2023版高考英语题型专题课件（5份打包）

(共139张PPT)
专题二　七选五
考点1　细节句和过渡句
话题:用音乐对抗霸凌　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约303
[2022辽宁铁岭六校联考]"Music is where everything started," Samira Horton says. 　 1　 She has been rapping and performing since she was 6 years old. "Through music," DJ Annie Red says, "I can express myself and let out my emotion."
The rising hip-hop star uses music to share a message about bullying(霸凌). "I was bullied a lot," she says, "even today, especially because of my voice." DJ Annie Red has a deep voice. 2　 But DJ Annie Red has found a way to rise above their rude remarks. Instead of thinking of her voice as a weakness, she uses it to spread her anti-bullying message far and wide.
3　 She posts her music online, too. She likes to give students a rhythmic and interactive show while teaching them how to overcome bullying. "It makes them feel like they're not alone."
DJ Annie Red believes that standing up to bullying is more important than ever. 　 4　 "You don't have to show your face at all," she says. "Someone could easily be affected by that."
　 5　 She believes that kids of her generation can make things better by finding their passions, and using those passions to inspire changes, as she has. "Kids' being more confident in themselves and wanting to do something that they really enjoy doing is something that motivates me to keep doing what I do."
注：属于本考点的试题用 突出标记。
Passage 1
A.But she sees a brighter future ahead.
B.People have told her she sounds like a boy.
C.She encourages kids of all ages to stand up to bullying.
D.DJ Annie Red has performed at schools, festivals and pro-basketball games.
E.Her 2017 book, The Bully Stop, is based on her song "No You Won't Bully Me".
F.The 13-year-old from Brooklyn, New York, is known to the world as DJ Annie Red.
G.That's because people can bully others on social media while hiding behind a username.
Passage 1
【考点突破】 细节支撑性句子注重考查上下文逻辑,过渡性句子注重考查文章结构。在七选五中,对于过渡句的考查主要包括段落内过渡句和段落间过渡句。考生应先厘清句际逻辑关系与段落层次,然后根据文章语句间的意义关系进行分析,还可借助句子之间的连接性词语进行分析,判断题目的考查方向。针对考查细节句的题目,考生可通过分析上下文具体内容以及选项表述的重点选择正确答案。解答段落内过渡句时,要仔细阅读设空处前后相邻的内容,挖掘内在的逻辑关系,注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的标志词,然后与选项中的关键词建立联系;解答段落间过渡句时,要阅读上一段的段尾和下一段的内容,注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的标志词,然后与选项中的关键词建立联系。
衔接词与体现逻辑关系的标志词:
①并列与递进关系: firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then, next, finally, at last, in the end, in the first place, in the second place, for one thing, for another, and, also, not...but, furthermore, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, in addition, as well, to make matters worse等。②因果关系: so, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result等。③转折与让步关系:however, nevertheless, though, yet, in spite of, on the contrary, otherwise, while, rather than, even if, despite等。
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了闻名世界的DJ Annie Red对待霸凌的态度,以及她如何用音乐来对抗霸凌。
1.F　考查细节句。空前是Samira Horton 说的话,空后介绍她从6岁开始说唱,那么本空也应是对Samira Horton的介绍,F项"这个来自纽约布鲁克林的13岁女孩,作为DJ Annie Red闻名于世界"符合语境,故选F项。
2.B　考查细节句。根据上文的"I was bullied a lot""especially because of my voice"和"DJ Annie Red has a deep voice"可知,DJ Annie Red因低沉的声音而遭受霸凌,本空应是人们对于她的声音的恶评,B项"人们说她的声音像男生的声音"符合语境,且B项的内容与下文中的"their rude remarks"相呼应,故选B项。
3.D　考查细节句。根据下文可知,她也将她的音乐传到网上去,根据空后一句中的"too"可以推知,本空介绍的也是她的表演方式,D项"DJ Annie Red在学校、会演以及职业篮球比赛上表演"符合语境,故选D项。
4.G　考查过渡句。空前说勇敢对抗霸凌比以前更重要,空后提到不需要露脸,G项"这是因为人们可以躲在用户名背后在社交媒体上霸凌别人"承上启下,解释了对抗霸凌比以前更重要的原因,同时又引出下文,那些霸凌别人的人躲在用户名背后,完全不需要露脸。故选G项。
5.A　考查主题句。上文提到网络霸凌对人的伤害;空后指出,她认为她这一代的孩子能通过找到热情来让事情朝更好的方向发展,并且他们可以用这些热情来做出一些改变。本空与上文为转折关系,且本句为本段的主题句,说明事情会朝好的方向发展,因此A项"但是她却看到了前方更光明的未来"符合语境,故选A项。
话题:保护海牛　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约310
[2022河北石家庄一检]Wildlife workers in Florida are feeding manatees(海牛) to keep them from starving. 　 1　 So far, the rescue workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce.
Manatees are huge sea mammals that can be as long as 4 meters when mature. 　 2　 In spite of their size, manatees only eat plants that live in the sea. That's one reason why they're sometimes called "sea cows".
But Florida's manatees have been on the US government's list of endangered animals since 1967. Most threats to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems faced by the creatures is boats. Manatees are curious and fairly slow, which has led to thousands of manatees being injured or killed.
　 3　 At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. But by 2016,there were roughly 8,800 manatees.
But now manatees are facing a new challenge: they can't get enough to eat. Many of the beds of seagrass have been killed by pollution. Seagrass began to disappear around 2011.Warming seas, combined with polluted water and fertilizers(肥料) that have been washed off farmlands, have created huge growth of algae(海藻) on the ocean's surface. 　 4　
Last year,1,101 manatees died from starving. 　 5　 Many of the manatees that remain are so thin that often they have trouble swimming.
Passage 2
So, wildlife experts came up with a plan to get food for the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. In the long term, Florida is working to help restore seagrass beds. But that will take time.
A.That was a record.
B.They can weigh up to 590 kilograms.
C.The feeding station has been very successful.
D.With protection, manatees managed to bounce back.
E.They block the sunlight that allows the seagrass to grow.
F.But feeding these massive sea creatures takes a lot of food.
G.Research needs to be done to determine what food would be best.
Passage 2
本文是一篇说明文,讲述了佛罗里达州野生动物保护者通过给海牛喂食来避免它们遭受饥饿,从而促进海牛种群数量的增加。
1.F　考查过渡句。空前一句讲到了"佛罗里达州的野生动物保护者正喂养海牛以防止它们挨饿",而空后则讲到了"到目前为止,救援人员已经发放了25吨莴苣",因此,F项"但是,喂养这些大型海洋生物特别费食物"承上启下,符合语境。
2.B　考查细节句。空前一句讲到了"海牛是大型海洋哺乳动物,成年海牛身长达4米",而空后一句讲到了"尽管它们体型庞大,却只吃海洋植物",因此,空处应该还会讲到海牛的体型,故B项"它们(海牛)可能重达590千克"符合语境。
3.D　考查主题句。根据第一段可知,佛罗里达州的野生动物保护者正喂养海牛,结合空后的"At one point, there were only...8,800 manatees"可知,通过野生动物保护者的努力,海牛的数量有反弹,故D项能概括本段主旨,符合语境。
4.E　考查细节句。本段讲到了海牛面临的新挑战,结合空前一句中的"海洋表面的海藻大量生长"可知,空处应该会讲到海藻泛滥带来的危害,故E项"它们(海藻)挡住了使海草能够生长的阳光"符合语境。
5.A　考查细节句。空前一句讲到了"去年1 101头海牛死于饥饿",A项"那是一个纪录"是对空前一句的评价,符合语境。
答案
话题:与大学室友相处　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约312
[2022广东汕头一模]Having a college roommate is most people's first experience living with someone who is not related to them. It comes with both benefits and challenges. 　 1　 You get an instant friend, someone to keep you company during your first time away from home. However, you also run the risk of being matched with someone you find it difficult to get along well with. Either way, here's some good advice:
Establish some rules
　 2　 In this way, you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict. Establish what space is whose, when you need quiet time to study, which items you can share, what time you go to bed, and who's allowed to eat what in the refrigerator.
Practice direct communication
Dorm rooms are close quarters, so even if you get along with your roommate, there is bound to be a disagreement or two. 　 3　 You can't expect your roommate to be a mind-reader, so if you get upset or frustrated, communicate it to your roommate right away. 4 　 You'll find such a way gets a better response than if you just attack or criticize.
Passage 3
Compromise(妥协) sometimes
When it comes to doing chores around the room, listening to certain kinds of music, watching different TV shows and requesting privacy, compromise is key. If you give a little, your roommate will give a promising does not refer to giving in to all of someone's requests. 　 5 So, talk through the things you and your roommate differ on until you can reach a compromise.
A.Make your preferences known from the start.
B.Instead, it means coming to a common agreement.
C.Handle such conflicts with open communication.
D.It refers to persuading others to accept your opinion.
E.Use a respectful tone and choose your words carefully.
F.In this situation, listening to your roommate is very important.
G.Getting along with your roommate can enhance your college experience.
这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了拥有大学室友既有好处也有挑战,作者就如何与室友相处、避免发生冲突给出了一些建议。
Passage 3
答案
1.G　考查细节句。根据上文可知,拥有大学室友既有好处,又有挑战;根据下文可知,你也会面临与你觉得很难友好相处的人相匹配的风险,这是拥有大学室友的一个挑战,那么本空可能叙述拥有大学室友的一个好处,G项"与你的室友相处可以丰富你的大学经历"符合语境,故选G项。
2.A　考查细节句。根据本段小标题"Establish some rules"以及空后一句"In this way, you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict"可知,A项"从一开始就说明你的偏好"符合语境,说明制定规则的目的是从一开始就让你的室友知道你的偏好,用这样的方法可以避免与室友冲突,且该选项中的"known"与空后一句中的"are clear"相呼应。故选A项。
3.C　考查细节句。根据本段小标题"Practice direct communication"和空后一句"You can't expect...right away" 可知,C项"以开放的沟通方式处理此类冲突"符合本段主旨,且与下文构成因果关系,故选C项。
4.E　考查过渡句。根据上文可知,你不能指望你的室友是一个会读心术的人,所以如果你感到失望或沮丧,立即向你的室友表达出来;根据下文可知,你会发现这样的方式与攻击或批评相比能得到更好的回应,E项"用尊重的语气,并且斟酌用语"符合本段主旨, 且承上启下,故选E项。
5.B　考查细节句。根据空前一句可知,妥协并不意味着对别人的所有要求都做出让步,B项"相反,这意味着互相达成共识"与前一句构成转折关系,故选B项。
话题:轮滑　 主题语境:人与社会　 核心素养:思维品质　 词数:约290
[2022河北保定一模]Rollerblading is an excellent sport that just about anyone can enjoy. Experience and types of skating range in difficulty from simple recreational skating to a much more aggressive style of skating.
After you have mastered the basics of rollerblading, you can begin to master the sport. 　 1　 However, some athletes prefer to perfect their sport and compete in their chosen sport.
The sport of rollerblading has many variations(变体) and styles that allow competition. 　 2　 Also known as urban skating, free skating is set in an urban setting and participants must travel through streets and travel around any obstacle as fast as possible in order to reach the finish. 　 3　 Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks freestyle skaters often use.
　 4　 It is specially enjoyed by skaters who prefer performing tricks and challenging movements. Aggressive skating can be performed in an urban setting, like free skating, and this style is often called street skating. Aggressive skaters can also be found at skateparks performing tricks on the obstacles created specifically to cater to tricks.
Street skaters use any type of urban obstacle to perform amazing tricks ranging from jumps and slides to grinds and petitions in aggressive skating require contestants to perform increasingly difficult and dangerous tricks in order to outmatch(胜过,击败) their competitors. 　5　
Passage 4
A.Each style requires different equipment.
B.Aggressive skating is another popular form of the sport.
C.So aggressive skating is one of the most entertaining sports to watch.
D.Many freestyle skaters can also race on ice as the seasons change.
E.Many people enjoy rollerblading just for the simple pleasure of exercise.
F.Free skating is a type about skating from start to finish as fast as possible.
G.In addition to emphasizing speed, free skating often includes different tricks.
Passage 4
这是一篇说明文,本文主要讲了两种不同类型的轮滑——自由式轮滑和极限轮滑。
1.E　考查细节句。空后的"However"表明空后与空处形成了转折,根据空后的"some athletes prefer to perfect their sport and compete in their chosen sport"可知,E项"很多人喜欢轮滑仅仅是为了运动带来的简单的快乐"符合语境。
2.F　考查细节句。空前为本段的中心句,根据空前的"rollerblading has many variations(变体) and styles"可知,空处会讲到轮滑种类中的一种,再根据空后的"Also known as urban skating, free skating is...reach the finish"可知,空处讲到的类型应该是free skating,故选F项。
3.G　考查过渡句。G项中的"In addition to emphasizing speed"呼应空前的"travel around any obstacle as fast as possible",而"includes different tricks"引出空后的"Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks",故G项承上启下,符合语境。
4.B　考查主题句。根据空后的"It is specially enjoyed by skaters who prefer performing tricks and challenging movements. Aggressive skating can be...is often called street skating"可知,空后的It指的应该是aggressive skating,空处应涉及对极限轮滑的简要介绍,故选B项。
5.C　考查结论句。结合本段内容可知,本段主要讲了极限轮滑要使用障碍来展现技巧,选手还需要展现高难度且危险的技巧才能打败竞争对手,故C项"所以,极限轮滑是观看起来最有趣的运动之一"符合语境。
答案
话题:目标与系统　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约312
[2022福建福州三模]We all have things that we want to achieve in our lives. 　 1　 At least, this is how I approached my life goals until recently.
What I'm starting to realize, however, is that when it comes to actually getting things done and making progress in the areas that are important to you, there is a much better way to do things. It all comes down to the difference between goals and systems. 　 2　 Your system is the writing schedule that you follow each week. If you completely ignored your goals and focused only on your system, would you still get results I think you would.
　 3　 In the last 12 months, I've written over 115, 000 words. The typical book is about 50, 000 to 60, 000 words, so I have written enough to fill two books this year. All of this is such a surprise because I never set a goal for my writing. I didn't measure my progress in relation to some benchmark. 　 4　 I never said, "I want to write two books this year." What I did focus on was writing one article every Monday and Thursday. I focused on my system and the process of doing the work. In the end, I enjoyed the same (or perhaps better) results.
Goals are good for planning your progress and systems are good for actually making progress. Having a system is what matters. 　5　
Passage 5
A.None of this is to say that goals are useless.
B.If you're a writer, your goal is to write a book.
C.Forget about predicting the future and build a system.
D.I never set a word count goal for any particular article.
E.Committing to the process is what makes the difference.
F.And for most of us, the path to those things starts by setting a specific goal.
G.As an example, I just added up the total word count for the articles I've written this year.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己写作的经历告诉我们:目标固然重要,但是专注于系统和过程,坚持不懈地做才更重要。
1.F　考查过渡句。空前列举了我们在生活中想要实现的事情,而空后一句提到"至少直到最近,我都是这样接近我的生活目标的",由此可知,空处承上启下,说明了实现这些事情的方法,F项中的"those things"指的正是上文中的"things that we want to achieve in our lives",且F项中的" a specific goal"与空后一句中的"goals"相呼应。故选F。
Passage 5
答案
2.B　考查过渡句。根据空前一句"It all comes down to the difference between goals and systems"可知,目标和系统之间有差异,而空后一句提到了与写作有关的系统,那么空处承上启下,说的应是目标,且与写作有关。由此可知,B项"如果你是一个作家,你的目标是写一本书"符合语境,故选B。
3.G　考查细节句。根据下文中的"In the last 12 months, I've written over 115, 000 words. The typical book is about 50, 000 to 60, 000 words, so I have written enough to fill two books this year"可知,作者应是将过去12个月的写作字数进行了计算,因此,G项"举个例子,我刚刚把我今年写的文章的总字数加起来"符合语境。故选G。
4.D　考查细节句。根据上文中的"I never set a goal for my writing. I didn't measure my progress in relation to some benchmark"和下文中的"I never said,‘I want to write two books this year.’"可知,空处也应是否定句,且上文提到了作者今年的写作总字数,同时根据"I didn't measure" "benchmark""two books"这些细节可知,空处应与设定字数目标有关,由此可知,D项"我从来没有为任何一篇文章设定字数目标"符合语境。故选D。
5.E　考查结论句。空处是对段落的总结。空前提到,有一个系统很重要,并且作者以自己写作的经历"I focused on my system and the process of doing the work. In the end, I enjoyed the same (or perhaps better) results"证明了,目标固然重要,但是专注于系统和过程,坚持不懈地做才更重要。E项符合语境,且能总结本段,故选E。
话题:真人图书馆　 主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约294
[2022山东济南模考]The Human Library has been working to encourage a sense of shared humanity for almost two decades. It is quite different from traditional libraries. 　 1　 You can review your perspective with the help of borrowed human books.
The Human Library is an association which attempts to create respect and understanding for the diversity in society through efforts. 　 2　 In this place, people who otherwise would never meet or talk can find room for conversation.
As its website details, the library hosts weekly events in local communities. The volunteers, "human books", welcome members of the public to come and talk to them. 　 3　
Ronni Abergel is the founder of the library. 　 4　 As his idea has spread like a bestseller, the library has hosted events in more than 80 countries, in libraries, museums, festivals and schools. It has more than 1,000 human books in circulation in more than 50 languages, with especially strong presence in American cities such as Chicago and San Francisco.
　 5　 They have served as a timely way to reach out to scores of people stuck at home, and fearful of being too close to strangers. Being a book in the library is more than what you expect and is something you will never forget. It is also an opportunity to meet a lot of people that are different from you and yet you will find you share a lot in common.
Passage 6
A.It creates a safe space for dialogue.
B.His ambition is to build a high-tech library.
C.COVID-19 has led to many virtual events as well.
D.This library allows people to start an online conversation.
E.He just wants to get the whole world listening and talking.
F.Here, various questions are expected, appreciated and answered.
G.At this library, you can "borrow" people for a conversation instead of books.
Passage 6
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲了真人图书馆的目的、操作方式、发展情况以及在新冠肺炎疫情期间发挥的作用等。
1.G　考查过渡句。空前一句讲到了真人图书馆与传统图书馆不同,因此,空处应该会讲到这种不同具体体现在什么地方。G项"在这个图书馆,你可以‘借’人来聊天而不是借书"符合语境,且与空后的"你可以在借来的真人图书的帮助下反思自己的观点"呼应,故G项符合语境。
2.A　考查细节句。根据空后的"people who otherwise...room for conversation"可以推断,真人图书馆为人们提供了对话的空间,故A项符合语境。
3.F　考查细节句。根据语境可知,本空承接空前一句,此处应该会讲到来这里交流时要知道的一些情况,故F项符合语境。
4.E　考查细节句。根据语境可知,空处应该会继续讲Ronni Abergel,故B、E项符合初步判断。根据空后的"the library has...festivals and schools"可知,空处讲到的应该是Ronni Abergel想要让真人图书馆服务全球,故E项符合语境。
5.C　考查细节句。根据空后的"a timely way...at home"可知,真人图书馆在新冠肺炎疫情期间及时给人们提供了帮助,故C项符合
语境。
答案
话题:应对防卫心理　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约304
[2022名师原创]Defensiveness is a natural reaction when you feel attacked. 　 1　 And it's one way you escape responsibility for your actions when facing a difficult or unpleasant person of situation. In conversations, though, defensiveness can quickly destroy any hopes of understanding and moving forward. So how can you respond to defensiveness
Meeting defensiveness with defensiveness is likely to increase the tension rather than remove it. Saying "don't lake it personally" probably won't help either. 　 2　 So arguing with a defensive person, becoming defensive yourself, or being judgmental will confirm their anxiety. When a person is defensive, they're acting on emotion. If emotions are running high, you may want to walk away for a while, collect your thoughts, and come back to the conversation later until you feel in control. 　 3　
One way to manage defensiveness is to follow some communication ground rules. For example, you might agree that each person gets the chance to speak without interruption while the other person listens. 　 4　 Then switch roles. In this way, you can add structure to your conversation.
　 5　 Doing that may help you take things less personally and avoid getting them to think that you're judging them. Ask questions with a genuine interest, and try to understand why they feel defensive. If it's a response to something you said or did or your tone, apologize for that and try a different approach next time.
Passage 7
A.Getting defensive protects you and your feelings.
B.You should get curious about the other person's opinion.
C.Defensiveness is usually born out of fear of refusal or judgment.
D.It makes sense that you want to pick up helpful tips on coping with it.
E.There're also situations where defensiveness creates an unhealthy state.
F.If this is the case, communicate to the other person that you need space.
G.The listener can reflect on the information received and confirm the speaker's feelings.
