高考英语知识点专项之语法—02名词性从句（课件+讲义+练习）

课件65张PPT。 名词性从句
noun clause 主语从句
subject clause 宾语从句
object clause 表语从句
predicative clause 同位语从句
appositive clause一、名词性从句之---主语从句1.主语从句：相当于主语的句子
Who will go makes no difference.
What he said is not true .
Whether he comes or not is uncertain.
Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.
That the wooded soldier is still alive is a wonder.2.引导主语从句的词：
连词：that, whether
连接代词：what(ever),who(ever), which(ever)，whose,

连接副词：when, where, how ,why充当主语/宾语/定语等起连接作用不充当成分充当状语表时间、地点、方式、原因When your uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.
Where the painter is from is unknown to us all.
How we’ll solve the problem should be discussed again
Why you went there alone must be explained to us.
连接副词：when, where, how ,why引导的主语从句3. it 做形式主语
That we should master English well is important.
It is important that we should master English well.
Who will be sent to the front hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided yet who will be sent to the front.
常见的固定句型：
It 的用法: (形式主语)
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that
……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’s said/ reported… that...据说/据报道…
It’s been announced/declared that...已经通知/
宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that… 看似/显然/
碰巧..
It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/无疑…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge
(众所周知)/ a common saying that… (俗话说) It +be+adj (important/ essential/
natural/ necessary)+ that sb. should do sth.
It +be+adj (amazing/ clear/certain…) +that从句
It is certain that we will do a good job.
It is very clear that we should leave.
B. It +be + n ( a pity/ a fact/ a good idea/ an honor/ a mystery/ a pleasure/ a shame/ a wonder/ a challenge…) + that从句
It is still a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
It is still a question whether we can go there.
It’s no wonder that he win the game.C. it + be + p.p ( known/ said/reported/ believed/ suggested/ stressed …) + that/ wh-从句
It is known to all that heart attack is terrible.
It is reported that he has won the bet.
以上三种句型表建议，要求，责任，义务，或愿望从句谓语常用should + do, should 可以省略。
It is suggested that you (should) take it.
It is necessary that you should stop.D. It +happened( occur to / seem/ matter/ appear…)+ that / wh-clause
It happened that I was late for school.
It matters whether he will accept our invitation.
1、宾语从句
宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether
连接代词who，whose，what，which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
连接副词when，where，how(以及how构成的词组)， why等。二、宾语从句 The Object Clause1.I hear (that)___________.(一小时后会回来)
2.He said (that)___________.(他非常想我们)
3.The teacher told us (that)_____________. (地球围绕太阳转）宾语从句中的连接词that
在以下三种情况下不能省略：
当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,
第二个从句起that引导词不能省；
当that作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。
用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。
1.Everyone knew what happened and that she
was worried.
2.The reason lies in that she works harder
than the others do.
3.I think it necessary that you should read English
aloud.2.由从属连词if / whether 引导的宾从 I want to know _____________________
（他是否和我们一起去公园）
Ask him _______________ （他是否能来）

I don’t know ______________（是否要下雨）if / wether he will go to the park with usif / wether he can comeWether it is going to
rain or notwhether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if练一练: if / whether
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ___________ he is well or
not.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
5. He doesn’t care ________ it isn’t a fine day.if / whetherwhetherwhether whether注：1.表示“是否”后接动词不定式时用whether
(whether to do sth.)
2.宾语从句是否定句时一般用if 引导if3.由连接代词(what, who, whom, which,whose)
连接副词(when, where, how, why)引导的宾从He asked _________________？
（谁能回答这个问题）
Doyou know _________________ ？
（他们在等谁）
He asked _____________________？

（谁的书法是班上最好的）
Please tell___________________.
（我们什么时候开会）
who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting forwhose handwriting was the best
in the classwhen we’ll have a meeting?Can you tell me ______________
（ 他在哪儿）
Could you tell me ______________
（怎样到达车站）
Would you tell me _______________
（火车为什么晚点）where he ishow I can get to the station?why the train was late?注：因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担 任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。4.带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句1.Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to
Hainan?
2.Could you tell us how often you go abroad
for a holiday?
3.Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?
