句应该是主句,哪句为从句。第二步:学生用正确的关系词把两个简单句变成一个含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句。第三步:请个别学生朗读改写后的句子,全班核对答案。第四步:引导学生总结非限制性定语从句的用法。第五步(适合程度较好的班级或学生):给出一些主句,请学生根据主句的语境,想出与主句匹配的非限制性定语从句,从句需要表达出在逆境中保持好心态的意思。第六步(适合程度较好的班级或学生):全班朗读组合完整的句子。
活动2的答案:1 Go for a walk in the countryside, where you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere. 2 Spend time with your family and friends, which will activate chemicals in your brain to make you feel happier.3 Try to accept your mistakes, where/through which you can learn a lot. 4 Close your eyes and picture the future, where you've made your dreams come true.
学生活动:学生完成活动3。
教师请学生在具体语境中掌握非限制性定语从句的用法,特别是关系词的选择,同时引导学生了解英国人的冷幽默,体会英式幽默的笑点。第一步:学生独立阅读活动语段,理解语段大意。第二步:学生利用提示,完成语段填空。第三步:请个别学生朗读完整的语段,全班核对答案。
参考答案:1,who is lying next to him 2,which he finds annoying 3 , which he thinks will impress Holmes 4,who has lost his patience by now,
三、After-class
学生活动:学生完成活动4。此活动是迁移创新类活动,教师引导学生运用所学语法讲述幽默故事,在真实语境中运用已学语法知识,实现知识和思维能力的拓展和迁移。第一步:学生分组,分享个人在生活中发生、发现的有趣的故事,分享时尽量使用非限制性定语从句。第二步:请个别学生分享自己的故事,教师进行点评,引导学生形成乐观向上的人生观和豁达、包容的性格品质。
Summary
老师根据课堂内容,总结课上所学语法。