Passage 7
本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了应对防卫心理的方法。
1.A　考查细节句。空后提到"而且这是你在面对棘手或讨厌的人或情况时逃避责任的一种方式"。故选A项"有防卫心理会保护你和你的感情"。
2.C　考查细节句。C项"防卫心理通常源于对拒绝或评判的恐惧"与下文衔接紧密,C项中的"fear"和"judgment"对应空后的"judgmental"和"anxiety"。
3.F　考查细节句。空前提到"你可能想要先走开一会儿,整理一下思绪,直到你能冷静下来再回到谈话中",F项"如果是这种情况,跟对方说你需要空间"承接上文。F项的"the case"与上文呼应。
4.G　考查过渡句。空前提到"每个人都有机会不受干扰地说话,而另一个人在听",空后提到"然后交换角色",G项"倾听者可以思考他们所听到的,并确认说话者的感受"承上启下,符合语境。
5.B　考查主题句。空后提到"那样做可以帮助你不那么个人化地看待事情,避免别人认为你在评判他们",故空处应是具体做法。再结合下文的"Ask questions with a genuine interest, and try to understand"可知,选B项"你应该对对方的观点感兴趣"。
答案
话题:自行车博物馆　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约315
[2022名师原创]How many bicycles do you need in your life For 67-year-old Chai Lin, it's 1,300 and counting.
Chai has been fond of bicycles since the 1960s when he saw some people riding the two-wheeled vehicle in his home city Lanzhou in Northwest China. 　 1　 To get enough money, Chai used his talent for writing and painting to create artworks and sold them on the street. Thanks to all the efforts and "crowdfunding" in his family, Chai got a British-made Raleigh in 1980. 　 2　
After becoming a businessperson and earning enough to buy fancy motorbikes and cars, Chai's passion for bikes, however, didn't fade. 　 3　 The items have brought Chai enormous satisfaction, but many people around say Chai has bought nothing more than a pile of useless metal. He never minds the comments. In his eyes, the bikes also show the development of global industrial civilization.
　 4　 In 2009, with the support of the local government, he decided to invest money in a museum for the bikes. With an area of 18,650 square meters, the museum stores not only bikes, but more than 13,500 bike-related things like books and photos. The museum has been selected as an off-campus research center for local primary and middle school students and is popular with tourists. 　 5　 A VR device now is available for visitors to experience the feeling of riding on different types of bikes. "Bikes carry precious memories of our generation. They deserve a comfortable ‘home’," Chai said.
Passage 8
A.However, in that era, a bicycle was a luxury.
B.The idea of building a bike museum came to him.
C.Chai has constantly upgraded the facilities inside it.
D.But his family thought he was blowing money on nonsense.
E.Chai treasured it so much that he was even unwilling to ride it.
F.With his collection growing, there was no space to keep the bikes.
G.He began collecting bikes of various brands and ages from around the world.
本文是记叙文。柴林自幼时起就酷爱自行车,后来他开始收集来自世界各地的自行车,并在当地政府的支持下,建立了一家自行车博物馆。
Passage 8
答案
【核心单词】　fade v.逐渐消逝,逐渐消失;(使)变淡,变暗 enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的,极大的　luxury n.奢侈品;奢华;不常有的乐趣(或享受、优势)　 treasure v.珍视,珍爱,珍重 n.金银财宝,财富;极贵重的物品,珍品
1.A　考查细节句。空前提到柴林对自行车的喜爱从20世纪60年代就开始了,空后提到为了获得足够的钱,他利用自己在写作和绘画方面的天赋创作艺术品并在街上售卖,故空处应涉及柴林当时买自行车遇到的困难,A项"然而,在那个时代,自行车是奢侈品"符合语境。
2.E　考查细节句。空前提到通过他的努力和家人的"众筹",柴林在1980年得到了一辆英国制造的自行车,由此可推断,空处应与柴林得到自行车后的心情或做法等有关,故E项"柴林太珍惜这辆自行车了,以至于他不愿意骑它"能承接上文。
3.G　考查过渡句。空前提到柴林对自行车的热爱并没有消退,空后提到这些物品给他带来了巨大的满足感,故空处内容应涉及柴林对自行车的热爱是如何被满足的,G项"他开始收集来自世界各地的不同品牌、不同年代的自行车"承上启下。空后的"The items"指代G项中的"bikes of various brands and ages"。
4.F　考查过渡句。上文提到柴林收集来自世界各地的自行车,空后提到在当地政府的支持下,柴林投资建立了一家自行车博物馆,F项"随着他的收藏品的不断增多,他没有空间去放置自行车了"是上文中柴林的做法带来的结果,也是他成立博物馆的原因。
【易错点拨】　B项"他萌生了建立自行车博物馆的想法"虽与本段主旨一致,但是与上文内容不衔接,且与下文的"he decided to invest money in a museum for the bikes"重复,故可排除。
5.C　考查细节句。根据空后提到的现在一个VR装置可供游客体验乘坐不同类型自行车的感觉可知,空处应与博物馆内部的情况有关,故C项"柴林不断升级博物馆内的设施"符合语境。
考点2　标题句、主题句和结论句
话题:与宠物亲近　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约326
[2022山东聊城一模]Having a pet can be a magical moment for a lot of people. Welcoming a new furry guest in your life conveys a feeling of bliss unmatched by anything else. Unfortunately, many new pet owners can take a while to adjust with their pets and struggle to bond with them.　1　 According to celebrity dog trainer Nicole Ellis, certain steps will help you get closer to your pet and eventually become its best friend.
It goes without saying that spending time with your pets can greatly help you bond with them. Cats, dogs, and other animals love to be included in the activities of their human companions. Whether it is going on errands or just chilling at home watching a movie, make sure your furry friends are with you and enjoying themselves. 　 2　
Another thing to keep in mind is that playtime between an owner and their pets is the best way to bond and share wonderful moments together. It is important to know what type of play your pets enjoy. Just like each individual is different, animals are different from each other too. 　3　 Not only would these activities keep them in good health and stave off boredom, but they would go a long way towards making you and your pets closer.
　 4　 Whether you're teaching them a simple command like "Sit!" or teaching them a more complex backflip and dance, your pet is sure to enjoy your company and would love you all the more for it. Training would also ease frustration as your pets would grow to be more obedient and well-behaved. 　5　
Passage 1
A.In time, you'll be inseparable.
B.Just be sure to reward them after.
C.Training would boost your confidence.
D.All the animals don't like the same activities.
E.Explore and figure out what would be the best activities.
F.Most people forget that training the pets and teaching them tricks is a healthy way.
G.It is important that you and your furry friend have a healthy and loving relationship.
Passage 1
【考点突破】　七选五有些设空简明地概括了一个段落的主要内容,或突出了某个段落的主题,或是对某个段落的总结,它们分别称为标题句、主题句和结论句。标题句一般自成一行,根据设空位置很容易分辨出来;主题句大多数情况下是在段首,有时也在段尾;结论句基本上都是在段尾。三者考查的都是考生的概括能力。
解答段落标题句这类试题时,首先应根据设空位置判断出考查的是段落小标题,即考查对下文段落主要内容的总结归纳;其次,结合下文找出中心句和关键词句,特别留意but,therefore,however等词后的句子;最后,识别关键词和哪个选项呼应。段落标题句一般短小精悍,一旦中心意思匹配,该选项即是答案。
段落主题句或结论句通常言简意赅,能够高度概括某段的大意或总结某段或全文的主要内容。考生应快速阅读整个段落,把握大意,选择能够体现整段主要意思或能够总结本段所讲内容的选项,最后还要带入原文检验是否与整篇文章的结构及大意相符。
答案
这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些和宠物建立亲密关系的方法。
1.G　考查过渡句。根据上文中的"many new pet owners can take a while to adjust with their pets and struggle to bond with them"可知,许多新养宠物的人需要一段时间来适应和他们的宠物相处,并努力与它们建立亲密的关系;根据下文中的"certain steps will help you get closer to your pet and eventually become its best friend"可知,一些步骤可以帮助你和你的宠物更亲近,并最终成为它最好的朋友。空处承上启下,说明你和宠物建立怎样的关系,G项"你和你毛茸茸的朋友之间有一个健康而有爱的关系是很重要的"符合语境,且G项中的"relationship"与上文中的"bond"相呼应,故选G。
2.A　考查结论句。根据上文可知,你要确保你的宠物和你待在一起并且玩得开心。本空为本段最后一句,应说明这一做法带来的结果,A项"假以时日,你们会形影不离"符合语境,故选A。
3.E　考查细节句。下文提到了"these activities",那么本空应与"这些活动"有关,E项"探索并找出最好的活动"符合语境,且与上文中的"know what type of play your pets enjoy"相呼应,故选E。
4.F　考查主题句。根据下文中的"Whether you're teaching them a simple command...well-behaved" 可知,本段主要介绍了训练宠物的相关内容,F项"大多数人忘记了训练宠物和教它们一些技巧是一种健康的方式"能概括本段的主旨,且F项中的"training"和"teaching"与下文中的"teaching"和"Training"相呼应,故选F。
5.B　考查细节句。根据上文中的"Training would also ease frustration...well-behaved"可知,训练还可以减轻失落感,它们会变得更听话、更守规矩。本空为本段最后一句,应承接上文,且根据生活常识可知,训练后一定要给宠物奖励。B项符合语境,故选B。
话题:艺术疗法　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约279
[2022广东深圳一调]Oscar Wilde once said, "Man is least himself when he talks in his own person. Give him a mask, and he will tell you the truth." Art provides a way to communicate experiences when people lack verbal skills. 　1　 Art therapy is founded on the assumption that everyone is creative and capable of self-expression.
2　 As a restorative practice, it allows people to express themselves in non-verbal ways, such as drawing and painting. Even a 45-minute creative activity can change a person's mental state. Working with an art therapist does even more. 　 3　
Young children typically draw and sing and dance without worrying about their abilities. Adults, however, often have complex feelings about art and art making. They begin to evaluate the quality of their art instead of focusing on self-expression itself. 　4　 However, art therapists can guide people in expressing themselves without worrying whether their artwork is technically brilliant, so that they can connect or reconnect with the artworks that help them deal with life challenges.
What are art therapists' super powers They can channel dangerous thoughts into imaginative artworks. For instance, people with violent tendencies might let out their anger by hitting another human being. 　5　 These artistic choices satisfy the brain's desire for novelty without compromising personal safety.
Passage 2
A.Art therapy is a double-edged sword.
B.Thus, many benefits of creative self-expression are lost.
C.They develop art as an expressive skill for solving problems.
D.But, obviously, releasing their anger in this way isn't a good choice.
E.Art therapy, in its own ways, can influence a range of human functioning.
F.It can significantly enhance positive moods and boost measures of well-being.
G.However, with art therapists' help, their energy could be changed into creative products.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术疗法的概念及其作用。
Passage 2
答案
【核心单词】　restorative adj. 恢复健康的,促使康复的 　typically adv. 一般;典型地 complex adj. 复杂的　evaluate v. 评估 　 technically adv. 在技术上,在技巧上　 novelty n. 新奇,新颖　 compromise v. 放弃(原则), 在……方面妥协; 使陷入危险;危及
【核心短语】 verbal skills 语言技能　 be founded on以……为基础 　 be capable of 有能力 let out 释放
【合成词】　non-verbal adj. 非语言的
【熟词新义】　channel 常用义:n. 频道;航道 文章义:v. 引导,贯注
He channels his aggression into sport. 他把他的好斗劲头倾注于体育比赛之中。
【难句分析】　However, art therapists can guide people in expressing themselves without worrying whether their artwork is technically brilliant, so that they can connect or reconnect with the artworks that help them deal with life challenges.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。whether引导从句作worrying的宾语,是一个宾语从句;so that引导结果状语从句,该从句中又含有一个定语从句,先行词是artworks,that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。
译文:但是,艺术治疗师能引导人们在无须担心自己的艺术作品是否技艺高超的情况下表达自己,这样他们就能与自己的艺术作品产生联系或重新联系,而这些作品能够帮助他们应对生活的挑战。
【高级句式】　Art therapy is founded on the assumption that everyone is creative and capable of self-expression.
　　 分析:本句中的that引导的是同位语从句。
1.C　考查过渡句。根据上文可知,当无法用语言表达自己的经历的时候人们可以使用艺术的形式来表达,故本句是在说明人们将艺术发展成了一种表达技巧,C项中的"They"指的是上文中的"people",且"expressive skill"与上文中的"lack verbal skills"相呼应。空后的"艺术疗法建立在每个人都有创造力和自我表达能力的假设上"也是对空处的承接。故选C。
2.E　考查主题句。根据下文可知,作为一种恢复健康的练习,艺术疗法使得人们可以用非语言的方式表达自己,比如绘画。此外,即使是45分钟的创造性活动也能改变一个人的精神状态。这说明艺术可以影响一系列的人类功能。故选E。
3.F　考查结论句。根据上文可知,即使是45分钟的创造性活动也能改变一个人的精神状态,与艺术治疗师一起活动甚至可以产生更大的影响。F项符合本段主题,且能够对上文进行总结,故选F。
4.B　考查过渡句。根据上文中的"They begin...instead of focusing on self-expression itself"可知,成年人往往评估自己的艺术质量,而不是关注自我表达本身,这样造成的结果就是创造性自我表达的许多优势就丢失了。B项承接上文,同时又与下文形成转折关系,故选B。
5.G　考查细节句。根据上文可知,艺术治疗师可以把危险的想法转化成富有想象力的艺术作品,接着举例说明有暴力倾向的人可能会通过打别人来发泄他们的愤怒。G项表述与上文构成转折关系,指出在艺术治疗师的帮助下,有暴力倾向的人将精力转化成有创造性的艺术作品,故选G。
话题:建立新的人际关系　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约331
[2022江苏南通一调]Every day, a lot of people move house. With newfound appreciation for space and air, it may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible. 　1　 Here's some expert advice on how to build a new community.
　 2 　
Ask people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which you are moving. The posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends' friends. It increases the chance that there's someone you will get along with.
Don't expect friends to magically appear.
　 3　 People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet other people and not assume that friends are just going to fall into their lives. As people become familiar to us, we like them more, and it's completely unconscious.
Be open to a broader range of people.
You have spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about, but the chances are you're not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly. When it comes to friendships, having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and well-being. But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us. 　 4　
Passage 3
Don't despair.
Remember to maintain pre-existing friendships, so that you're not feeling lonely and disconnected while developing new relationships.
5　 But people don't realize that if they put themselves out there, the process can go faster than they think. It really makes a difference if you're willing to attend different events; you can really change your social life.
A.Make a public appeal.
B.Put some work in before you move.
C.Quality is best, but quantity still does something.
D.It can take a long time to build up new friendships.
E.But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers.
F.It doesn't necessarily mean you made the wrong decision on the move.
G.We tend to think friendships happen naturally, but that's a huge misconception.
Passage 3
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了专家给出的关于如何在新社区与他人相识相知的建议,包括在搬家前通过朋友介绍结识新朋友和广泛结交社区的朋友等。
1.E　考查过渡句。根据上句可知,搬到新居让人们感觉到似乎要开始新的生活模式了;根据下句可知,下文介绍的是有关如何构建新的社区关系的专家建议。据此可以推知,空处与上文构成转折,说明社区中人们沟通的困难情况。故E项正确。
2.B　考查标题句。根据该空位置可知,该空为第二段的小标题;由第二段首句可知,建议让你了解的人将你介绍给新搬到的社区中的某个人;据此可知,该段主要建议在搬家前做好准备工作。
3.G　考查主题句。根据该段小标题可知,该段主要内容为"不要指望朋友会如魔法般出现";G项意为"我们倾向于认为友谊会自然地出现,但是那是一个巨大的误解",与小标题对应。
4.C　考查结论句。根据空处前两句可知,有好朋友固然有益于身心健康,但泛泛之交总体来说也对我们有好处。空处总结上文,说明质量固然重要,但数量也起作用。
5.D　考查细节句。根据上句可知,在结识新朋友的时候,要和老朋友保持联系,这样才不会孤独;D项中的"new friendships"与上句中的"new relationships"对应,说明结识新朋友要花很长时间,故D项符合语境。
答案
话题:建立自我价值感　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约334
[2022山东济宁一模]When Ken was in high school, he did well and had a strong sense of accomplishment. However, when he was in college, his grades were not so outstanding among academically gifted students much like himself, if not better. Often he felt depressed and withdrew from people and activities. 　 1　
The literature generally has found that many of us tend to let our self-worth be contingent (依情况而定的) upon external events (such as academics and physical attractiveness). 　2　 As a result, our feelings about ourselves can end up being in the hands of others.
Obviously, we all want to experience things that make us feel good. But when we have contingent self-worth, we might engage in activities that make us feel worthy while avoiding activities that make us feel unworthy. 　3　 Instead of working hard to meet our goals, we'll try to avoid failure. And if we do fail one day, we might abandon our goals, lose motivation, or make excuses to help ourselves feel better.
　 4　 If our self-worth is contingent upon being successful at work, we might only choose jobs that are easy. That way, we never fail and ensure that we always know that we are worthy. Or, maybe we only think we're worthy if we weigh less than 130 pounds. We might engage in unhealthy eating practices just to make sure that we feel good.
Passage 4
Self-worth is an important psychological construct that not only affects how we think about ourselves but also has an impact on our psychological health and functioning. So, give up the idea of seeking approval from others. 　 5　 Doing so reminds us to be fully aware of who we are.
A.That may pose potential dangers.
B.Unfortunately, he is no exception.
C.When our self-worth depends on those, it's unstable.
D.Let's cite some examples to further demonstrate that.
E.Let's dive into the cause to learn more about self-worth.
F.Actually, he's always been labeled as "other people's child".
G.Instead, learn to base your self-worth on internal contingencies like virtues and faith.
Passage 4
【核心单词】　academically adv. 学术上地;学业上地　 withdraw v. 退出　 external adj. 外界的,外来的　
pose v. 引起,产生　 cite v. 提及(原因),举出(示例)
【难句分析】　Self-worth is an important psychological construct that not only affects how we think about ourselves but also has an impact on our psychological health and functioning.
　　分析:本句是一个主从复合句,句中含有一个定语从句,先行词是construct,that引导该定语从句并在从句中作主语,从句中使用了"not only...but also..."结构连接两个并列的谓语动词。
译文:自我价值感是一个重要的心理构建,它不仅影响我们如何看待自己,而且对我们的心理健康和功能也有影响。
答案
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何建立正确的自我价值感。
1.B　考查过渡句。本段以Ken为例,介绍了他在高中的时候做得很好,但是在大学时期,他的成绩在像他一样有学术天赋的学生中并不突出,因此他感到沮丧,甚至远离人群和活动;根据第二段第一句话可知,许多人倾向于让我们的自我价值感取决于外部事件,由此说明Ken的情况并不是例外,是普遍存在的。B选项承上启下,符合语境,故选B。
2.C　考查细节句。根据上文可知,许多人倾向于让我们的自我价值感取决于外部事件;根据下文可知,因此,我们对自己的认同感可能最终掌握在别人手中。本句承接上文,说明让我们的自我价值感取决于外部事件的后果或影响,C选项符合语境,且C选项中"those"指代上文中的"external events",故选C。
3.A　考查细节句。根据第三段前两句话可知,显然,我们都想经历让我们感觉良好的事情。但当我们的自我价值感取决于外部事件时,我们可能会参与让我们感到有价值的活动,而避免让我们感到价值感缺失的活动;本空承接上文说明这一行为带来的结果,那就是"会带来潜在的危险",A选项符合语境,故选A。
4.D　考查主题句。本段主要通过一些例子来论证上文提到的"人们会参加让自己感到有价值的活动,而避免那些价值感缺失的活动",故D选项"让我们引用一些例子来进一步证明这一点"符合语境,故选D。
5.G　考查细节句。根据上文可知,自我价值感不仅影响我们如何看待自己,而且对我们的心理健康和功能也有影响。所以,应该放弃从外部获得认同感的想法,与之相反,应该学会把自我价值感建立在内在的偶发因素上,比如美德和信心,G选项符合语境,故选G。
话题:英语电影预告片　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约326
[2022河北邯郸一模]It has been shown that watching English movie trailers(预告片) can improve your English vocabulary and thinking skills. 　 1　
The first step is to find them. Go to a search website and do a search for something like "official trailers". Several film trailers will appear. 2 　 Animated films can be an especially good choice for English practice no matter how old you are. These films are usually humorous and relatable. To find animated films, try doing a search for something like "animated official trailers".
Make sure the video you choose offers closed captions(字幕), which you will use later. You can find the closed caption mark at the bottom of the video. It may be listed as "CC" or something else. Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on some video websites.　 3　
Next, watch the video at a normal speed without closed captions. Try to understand what the story is about overall. Then watch it again to seek more details. 　 4　 It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level.
　 5 Find the "CC" setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions. This can help you in several ways. You can confirm whether you understand the dialogue in your first viewing, make clearer any dialogue you do not understand, and connect the sound of words with their spellings. You can also write down a few of the new words in a notebook or on your mobile phone.
Passage 5
A.So choose newer videos.
B.You can choose some that look interesting.
C.They may sound a little strange at a slower speed.
D.With this method, you are testing your English skills.
E.Then watch the video again, this time with closed captions.
F.Besides, try using your notebook as you learn English in your everyday life.
G.Now let's talk about steps you can take to get the most out of watching them.