4. I don’t know how far it is to the cinema.
5.Please tell us how many students there are in
your school.
6. Please tell us how soon you will be ready.
Can you tell us how old his brother is?5. “疑问词+ever”
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
引导宾语从句
I’ll show you whatever you want to see.
He likes to makes friends with whoever
shares his interest.
二、注意正确使用时态
如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句时态不受限制
I hear he is here today/ he was here yesterday/ he will be here tomorrow.
2. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。
He said he was watching TV/ he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school.
3. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时。
Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.1. The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow.
(be)
2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well.
(go)
3. Tom says that they ____________ (play).
basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
4. I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
5. He said that they _________ members of the
Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 三、 注意否定的转移:
主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose,believe,
expect, guess, imagine等, 其后的宾语从句若含
有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上
I don’t think that this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I don’t suppose that it is true.
我认为那不是真的。
一Do you believe it will clear up?
一I believe so. 我认为会这样。
I don't believe so.(或I believe not.)
我认为不会这样。
I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam.
I don’t doubt that we will win the match.
Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 四、 doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑问句中用 that 1.I doubt _________he is telling the
truth.
2.We never doubt _________ the plan
will be carried out .
3.Does he doubt _________ you are
from Australia?
4.I’m doubtful _________ he will agree
to this. if / whether that that if / whether1.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
The question is who will do it. 系动词表语从句2.（系动词）+ 引导词+简单句
What I want to say is that I am tired.引导词表语从句三、Predicative Clauses 表语从句连接词: that / whether ( if 不引导表语从句)
/as if /as though
连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词: when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at
that time.
He looked as if he was going to cry.
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
That’s why I was late.注 意：在表语从句中, 表“是否” 时, 只能用 “whether”
不能用“if”。
2. 一般情况下，“that”不能省。
3. It is /was because …
It is /was why…
4. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that…
5. The reason is because /why…that ….3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1) 可接表从的连系动词有be（is, am, are, was, were）, look, seem, sound, appear等。
China is no longer what it used to be. The question remains whether they will be able to help us. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.
It seems that he was late for the train. It appears that she was wrong.
2) because, why引导的表语从句
That‘s because he didn’t understand me. (That's because...强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me. 　(That's why...强调结果)
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 3）wh-疑问词引导表语从句
My question is who left.
What I wonder is when he left.
That's what he wants.
This is where they once lived.
That is why he didn't come here. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、命令、要求、计划等含义的名词（常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, request,plan, idea等）后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should 可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
My idea is that we should think it over
before accepting it.1. The news that we won the game is exciting.　
2. I have no idea when he will come back home.
3. Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
4. They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.The newsideaWordthe question观察下列句子划红线的部分。 四、同位语从句 1. 概念:
在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性
从句。
2. 功能:
同位语从句对名词进一步解释、说明
名词的具体内容。3. 用法:
常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason/
thought/order/ doubt/news/hope/truth/
belief/theory/decision/discovery/
problem/evidence/opinion…
4. 连接词
that/whether/who/ which/ what /when/
where/why/how连接词that引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,
不可省略.He told me the news that he would
come home from aboard soon.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.There is no doubt that the prices
of cars will go down.只用whether引导,不用if，而且whether
不充当成分。这个问题是否正确还未被证实.The problem ________ is right hasn’t been proved.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whether连接词代词what/which/who
引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.
2.我不知道该选哪个.1.The question _____ should go
abroad hasn’t been decided yet.2. I have no idea ______ one I
should choose.whichwho(定语)(主)在从句中充当成分连接词副词when/where/why/how
引导的同位语从句 1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.
2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.I’ve got a good idea _____ they
left early.
2.The question _______ we should
go has not been decided.whywhereWe were excited at the news. Our football team had won a third match .
They have made a new plan. Another experiment building will be put up beside the library.
合并成一句We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match.They have made a new plan that another experiment building will be put up beside the library.
3. They had the question. Could he pass the final exam?
4. Who did the damaged computer belong to? No one had any idea.
They had the question whether he
could pass the final exam.No one had any idea who the damaged computer belonged to.5. The problem has been solved. Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?