这是一篇说明文,介绍了如何通过看英语电影的预告片来提高英语水平。
1.G　考查过渡句。根据上文可知,看英语电影预告片可以扩大英语词汇量并改善思维能力,下文则介绍了具体的步骤,所以G项承上启下,故选G项。
Passage 5
答案
2.B　考查细节句。根据下文可知,不管你年龄多大,看动画电影都是练习英语的好选择,这些电影通常都很幽默,让人产生共鸣,因此B项"你可以选择一些看起来有趣的电影预告片"符合语境,故选B项。
3.A　考查细节句。本段首句为段落主题句,提出我们要选择带字幕的影片;再根据空前一句"Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on some video websites"可知,超过5或7年的预告片可能没有字幕,所以要选择新一点的视频,A项承接上文,故选A项。
4.D　考查细节句。根据空后的"It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level"可知,它会让你了解预告片中的对话对你的技能水平来说是太快还是太难,空处应与英语技能测试有关,D项"你可以用这种方法测试你的英语技能"符合语境,且D项中的"your English skills"与空后的"your skill level"相呼应,故选D项。
5.E　考查主题句。空处是段落主题句。上一段介绍的步骤是"以正常速度观看视频,不要看字幕",那么空处承接上文,介绍接下来的一个步骤;又根据下文的"Find the ‘CC’ setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions. This can help you in several ways"可知,找到在视频底部的‘CC’设置,并点击字幕,这可以在几个方面帮助你,由此可知,E项"然后再看一遍视频,这次关掉字幕"符合语境,故选E项。
话题:让自己行动起来　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约358
[2022山东青岛质检]How do you get yourself to take action now Here are some powerful suggestions.
Focus intensely on the positive things that your actions will accomplish. 　 1　 Whether it's something you're seeking to accomplish, or something you're seeking to be rid of, picture exactly how your life will be after the work is done. The more intensely you can imagine it, the better.
　 2 The only real reason you have for avoiding action is that you associate some kind of pain or discomfort with it. Therefore, it helps to associate something even more painful with not taking action. Instead of focusing on the relatively minor pain of taking action, focus on the major pain of not taking action.
　 3　 Think of all the reasons you can come up with for not taking action, and then destroy all those reasons with a single word — "BUT". Simply state the excuse, put the word "BUT" after it, and then finish the sentence. For example, "I've never done this before, BUT I can learn."Stick the word "BUT" in there, and challenge yourself to finish the sentence.
Take the first small step. Don't even concern yourself with committing to the whole project or course of action. Just do something very easy and very small. The point is to find a little momentum(动力). 　 4　 Then climb aboard the momentum train, and let it help you keep the effort going.
Passage 6
Make it fun. Realize that just about anything can be fun if you'll think of it as fun and enjoyable. Find a way to make something fun, and not only will you want to do it, you'll also be better at it. 　 5
A.You always choose what to do.
B.Lay all your excuses out on the table and deal with them.
C.In your mind, picture in great detail what your actions will bring you.
D.Whatever you must do to achieve success, find a way to enjoy it.
E.Focus on the negative things that will happen if you don't take action.
F.Getting started with your biggest task or most difficult action may seem too much.
G.Once you take that small action, let yourself fully enjoy how great it feels.
Passage 6
【核心单词】 discomfort n. 不适　relatively adv. 相当程度上,相当地,相对地　minor adj. 不严重的;较小的;次要的
【核心短语】　seek to do sth. 设法做某事　 be rid of 摆脱 　come up with 提出　 concern oneself with 关心;担心　 lay out 清晰谨慎地提出;铺开
【难句分析】 Whether it's something you're seeking to accomplish, or something you're seeking to be rid of, picture exactly how your life will be after the work is done.
分析:本句是一个主从复合句,"whether...or..."意为"不管……还是……",引导让步状语从句;"you're seeking to accomplish"和"you're seeking to be rid of"都是定语从句;主句是一个祈使句,"how your life will be"是宾语从句, "after the work is done"是时间状语从句。
译文:不管你是在努力完成一件事,还是在努力摆脱一件事,确切地想象一下在工作完成之后你的生活会是什么样子。
答案
本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些让读者采取行动的建议。
1.C　考查细节句。本段的首句是主题句。根据下文可知,不管你是在努力完成一件事,还是在努力摆脱一件事,想象一下工作完成后你的生活会怎样,说明本空是在建议人们:想象你的行动会给你带来什么结果。故选C项。
2.E　考查主题句。根据下文可知,你不愿行动的唯一的真正原因是你将行动与可能产生的痛苦或不适联系到了一起;与其把注意力放在采取行动产生的相对较轻的痛苦上,不如集中在不采取行动会带来的主要痛苦上,所以本段的建议是"把注意力集中在如果你不采取行动将会发生的消极的事情上",故选E项。
3.B　考查主题句。根据下文可知,本段主要是关于不愿采取行动的各种借口以及如何将借口转化为行动,所以主题句应该和借口相关,B项"把你所有的借口都摆出来,然后处理它们"符合语境,故选B项。
4.G　考查细节句。本段的主题是"迈出一小步"。根据上文可知,作者建议人们不要担心整个项目或者行动过程,而是应该从小事做起,从容易的事情做起,这样就能获得一点动力,而G选项承接上文,且该选项中的"that small action"与上文中的"something very easy and very small"相呼应。故选G项。
5.D　考查结论句。本段的主题是"让它变得有趣"。本段主要是在建议人们体验行动的乐趣,D选项"无论你必须做什么来获得成功,找到一种享受它的方式"符合语境。故选D项。
话题:正念饮食　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约303
[2022名师原创]Losing ourselves in the chaos of daily life has become a lot more common for so many people around the world. So people often ignore an important thing — healthy eating habits. 　 1　 In order to fight against these problems, we highly recommend mindful eating.
Eating with your non-dominant hand is a great way to stop you from overeating. As this isn't something the brain is used to, it'll force you to slow down and thus allow you to be a lot more conscious of the food you are eating.　 2　
It's so common for people to eat on the move between their busy schedules. 　 3　 Yet many of us still do it. Eating on the run and swallowing(咽下) food without chewing it well can result in indigestion. Chew each bite of food up to 30 times before swallowing.
When it comes to eating, you should give your undivided attention to the food you eat, which means you should turn off any electronic devices. 　 4　 Technological devices should not be a distraction(使人分心的事) from any mindful eating practices. So while eating, be sure the TV is off and keep away from your cellphone.
　 5　 Sometimes, you rush through the day and only eat when the opportunity arises. Always make sure you are on a chair while eating your meals; otherwise you are less likely to truly appreciate the food on your plate. One part of mindful eating is about doing nothing else while you're eating.
Passage 7
A.You should sit down and eat.
B.Don't multitask while eating.
C.This is never a good eating habit.
D.You're accustomed to eating while moving.
E.This tip applies to nearly everyone in this day and age.
F.It's also an effective way for those wanting to lose weight.
G.This can lead to weight gain and even physical and mental illness.
本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何做到正念饮食。
Passage 7
答案
【核心单词】　mindful adj.注意的,留心的　indigestion n.消化不良(症)
【核心短语】　be conscious of 意识到　on the move 在行进中,在移动中　rush through仓促处理
1.G　考查细节句。空前提到"因此人们经常忽视一件重要的事情——健康的饮食习惯",再结合空后的"these problems"可知,空处应提到忽视健康的饮食习惯导致的一些后果,故选G项"这会导致体重增加,甚至引发身体和心理疾病"。
2.F　考查细节句。本段讲述用不常用的手吃饭的好处——防止吃得过多,空处位于段尾,也应与其好处相关,故选F项"对于想减肥的人来说,这也是一种有效的方法"。
3.C　考查细节句。空前提到"人们在繁忙的行程中边走边吃东西是很常见的",空后提到"但我们中的很多人仍然这样做。匆忙进食且没有经过充分咀嚼就咽下食物会导致消化不良",故空处应是对空前做法的否定,故选C项"这绝不是一个好的饮食习惯"。
4.E　考查细节句。空前提到"吃饭的时候要关闭所有的电子设备",故E项"在当今这个时代,这条建议几乎适用于每一个人"符合语境。
5.A　考查主题句。空处位于段首,是段落主题句。根据下文中的"Always make sure you are on a chair while eating your meals"可知,本段主要讲述要坐着吃饭。故选A。
话题:忧郁的周一　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约323
[2022名师原创]Ask most people which day of the week they fear the most and the answer is likely to be Monday. The first day of the working week can make us depressed.　 1　
The most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it's cold and dark outside. This day was named "Blue Monday" by psychologist Cliff Arnall. Even if there was little science behind Blue Monday, it's probably true that the sound of our alarm clock on any Monday morning means the coming of a new working week and possibly the end of our weekend of fun. 　 2 　 It's what psychologists call an emotional shift, and no other part of the week has a transition(过渡) like it.
Apparently, Monday means the end of weekend lie-ins. 　 3 　 According to a website, "If you can't stand your job, then the Monday blues can be very real." And it can be especially difficult to start another seemingly endless workweek. Your case of the Mondays can have a negative impact on your performance, productivity and the people around you.
　 4 　 Feeling a bit low shouldn't be confused with more serious depression, caused by other factors. Claudia Hammond, an author and presenter, argues that this low feeling might be untrue. 　 5　 She mentions an Australian study of how people reflected on their mood and found the day that scored the lowest was in fact Wednesday. So, when Monday comes, maybe we should give it a second chance!
Passage 8
A.But is Monday as bad as we like to think it is
B.What exactly makes us feel down remains unknown.
C.Weekends are definitely happy days in all countries.
D.That's why the feeling is described as the Monday blues.
E.There is a strong cultural idea that we don't like Mondays.
F.Our Monday mood can be based on a direct comparison with the day before.
G.It's back to the routine and the realization that there are five days of working ahead.
Passage 8
答案
本文是说明文。说到最害怕一周中的哪一天,很多人的回答可能都是"周一"。是什么让周一变得令人忧郁 周一真的那么糟糕吗
1.D　考查细节句。空前讲到工作周的第一天会让我们沮丧,D项承接上文,解释了上文提到的现象。
2.F　考查细节句。空后讲到这就是心理学家所说的情绪转变,根据句子结构可知,空处的内容对应后面的It且与情绪的变化有关,故选F项"我们周一的心情可能会基于与前一天的直接比较"。
3.G　考查细节句。空前提到周一意味着周末的睡懒觉时光结束了,所以空处可能会与周一的开始有关,故选G项。It指代上文的"Monday"。
4.A　考查主题句。空后讲到不应该把感觉有点低落和更严重的抑郁相混淆,这种低落的感觉可能是不真实的,在澳大利亚人们最不喜欢的一天是周三,说明周一并不是那么糟糕。A项"但是周一真的像我们想的那样糟糕吗 "可引出本段内容,最后一句是对这一问题的回答。
5.E　考查细节句。空前提到这种低落的感觉可能不真实,空后说在澳大利亚人们最不喜欢的一天是周三,故空处应提到我们不喜欢周一与文化观念有关,故选E项。
文体1　说明文
话题:如何足智多谋　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约337
[2022广东广州一测]How does it feel when you solve a problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 　
1 They can also be anything else that's useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you're born with, and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They're thinking about how to solve the problem.
　 2　 When you learn to solve problems by yourself rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build your confidence, help you feel more independent and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 　
3　 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.

Passage 1
When you're facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happens and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 　 4　 Finally, review what has and hasn't worked, so you're equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you're unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help. 　5　 　 　
A.You also learn what you're good at.
B.Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C.These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D.No one is expected to solve all problems by himself.
E.Resourcefulness is a skill that's good for you in lots of ways.
F.They can be famous mottos that always inspire you to move on.
G.Weigh what's good and bad about each one and choose the best.　
Passage 1
答案
【核心单词】 resourceful adj.足智多谋的;机敏的　 tricky adj. 难办的　 boost v. 增强,使增长;使兴旺
1.C　考查细节句。根据空后一句中的"also""information, advice or your own experience"可知,此处应说一些不抽象的资源会是什么,C项"这些(资源)可能是像钢笔和纸之类的实用的东西"符合语境。
2.E　考查主题句。根据空处所在位置可以推断,空处可能为段落主旨句,再结合空后内容可知,本段主要讲足智多谋的好处,故选E项。
3.A　考查细节句。根据语境可知,此处也应描述足智多谋的益处,结合选项可知选A,且A项与空后的This相对应。
4.G　考查细节句。根据空前的"as many solutions to the problem as you can"和常识可知,此处应说接下来考虑每个解决方案的利弊并最终选出最好的。故选G。
5.D　考查细节句。空前提到如果你遇到了不能解决的棘手问题,你可以向信任的成年人求助。故D项(没有人被要求独立解决所有的问题)承接上句,解释向他人求助的原因。故选D。
本文主要介绍了足智多谋的益处以及在生活中如何做到足智多谋。

话题:应对气候变化　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约326
[2022湖北七市(州)调研]　 Three Things We Must Do to Tackle Climate Change
With world leaders meeting at the international climate change conference in Glasgow to discuss urgent global action to meet one of the greatest challenges, many people still don't know what must be done. 　 1　 However, the good news we get from the report is that it is not too late to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, if we respond rapidly and decisively. But how It comes down to the following three things.
Stop using fossil fuels gradually. 　 2　 That means no exploration, no new wells, mines, pipelines, or power plants. We already have a vast amount of fossil fuel infrastructure(基础设施), and it will take decades to end its use.
　 3　 Sun and wind are the fastest-growing new sources of energy we have. Their costs have fallen sharply, making them the least expensive options and encouraging the adoption of clean energy in more and more locations.
Protect the world's forests. Forests all over the world currently absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide our activities send out to the atmosphere. 　 4 　 And this must stop. To meet the planet's growing food needs, experts urge improved management practices on already-cleared land rather than clearing new land.

Passage 2
Finally, it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have. If so, we can take on the challenge as we would whatever the difficulty is. 　 5 The three actions we suggest are essential for success.
A.Boost the development of new technology.
B.Speed up the use of clean, renewable energy.
C.The alarming messages released urged us to change our lifestyle.
D.To achieve this, we must allow no new development of coal, oil and gas.
E.The "code red" report from the conference greatly shocked many people.
F.We are on a mission to save planet Earth, its people and its natural wonders.
G.Tropical (热带的) forests are especially at risk and still being cleared for agricultural uses.
Passage 2
答案
本文主要讲述了应对气候变化的三个建议。
1.E　考查细节句。根据空后的"However, the good news we get from the report"可知,空后提到了报告中的好消息,E项"这个会议的‘红色代码’报告让许多人大吃一惊"与会议提出的报告有关,且与空后一句构成转折关系,符合语境,故选E。
2.D　考查过渡句。空前一句"Stop using fossil fuels gradually"为本段主题句,说明了为了应对气候变化,我们要逐步停止使用化石燃料,D项中的"To achieve this"承接上文,且" coal, oil and gas"属于化石燃料;而"我们绝不允许开发新的煤炭、石油和天然气"也就意味着"没有新的油井、矿山、管道或发电厂",D项又引起下文,故选D。
3.B　考查主题句。根据空后的"Sun and wind are the fastest-growing new sources of energy we have"可知,日光和风力是我们拥有的增长最快的新能源,而太阳能和风能是清洁的可再生能源,因此B项"加快使用清洁的可再生能源"能够概括本段的主旨,故选B。
4.G　考查细节句。根据本段的主题句"Protect the world's forests"可知,本段介绍了保护森林的相关情况,G项内容与森林有关,且G项介绍了一种破坏森林的现象,与空后的"And this must stop"相衔接,故选G。
5.F　考查细节句。根据本段第一句话"Finally, it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have"可知,作者在最后号召大家携起手来保护我们唯一的家园,F项提出了我们的使命是拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇观,因此作者介绍的以上三个行动对成功至关重要,F项符合语境,故选F。
话题:缓解惊恐性障碍　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约304
[2022福建福州质检]If you have been diagnosed with panic disorder, then you have likely experienced constant fear and anxiety. Research has shown that using relaxation techniques can help reduce nervousness.
Some common techniques include breathing exercises or yoga. 　 1　 Another powerful one is visualization, which can help you relieve stress. It involves using mental imagery to achieve a more relaxed state of mind.
Similar to daydreaming, visualization is accomplished through the use of your imagination. There are reasons why visualization can help you cope with panic disorder or panic attacks. 　 2　 When experiencing a panic attack, you may focus on the worry, the worst things that can happen and other concerns that only add to your sense of fearfulness. Visualization works to expand your ability to relax by focusing your mind on more calming images.
Before visualization, make sure your environment is set up for your comfort. To better relax, get rid of any distractions (分心的事物), such as phones, pets or TV. 　 3　 Remove any heavy jewelry or restricting clothing. Get ready to relax by either sitting or lying down in a position that makes you feel the most comfortable. 4 Feel free to change it to better suit your needs and imagination.
Passage 3
5　 Through regular practice, you will more easily be able to use visualization when you really need it, such as when you start feeling the physical symptoms of panic and anxiety.
A.Take your time and slowly open your eyes.
B.Then you may begin your visualization exercise.
C.If the scene doesn't fit you, try your own visualization.
D.They are relatively easy to learn and can be practiced daily.
E.Consider how your thoughts wander when you feel panic or anxiety.
F.Try to find a quiet place where you will most likely be undisturbed.
G.To get better at visualization, try practicing at least several times a day.

Passage 3
答案
本文主要讲了缓解惊恐性障碍的方法——可视化(visualization)的注意事项。
1.D　考查细节句。结合空后一句"Another powerful one is visualization"可知,空处应该会承接上一句,上一句讲到了"常见的技巧包括呼吸练习或瑜伽",因此,空处应该是对这些练习的描述,故D项"它们相对容易学习,并且(你)可以每天练习"符合语境。
2.E　考查过渡句。空前一句讲到了"可视化可以帮助你应对惊恐性障碍或惊恐发作是有多种原因的",因此,空处应该会开始讲述原因,再结合空后的"当经历惊恐发作时,你可能会关注焦虑等"可知,E项"当你感到恐慌或焦虑的时候,想想你的思维是怎样游走的"能够引出下文,故E项符合语境。
3.F　考查细节句。根据本段的中心句即第一句可知,本段主要讲述了可视化练习之前应创建一个舒适的环境,且空前空后均讲到了创造舒适环境的措施,故F项"试着找一个你最不可能被打扰的安静之地"符合语境。
4.B　考查细节句。根据空前一句中的"Get ready to relax by either sitting or lying down in a position"可知,一切已经就绪,因此,空处应该会讲到你可以开始可视化练习了,故B项符合语境。
5.G　考查主题句。上一段讲到一切已经就绪可以开始可视化练习了,空后一句讲到"Through regular practice",因此,空处应该会讲到要多进行可视化练习,故G项符合语境。
话题:关于阅读的建议　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约319
[2022浙江杭州二模]Reading is essential but how can one choose the right books to read and where can one find them A few famous people may give you some helpful tips.
Read books from past eras.
　 1　 Otherwise, you'd be "completely dependent on the prejudices and fashions of your times", just as Albert Einstein put it. "Somebody who reads only newspapers and at best books of contemporary authors looks to me like an extremely near-sighted person who scorns(鄙视) eyeglasses, "he said.
　 2 (共231张PPT)
专题三 完形填空
考点1　语境语义
【考点突破】　完形填空对语境语义的考查体现在要求考生结合上下文内容和空处所在句子的意思选出合适的单词或短语。做这类题时,考生需要整体上把握文章内容,弄清文章的发展脉络和感情基调,明确句子与句子之间的关联,对空处所在句子的意思进行合乎逻辑的推断,从而选出最符合语境语义的答案。
话题:坚持写作　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约223
[2022江苏南京、盐城二模]After the publication of my first two books, I sent my publisher Summer of the Wolves. I’d written it with great passion, filled with 　 1　. But the publisher 　 2　 it. I sent it to two or three other publishers. The 　3　 results!
I thought this novel must be really bad and cried for three days. I 　4　 the novel. But I couldn’t stop 　 5　. In a few years, I focused on my skills and 　 6　 a few more with agencies.
One day, a 　7　 asked, "Do you have anything else " And yes, I did — Summer of the Wolves. "Send it to me," she said. So I did. A few weeks later, she 　8　 my rewriting it in the first person.It had been written in two voices in the third person. Therefore, that was a(n) 　 9　 amount of work to me. But I was willing to take the 　 10　. Two months later, she 　11　 me when it was published and asked me to write another one. I couldn’t believe 　 12　 was knocking at my door.
I am not a great talent, but I am a 　 13　 worker. I’ve published 11 novels but written 15. Will those other four ever 　14　 the light of day I hope so. I keep working and never give up. It is a 　 15　 not a short race.
1. A.strength B.confidence C.imagination D.gratitude
2. A.admired B.delayed C.accepted D.rejected
3.A.normal B.desired C.same D.satisfying
4. A.cut out B.burnt up C.tore apart D.put away
Cloze 1
注：属于本考点的试题用 突出标记。
5. A.thinking B.crying C.writing D.complaining
6. A.translated B.released C.edited D.revised
7. A.publisher B.follower C.reporter D.reader
8. A.excused B.allowed C.suggested D.appreciated
9. A.proper B.exact C.small D.fair
10. A.challenge B.reality C.risk D.credit
11. A.comforted B.congratulated C.instructed D.bothered
12. A.success B.wealth C.fame D.courage
13. A.clever B.hard C.fast D.strict
14. A.feel B.reflect C.see D.absorb
15. A.marathon B.lesson C.competition D.transformation
【熟词新义】　fair 常用义:adj. 合理的,恰当的;秉公办事的,公正的　文章义:adj. (数量、大小)相当大的
A fair number of people came along. 有相当多的人来了。
1.B　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"I’d written it with great passion"可知,作者在写这本书时怀着很大的热情,因此她自信满怀。strength"力量";confidence"自信";imagination"想象力";gratitude"感谢"。故选B。
2.D　考查语境语义。根据空前的"But"和下文中的" I sent it to two or three other publishers"可知,作者的稿子被出版商拒绝了。admire"羡慕";delay"延期";accept"接受";reject"拒绝接受"。 故选D。
3.C　考查逻辑推理。根据下文中的"I thought this novel must be really bad and cried for three days"可知,作者想着这本小说一定写得很糟糕,为此伤心地哭了三天,由此可推知,作者把这本书寄给另外两三个出版商,结果是一样的,都被拒绝了。故选C。
4.D　考查固定搭配。根据上文可知,作者写的这本小说接连被出版商拒绝,她为此伤心不已,同时根据下文中的"But I couldn’t stop 　5　"可知,但是作者并没有停止写作,由此可推知,作者把这本小说收了起来。cut out"删掉其内容";burn up"被烧毁";tear apart"撕碎";put away"将……收起"。故选D。
5.C　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"In a few years, I focused on my skills"可知,在几年内,作者专注于自己的技能,由此可知,作者并没有停止写作。故选C。
答案
这是一篇记叙文,主要讲了作者在书稿接连被拒后没有放弃,而是坚持写作,在一位出版商的建议下修改书稿,最终成功出版的故事。
6.B　考查语境语义。根据上文可知,作者并没有停止写作。在几年内,她专注于自己的技能,并与代理机构一起又发行了一些作品。translate"翻译";release"发行";edit"编辑";revise"修正"。故选B。
7.A　考查逻辑推理。根据下文中的"Do you have anything else "和"Send it to me"可推知,此处应是一位出版商在问作者。publisher"出版商";follower"追随者";reporter"记者";reader"读者"。故选A。
8.C　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,出版商可以对作者的书稿提出修改建议;根据下文中的"It had been written in two voices in the third person"可知,这本书作者原本是用第三人称写的,现在出版商建议作者改用第一人称来重写。excuse"原谅";allow"允许";suggest"建议";appreciate"感激"。故选C。
9.D　考查生活常识。这本书作者原本是用第三人称写的,现在要改成第一人称重写,根据生活常识可知,这无疑是相当大的工作量。proper"合适的";exact"确切的";small"小型的";fair"(数量、大小)相当大的"。故选D。
10.A　考查语境语义。根据上文可知,作者觉得工作量相当大,是一个挑战;又根据下文中的"when it was published"可知,这本书被出版了,由此说明,作者愿意接受挑战。challenge"挑战";reality"真实";risk"危险";credit"信用"。故选A。
11.B　考查生活常识。根据下文中的"when it was published"可知,作者的书被出版了,出版商应是祝贺作者。comfort"安慰";congratulate "祝贺";instruct"指示";bother"打扰"。故选B。
12.A　考查语境语义。根据上文可知,作者之前的那本书接连被出版商拒绝,作者因此把它收了起来,现在重写后的书被出版了,作者获得了成功,而且这个出版商还请作者再写一本,她不敢相信成功在敲她的门。success"成功";wealth"财富";fame"名誉";courage "勇气"。故选A。
13.B　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"I am not a great talent"可知,作者不是一个很有天赋的人;但根据转折连词"but"和下文中的"I’ve published 11 novels but written 15"可以看出,作者很努力。故选B。
14.C　考查固定搭配。根据上文中的"I’ve published 11 novels but written 15 "可知,作者共写了15本书,出版了11本,因此此处表示"其他4本书还能出版吗"。see the light of day为固定搭配,表示"问世,诞生,出版"。故选C。
15.A　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"I keep working and never give up"和下文中的"not a short race"可知,作者坚持写作,永不放弃,对作者来说写作是一场马拉松赛跑,而不是短跑比赛。marathon"马拉松赛跑";lesson"一节课";competition"比赛";transformation"变化"。故选A。
话题:拯救动物　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约245
[2022河北唐山一模]I have been volunteering for Tri County Wildlife Care (TCWC) for 7 years. The job is emotionally demanding, and even more 　 1　 for a migraine(偏头痛)sufferer. So why do I throw myself into it Because at the most difficult time in my 　 2 , saving wildlife saved me too.
I have had migraines for as long as I can remember. Sometimes it was a(n) 　 3　to attend school. I would have to put my head 　4　 my desk to reduce the pain. So I chose to study at home. But being disconnected from the rest of the world made me feel 　5　.
"I can’t 　 6　 this anymore!" When Mum came to get me from the clinic, I nearly 　7　.
Then on our way back home, I 　 8　 a fallen nest. Two baby birds lay on the ground. Were they still alive I 　9　closer. Thankfully, they were 　 10　! "You’re going to be okay," I said to the birds. "I promise."
The next day Mum and I 　11　 took them to a wildlife care center. For the first time in a long time, I felt helpful instead of helpless. It was as if the baby birds 　 12　 for me was stronger than my pain. I did find something 　 13　 to do.
Then I began volunteering for TCWC. Every time I hold a bird in my hands, I feel a sense of 　 14　, because it brings me so much 　15　 to help these homeless animals.
1. A.puzzling B.comforting C.challenging D.interesting
2. A.training B.work C.study D.life
3. A.honour B.adventure C.struggle D.commitment
Cloze 2
4. A.into B.against C.above D.over
5. A.useless B.clumsy C.shallow D.fearless
6. A.stand B.own C.follow D.support
7. A.threw up B.broke down C.set out D.turned back
8. A.took B.caught C.destroyed D.spotted
9. A.jumped B.drove C.walked D.flew
10. A.singing B.breathing C.recovering D.waiting
11. A.gratefully B.carefully C.modestly D.frequently
12. A.need B.lack C.search D.love
13. A.necessary B.creative C.normal D.meaningful
14. A.victory B.regret C.gratitude D.guilt
15. A.trust B.justice C.imagination D.joy
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在生命中最困难的时候,拯救动物的同时也拯救了自己。
答案
1.C　考查语境语义。根据上文的"The job is emotionally demanding"可知,这项工作对情绪要求很高,对偏头痛患者来说更具挑战性。puzzling"令人困惑的";comforting"安慰的";challenging"具有挑战性的";interesting"有趣的"。故选C。
2.D　考查语境语义。作者在生命中最困难的时候,拯救野生动物也拯救了自己。故选D。
3.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"I would have to put my head 　4　 my desk to reduce the pain"可知,作者偏头痛很严重,上学时要把头靠在桌子上才能减轻疼痛,所以上学有时对作者来说是一件难事。honour"荣誉";adventure"冒险";struggle"难事";commitment"承诺"。故选C。
4.B　考查生活常识。根据生活常识和下文的"to reduce the pain"可知,作者偏头痛很严重,他不得不把头靠在桌子上来缓解疼痛。against"紧靠,倚"符合语境,故选B。
5.A　考查生活常识。根据上文的"So I chose to study at home. But being disconnected from the rest of the world"可知,作者因为偏头痛而在家学习,这样他就与世界隔绝了;根据生活常识可推知,与世隔绝让作者觉得自己很没有用。useless"无用的";clumsy"笨拙的"; shallow"肤浅的";fearless"无畏的"。故选A。
6.A　考查语境语义。根据上文可知,作者偏头痛很严重,他因此在家学习,而与世隔绝的生活让他觉得自己很没有用,因此当作者的妈妈来接他离开诊所时,他几乎要失控痛哭,对妈妈说:"我再也受不了了!"。故选A。
7.B　考查固定搭配。参见上题解析。throw up"呕吐";break down"失控痛哭";set out"出发";turn back"折回,返回"。故选B。
8.D　考查语境语义。根据下文的"Two baby birds lay on the ground"可知,作者在回家的路上发现了一个掉落的鸟巢。spot"发现"符合语境,故选D。
9.C　考查生活常识。根据上文的"Were they still alive"和生活常识可知,作者想看它们是否还活着,所以走近一些去看,故选C。
10.B　考查语境语义。根据下文的"You’re going to be okay" "I promise"可知,小鸟还活着,它们还在呼吸,故选B。
11.B　考查逻辑推理。根据上文描述的作者的动作和话语可知,作者很疼惜这两只小鸟,因此他应是和妈妈小心翼翼地把它们带到一个野生动物保护中心。gratefully"感激地";carefully"小心地";modestly"谦虚地";frequently"频繁地"。故选B。
12.A　考查语境语义。根据上文的"For the first time in a long time, I felt helpful instead of helpless"可知,作者长久以来第一次感觉自己是有用的,而不是无助的,因为他感受到了两只小鸟对他的需要,这种感觉比他的疼痛更强烈。故选A。
13.D　考查语境语义。根据上文可知,严重的偏头痛让作者很痛苦,他也因此与世隔绝,这让他觉得自己很没有用,而救助这两只小鸟让作者感觉自己被需要,这种感觉比他的疼痛更强烈,作者因此找到了生活的意义。meaningful"有意义的"符合语境,故选D。
14.C　考查语境语义。根据上文的"I did find something 　13　 to do"可知,救助小鸟的经历让作者发现了一些有意义的事,即帮助无家可归的动物,所以每次作者把小鸟捧在手中的时候,他都感到一种感激之情。故选C。
15.D　考查逻辑推理。根据空后的"to help these homeless animals"可推知,帮助那些无家可归的动物带给作者的应是欢乐,故选D。
话题:公路探险　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约234
[2022广东揭阳与梅州丰顺县联考] There are many mysterious places in Pennsylvania! One of those is an old turnpike (收费高速公路)　 1　 for decades. My dad learned it was open to the public. 　2　, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to　 3　 this road!
My dad chose a 16-mile　 4　 of the road for us to ride. Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill! To 　5　, we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries. In the morning, we loaded our bikes into the car and set off. As we approached the tunnel, I felt　6　 as it was absolutely black inside! But Dad encouraged me. He said he would be beside me. He reminded me to stay　7　 and keep my light on!
When we　 8　 the tunnel, the sound of our bikes was heard through the darkness. I shone my flashlight around and saw walls　9　 with graffiti (涂鸦). And I felt like I was being 　10　! I was pretty scared, but 　11　 on following Dad helped me relax. After riding halfway through, I could see light coming from the other end!
Whenever going through 　 12　 in life, I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me. He turns on the light of hope in my 　 13　 as well as gives me　 14　 to keep riding through life’s　15　 tunnels.
1. A.designed B.destroyed C.abandoned D.locked
2. A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
3. A.explore B.construct C.protect D.repair
4. A.tunnel B.section C.block D.course
Cloze 3
5. A.participate B.register C.cooperate D.prepare
6. A.excited B.nervous C.annoyed D.exhausted
7. A.silent B.curious C.cautious D.positive
8. A.approached B.observed C.left D.entered
9. A.covered B.buried C.absorbed D.dressed
10. A.forced B.watched C.abused D.judged
11. A.depending B.surviving C.calling D.focusing
12. A.accidents B.hardships C.regulations D.incidents
13. A.chest B.trip C.work D.heart
14. A.courage B.pride C.excitement D.enthusiasm
15. A.tricky B.distant C.dark D.long
1.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"My dad learned it was open to the public. 　2　, when I was 14, we took a bike trip to 　3　 this road"可知,作者的爸爸知道这条收费高速公路是对公众开放的,并且当作者14岁的时候,他们骑自行车在这条公路上探险,由此可知,这条收费高速公路应该是废弃了几十年,故选C。
2.C　考查逻辑推理。这条收费高速公路废弃了几十年,并且是对公众开放的,因此作者和爸爸骑自行车在这条公路上探险。上下文之间是因果关系,前因后果,故选C。
3.A　考查语境语义。根据下文的"Part of it included...Sideling Hill""As we approached the tunnel, I felt...black inside""When we 　8　 the tunnel, the sound...saw walls 　9　 with graffiti (涂鸦)"等信息可知,作者和爸爸骑自行车去这条公路探险,故选A。
4.B　考查语境语义。根据下文的"Part of it included an old tunnel called Sideling Hill"可知,该路段包括一条古老的隧道,由此可知,爸爸选择了一段16英里的路,下文中的it指代的就是section。tunnel"隧道";section"部分,地段";block"街区";course"课程"。故选B。
5.D　考查生活常识。根据下文的"we checked our tires and made sure our lights had batteries"可知,他们检查了轮胎,确保灯有电池。根据生活常识可知,这些都是探险前的准备工作。participate"参与";register"登记";cooperate"合作";prepare"准备"。故选D。
6.B　考查逻辑推理。根据下文的"as it was absolutely black inside"可知,隧道里面一片漆黑,因此作者应该是非常紧张的。故选B。
7.C　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,隧道里面一片漆黑,爸爸就提醒作者要小心谨慎。故选C。
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者和爸爸的一次公路探险,这次探险让作者终身难忘。
8.D　考查语境语义。根据上文的"we approached the tunnel"可知,此处指进入隧道。approach"靠近";observe"观察";leave"离开";enter"进入"。故选D。
9.A　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,墙壁应是被涂鸦所"覆盖"。cover"覆盖";bury"埋葬";absorb"吸收";dress"穿衣服"。故选A。
10.B　考查生活常识。根据生活常识和下文的"I was pretty scared"可知,涂鸦多是表情夸张或面目狰狞的人物画像,因此作者感觉自己被墙上的涂鸦注视着,很害怕。force"强迫";watch"注视";abuse"虐待";judge"审判"。故选B。
11.D　考查固定搭配。根据空前的"I was pretty scared"和空后的"on following Dad helped me relax"可推断,作者很害怕,但是集中注意力跟着爸爸帮助作者放松了下来。focus on"集中注意力于",故选D。
12.B　考查语境语义。根据下文的"I remember this trip. It reminds me that my father is always beside me"可知,每当在生活中遇到困难时,作者都会想起这次旅行。accident"事故";hardship"艰难,困苦";regulation"规章";incident"事件"。故选B。
13.D　考查语境语义。根据空前的"the light of hope"可知,此处指"心中的希望之光"。故选D。
14.A　考查语境语义。根据上文的"But Dad encouraged me""　11　 on following Dad helped me relax"可知,在作者害怕时,是爸爸给了作者勇气,故选A。
15.C　考查复现信息。上文提到" black inside""through the darkness",此处是对"黑暗隧道"的升华,指的是"生活中的黑暗(dark)隧道",即"困难",故选C。
话题:好心人的帮助　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约281
[2022苏锡常镇一调]I was driving on the freeway when I saw a sign. It 　 1　 drivers that chains would be required to cross the mountain. It took me quite some time to get the chains on. When I got to a spot where it was no longer snowing, I took the chains off so I could drive at a(n) 　 2　 speed.
Suddenly, I 　3　 another snowy, icy patch in the road. My car spun out into a snowdrift. I thought of 　4　 some tree branches and placing them under my tires, but it was so cold outside that my hands weren’t working 　5　. I got inside the car and called American Automobile Association (AAA).
A Russian man came up to my window and said hello. Before I could say too much, he and his three sons were already 　 6　 to push my car. I got out of my car and 　 7　 them.
It was past midnight and they could have decided that AAA would 　 8　 the situation after our initial 　9　 failed. Yet, they stayed with me for nearly 45 minutes as we kept trying 　10　 things to get the car out of the snow, insistent that they wouldn’t leave until I was 　11　.
At first, I was a little 　12　 about being stuck in the freezing weather at such a late hour, but their cheerful attitude changed the whole 　 13　 and lifted my spirits.
After nearly 45 minutes of hard work when my car was finally free, they didn’t even 　 14　 around long enough for me to get their names. They just ran toward their truck, 　15　 a bit on the ice, and yelled back "Drive Slowly", like true smile heroes!
Cloze 4
1. A.warned B.encouraged C.promised D.taught
2. A.slow B.average C.normal D.top
3. A.missed out B.came upon C.looked for D.pulled off
4. A.removing B.burning C.destroying D.breaking
5. A.properly B.casually C.creatively D.comfortably
6. A.proposing B.continuing C.starting D.claiming
7. A.urged B.joined C.stopped D.left
8. A.handle B.improve C.revise D.clarify
9. A.preparations B.appeals C.impressions D.attempts
10. A.typical B.unique C.different D.difficult
11. A.approached B.forgiven C.protected D.freed
12. A.concerned B.disappointed C.awkward D.confused
13. A.analysis B.situation C.definition D.truth
14. A.play B.walk C.stick D.glance
15. A.moved B.recovered C.dashed D.slid
本文是一篇记叙文。"我"在山上驾车时被困在雪中,在打电话求救后的等待过程中偶遇了好心人。在他们的帮助下,"我"脱离了困境。
答案
【核心单词】　initial adj. 开始的;最初的　insistent adj. 坚持的;坚决要求的;再三的
1.A　考查语境语义。根据空后的"chains would be required to cross the mountain"可知,标牌上提醒司机说,穿越此山需要给车加防滑链。
2.C　考查语境语义。根据空前的"When I got to a spot...snowing, I took the chains off"可知,当到达不再下雪的地点时,"我"取下链条,让汽车以正常速度行驶。
3.B　考查固定搭配。根据空前的"Suddenly"和空后的"spun out into a snowdrift"可知,"我"突然遇到了另一个被雪覆盖的结冰的地方。come upon"偶然遇见"符合语境。miss out"错失,遗漏";pull off"做成,驶离(道路)"。
4.D　考查生活常识。根据空后的"some tree branches...tires"并结合常识可知,"我"想折断一些树枝,垫到轮胎下面。
5.A　考查逻辑推理。根据空前的"it was so cold outside"可知,由于外面太寒冷,"我"的手无法正常活动。
6.C　考查语境语义。根据空前的"were already"和语境可知,"我"还没来得及说太多,他和他的三个儿子已经开始推"我"的汽车了。
7.B　考查语境语义。根据空前的"got out of my car"和语境可知,"我"从汽车中出来,加入他们当中。
8.A　考查语境语义。根据语境可知,已经过了午夜,他们本可以决定让美国汽车协会来处理这种情况。
9.D　考查逻辑推理。根据空后的"kept trying"可知,最初的尝试都失败了。
10.C　考查生活常识。根据空后的"to get the car out of the snow",并结合常识可知,为了让汽车从雪里出来,我们不断尝试不同的方法。
11.D　考查逻辑推理。根据最后一段第一句中的"free"再结合该句语境可知,他们坚持不离开,直到"我"脱身。
12.A　考查生活常识。根据空后的"being stuck in the freezing weather at such a late hour",再结合常识可知,开始时"我"还有点担心这么晚了还困在寒冷的天气里。
13.B　考查语境语义。根据空前的"cheerful attitude"和语境可知,他们乐观的态度改变了整个局面,并振奋了"我"的情绪。
14.C　考查语境语义。根据空后的"long enough for me to get their names"可知,经过近45分钟的辛苦工作,"我"的车终于重获自由,但他们没待多久,甚至没等"我"知道他们的名字。
【易错点拨】　该处考查了短语stick around的意思,表示"不走开,待在原地"。考生会因为不知道该短语的意思而选错答案。
15.D　考查生活常识。根据空后的"on the ice",再结合常识可知,他们只是跑向自己的卡车,在冰上滑了一下。
话题:偶遇海豹　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约244
[2022广东汕尾调研]One day Gary and his partner were diving in the sea when two Atlantic seals appeared out of nowhere and took them by surprise.
The two divers were well-trained and had been taught not to 　1　 animals in their natural habitat, so they tried to stay as 　2　 as possible. However, the seals were so curious and playful that they began 　 3　 them slowly. Gary realized this would be a 　 4　 chance, so he took his camera out and 　 5　 what could happen next.
It seemed like a 　6　 at the time. The seals swam closer and closer and Gary and his partner 　 7　 the seals were just babies! The two divers could not believe their eyes, nor would they miss out this once-in-a-lifetime 　8　. To keep on filming, they stayed calm and gentle in order not to 　 9　 the baby seals away. Luckily, the seals didn’t leave but started going around the divers, 　10　 they wanted to make friends with them. One of the seals held out its flippers (鳍肢) and shook "　 11　" with the divers, who could 　 12　 believe what was happening to them.