The problem why so many areas were flooded during the heavy storm has been solved.6.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./
The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.7. The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in
China./ We heard the news last night.The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.8. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.9. Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,
especially kids in school.There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.同位语从句与定语从句区别 1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表抽象意义的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。 He told me the news that he would come
home from aboard soon.Word came that he had been abroad.
据说他已经出国了。
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。(同位语从句)(定语从句) 2.从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或
限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同
位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进
一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句
的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game
is true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什
么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。
(定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以
引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
如: That question whether we need it
has not been considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。
(同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如: The order that we should send a few
people to help the other groups was
received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的
命令昨天收到了。
(同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释
that虽不作成分, 但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday
was that we should send a few people to
help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个
人去帮助别的几个小组。
(定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that
在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略) The news that we had successfully sent
up another communication satellite
spread throughout the world.
2. That’s the best piece of news I’ve heard.
3. I’ve no hope that my parents have been
expecting to me.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有
定语从句。定语从句定语从句同位语从句4. Is there any hope that he will be home
at 7:30?
5. The possibility that you referred to
doesn’t exist at all.
6. The fact that we talked about is very
important.
7. There is a strong possibility that we
may be in France for the next week.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句1. ____made the school proud was ____more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities .
A What / because B What / that
C That / what D That / because
2.___she couldn’t understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons .
A What / why B That / what
C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is __ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason4 ___has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising .
A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever
5. Information has been put forward __ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities .
A that B how C where D what DA6. ___ is no possibility ___ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that
C. There, whether D. It, which A7 – I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
-- Is that ___you had a few days off ?
A why B when C what D where
8 Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
--- Oh ,that’s ___.
A what makes me feel excited
B whatever I feel excited about
C how I feel about it
D when I feel excited AA.__ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect .
A What B That C This D Which
10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly __ he wants .
A what B which C when D that
11. We made the suggestion that he ___ his work .
A continues B continue
C continued D had continued BAB12.There will be a special price for ____ buys things in large number here.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever
13. Mary wrote an article on ____ the team had failed to win the game .
why B. what C. who D. that (05)
14.The poor young man is ready to accept __ help he can get. (05)
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever15.Many newspaper printed the governor’s statement _____ would support a tax cut.
and he B. was that he C which he D that he
16._____ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.
Which B. How C. What D. That
17.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 18. Can you make sure ___ the gold rings?
A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put19.The reason that has been such a success ___ he never gives up.
A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what20. ______ breaks the law should be punished.
A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 21. That is ___ I had to take the risk of being washed away.
A. why B. reason why C. how D. what
22. Do ___ you think is right ___ difficulties you may have.
A. what ;however B. that ;whatever
C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever
23.The workers considered it important ___ the boss would agree to give them a rise.
A. whether B. how C. where D. which 24. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether25. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how26. Difficulty lies ___ we have no money.
A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that27. I don’t think the question of ___ they are old or young is important.
A. which B. whether C. how D. why28. It makes no difference ___ you will go today or tomorrow.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
29. _____ should be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
30. The news ____ Lincoln was murdered filled the American people’s hearts with deep sorrow.
A. which B. when C. that D. how
31. ____ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
32. I don’t trust his promise ___ he will buy me a new car.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
33. She received the message ___ he would come by plane.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
34. Energy is ___ makes things work.
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
35.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite different from __ a few years ago.
A. what it used to be B. that it used to be
C.which it used to be D. what was it36. We all know the truth ___ there are air ,water and sunlight,there are living things.
A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever
37.The true value of life is not in ___ , but____.
A. how you get ;that you give
B.which you get;what you give
C.what you get ;what you give
D. what do you get ;what do you give
38.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever
连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二. 主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
2、第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
（8）What we need is time.
（9）What we need are good doctors.
小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主语从句的用法
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it is＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.
三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试？ Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：
he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）
he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。
7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词：连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.　我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 　我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;8.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;9.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;10.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
13.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
14.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
四、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
2、简介
定义：A 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑
主语 连系动词 形容词作表语
The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语---表语从句
B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.
He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
The question is confusing. 这个问题令人困惑.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。
how I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我们行进.
注意：
A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句， 例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how 在表语从句中充当方式状语)// The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表语从句中充当宾语)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)// That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意： “That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结， 又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮， 这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异， 说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。// That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义， 只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句， 将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样， 例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语， 这也是个常用句型， 意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果)
五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
2、简介
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That she is still alive is her luck.　他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.　事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.　很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.　你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…　有必要…… It is important that…　重要的是……
It is obvious that…　很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…　人们相信…… It is known to all that…　众所周知……
It has been decided that…　已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that…　……是常识 It is a surprise that…　令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…　事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that…　似乎…… It happens that…　碰巧……
It occurred to me that…　我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.　书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.　在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.　俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.　我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语：　I have no idea when he will return.　我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.　我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语：　That depends on where we shall go.　
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.　还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.　他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.　请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.　问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.　他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.　她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.　我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别：
1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如：
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后，只能用whether。如：
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的，我真的不知道。
（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）
5、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思：“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧义.
九、否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.　我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come.　我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.　
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.　(否定状语)　蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.　(否定状语many weeks)　她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
答案A：句型It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that……etc
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
答案A：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
名词性从句练习(一)
1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.
A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2."Is Mary from New York City " "I don't know _______."
A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come
C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from
3.________ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.
A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for
6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________.
A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so
7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.
A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along
C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along
8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure ________ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here ________ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much ________.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.
A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I don't doubt ________ he'll come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. "Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang " "Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to." A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.
A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved ________.A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._______ surprised me most was ________ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That...what B. What...that C. That...which D. What...which22. We gave him ________ help we could. A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him. A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me ________ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know ________ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think ________
A. has he gone B. has he been C. he's gone D. was he28. Do you know ________ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see ________ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happened C. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is_______.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31.________ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is
C. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think who he is32. He didn't know which room ________.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer ________.
A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.
A. which B. that C. what D. all what36.______ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.
A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does37.________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of A. What...that B. That...what C. How...why D. Why...how38._______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do A. That...what B. What...that C. Where...which D. Which...where 39.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work. A. if B. that C. whether D. which41."Do you know ________ " "His father is a doctor."A. what is his father B. who is his father C. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this ________ we met each other two years ago
A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It ________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44.We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _______ they could settle the problem without others' help.
A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked ________.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring - You can take _______ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of ________.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he ________ in good health and _______ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know ________ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _________ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53.________ is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad. A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hard C. What is hard D. All what is hard54.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go56.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57.____ you don't like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited59.____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A. What … that B. That … what C. Why … that D. If … what61._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When B. Why C. What D. That63._______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If B. Where C. That D. What64._______he won't go there is clear to all of us. A. How B. What C. Why D. This65._______you come or not is up to you. A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66._______makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which B. That C. If D. How68.Three days later, word came ________our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is ________will go to the meeting. A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _______ it were going to rain. A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _______ he likes the place so much. A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why73.We thought _______ strange that Tom did not come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _______ she had not said anything surprised all of us.
A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What I'm considering now _________ the money we need. A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me __________ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 77.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known _________ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. that C. what D. how79. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.
A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told ________ he did was not necessary.
A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about ________ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.
A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out ________ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 83. You will easily know ________ video recorders (录相机) are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. ________ you have seen things like these before doesn't matter.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. When 85. I asked her in English ________ she was, and she told me ________ she was an actress.A. who…that B. who…X C. what…X D. how…that86. She took it for granted ________ I'd be back home an hour ago.
A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible ________ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that time I had no idea ________ I could hand it to him without being seen.A. if B. how C. which D. that how90. Last Sunday he promised ________ today, but he hasn't appeared yet. A. that he would come B. that he will come C. he will come to see me D. whether he would come91. Last Sunday he made a promise ________ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether92. Do you have any idea ________ A. when Miss Smith will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arriveC. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasn't Miss Smith arrived93. I have almost forgotten ________.A. how Mr. Taylor's like B. what Mr. Taylor's face is likeC. what Mr. Taylor's face is D. which Mr. Taylor's face is like94. The true value of life is not in ________, but ________.A. how you get …that you give B. which you got what you giveC. what you get …what you give D. what do you get…what do you give95. Do you know ________ A. what is this used for B. what this is used for C. which this is used D. that this is used for96. ________ surprised me most was ________.A. That…that she spoke Japanese so well B. What…how could she speak Japanese so wellC. What…that she spoke Japanese so well D. That…why she could speak Japanese so well97. ________ is to dance.A. That interests Mary really B. Which really interests Mary.C. What really interests Mary D. What really interest Mary98. We were greatly amused by ________.