The record of the whole scene went viral and became very 　 13　 on the Internet. Gary hopes to convey a clear 　 14　 that the underwater world is beautiful and impressive, but at the same time it suffers from pollution and 　 15　. When you see these photos and videos, could you tolerate someone wanting to destroy it
1. A.hunt B.disturb C.raise D.observe
2. A.positive B.independent C.silent D.still
Cloze 5
3. A.dragging B.chasing C.approaching D.touching
4. A.dangerous B.wonderful C.frightening D.simple
5. A.recorded B.announced C.discussed D.imagined
6. A.fact B.condition C.truth D.miracle
7. A.noticed B.expected C.remembered D.doubted
8. A.choice B.accident C.opportunity D.secret
9. A.block B.catch C.scare D.wake
10. A.even though B.as if C.so that D.ever since
11. A.signals B.tails C.notes D.hands
12. A.actually B.quickly C.hardly D.gradually
13. A.ordinary B.important C.specific D.popular
14. A.belief B.tradition C.religion D.custom
15. A.experiment B.destruction C.failure D.adventure
本文是一篇记叙文。Gary和同伴潜水时,意外遇到两只海豹幼崽,他们小心翼翼地记录了与小海豹们互动的画面,视频上传至网络后大受欢迎,他们借此呼吁人们保护海洋。
答案
【核心单词】　convey v.表达,传递;传送
【核心短语】　out of nowhere 突然发生;突然出现　take sb. by surprise 使某人惊诧,出乎某人意料　hold out 伸出手(或胳膊);坚持,维持
【合成词】　well-trained adj. 训练有素的　once-in-a-lifetime adj. 一生一次的,千载难逢的
【词缀变形】　nature n. 大自然,自然界→natural adj. 天然的;自然的　impress v.给……留下深刻的好印象→impressive adj. 令人赞叹的,令人敬佩的
1.B　考查生活常识。根据本句中的"well-trained and had been taught not to"和生活常识可知,两位潜水员受过良好的训练,不会去打扰在自然栖息地的动物,因此他们在水里尽可能地保持不动的姿势,故选B。
2.D　考查生活常识。参见上题解析,故选D。still"静止不动的"。
3.C　考查语境语义。根据本句中的"so curious and playful"和下文中的"The seals swam closer and closer"可知,两只海豹对两位潜水员很好奇,竟然开始慢慢向潜水员靠近。C项"approaching"符合语境。
4.B　考查语境语义。根据句中的"so he took his camera out"可知,Gary意识到这是个极好的机会,所以他拿出了摄像机,故选B。
5.A　考查语境语义。Gary拿出摄像机,是想记录接下来会发生的事情,故选A。下文中的"The record of the whole scene"也是提示。
6.D　考查逻辑推理。根据下文中的"The two divers could not believe their eyes, nor would they miss out this once-in-a-lifetime 　8　"可知,对两位潜水员来说,这似乎是个奇迹。D项"miracle"符合语境,故选D。
7.A　考查语境语义。空前的"The seals swam closer and closer"和空后的"the seals were just babies"可知,随着两只海豹慢慢地靠近,Gary和同伴发现这两只竟然是海豹幼崽,故选A。
8.C　考查复现信息。 "nor would they miss out this once-in-a-lifetime 　8　"与上文中的"Gary realized this would be a 　4　 chance"相呼应,本空与"chance"是同义词复现,此处表示"千载难逢的机会",故选C。
9.C　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"they stayed calm and gentle"可知,为了能继续拍摄,他们俩小心翼翼,生怕把两只小海豹吓跑,故选C。scare"把……吓跑"。
10.B　考查逻辑推理。根据上文可知,两只小海豹并没有离开,而是开始围着两位潜水员转,它们的行为好像是想和潜水员们交朋友,故选B。
11.D　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"One of the seals held out its flippers (鳍肢) and shook"可知,一只小海豹伸出鳍肢和潜水员们"握手"。shake hands意为"握手",故选D。
12.C　考查语境语义。根据上文描述的两只小海豹的行为可知,两只小海豹的热情互动让潜水员们几乎不敢相信,故选C。
13.D　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"The record of the whole scene went viral"可知,整个场景的录像在网上迅速传播,大受欢迎。D项与空前的"went viral"(迅速传播)相呼应,故选D。
14.A　考查语境语义。根据空后的"that the underwater world is beautiful and impressive...destroy it"可知,Gary希望借着视频的走红,传达一个清晰的看法:海底世界是美丽而且壮观的,同时它也遭受了污染和破坏。当你看到这些照片和视频时,你怎么能够忍受有人想要破坏它呢 故选A。
15.B　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"could you tolerate someone wanting to destroy it"可知,空处以及"pollution"都与"destroy"相呼应,故选B。
话题:重返校园　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约244
[2022江苏南通一调]After ten years in the same company, I found my job was no longer fun. However, I didn’t have the confidence to apply for new jobs due to lack of experience. I felt 　 1　.
A friend suggested another path — 　 2　. I had toyed with the idea of studying for a master’s degree but 　3　 stood in my way. Yet I found a course at London College of Communication, 　 4　 my job and enrolled(注册).
During the 18 months that followed, I began to flourish (茁壮成长). Not only had I found the courage to take my 　 5　 forward in a new, exciting direction, but the self-doubt that had followed me around like a 　 6　 began to disappear gradually. My classmates and I treated each other as 　 7　: younger students 　 8　 my experience and knowledge when it came to group work. I made new friends and joined committees.
I also decided to move out of home. Living in students halls was a(n) 　 9　. The halls life added to my sense of 　 10　 and, with it, confidence. I was 　 11　 new things every day. Even making myself a meal or 　 12　 my small living space felt rewarding.
Soon after completing my master’s, I made my way back through the university gates — this time to 　 13　. I am now a lecturer on the same course that I took. I 　14　 the person I was before and smile — she didn’t yet know her 　 15　.
1. A.guilty B.stuck C.relieved D.shallow
2. A.communication B.management C.education D.employment
3. A.self-doubt B.poverty C.health D.marriage
Cloze 6
4. A.lost B.did C.quit D.switched
5. A.wealth B.interest C.belief D.life
6. A.shadow B.fire C.dream D.rainbow
7. A.opponents B.equals C.strangers D.servants
8. A.valued B.questioned C.ignored D.polished
9. A.embarrassment B.experience C.mess D.failure
10. A.freedom B.safety C.justice D.independence
11. A.copying B.missing C.learning D.ordering
12. A.expanding B.occupying C.deserting D.managing
13. A.visit B.teach C.exercise D.interview
14. A.look back on B.keep away from C.catch up with D.hold on to
15. A.image B.worth C.duty D.career
本文是记叙文。作者因为十年待在同一个公司而感到自己陷入了困境,所以在朋友的建议下重返校园并进行学习,最终获得了不一样的收获。当作者成为一名讲师时再回忆当时的自己,感慨万千。
答案
1.B　考查语境语义。 我觉得我的工作不能使我快乐,但我因为缺少经验而没有信心申请新的工作,我感觉陷入了困境。stuck"无法摆脱困境的",故选项B正确。
2.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"studying for a master’s degree"和"I found a course at London College of Communication"可知,朋友建议的另一条路是"education",故选项C正确。
3.A　考查复现信息。根据下文提到的"but the self-doubt that had followed me...disappear gradually"可以推断这一空填的是self-doubt,故选项A正确。
4.C　考查语境语义。我辞去了我的工作,并注册入学了。quit"辞职",故选项C正确。
5.D　考查语境语义。我有了勇气使我的生活往一个新的、令人振奋的方向前进,故选项D正确。
6.A　考查语境语义。自我怀疑像是一个影子围绕着我。shadow"影子";fire"火焰";dream"梦想";rainbow"彩虹"。故选项A正确。
7.B　考查语境语义。根据空后的"younger students...friends"可知,在小组合作时,年轻的学生珍视我的经验和知识,而我交到了新朋友,由此推知,我的同学们和我都是以平等的身份对待对方。opponent"竞争对手";equal"同等的人";stranger"陌生人";servant"仆人"。故选项B正确。
8.A　考查语境语义。参见上题解析。value"珍视";question"怀疑";ignore"忽视";polish"润色"。故选项A正确。
9.B　考查语境语义。我决定搬出我的家,因为住在学生宿舍是一种经历(experience)。embarrassment"难堪的事";mess"混乱";failure"失败"。故选项B正确。
10.D　考查语境语义。这种生活增加了我的独立(independence)意识。freedom"自由";safety"安全";justice"公正"。故选项D正确。
11.C　考查语境语义。我每天都在学习(learning)新的东西。copy"仿效";miss"错过";order"安排"。故选项C正确。
12.D　考查语境语义。甚至给我自己做一顿饭或是打理(managing)我小的居住地都是有收获的。expand"扩大";occupy"占据";desert"遗弃"。故选项D正确。
13.B　考查语境语义。根据下文的"I am now a lecturer"可知,我这次回学校是作为讲师去教书(teach),故选项B正确。
14.A　考查固定搭配。 我回忆(look back on)那个曾经的我并笑了。keep away from"远离";catch up with"赶上";hold on to"坚持下去"。故选项A正确。
15.B　考查语境语义。她当时不知自己的价值,故选项B正确。
考点2　逻辑推理
【考点突破】　完形填空对逻辑推理的考查主要体现在对行文逻辑的考查,是为了进一步考查考生对文章大意的正确理解和思维能力。考生可以采用语义关联法或根据逻辑关系标志词来解答此类试题。运用语义关联法时,考生需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的连贯性。根据逻辑关系标志词进行解题时,要从逻辑关系的角度把握整体,考生可以通过明显的表示逻辑关系的标志词,把答案的逻辑意义推理出来。常见的逻辑关系标志词有:①表示转折、对比的however,while等;②表示因果、目的的therefore,since,so,in order to等;③表示递进的besides,what’s more等;④表示时间的before,after,when等;⑤表示"平行结构"的and,or,as well as等。
话题:保护红树林　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约253
[2022山东泰安一模]Tima Abudhi is a 55-year-old mother of five. When growing up, she remembers watching a lot of mangroves(红树) 　1　 at the mangrove forests around her village on Pate Island, on Kenya’s east coast, to build houses or to sell as wood.
As the mangroves 　 2　, so did the fish that live among their roots — a 　3　 for the fishing village of Kizingitini. The threat to their livelihoods and homes 　4　 Abudhi and other women to start replanting the mangroves, often spending all day at the 　5　, taking time away from caring for their families and 　 6　 their small business. Protecting the mangroves over the past few decades has 　 7　 their incomes, but they felt it was a matter of urgency, Abudhi said.
"Replanting the mangroves is not 　 8　. We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings(幼苗) and then come to the beach and plant them until evening, just before the tides 　9　 again. We couldn’t make 　10　 time for our businesses," she said. Today, the women of Kizingitini no longer have to 　 11　 to both make a living and conserve the mangroves, thanks to a loan scheme(方案) that helps them keep food on the table so they can 　12　 to continue planting. "This has led to increased 　 13　 of women in conservation and community development, as well as reduced 　14　 inequality," said Abudhi.
Mangrove forests can 　 15　 flooding, and are considered a key to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters.
1. A.cut away B.plant out C.set up D.got together

Cloze 1
2. A.moved B.disappeared C.died D.rose
3. A.contribution B.choice C.disaster D.chance
4. A.encouraged B.motivated C.forbade D.persuaded
5. A.neighbor B.community C.beach D.village
6. A.selling B.assessing C.closing D.running
7. A.increased B.gained C.produced D.decreased
8. A.difficult B.easy C.worthwhile D.suitable
9. A.return B.calm C.withdraw D.remove
10. A.hard B.enough C.long D.cheap
11. A.struggle B.stop C.prepare D.determine
12. A.attempt B.witness C.afford D.refuse
13. A.unemployment B.resignation C.participation D.ignorance
14. A.gender B.wealth C.income D.age
15. A.cancel B.keep C.accelerate D.slow
1.A　考查固定搭配。根据本句中的"at the mangrove forests around her village"与"to build houses or to sell as wood"可知,Tima Abudhi自幼都记得看见很多红树林中的树木被砍伐(cut away),目的是盖房子或当做木材出售。
2.B　考查逻辑推理。根据第一段第二句中的"to build houses or to sell as wood"可知,由于被砍伐,很多红树已经不见(disappeared)了。
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Tima Abudhi在看到红树林被砍伐给村民们的生计和家庭带来了威胁之后,与一群女性在海边种树的故事。
【核心短语】　grow up 成长　care for 照顾　over the past few decades 在过去的几十年里　a matter of urgency 紧急情况　make a living 谋生　thanks to 幸亏;由于　as well as 和;而且 protect...against... 保护……免受……
【合成词】　income n. 收入
【易错点拨】　有的考生会误选C项,但是die"死亡"是自然行为,而这些树由于被砍伐而消失是人为造成的。
3.C　考查语境语义。根据本句中的"so did the fish that live among their roots"和下一句中的"threat to their livelihoods and homes"可知,鱼的消失对这个渔村来说就是一种灾难(disaster)。contribution"贡献";choice"选择";chance"机会"。
4.B　考查语境语义。根据本句中的"The threat to their livelihoods and homes"可知,砍伐红树林给他们的生计和家庭带来的威胁促使(motivated) Abudhi决定和其他女性一起再种植红树。motivate意为"激发,促动",强调让某人想要完成某事或为了某事让某人愿意努力工作,符合语境。而encourage意为"鼓励",强调给某人勇气或信心做某事;forbid"禁止";persuade"说服"。
5.C　考查复现信息。根据第一段第二句中的"at the mangrove forests around her village on Pate Island, on Kenya’s east coast"可知,她们住在沿海地区,所以是在海滨(beach)种树。第三段第二句中的"come to the beach"也是线索。
6.D　考查逻辑推理。根据本句话中的"caring for their families"可知,这些女性本应照顾家庭和经营(running)她们的小生意,但是她们抽出时间去种植红树。sell"售卖";assess"评估";close"关闭"。
7.D　考查逻辑推理。根据上一句话的"taking time away from caring for...business"可知,她们花时间去种树,造成了收入减少(decreased)。increase"增加";gain"获得";produce"产生"。
8.B　考查逻辑推理。根据下一句中的"have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings(幼苗) and then come to the beach and plant them until evening"可知,为了种树她们要早起晚归,说明种树并不是一件容易的(easy)事。difficult"困难的";worthwhile"值得的";suitable"合适的"。
9.A　考查生活常识。根据本句中的"plant them until evening"和生活常识可知,她们要在涨潮之前,也就是潮水回来(return)之前完成。calm"使镇静";withdraw"撤回";remove"去除"。
10.B　考查语境语义。根据第三段第二句中的"go early in the morning to get the seedlings(幼苗) and then come to the beach and plant them until evening"可知,她们要花较多的时间种树,所以就没有足够的(enough)时间去经营自己的小生意。
11.A　考查逻辑推理。根据本句中的"thanks to a loan scheme (方案) that helps them keep food on the table"可知,贷款方案帮助她们有饭吃,这让她们没有必要再艰难地一边谋生一边保护红树林。struggle"奋斗,拼搏",符合语境。stop"停止";prepare"准备";determine"决定"。
12.C　考查语境语义。根据本句中的"thanks to a loan scheme (方案) that helps them keep food on the table"可知,她们有了贷款方案的帮助之后能(afford)继续植树。attempt"尝试";witness"见证";refuse"拒绝"。
13.C　考查逻辑推理。根据上一句可知,在有了贷款方案的帮助之后,更多的女性参与(participation)到保护和社区发展中来。unemployment"失业";resignation"辞职";ignorance"无知"。
14.A　考查生活常识。根据上文可知,这些活动都是由Abudhi和一群女性完成的,她们的付出在很大程度上改变了环境,这无形中提高了女性的社会地位,缩小了性别(gender)不平等的差距。
15.D　考查逻辑推理。根据本句中的"to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters"可知,红树林能减缓(slow)洪水,有助于控制气候变化和保护人们免受与全球变暖有关的灾难。
话题:读书有感　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约276
[2022广东佛山一检] Many people, whose lives are filled with one fortunate event after another, don’t understand how the other half, the 　1　 half, lives. Luis J. Rodriguez in his autobiography, Always Running, brings the 　2　 into his world with in-depth descriptions of his 　3　.
After moving from Mexico to America at the age of two, Rodriguez 　4　 on the streets of Los Angeles. His youth is filled with drugs, gang violence, and racism against Mexicans. By his late teens, Rodriguez has already 　 5　 it all, and is trying to get away from it. As Rodriguez took me through his life, I experienced many 　6　 : hatred as he describes the police; fear during gang wars; 　 7　 when he makes a difference in his community.
Rodriguez’s intention of telling his story is to help others avoid the pain and suffering he experienced, and to show kids they can 　8　 that type of life. Because that’s not a life I’ve ever known, the book didn’t have that 　9　 on me, but I was able to understand his difficulties.
Rodriguez 　10　 sees a chance to leave and tries to bring his friends with him. 　 11　 for them, leaving that life is like deserting their family, and they are still 　 12　 to get out of pain.
Reading this book is like a wake-up call: You see how 　 13　 others’lives are and feel extremely lucky for what you have. His 　14　 is that it’s always possible to extricate (解救) yourself.
When Rodriguez is 16, he realizes gang wars, racism, and hatred must stop. If the world were able to 　15　 this, future generations wouldn’t have to live that kind of life.
Cloze 2
1. A.unlucky B.brave C.homeless D.poor
2. A.runner B.reader C.victim D.friend
3. A.youth B.country C.family D.change
4. A.runs business B.goes shopping C.looks around D.grows up
5. A.done B.defeated C.experienced D.described
6. A.struggles B.pains C.emotions D.wonders
7. A.pride B.gratitude C.disbelief D.uncertainty
8. A.treasure B.rebuild C.sacrifice D.escape
9. A.value B.effect C.stress D.control
10. A.instantly B.probably C.eventually D.effortlessly
11. A.Uninterestingly B.Unfortunately C.Amazingly D.Naturally
12. A.likely B.ready C.unwilling D.unable
13. A.different B.meaningless C.plain D.adventurous
14. A.promise B.achievement C.message D.story
15. A.study B.recognize C.predict D.reserve
1.A　考查语境语义。根据上文的"Many people, whose lives are filled with one fortunate event after another...the other half"可知,很多人的生活好事连连,他们是幸运者,他们不了解不幸运的人是如何生活的。"the other half"指的是"the unlucky half",所以选A。
2.B　考查生活常识。Rodriguez通过他写的自传把读者带入他的世界,所以选B。
3.A　考查语境语义。从第二段的描述可知,Rodriguez的自传是对自己年轻时的生活的描述,所以选A。
4.D　考查固定搭配。根据上文中的"After moving...at the age of two"和下文的"His youth"可知,Rodriguez两岁时从墨西哥搬到美国后,在洛杉矶的街头长大。
5.C　考查逻辑推理。根据下文的"is trying to get away from it"中的it指的是充满毒品、帮派暴力和种族歧视的生活,他努力摆脱这样的生活说明他十八九岁时经历过这些,所以C项"经历"符合语境。
答案
本文是一篇记叙文。Luis J. Rodriguez在他的自传Always Running中深入描述了自己年轻时的经历,帮助读者了解不同的人生经历。
【核心单词】　racism n. 种族歧视　hatred n. 仇恨,憎恨　desert v. 抛弃
【核心短语】　be filled with 充满　get away from 摆脱……　make a difference 有作用,有影响;做重要的事　wake-up call 让人警醒的事
【合成词】　in-depth adj. 彻底的,深入详尽的
【词缀变形】　fortunate adj. 幸运的→unfortunate adj. 不幸的;令人遗憾的→unfortunately adv. 不幸地,遗憾地
6.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"hatred as he describes the police; fear during gang wars"可知,作者在阅读Rodriguez的自传时感受到许多情感(emotions),所以选C。
7.A　考查逻辑推理。当Rodriguez能在社区做点重要的事时,他应该感到很"自豪",所以选A。
8.D　考查复现信息。Rodriguez在自传中讲述他的经历是想帮助其他人避免这样的痛苦,避免经历他所经历的事情,并且想让孩子们知道他们可以避开这样的生活。D项"escape"和上文的avoid属于同义词复现,故选D。
9.B　考查语境语义。因为自传中描述的不是作者熟悉的生活,所以这本书对作者没有多大的影响(effect),所以选B。
10.C　考查语境语义。从第二段的" is trying to get away from it"和空后的"sees a chance to leave...with him"可知,Rodriguez年轻时一直努力摆脱这样的生活,他终于(eventually)发现了离开这种生活的机会并想带朋友们一起离开。
11.B　考查逻辑推理。根据空后的"leaving that life is like deserting their family, and they are still 　12　 to get out of pain"可知,离开那种生活就像抛弃他们的家庭,这对他们来说是不幸的,是痛苦的,他们依旧不能(unable)摆脱痛苦。unfortunately"不幸地"符合语境。
12.D　考查逻辑推理。参见上题解析,所以选D。
13.A　考查逻辑推理。根据上文的"Because that’s not a life I’ve ever known"和下文的"feel extremely lucky for what you have"可知,Rodriguez所描述的生活和作者以及其他读者所经历的生活是不一样的(different),通过阅读这本自传,读者能够看到其他人的生活是怎样的,并且感受到拥有现在的生活是多么幸运。
14.C　考查语境语义。根据上文的"Rodriguez’s intention...that type of life"可知,Rodriguez想表达的主题思想(message)是要拯救自己。
15.B　考查语境语义。如果世人能够意识到(recognize)这一点,子孙后代们就不会再过这样的生活。空后的this指的是上文的"gang wars, racism, and hatred must stop"。
话题:寒冬送温暖　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约247
[2022福建漳州一检] I was on my way home when I saw two old men sitting and talking in the sun near the bus stand. What struck me about them was not their position, but rather their clothes. Both were wearing 　 1　 clothes. One had on broken sandals (凉鞋) and the other was 　2　 with bare feet.
Recently, I’ve been 　3　 chances to serve, but without luck. So my clothing stash (贮藏) kept 　4　 . And I thought I need to find these items an appropriate new home 　5　.
The men were absorbed in 　6　 and did not pay attention to me as I 　7　 closer to hear their words.
"Luckily, the sun shines in the day and offers some heat in the cold, but how can we 　8　 the night I wish my blanket were thicker, offering more 　9　."
Knowing that they would 　 10　 for a while, I went to my clothing stash and quickly got two 　 11　.
Again, they did not see me approach. "Here you go, uncles. It’s cold these days. These might be 　12　 to you."
Words can’t describe the 　 13　 on their faces as I handed the items to the men. "Son, you are so kind. We were just talking about how we are going to face the cold at night and you 　14　 with these. Thank you very much."
"It’s a pleasure. I’m happy to give you my 　 15　." We all smiled from the bottom of our hearts.
1. A.thick B.old C.fancy D.clean
2. A.smiling B.jumping C.trembling D.waving
Cloze 3　
3. A.missing B.creating C.seeking D.seizing
4. A.changing B.moving C.declining D.expanding
5. A.urgently B.gradually C.permanently D.constantly
6. A.work B.game C.conversation D.thought
7. A.bowed B.inched C.rushed D.drove
8. A.deal with B.struggle for C.take advantage of D.break away from
9. A.consideration B.security C.space D.protection
10. A.hesitate B.wander C.argue D.stay
11. A.shoes B.pillows C.quilts D.shirts
12. A.worthwhile B.useful C.adoptable D.precious
13. A.surprise B.mercy C.puzzlement D.fright
14. A.escaped B.survived C.succeeded D.appeared
15. A.help B.call C.letter D.question
本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者在回家的路上,看到两个老人在寒冬中衣衫单薄,于是他主动提供帮助,给两个老人送去温暖的故事。
答案
1.B　考查逻辑推理。 根据下文中的"One had on broken sandals (凉鞋) and the other was 　2　 with bare feet"和" We were just talking about how we are going to face the cold at night"可知,一个老人穿着坏的凉鞋,另一个光着脚,他们在讨论如何应对夜晚的寒冷。由此可推知他们穿的衣服应该也是旧的。故选B。
2.C　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"Luckily, the sun shines in the day and offers some heat in the cold"可知,此时的天气很冷,他光着脚在发抖。故选C。smile"微笑";jump"跳";tremble"发抖";wave"摇摆"。
3.C　考查语境语义。根据"Recently, I’ve been 　3　 chances to serve, but without luck. So my clothing stash (贮藏) kept 　4　"可知,作者一直在寻找可以提供衣物的机会,但是很不幸运,作者没有这样的机会,所以衣物贮藏不断扩大。故选C。
4.D　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"I need to find these items an appropriate new home"可知,作者的衣物贮藏一直在扩大,因此他才想要给这些东西找一个合适的新家,故选D。
5.A　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"So my clothing stash (贮藏) kept 　4　"可知,作者此时急迫地想给这些东西找个合适的新家。故选A。
【核心单词】　appropriate adj.合适的,相称的
【核心短语】　without luck 不凑巧　be absorbed in 专心于;全神贯注于　pay attention to 留心,注意
6.C　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"two old men sitting and talking in the sun"以及下文中的"did not pay attention to me as I 　7　 closer to hear their words"可知,他们在全神贯注地交谈。故选C。
7.B　考查复现信息。根据空前的"did not pay attention to me"和下文中的"Again, they did not see me approach"可知,当作者缓慢地向两位老人靠近时,他们没有注意到作者。故选B。inch在此处作动词,表示"缓慢地移动",是熟词新义的用法,与下文中的"approach"是同义词复现。
8.A　考查固定搭配。根据空前的"the sun shines in the day and offers some heat in the cold, but"以及空后的"night"可知,此处表示转折,他们在讨论如何应对寒冷的夜晚,故选A。deal with"解决,应对"; struggle for"为……斗争"; take advantage of"利用"; break away from"逃离"。
9.D　考查生活常识。根据空前的"I wish my blanket were thicker"和生活常识可知,毯子厚一点可以提供更多的保护,以免受冻。故选D。
10.D　考查逻辑推理。根据下文中的"I went to my clothing stash and quickly got two 　11　"可知,作者去取物品,由此可推知,作者了解到他们应该是要在这儿待上一段时间。故选D。
11.C　考查逻辑推理。根据上文中的"I wish my blanket were thicker, offering more 　9　"和生活常识可知,老人希望毯子厚点,因此作者这时去拿的应该是被子。故选C。
12.B　考查语境语义。根据上文中的" I wish my blanket were thicker"和"It’s cold these days"可知,这两条被子正是他们需要的,对他们来说是有用的。故选B。worthwhile"重要的";adoptable"可采用的";precious"宝贵的"。
13.A　考查逻辑推理。根据语境和下文中的"We were just talking about how we are going to face the cold at night and you 　14　 with these"可推知,两位老人正在讨论如何应对寒冷的夜晚,此时作者带着被子出现在他们面前,他们感到很惊讶。故选A。mercy"仁慈";puzzlement"迷惑";fright"恐怖"。
14.D　考查语境语义。参见上题解析,故选D。
15.A　考查逻辑推理。两位老人对作者的善行表达感谢,作者也为能给他们提供帮助而感到开心。故选A。
话题:徒步穿越南极洲　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约222
[2022苏北四市期末]Preet Chandi returned from a trek(徒步旅行)across Greenland last year. She hopes to 　1　 an unsupported trek across Antarctica to the South Pole by herself. The 700-mile journey will take about 45 days. She will face the 　2　 cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she 　3　.
Preet Chandi 　4　 it is a tough journey. But she feels well prepared after years of 　5　. In recent weeks she has been 　6　 tyres around the streets near her home. She has received a number of curious questions from 　7　. "If you come from a community that is not involved in 　 8　 at all, it can be really hard," she said, adding that a number of people thought she was to 　9　 for Southall, in west London, not to the South Pole. "It’s just beyond their 　10　."
In the South Pole, one may 　11　 nothing in front for days except snow. It is quite a mental 　 12　. Thus, her partner has left messages inside her tent, while friends have 　13　 voice notes for her to listen to on the journey.
When she returns,she plans to put aside some money to 　14　 more women to try outdoor adventures. She is pleased to see change in what has 　15　 been a male-dominated area. What an inspiring woman!
1. A.abandon B.sponsor C.complete D.introduce
2. A.refreshing B.biting C.bearable D.slight
3. A.settles down B.checks out C.sets off D.turns up
4. A.admits B.denies C.hopes D.doubts
Cloze 4
5. A.working B.adjustment C.struggle D.training
6. A.lifting B.dragging C.rolling D.pushing
7. A.passers-by B.explorers C.visitors D.cyclists
8. A.activities B.adventures C.competitions D.sports
9. A.search B.run C.head D.look
10. A.control B.ability C.reach D.knowledge
11. A.touch B.feel C.see D.smell
12. A.challenge B.trouble C.dilemma D.success
13. A.played B.recorded C.presented D.taken
14. A.urge B.persuade C.command D.fund
15. A.extremely B.incredibly C.temporarily D.typically
本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了普里特·钱迪独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的徒步旅行的事迹。
答案
1.C　考查语境语义。根据下文叙述普里特·钱迪为这次徒步旅行做好准备并克服重重困难,以及下文中的"When she returns"可知,她希望能独自完成穿越南极洲到南极的徒步旅行,故选C。
2.B　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,-50℃的低气温一定是寒冷刺骨的,故选B。 biting"刺骨的"。
3.C　考查固定搭配。根据上文中的"She will face the 　2　 cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg"可知,她出发(sets off)时还要拖着重达95千克的雪橇,故选C。
4.A　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"But she feels well prepared after years of 　5　" 可知,她承认这是个艰难的旅行,所以进行了多年的训练,故选A。
5.D　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"she has been 　6　 tyres around the streets near her home"可知,她为这次艰难的旅行进行了多年的训练(training),故选D。
【核心单词】　weigh v. 重;称……的重量
【核心短语】　be involved in 参与;与……有关联　in front 在前面　put aside 存(钱)备用;不考虑
【合成词】　male-dominated adj. 男性占主导地位的
【词缀变形】　support v.支持,帮助,援助→unsupported adj. 无资助的;自力更生的
6.B　考查复现信息。根据第一段中的"She will face the 　2　 cold of -50℃ while dragging a sled weighing 95kg when she 　3　"可推知,她在为出发时要拖拽雪橇进行训练,故选B。此处为上文中的"dragging"的原词复现。
7.A　考查生活常识。根据上文中的"In recent weeks she has been 　6　 tyres around the streets near her home"和生活常识可知,她在家附近绕着街道拖轮胎进行训练,这自然会引起过路人的好奇之心,故选A。
8.B　考查逻辑推理。根据上文中的"She has received a number of curious questions from 　7　"和下文中的"a number of people thought she was to 　9　 for Southall, in west London, not to the South Pole"可推知,过路人对她的行为感到好奇,很多人认为她要去伦敦西部的绍索尔,而不是去南极,从过路人的反应可以看出,她来自不参与冒险的社区,故选B。
9.C　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"If you come from a community that is not involved in 　8　 at all, it can be really hard"和下文中的"It’s just beyond their 　10　"可知,如果你来自不参与冒险的社区,这真的很难让人理解,很多人认为她要去(head for)伦敦西部的绍索尔,而不是去南极,这超出了他们的知识范围。故选C。
10.D　考查语境语义。参见上题解析,故选D。reach"臂展,影响范围"。
11.C　考查生活常识。根据生活常识和下文中的"except snow"可知,在南极,人们可能在几天内除了雪什么都看不到,故选C。
12.A　考查逻辑推理。根据上文中的"In the South Pole, one may 　11　 nothing in front for days except snow"可推知,几天之内除了雪什么也看不见,这确实是个很大的心理挑战,故选A。
13.B　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"for her to listen to on the journey"可知,这里说的是录制了语音消息,故选B。
14.D　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"When she returns, she plans to put aside some money"可知,她打算存一些钱以资助更多的女性尝试户外冒险,故选D。
15.D　考查生活常识。根据上文中的"more women to try outdoor adventures"和生活常识可知,户外冒险通常(typically)是男性占主导地位的领域,她很高兴看到这一领域已经有了变化,故选D。
考点3　复现信息
【考点突破】　在完形填空中,有些题目仅仅依据设空处所在句的句意或设空前后句的语境无法作出正确判断。在这种情况下,我们要意识到该题的答案可能会出现在文中某处,我们把这种现象称作"信息复现"。信息复现主要包括原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。做题时,仔细查找上下文,利用这些复现信息解题,往往又快又准。
话题:男孩的热狗摊　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约244
[2022山东济南模考]The summer in 2018 was really special for Jaequan Faulkner, a 13-year-old boy living in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He set up a hot dog 　 1　 outside his home to make some extra money. The boy took care to make sure that all food was fresh and clean. People in the neighborhood 　2　 the boy’s spirit, but there was only one 　3　 — he didn’t have a permit.
When the Minneapolis Health Department received a 　4　, instead of shutting down Jaequan’s stand, they did something 　5　. They helped the teenager get a permit so that his business could 　6　.
Dan Huff, director of the department, said they were 　7　 to help a young man with such a sense of business. The health inspectors helped to pay for his first permit. 　8　, Huff took another step and helped connect Jaequan with the Northside Economic Opportunity Network, which gave the young businessman tips on 　9　 small business.
"I was kind of 　10　 and so grateful," Jaequan said about all the 　11　. "Because usually I would have one person at a time helping me, but there 　12　 to be so many kind people at once."
The food stand now operates with a 　 13　 and is open four hours daily from 11 am to 3 pm. Jaequan handles 90 percent of the business, and he is also planning to 　14　 money to organizations that assist teenagers in need. With such 　15　, the boy surely is going to have a bright future.
1. A.stand B.tent C.factory D.store
2. A.resisted B.suspected C.appreciated D.trusted
Cloze 1
3. A.advantage B.problem C.policy D.request
4. A.comment B.warning C.notice D.complaint
5. A.efficient B.official C.exceptional D.conventional
6. A.survive B.expand C.respond D.profit
7. A.grateful B.curious C.hesitant D.willing
8. A.Then B.Consequently C.Again D.Initially
9. A.sponsoring B.running C.starting D.investing
10. A.disappointed B.embarrassed C.amused D.surprised
11. A.support B.trouble C.inspiration D.conflict
12. A.used B.proved C.seemed D.happened
13. A.label B.model C.license D.patent
14. A.apply B.turn C.submit D.donate
15. A.promise B.drive C.story D.change
1.A　考查复现信息。根据下文中的"shutting down Jaequan’s stand"和"The food stand now operates"可知,Jaequan在家外面搭了一个热狗摊来挣一些额外的钱。此空为下文中的"stand"的原词复现。stand "货摊,售货亭"。
2.C　考查语境语义。根据语境可知,一个13岁的少年搭热狗摊想要自食其力,这种精神受到了邻里的赞赏。
3.B　考查语境语义。根据破折号后面的"he didn’t have a permit"可知,经营热狗摊却没有许可证是一个问题。
4.D　考查生活常识。根据语境和生活常识可以推断,卫生部门应是收到了针对Jaequan的投诉。
5.C　考查逻辑推理。根据常识可知,卫生部门针对此类投诉,应该会关闭Jaequan的摊位;根据空后的"They helped the teenager get a permit"可知,他们帮助Jaequan获得了许可证,这是不寻常的。exceptional "异常的,特别的,罕见的"。
6.A　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,许可证可以让Jaequan的热狗摊继续存在。
7.D　考查语境语义。结合下文可知,卫生部门愿意帮助Jaequan将热狗摊经营下去。
8.A　考查逻辑推理。根据语境可知,此处形成了先后顺序。
9.B　考查语境语义。根据语境可知,Huff想要帮助Jaequan,因此,他帮Jaequan联系了Northside Economic Opportunity Network来教他经营。run"管理,经营"。
答案
本文主要讲述了13岁的少年Jaequan Faulkner在家外面搭了一个热狗摊来挣一些额外的钱,但由于无证经营,有人将其投诉到卫生部门。但是,出乎意料的是,卫生部门并没有关闭Jaequan的摊位,而是帮他办好许可证,并帮他联系Northside Economic Opportunity Network来教他如何经营。Jaequan计划向帮助贫困青少年的机构捐款以回报社会。
10.D　考查逻辑推理。根据下文中的"usually I would have one person at a time helping me, but there 　12　 to be so many kind people at once"可知,面对一次有如此多善良的人支持和帮助自己,Jaequan感到有点儿惊讶。
11.A　考查语境语义。参见上题解析。
12.B　考查语境语义。结合语境可知,结果有如此多善良的人帮助Jaequan。
13.C　考查复现信息。根据上文中的"They helped the teenager get a permit"可知,Jaequan的热狗摊现在是有证经营。此空是"permit"的同义词复现。
14.D　考查语境语义。根据语境可知,Jaequan还计划向给贫困青少年提供帮助的组织捐款以回报社会。
15.B　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"he is also planning to 　14　 money to organizations that assist teenagers in need"可知,带着这样的干劲,他的前途肯定会一片光明。
话题:爱心美食速递　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约221
[2022河北保定期末]An e-mail request asking for a dish recipe came into Ekiben restaurant late on a Thursday afternoon. A man sent the e-mail 　1　 his mother-in-law, who was now in the final 　2　 of lung cancer at her home. He was hoping to get the 　 3　 to make it for her there.
Steve Chu, the restaurant’s owner, read the e-mail and quickly 　4　 with an alternative suggestion. He wrote, "I’d like to 　5　 you in person and make it fresh for you." Brandon Jones, the son-in-law, was 　6　, thanked him and told him the 　7　.
A day after receiving Brandon’s e-mail, Chu 　8　 his truck with necessary ingredients and then headed for the lady’s house. As soon as Chu 　9　 the parking lot, he got to work. After 　10　 boxing everything up, he knocked on the customer’s door.
"As soon as I opened the door for her, she recognized the aroma(香味)," Brandon says. "It smelled 　11　." The lady also recognized Chu. She said, "I can’t believe it. You drove all the way up here to cook for me " She was so happy and 　12　.
Brandon 　13　 Chu to join them for dinner, but he needed to get back. Chu also wouldn’t accept any 　14　 from them. "It was a(n) 　15　 to help fulfill their wishes," Chu says.
1. A.in response to B.on behalf of C.with regard to D.in view of
2. A.development B.vacation C.stage D.devotion
3. A.permission B.recipe C.knowledge D.request
4. A.replied B.declined C.commented D.declared
Cloze 2
5. A.protect B.envy C.call D.meet
6. A.extraordinary B.optimistic C.surprised D.elegant
7. A.location B.expectation C.avenue D.instruction
8. A.loaded B.compared C.swept D.equipped
9. A.broke into B.pulled into C.looked into D.ran into
10. A.neatly B.clumsily C.casually D.impatiently
11. A.frightening B.confusing C.amazing D.amusing
12. A.embarrassed B.touched C.ashamed D.inspired
13. A.persuaded B.urged C.forced D.invited
14. A.congratulation B.proposal C.generosity D.money
15. A.wonder B.preference C.honor D.affection
1.B　考查固定搭配。根据下文中的"who was now in the final 　2　 of lung cancer at her home"可知,这位男士的岳母此时处于癌症晚期,所以这位男士代表他岳母给餐厅发邮件。in response to"回应";on behalf of"代表";with regard to"关于,至于";in view of"鉴于,考虑到"。
2.C　考查语境语义。" in the final stage of lung cancer"表示处于肺癌晚期。stage"阶段,时期"。
3.B　考查复现信息。根据上文中的"asking for a dish recipe"和下文中的"make it for her"(为她做这道菜)可知,他希望得到这道菜的食谱。本空是上文中的"recipe"的原词复现。
4.A　考查生活常识。根据上文中的"read the e-mail"和下文中的"He wrote"以及生活常识可知,收到邮件,读完邮件后,接下来应回复(replied)邮件。
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一位癌症晚期患者想吃一道她最喜欢的菜,热心的餐厅老板亲自到这位患者的家中,给她做了这道菜,满足了她的心愿。
【核心单词】　alternative adj. 可供替代的,备选的　fulfill vt. 履行;实现;满足
【核心短语】　ask for 恳求(给予)　in person 亲自　head for 前往　get back 返回,回去
【合成词】　e-mail n. 电子邮件 v. 给……发电子邮件　mother-in-law n. 岳母;婆母
【熟词新义】　box 常用义:n. 盒,箱 v. 击打　文章义: v. 把某物装箱(或盒、匣)
　　He opened the box and out jumped a frog. 他打开盒子,从里面跳出来一只青蛙。
　　I boxed up all my old toys and put them in the attic.我把旧玩具全都装进箱子,然后放到了阁楼里。
5.D　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"make it fresh for you"可知,餐厅老板想亲自和他们见面,当场给他们做这道菜。
6.C　考查逻辑推理。根据语境可知,他本是想要这道菜的食谱,但老板却提出亲自来给他们做,这是他没有想到的,令他很惊讶。
7.A　考查语境语义。 根据上文中的"I’d like to 　5　 you in person and make it fresh for you"可知,Brandon告诉了老板地址。
8.A　考查语境语义。根据下文中的"his truck with necessary ingredients"可知,此处表示把食材装上(loaded)卡车。
9.B　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,老板将车停在停车场。pull into"驶向路边(或某处)停靠"。
10.A　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,老板应是把所有东西整齐有序地(neatly)装箱收拾好,才去敲顾客的门。
11.C　考查语境语义。根据上文中的"As soon as I opened the door for her, she recognized the aroma(香味)"可知,Brandon为岳母一打开门,她就闻到了自己一直想吃的那道菜的香味,这种味道闻起来很不错,故选C。
12.B　考查逻辑推理。根据空前的"You drove all the way up here to cook for me"和" She was so happy"可知,餐厅老板Chu不辞辛苦开车来为她做这道菜,她应该是很开心,也很感动的。
13.D　考查语境语义。根据空后的"Chu to join them for dinner"可知,餐厅老板Chu为患癌症的岳母做了她一直想吃的那道菜,Brandon很感激他,所以Brandon邀请他留下来一起吃晚餐。
14.D　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,Chu是开餐厅的,通常给别人做菜后,别人应该要付钱的,但这一次Chu不会收他们的钱。
15.C　考查逻辑推理。餐厅老板为一个癌症晚期的患者做一道她一直想吃的菜,满足了她的心愿,这对于老板来说是一件很荣幸的事。
考点4　文化背景和生活常识
【考点突破】　完形填空的语篇一般选取原汁原味的英语文章,其涉及的文化背景知识非常丰富,且题目设置有时也会渗透着自然科学、中西方文化、人文习俗、历史文化等方面的知识。在做此类题时,考生可适当利用自身储备的文化背景知识和生活常识,对语境进行分析和判断,最后选出答案。这将会大大简化复杂的分析和判断过程。因此考生需要在平时的学习生活中积累有用的文化背景和生活常识,逐渐培养一定的判断能力,加强不同学科间知识的融合,提高综合能力。
话题:急救救人　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约274
[2022重庆南开中学四检] As 17-year-old Torri’ell Norwood drove through St. Petersburg, Florida, last February, the laughter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to 　 1　. To avoid a truck, their car 　2　 into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, "It’s about to 　 3　! Get out!" But Norwood’s driver’s side door was jammed shut by the strong impact. She 　4　 out through the window, along with two of her friends, who’d also 　5　 to free themselves, and ran for her life.