A. what you have told us B. which you had told us C. what you told us D. that you told us99. These computers are different from ________. A. that we expected B. what we expected C. which we have expected D. what we expect100. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expectedC. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected
答案：
1-5.CDCDB 6-10.BABCD 11-15.ADCCA 16-20.DABCA 21-25.BBDDA 26-30.BCDCC 31-35.ABCDC 36-40.DABBC 41-45.CCDDD 46-50.ACBAA 51-55.CCCAD 56-60.ACBBA 61-65 DABCD 66-70 CACDB 71-75 CBBCA 76-80 CCCCD 81-85 BADBC 86-90 ABDBA 91-95 CABCB 96-100 CCCBD
名词性从句练习(二)
1.____he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all____.A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient's fear ____he would die of the disease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _____he said really true A. that B. what C. why D. whether12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn't matter.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. ____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. ____you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where21. ____he always serves the people very well is known. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 22.____has passed the test will get a prize .
A. Whoever B. No mater who C. Whomever D. Who 23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week A that B it C his D he24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York. A. when B why C that D what25. Obviously___we do morning exercises every day __ us good.
A. that do B. if; do C what; does D. that; dose26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said.A that; that; that B what; what; what C that; which; what D that; that; which27___ gets home first is to cook the supper.
A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever28___ moved us most was___ he liked after the old man for more than twenty years.A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what29.___ you did it is not known to all. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which30.___ you do should be well done. A How B. That C. Whatever D Why31. The reason I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don't.
A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what32. What time do you think__ A. will Tom come back B. Tom will come back C. is Tom coming back D. can Tom get here33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.
A. Has traveled B. traveled C. had traveled D. travels34..___ is still a question___ will win. A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that35. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.
A. whom B. which C. who D. that36. In some countries,___ are called "public schools" are not owned by the state.
A. that B. which C. as D. what37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don't is a terrible mistake.A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what that38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public.A. why B. which C. that D. what39. Why don't you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it
A. that B. what C. that D. it40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That's why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens.A. whatever; whatever B. No matter what; whatever
C. No matter what; No matter what D. Whatever; however41. That is___ I was born and grew up. A. There B. in which C. where D. the place42.___ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. When D. Because43.___ we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether44.---Have you found your book yet ---No, I'm not sure___ I could have left it.A. whether B. where C. when D. why45. The doctor couldn't answer the question___ the patient could survive that night.A. if B. that C. whether D. what 46. I firmly believe___ he said at the meeting was right.
A. that B. which C. that what D. what that47.---What were you trying to prove to the police ---___ I was last night.
A. That B. When C. Where D. What48. I think, though I could be mistaken, __ he liked me. A. who B. which C. that D. what49. At the meeting, we discussed___ we should employ more workers.
A. if B. whether C. that D. /50. After___ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. A. which B. it C. what D. that51.___ has a good education can apply for the job. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whoever52.___ is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What53.___ worries me is___ we're going to pay for all this.
A. It; that B. That; how C. What; how D. As; that54.___ is said that paper was invented in China. A. As B. Which C. It D. That55. Many people thought little of me, but I did what___.
A. I thought I was right B. I thought it was right C. I thought was right D. I was thought righty56. The manager has decided to put___ he think is energetic, clever, and has good sense of duty
in the position of the leadership of the company.
A. those who B. anyone C. whomever D. whoever
57. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia
and___ more tan 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now Alaska C. is now Alaska D. what is now Alaska58. Please tell me___ you would like to have your coffee--- black or white
A. what B. where C. which D. how59. My mother asked___ with me.A. what was the wrong B. what the matter was C. what matter was D. what was the matter60. Some of the scientists held the point___ the book said was right.A. what what B. what what C. that that D. that what答案：
1-5 ABABC 6-10 AABAC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 BCBAA 21-25 BABAD 26-30 ADBCC 31-35 BBDBC 36-40 DCDDA 41-45 CBBBC 46-50 CCCBC 51-55 BDCCC 56-60 DDDDD