　6　, halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons 　7　 in the back seat. "She wasn’t moving," Norwood told Inside Edition. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, 　8　 avoiding the broken glass. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. "I checked her pulse. "Nothing. "I put my head 　9　 her chest. " No sign of life. "That’s 　10　 I started CPR(心肺复苏)."
Norwood, who wants to pursue a 　11　 in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had 　 12　 little time to practice what she’d learned. She started pumping Simmons’s 　 13　 with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend’s mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of 　 14　. And then, Simmons began 　15　 and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!
Had the accident happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have saved the life of her best friend.
1. A.applause B.screams C.silence D.whispers
Cloze 1
2. A.collapsed B.broke C.crashed D.fell
3. A.break up B.show up C.give up D.blow up
4. A.crawled B.flew C.slipped D.paced
5. A.planned B.failed C.managed D.promised
6. A.Besides B.Therefore C.Moreover D.However
7. A.unconscious B.relaxed C.dead D.asleep
8. A.randomly B.carefully C.gradually D.eagerly
9. A.against B.over C.off D.in
10. A.because B.where C.how D.when
11. A.policy B.career C.reform D.matter
12. A.particular B.perfect C.precious D.precise
13. A.stomach B.chest C.back D.leg
14. A.time B.power C.peace D.life
15. A.yawning B.sneezing C.coughing D.laughing
1.B　考查生活常识。根据下文的"To avoid a truck, their car 　2　 into a tree"和生活常识可知,车快要撞上树的时候车里的人应该是尖叫,因此笑声很快被尖叫声所取代,空处是"尖叫声",故选B。
2.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"smoke rose from the car"可知,汽车撞上了树,故选C。 crash"碰撞,撞击"。
3.D　考查生活常识。根据生活常识可知,车子冒烟了,旁观者觉得车子快要爆炸了,故选D。break up"打碎,破碎";show up"露面"; give up"放弃"; blow up"爆炸"。
答案
本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是Torri’ell Norwood利用心肺复苏抢救了昏迷不醒的朋友。
【核心单词】　pursue v. 追求,致力于
【核心短语】　give way to 被……替代;让……先行;让步　along with 与(某人)一道,一起 in hopes of 怀着……的希望
【合成词】　bystander n. 旁观者,局外人　halfway adv.在……中间,在中途　interlock v. (使)连锁,紧密连接;扣紧
【词缀变形】　laugh v. 笑;嘲笑→laughter n. 笑,笑声
【熟词新义】　pump 常用义:n. 抽水机,泵 v.用泵(或泵样器官等)输送　文章义:v. 快速上下(或内外)运动,上下(或内外)快速摇动
　　Using solar power to pump water causes lower costs at first. 首先,使用太阳能抽水可以降低成本。
　　He kept pumping my hands up and down. 他不停地摇晃着我的手。
4.A　考查语境语义。根据上文的"Norwood’s driver’s side door was jammed shut"和下文的"through the window"可知,驾驶员一侧的门被卡住了打不开,因此她和她的两个朋友一起从窗户爬了出去,故选A。
5.C　考查逻辑推理。根据下文的"halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them"可推测出,Norwood和她的两个朋友都设法逃脱了。manage to do sth."设法做某事"符合语境,故选C。
6.D　考查逻辑推理。根据下文的"her best friend, Simmons, wasn’t with them"可知,此处描述的事情和前面是转折关系,表示"然而,她最好的朋友Simmons并没有和她们在一起",因此空处表示"然而",故选D。
7.A　考查语境语义。根据下文的"She wasn’t moving"可知,Simmons昏迷了,故选A。unconscious"昏迷的"。
8.B　考查语境语义。根据下文的"avoiding the broken glass"可知,她小心翼翼地避开碎玻璃,故选B。
9.A　考查语境语义。根据下文的"No sign of life"可知,Norwood把头靠在Simmons的胸前才发现她没有了生命迹象,因此空处是"紧靠",故选A。against"紧靠,倚,碰"。
10.D　考查语境语义。根据空后的"I started CPR(心肺复苏)"可知,Norwood发现Simmons没有生命迹象的时候就开始给她做CPR,故选D。
11.B　考查逻辑推理。根据下文的"in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate"可知,Norwood获得了CPR资格证,由此可推知,她想从事医学事业,故选B。
12.C　考查语境语义和生活常识。根据生活常识可知,抢救时时间是很宝贵的,又根据下文的"little time to practice what she’d learned"可知,Norwood知道她没有多少时间来练习她所学的知识了。particular"特定的"; perfect"完美的";precious"宝贵的"; precise"准确的"。
13.B　考查医学常识。根据医学常识可知,CPR是用交叉的手指按压病人的胸部,故选B。
14.D　考查生活常识。根据空前的"filling her lungs with the kiss of"及生活常识可知,抢救时,人工呼吸可以说是"生命之吻",空处表示"生命",故选D。
15.C　考查语境语义。根据下文的"gasping for air"及"The CPR had worked"可知,CPR起作用了,Simmons开始咳嗽,急促地喘着气,故选C。
话题:保护环境,从我做起　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约316
[2022江苏如皋一调]Bingley, a Sayre School student from America, decided that he would devote himself to studying the environment to have a broad influence on the community.
To reduce the carbon footprint, Bingley plan(共224张PPT)
专题四　语法填空
考点1　谓语动词(一)
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:时态2个,语态1个,时态和语态1个,时态和主谓一致5个,时态、语态和主谓一致3个
1 [2022江苏泰州二调]Standing an egg upright is a popular game across the country during the Spring Equinox. It is an old custom that 　　　　　　
(date) back to 4,000 years ago.
2 [2022浙江三地市质检]Freehand exercise to promote health (practice) in China as early as the 3rd century, and, by the 5th century, monks of Shaolin Temple were performing exercises imitating the five creatures: bear, bird, deer, monkey, and tiger.
3 [2022湖南衡阳质检]China and the United States are committed to cooperating with each other and with other countries to deal with the climate crisis, which must (address) with the seriousness and urgency which it demands.
4 [2022辽宁沈阳三模]The taikonauts (do) two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different science experiments and delivered two live educational lectures in space, the report said.
5 [2022江苏连云港二调]Given growing populations, increasing wealth, and the spreading popularity of natural remedies around the world, the demand for these medicines and remedies (rise) now.
6 [2022江苏南通一调]The train trip certainly took a while; however, we (reward) with the most beautiful views and made friends along the way, all at a lower cost than flying.
7 [2022湖南邵阳联考]Soft robots based on fish and other sea animals (win) popularity in the research community in the last few years.
8 [2022广东江门一模]On June 21, 2013, China's Xinjiang Tianshan natural site (list) as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site.
9 [2022浙江嘉兴二模]So far, Gutierrez (travel) to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library.
10 [2022辽宁丹东一模]Qizai (find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
11 [2022山东青岛一模]The success of the Chinese women's national football team in the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup 　　　　　　
(be) a boost to China's national pride.
12 [2022江苏南通如皋适应性考试]Desperate for trustworthy care, she (enroll) Paysen at Tipton Adaptive Daycare, which was more expensive, at $640 per month.
答案
1.dates　考查时态和主谓一致。这是一个可以追溯到4000年前的古老习俗。分析句子结构可知,空处作从句的谓语,关系代词that指代先行词an old custom并在从句中作主语,此处应用第三人称单数形式;根据句中的is可知,时态应用一般现在时。故填dates。
2.was practiced　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据第一个分句中的时间状语as early as the 3rd century可知,该空应用一般过去时;第一个分句的主语exercise和practice之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态;主语为不可数名词,根据主谓一致原则,谓语动词应用单数形式。故该空应填was practiced。
3.be addressed　考查语态。分析句子结构可知,定语从句的关系词which指代climate crisis,且在从句中作主语,与address为被动关系,情态动词must之后需用动词原形,故填be addressed。
4.did　考查时态。分析句子结构可知,and连接三个并列的谓语动词,由conducted,delivered可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填did。
5.is rising　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,且根据now和句意可知,此句描述现阶段持续的状态,故用现在进行时;主语the demand是单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is rising。
6.were rewarded　考查时态和语态。根据本句中的took和made可知,此处应用一般过去时,且we与reward之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填were rewarded。
7.have won　考查时态和主谓一致。在过去的几年里,基于鱼和其他海洋动物的软体机器人在研究界很受欢迎。主语是Soft robots,谓语动词用复数,且根据时间状语in the last few years可知,时态应用现在完成时,故填have won。
8.was listed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,主语为China's Xinjiang Tianshan natural site,为单数意义,谓语动词应用单数形式;根据句意,动词list与主语构成被动关系,且时间状语为"On June 21, 2013",时态应用一般过去时。故填was listed。
9.has travel(l)ed　考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语So far可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语Gutierrez为第三人称,此处应用单数形式,故填has travel(l)ed。
10.was found　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。七仔是2009年在秦岭发现的一只虚弱的熊猫宝宝。根据句意可知,七仔是"被发现的",且根据时间状语"in 2009"可知,此处描述过去的事情,因此应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语Qizai是单数,因此空处应填was found。
11.is　考查时态和主谓一致。中国女足在2022亚足联女足亚洲杯的成功提升了中国的民族自豪感。根据语境可知,此处应用一般现在时叙述客观事实,且句子主语是The success,be动词用单数形式,故填is。
12.enrolled　考查时态。由于迫切需要可靠的护理,她为Paysen报名申请了蒂普顿适应性日托中心,费用更贵,每月640美元。根据句中的"which was more expensive"可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填enrolled。
语法填空 应用提高
话题:北京稻香村　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约196
[2022山东济南模考]During the Lantern Festival, long lines of customers are waiting outside Daoxiangcun stores in the capital city Beijing. "I feel I'm missing something 1　　　　　 I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival. Getting up early in the morning,
2　　　　 (put) on warm clothes and waiting in a long line outside a Daoxiangcun store to buy newly-made yuanxiao are a sort of private ceremony for me and ensure I will have another sweet year," Dong Shanshan, 3　　　　 35-year-old Beijinger said. For many people like Dong, eating Daoxiangcun's yuanxiao 4　　　　　(be) an essential Lantern Festival tradition.
The Beijing Daoxiangcun Food Company, 5　　　　　 owns the brand and stores, recently staged an event to mark the official launch of yuanxiao being made at some of its 6　　　　　(factory). Shi Yan, the company's deputy manager, said, "All 7 　　　(we) yuanxiao would be handmade, because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor."
8　　　　　 (meet) local demand, the company will demonstrate how yuanxiao is made at some of its stores in Beijing. "This will 9　　　　　(hopeful) bring a festive atmosphere to the city and its residents," Shi said. "Young people can learn how the traditional food is made and the culture surrounding this food can 10　　　　(carry) forward and expanded."
Cloze 1
答案
本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲了元宵节期间,北京市民在稻香村店外排队购买元宵的情况,并介绍了不同人对稻香村元宵的看法。
1.if　考查连词。结合语境"如果元宵节期间我不吃元宵,我感觉我错过了什么"可知,空后表示"如果",故应填if。
2.putting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处与Getting和waiting并列,故空处应填putting。
3.a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,此处是同位语,是对Dong Shanshan的描述,表泛指,且35-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头,故空处需填a。
4.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处是"主+系+表"结构。本句讲了一个客观事实,时态应用一般现在时,且主语eating Daoxiangcun's yuanxiao为动名词短语。故空处应该填is。
5.which　考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为The Beijing Daoxiangcun Food Company,关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语,故空处需填which。
6.factories　考查名词单复数。factory为可数名词,结合句意和空前的some of可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,故填factories。
7.our　考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的名词yuanxiao,需用形容词性物主代词,故填our。
8.To meet　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,表目的,故需填To meet,注意首字母大写。
9.hopefully　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的动词bring,需用副词,故空处需填hopefully。
10.be carried　考查谓语动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,the culture与carry之间为被动关系,结合空前的can可知,空处填be carried。
话题:图书馆的变化　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约198
[2022福建厦门四检]Everything changes with time, and that 1　　　　(include) the function of libraries. Before the Internet they were community centers where everyone 2　　　　(invite) to enjoy a cup of knowledge. But, as the influence of the Internet grew, many assumed that there would no longer be 3　　　　　need for libraries — everything you could possibly want to know or learn would be just a mouse-click away.
But things have proved munity libraries are 4　　　　　(popular) than ever. One reason is that an 5　　　 (astonish) number of information resources remain available only on paper or other media at libraries. Sometimes, to get what you want, you have to 6　　　　(physical) go there; the Internet isn't all-knowing.
7　　　　 the convenience of the Internet, people still enjoy visiting libraries. They find comfort among the shelves 8　　　 (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help.
Libraries have evolved as the public's needs have changed. In fact, if you haven't visited your local public library for a while, you may be surprised at 9　　　　 it now has to offer. In addition to books, many libraries also offer digital 10　　　(copy) of books, audiobooks, movies, and more through Internet platforms. Some libraries even offer community resources, like baking pans!
注：属于本考点的试题用 突出标记。
Cloze 2
答案
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着时代的发展,图书馆的功能也发生了新的变化。
1.includes　考查时态和主谓一致。代词that作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,且此处叙述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时,故填includes。
2.was invited　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,where引导定语从句,不定代词everyone为从句的主语,空处在从句中作谓语,应用单数形式,且everyone与动词invite是被动关系,空处应用被动语态;根据时间状语Before the Internet和were可知,此处叙述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was invited。
3.a/any　考查冠词/代词。need作名词表示"需要,必须"时,可作单数名词,也可作不可数名词,因此其前可用不定冠词a,表示泛指;根据语境,也可用限定词any,表示"任何的,任一的"。故填a/any。
4.more popular　考查形容词比较级。根据句意和空后的"than ever"可知,此处应用形容词的比较级形式,故填more popular。
5.astonishing　考查词形转换。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词number;astonishing表示 "令人惊讶的",修饰物,符合语境,故填astonishing。
6.physically　考查词形转换。此处应用副词作状语,修饰动词go,故填physically。
7.Despite　考查介词。尽管互联网很方便,但人们仍然喜欢去图书馆。根据句意,此处表示"尽管,即使"。故填介词Despite。
8.packed　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语,修饰shelves;pack...with...表示"把……大量放进……,装满",shelves与动词pack之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词packed。
9.what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作介词at的宾语,空处在从句中作offer的宾语,表示"……的事物",故填what。
10.copies　考查名词复数。copy表示"副本"时为可数名词,其前无限定词,且根据空后的"of books, audiobooks, movies, and more"可知,此处表示复数意义,故填copy的复数形式copies。
考点2　谓语动词(二)
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:时态3个,时态和语态2个,时态和主谓一致4个,时态、语态和主谓一致5个,构词法1个
1 [2022江苏连云港二调]Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients 　　　　 (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (药物).
2 [2022 河北四市联考]Wu, a professor from the Southern University of Science and Technology, said he first 　　　　 (have) the idea for China Orbit two decades ago.
3 [2022广东四校联考(二)]As issued in the white paper, great importance 　　　　 (attach) to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.
4 [2022江苏南通联考(三)]For more than a thousand years, Cairo 　　　　　(be) the capital city of Egypt. But that will be changed in the near future.
5 [2022河北张家口一模]At 22, she noticed on the Chinese reading app Webnovel that the website was hiring authors who
　　　　　(say) to be able to make much money.
6 [2022山东临沂三模]After paper 　　　　　　(invent) by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade(织锦)and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.
7 [2022江苏无锡调研]Worse still, human-wildlife conflict 　　　　　(threat) human lives and causes many species to die out.
8 [2022广东肇庆二模]I've been in Taiyuan, the provincial capital of Shanxi, for two years since I 　　　　　(admit) to the university.
9 [2022广东茂名二模]Tourists are led in exploration of the Taoist mountains which 　　　　　(witness) the Chinese civilization for five thousand years.
10 [2022广东六校联考(四)]If the "tool" for scoring goals 　　　　　(change) from legs to sticks, it is highly comparable to hockey.
11 [2022广东佛山二模]As the world's first "dual Olympic city", Beijing 　　　　　(pay) attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth operation of the Games while overcoming the difficulties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
12 [2022辽宁辽南协作校三模]Believe it or not, challenging some of your limits, which you have never tried, 　　　　　(help) you change for the better.
13 [2022浙江台州二模]Ice-skaters at that time wore knee pads, and they secured their shoes with leather. Their shoes 　　　　　(fit) with single iron blades for speed, and double blades for security.
14 [2022山东枣庄二模]Li Daquan readily agreed and 　　　　　(keep) his word.
15 [2022浙江宁波二模]The new route, opened in December 2019 as part of preparations for the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, 　　　　　(reduce) travel time for the 174-kilometer journey from three hours to less than 60 minutes so far.
答案
1.are treated　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知,此句描述客观事实,故用一般现在时;从句的主语patients与treat是被动关系,应用被动语态,且从句的主语patients是复数,故填are treated。
2.had　考查时态。分析句子结构可知,said之后的宾语从句缺少谓语;由时间状语two decades ago可知,空处所表示的动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时,故填had。
3.has been attached　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语是great importance,所以谓语动词用单数;attach importance to...表示
"认为……很重要,重视……",当great importance作主语时,动词attach与其构成被动关系,再结合时间状语these years可知,空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been attached。
4.has been　考查时态和主谓一致。根据句意和"For more than a thousand years"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为Cairo,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
5.were said　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构和句意可知,此处为定语从句,关系代词who指代先行词authors,在从句中作主语,从句的谓语动词应用复数,且此处意为"据说……",应用动词say的被动式,同时根据句中的"noticed"和"was hiring"可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填were said。
6.was invented　考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,从句使用了一般过去时,因此主句也用一般过去时,叙述过去的事实情况;主语paper与动词invent为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was invented。
7.threatens　考查构词法。分析句子结构可知,该空应与causes共同构成句子的谓语部分,所以应用threat的动词形式threaten;根据句子的主语human-wildlife conflict和并列谓语causes可知,此处应用单数形式。故填threatens。
8.was admitted　考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,在since引导的时间状语从句中,动词admit与主语之间为被动关系,表示
"被……录取";主句使用现在完成时,since引导的从句应用一般过去时。故填was admitted。
9.have witnessed　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中主语,指代先行词the Taoist mountains,空处作从句的谓语,应用复数形式;根据主句中的are和从句中的时间状语for five thousand years可知,从句的时态应用现在完成时。故填have witnessed。
10.is changed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。从句的主语为the "tool",其后的谓语动词应用单数;根据句意和主句中的"is highly comparable"可知,此处说明客观状况,所以应用一般现在时,同时从句的主语与动词change构成被动关系。故填is changed。
11.paid　考查时态。作为世界上首个"双奥之城",北京在克服新冠肺炎疫情带来的困难的同时,重视各方面细节,以支持奥运会安全顺利举办。根据语境可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态应用一般过去时,故填paid。
12.helps　考查时态和主谓一致。信不信由你,挑战一些你从未尝试过的极限,会帮助你变得更好。分析句子结构可知,动名词短语challenging some of your limits作主语,空处作句子的谓语,应用单数形式,which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词limits。根据句意,本句叙述的是事实情况,应用一般现在时。故填helps。
13.were fitted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。那个时代的溜冰者都戴着护膝,用皮革固定鞋子。他们的冰鞋上装有单片铁刀片以提高速度,双片铁刀片则是为了安全。动词fit在此处表示"安装,安置",与主语Their shoes为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据"at that time""wore"和"secured"可知,此处陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语Their shoes是复数。故填were fitted。
14.kept　考查时态。李大全欣然同意并遵守了他的诺言。根据句意和"agreed and"可知,此处与agreed并列作谓语,时态也应用一般过去时。故填kept。
15.has reduced　考查时态和主谓一致。作为北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会筹备工作的一部分,这条新线路于2019年12月开通,目前已经将174公里的行程时间从3小时缩短到不到60分钟。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,根据时间状语"so far"可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语The new route为第三人称单数。故填has reduced。
语法填空 应用提高
话题:神农架野人传说　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约211
[2022山东聊城一模]Shennongjia is a household name in China because it's the home of the legendary "wild man". Its folk tale spans the generations.
Between 1976 and 1981, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large-scale 1　　　　　(science) investigations. They collected hair, footprints and waste possibly belonging 2　　　　　a "wild man", but some experts argued that most were from bears, monkeys or even human beings. They failed 3　　　　　(uncover) the myth of a "wild man", but discovered there is rich biodiversity. Although several hundred people have claimed 4　　　　　(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant ape-like creatures in Shennongjia, there is no tangible evidence to confirm the 5　　　　　(exist) of a "wild man". Nowadays, Shennongjia's attraction is not merely about a "wild man". Its appeal 6　　　　(be) more about its lively ecology, rich biodiversity and karst landforms. Shennongjia's beauty varies over the year as nature 7　　　　(take) its course. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded from the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn 8　　　　 go skiing in winter.
The "wild man" legend has been passed on for generations by word-of-mouth. In 2016, the legend of a "wild man" in Shennongjia
9　　　(add) to Hubei Province's intangible cultural heritage list. Today, tourists can visit the Wild Man Cave, 10　　　 eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures, and see "wild man" sculptures.
Cloze 1
答案
这是一篇说明文。神农架在中国家喻户晓,因为它是传说中的"野人"的故乡,本文告诉我们那里的风景也很美。
【核心单词】　legendary adj. 传说的　span v. (时间)持续,贯穿　biodiversity n. 生物多样性　eyewitness n. 目击 者;见证人　merely adv. 仅仅
【核心短语】　pass on转交,(用后)递给,传给
1.scientific　考查形容词。在1976年至1981年之间,中国科学院组织了三次大规模的科学调查。这里使用形容词作定语修饰名词investigations。故填scientific。
2.to　考查介词。分析句子结构可知,句中belonging 2　　　a"wild man"作后置定语;belong to"属于"为固定搭配,故填to。
3.to uncover　考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth.表示"未做到某事",所以使用动词不定式作failed的宾语。故填to uncover。
4.themselves　考查代词。让步状语从句中的主语是"several hundred people",根据句意可知,claimed的宾语与主语相同,宾语应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
5.existence　考查名词。本空前的定冠词说明这里应该使用名词。故填existence。
6.is　考查时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,主语appeal为不可数名词,be动词应使用单数形式。故填is。
7.takes　考查时态和主谓一致。本句是一个主从复合句,as引导的是时间状语从句。本句叙述的是大自然的变化,属于客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,从句的主语nature为不可数名词,其后的谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填takes。take its course意为
"自然地发展,持续到自然结束"。
8.and　考查连词。本句列举了在神农架旅游时可以做的事情,"enjoy", "be shaded from", "appreciate"和"go skiing"为并列关系,所以本空应该使用and。
9.was added　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句话中缺少谓语动词,句子的主语是"the legend of a ‘wild man’ in Shennongjia",谓语动词用单数;根据时间状语In 2016可知,此处应使用一般过去时;神农架"野人"传说被列入湖北省非物质文化遗产名录,所以使用被动语态。故填was added。
10.where　考查定语从句。本句是一个主从复合句,句中含有一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是the Wild Man Cave, 表示地点,应用where引导该定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
话题:重复带来音乐化　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约186
[2022山东临沂一模] Repeating something can make that thing musical — even the sound of a shovel(铁铲) being dragged across the road. Music 1　　　　　(cover) a lot of repetition. It's hard to imagine what your favorite song would be 2　　　　　 a chorus(副歌). But the connection runs even deeper than that. A few years back, psychologists at the University of California, San Diego, 3　　　　(discover) when words or phrases are repeated a few times, they can start to sound
4　　　　(much) like singing than speaking. The sounds as they appear to you are not only different from those that are really present, but they sometimes behave so 5　　　　(strange) as to seem quite impossible. The effect is perhaps not entirely
6　　　 (surprise). Talking and singing are both forms of vocal communication. But researchers got to wonder: could repetition also musicalize other 7　　　　　(type) of sounds So they collected clips of 20 different 8 　　　　(environment) sounds, including water dripping, ice cracking, whales calling and so on. 9　　　　　 they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful. Repetition's power seems to extend to10　　　broader variety of sounds than just speech.
Cloze 2
答案
本文为说明文,介绍了重复某个声音可以让这个声音音乐化。
1.covers　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子中缺少谓语动词,此处叙述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语Music为不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填covers。
2.without　考查介词。很难想像你最喜欢的歌没有副歌会是什么样子。根据句意此处应用介词without。
3.discovered　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,"when words or phrases...singing than speaking"为省略了连接词的宾语从句,空处为主句的谓语动词,根据时间状语A few years back可知,此处应用一般过去时。
4.more　考查副词比较级。通过比较级标志词than可知,此处应填much的比较级more。
5.strangely　考查词性转换(形容词→副词)。副词修饰动词,此处应填strange的副词形式修饰动词behave。
6.surprising　考查形容词。重复带来的效果可能并不完全令人惊讶。此处应用形容词surprising作表语,表示"令人惊讶的"。
7.types　考查名词复数。other后接可数名词的复数形式。
8.environmental　考查形容词。他们收集了20种不同环境的声音的片段。此处用形容词environmental修饰名词sounds。
9.What　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,is是系动词,that引导的是表语从句。主语从句中缺少宾语,表示"……的事物",故用What。
10.a　考查不定冠词。a variety of为固定短语,表示"各种",broader的发音以辅音音素开头,故用a。
考点3　非谓语动词(一)
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:现在分词2个,过去分词4个,动名词2个,动词不定式5个
1 [2022江苏南通一调]Then we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp by the road from Lhasa. Along the way we stopped 　　　　　　
(admire) the lake.
2 [2022广东四校联考(二)]The Arctic is estimated 　　　 (have) a quarter of the world's oil and natural gas.
3 [2022浙江嘉兴二模]Over time, the 　　　　(abandon) reading material slowly piled up.
4 [2022广东深圳二调]It is amazing 　　　　 (see) small children appreciating such abstract paintings.
5 [2022辽宁丹东一模]The Qinling Mountains have become the easiest place on Earth 　　　 (encounter) wild pandas.
6 [2022山东日照一模]Researchers have found the answer — ducklings save energy by 　　　 (surf) their mom's waves.
7 [2022江苏连云港二调]The rising demand, 　　　　　(combine) with reduced habitat, has caused an alarming increase in the number of plant and animal species used for medicinal purposes at risk for many years.
8 [2022广东茂名二模]During the exhibition, some other displays 　　　　 (focus) on the theme "Wild China & Beautiful Land" will be displayed in the Water Cube.
9 [2022河北石家庄一检] 　　　　(inspire) by what had become a truly global event, Coubertin designed the symbol of the Olympic Games: the Olympic rings.
10 [2022广东六校联考(四)]In the painting, the emperor, 　　　　　(seat) inside his ice bed, was watching skaters compete fiercely.
11 [2022河北保定一模]They evaluate, plan, and make dietary strategies and nutritional treatments that are concentrated on 　　　　　　
(improve) varieties of medical problems such as high blood pressure and obesity.
12 [2022江苏泰州二调]The Spring Equinox is a good time to fly kites. In ancient times, people did not have good medical resources. So 　　　 (pray) for good health, they wrote their medical issues on paper kites.
13 [2022广东肇庆二模]Over the two years, I found myself 　　　　 (fall) in love with Taiyuan as I got more familiar with the city and the life here.
答案
1.to admire　考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处应用固定短语stop to do sth.表示"停下来去做另一件事",故填to admire。
2.to have　考查动词不定式。be estimated to do为固定用法,表示"估计……",故此处应用不定式to have。
3.abandoned　考查过去分词。根据句意可知,此处表示"被遗弃的阅读材料",动词abandon与reading material之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。
4.to see　考查动词不定式。本句是"It is+adj.+to do sth."结构,其中It为形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式。故填to see。
5.to encounter　考查动词不定式。秦岭已成为地球上最容易遇到野生大熊猫的地方。place前有最高级"the easiest"修饰,因此空处用不定式to encounter作后置定语。故填to encounter。
6.surfing　考查动名词。此处作介词by的宾语,所以应用动名词,by doing sth.表示"通过做某事",故填surfing。
7.combined　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词has caused,空处应使用非谓语。combine...with...表示
"把……和……结合起来",为固定用法,因此The rising demand与combine之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。故填combined。
8.focusing　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰displays,动词focus与displays为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词focusing。
9.Inspired　考查过去分词。受这一真正的全球盛会的启发,顾拜旦设计了奥运会的标志:奥林匹克五环。分析句子结构可知,空处应使用非谓语动词,inspire与Coubertin 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填Inspired。句中的by也是提示。
10.seated　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,"　　　　(seat) inside his ice bed"为非谓语动词短语作后置定语,seat的意思是"向……提供座位,(使)就座",与句子的主语the emperor构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故填seated。
11.improving　考查动名词。他们评估、计划、制定饮食策略和营养治疗,专注于改善各种医学问题,如高血压和肥胖症。be concentrated on表示"专注于……",on为介词,其后应跟动名词作宾语。故填improving。
12.to pray　考查动词不定式。所以为了祈求健康,他们把自己的健康问题写在纸风筝上。分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to pray。
13.falling　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,空处应使用非谓语动词,空处的逻辑主语是myself,与fall之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词falling。
语法填空 应用提高
话题:乡村旅游　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约192
[2022江苏南京、盐城一模]For travelers who used to think that Chinese farmers live in poor conditions, the rural tours can be quite an eye-opener. 1　　　 (travel) to Jiangsu's rural villages, many of which look like beautiful postcard scenes, might be totally different from 2　　　　　you have imagined. A rural tour to the province might allow travelers to have a glance at their daily lives as well as the 3　　　　　(develop) of China's rural areas in recent years.
The Longshang village, which has 140 people from 51 households, is 4　　　　 (locate) at the foot of Youzi Mountain in Nanjing's Gaochun District. It used to have ruined houses, 5　　　　　(mud) roads and annoying flies everywhere. In 2017, experts
6　　　　(invite) to design the village's landscape and help restore its ancient buildings. Now it has become 7　　　　　 "Internet celebrity" and attracted many visitors 8　　　　　(draw) by its teahouses, cafés and bookstores.
Also in Nanjing, the Bulao village in Pukou District, known as Never Aging village, has attracted many who are interested in finding the secret of staying young. 9　　　　　clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many by its stone streets, ancient style farmhouses and various sports venues 10　　　　people can go hiking, play baseball and go fishing.
Cloze 1
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了江苏乡村发生的变化。
1.Travel(l)ing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此句缺少主语,且此处表一般性动作,故应用动名词作主语。
2.what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导宾语从句作from的宾语,且该空在从句中作宾语,带有"什么"的含义,故应用what。
3.development　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此空应填名词。
4.located　考查形容词。be located in/at"坐落于"为固定搭配。故填located。
5.muddy　考查形容词。roads是名词,故其前应用形容词。
6.were invited　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示"专家被邀请来设计这个村庄的风景",再结合时间状语In 2017可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,又因主语是复数,故应填were invited。
7.an　考查冠词。此处表示的是,现在这个村庄已成为"网红"。celebrity"名人,明星"为可数名词,其前用不定冠词表示泛指,且Internet的发音以元音音素开头,故其前应用an。
8.drawn　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此空应用非谓语动词。draw与visitors之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。
9.Besides　考查介词。除了干净的水源和使人精力充沛的空气,这个村庄的石街、古式农舍和各种各样的运动场所也让很多人印象深刻。故填表达"除……之外(还)"的介词Besides。
10.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为sports venues,该空在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。
话题:大狐猴　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约202
[2022山东潍坊测评]If there were Grammy Awards for animals,the indri,a critically endangered species of animal in Madagascar, 1　　　　　(definite)could be the winner — just because they are the few existent animals 2　　　　　 musical rhythm.
Rhythm in animals has been a topic of discussion for scientists."Only a few primate species sing,3　　　　　they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality," said Dr.Aniruddh Patel of Tufts University.
Scientists from Madagascar invested up to 12 years in the forest 4　　　　(record)songs of the 20 indri groups,and found the presence of rhythms featuring in human songs.Further analysis found a 1:1 rhythm,where intervals(间隔)between sounds are the same 5　　　　(long),and a 1:2 rhythm,which means the second interval 6　　　　(be)twice as long as the first one,present themselves in the indri's songs.
"If an indri had some sort of metronome(节拍器)in its head 7　　　(go)‘tac,tac,tac’, then it would likely produce
8　　　　we see.It's so close to human music," Dr.Aniruddh said.
This marks the first time that categorical rhythm 9　　　　(find)in a nonhuman mammal.But it's unknown whether human and indris' 10　　　(share)ear for music is the result of a common ancestor.
Cloze 2
答案
本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现马达加斯加大狐猴懂得节奏,这是科学家第一次在非人类哺乳动物中发现这一情况。
1.definitely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的could be,需要用副词,故填definitely。
2.with　考查介词。结合破折号后面的句意"仅仅因为它们是现存为数不多有音乐节奏(感)的动物"可知,此处应该填介词with,表示
"有,具有,带有"。
3.so　考查连词。根据语境可知,前后句之间为因果关系,且前因后果,故填so。
4.to record　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语,"科学家们在森林里花了长达12年的时间"是为了"记录20个大狐猴族群的歌声",应用动词不定式表目的,故填to record。
5.length　考查词形转换。根据空前的the same可知,此处需用名词,故填length。
6.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,该空作means引导的宾语从句的谓语。根据上文中的"where intervals(间隔) between sounds are"可知,此处在描述客观情况,时态应为一般现在时,主语the second interval为第三人称单数,所以空处需要填is。
7.going　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,从句的谓语动词是had,此处在从句中是非谓语动词,与metronome之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填going。
8.what　考查连接词。分析句子结构可知,该空引导宾语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示"……的事物",故填what。
9.has been found　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此空作从句的谓语。根据"This marks the first time that"可知,此空需用现在完成时;categorical rhythm与find之间为被动关系;categorical rhythm为第三人称单数。故填has been found。
10.shared　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的名词ear,且与ear为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填shared。
考点4　非谓语动词(二)
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:现在分词3个,过去分词5个,动名词1个,动词不定式5个
1 [2022山东日照一模]A study 　　　　　(publish) earlier this year reveals ducklings save energy by staying in line behind their mother, where they can ride the waves created in her wake.
2 [2022河北石家庄一检]Coubertin chose the six official Olympic colors — blue, yellow, black, green, red, and white (featured in the background) — because when he introduced the symbol in 1913, every single flag of the nations 　　　　　 (participate) in the games could be reproduced using the colors in the Olympic symbol.
3 [2022湖北八市联考]A group of Shanghai University international students recently visited the Liu Haisu Art Museum in Shanghai 　　　　　　
(learn) about Chinese painting.
4 [2022辽宁丹东一模]After 　　　　　(abandon) him, his mother disappeared into a jungle. The motherless panda had a really tough time in his childhood.
5 [2022河北保定一模]　　　　　　(register) dieticians and nutritionists can work in clinics, in the community, and in management.
6 [2022广东肇庆二模] I had much time to visit various parts of the city and I found it convenient 　　　　　(hire) bicycles here.
7 [2022浙江三地市质检]As a mode of attack and defence, tai chi chuan is properly considered a martial art, 　　　(resemble) kung fu.
8 [2022浙江嘉兴二模]New reading material at bookstores is too expensive and public libraries tend 　　　　　(be) far away from poorer areas.
9 [2022广东佛山一检]A video 　　　　　(release) on the Internet showed how the construction workers connected three major railroads with the new Nanlong Railway.
10 [2022浙江宁波二模]Not satisfied with pushing the boundaries of speed, endurance and civil engineering, Chinese companies are among the first in the world 　　　　　(introduce) new technology such as driverless train operation and advanced signaling and control technology.
11 [2022江苏南通如皋适应性考试]Ashley Alcaraz remembers she started to regret 　　　　　(entrust) her infant daughter Paysen to an unlicensed in-home day care centre when she returned to work.
12 [2022山东青岛一模]Despite being two goals behind South Korea in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals 　　　　　(score) in just five minutes.
13 [2022广东广州二模]Some people love to read books. They can't get enough of the 　　　　　(print) word.
14 [2022山东青岛质检]The film was scheduled 　　　　　(shoot) in 2020 but was delayed until early February 2021.
答案
1.published　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,同时publish与study之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,修饰名词study,故填published。
2.participating　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语修饰nations,participate与nations构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语,故填participating。
3.to learn　考查动词不定式。近日,上海大学的一群留学生参观了上海的刘海粟美术馆,学习中国画。根据句意可知,此处是不定式作目的状语。故填to learn。
4.abandoning　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作时间状语,动词abandon与his mother之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词abandoning。
5.Registered　考查过去分词。此处为过去分词作前置定语,表示"已经注册的"。
6.to hire　考查动词不定式。此处为"find+宾语+宾补"结构,其中形容词convenient作宾补,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是其后的动词不定式,故空处应填to hire。
7.resembling　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,resemble与其逻辑主语a martial art为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填resembling。
8.to be　考查动词不定式。tend to do sth."易于做某事,往往会发生某事"为固定短语,故填to be。
9.released　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作定语,release与A video之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词released。
10.to introduce　考查动词不定式。由于不满足于突破速度、耐力和土木工程的界限,中国的企业在世界上率先引进了新技术,例如无人驾驶列车运行和先进的信号与控制技术。分析句子结构可知,空处作the first的后置定语,first为序数词,应用不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
11.entrusting　考查动名词。Ashley Alcaraz还记得,当她回到工作岗位时,她开始后悔把年幼的女儿Paysen托付给了一家没有执照的家庭日间托儿所。regret doing sth.表示"后悔做某事",故用动名词entrusting作宾语。
12.scored　考查过去分词。虽然在上半场落后韩国队两球,但中国女足在下半场五分钟内连进两球,共进三球。此处为with的复合结构,宾语two goals与动词score是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scored。
13.printed　考查过去分词。根据句意可知,此处表示"印刷的文字";word与动词print之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词printed作定语。
14.to shoot　考查动词不定式。此处是be scheduled to do sth.结构,表示"预计做某事",故填to shoot。
语法填空 应用提高
话题:懒惰的危害　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约221
[2022广东部分重点中学联考]Laziness is a mental resistance to do anything and a situation where you are away from the
1　　　(value) part of life by being idle(无事可做的). Most of the people become lazy because they do not have the clear vision in life. They simply waste their time and energy in the process of 2　　　(avoid) the work and that in turn makes them remain underachievers throughout the life. That is 3　　　　　you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
Most of the people generally get stuck into laziness due to lack 4　　　　 motivation. There is no better way to 5　　(inspire) than the action. If you do not want to take action, then force 6　　　　 (you) to act at the initial stage. If you purposefully try to act instead of killing your time, it will become your 7　　　　　(two) nature, and laziness will be the thing of the past.
Finally, if you have a burning desire 8　　　　　(achieve) your goal, you will find a way to do it. So, push yourself to attack a 9　　　　　(big) goal than the one you have been willing to pursue until now. Always keep in mind: Unless you do it, you will not know whether or not you can. So take action right now to overcome laziness and have 10　　　　 rich and varied life.
Cloze 1
答案
本文为说明文,文章介绍了懒惰的危害,造成懒惰的原因以及克服懒惰的方法。
1.valuable　考查词形转换(名词→形容词)。懒惰是对做任何事情的心理抗拒,是一种你通过无所事事远离生活中有价值的部分的情况。空处修饰名词part, 应使用形容词valuable,表示"很有用的,很重要的,宝贵的"。
2.avoiding　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语,应使用动名词,故填avoiding。
3.why　考查名词性从句。上文介绍了懒惰的危害,该句对上文进行总结,表示"这就是你如果想在生活中表现出色就必须克服懒惰的原因"。空处引导表语从句,此处表示"这就是……的原因"。应填why。
【名师点津】　如果上文提到原因,后一句常用That's why引出结果,意为"这就是为什么……"或"这就是……的原因";如果上文提到结果,后一句常用That's because引出原因,意为"这是因为……"。如:
(1)Jim was praised by his maths teacher. That's why he is in a good mood.
(2)Jim is in a good mood. That's because he was praised by his maths teacher.
4.of　考查介词。lack of sth.意为"缺乏某物",为固定搭配,故填of。
答案
5.be inspired　考查非谓语动词。way后常跟不定式作定语,意为"……的方式",结合句意"没有比行动更令人受鼓舞的方式了"可知,空处应使用不定式的被动式,故填be inspired。
【易错点拨】　部分考生误将to看作介词,从而错填名词inspiration。
6.yourself　考查代词。此处主句为祈使句,省略了主语you,空处作宾语,与主语指代一致,应使用反身代词,故填yourself。
7.second　考查数词。如果你目标明确地努力行动,而不是消磨你的时间,这将成为你的第二天性,而懒惰将成为过去。second nature为固定短语,表示"第二天性"。故填second。
8.to achieve　考查非谓语动词。have a desire to do sth.为固定搭配,意为"渴望做某事",故填to achieve。
9.bigger　考查形容词比较级。根据goal后的than可知,此处应使用形容词比较级,故填bigger。
10.a　考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处表示泛指,意为"一种……的生活",应使用不定冠词,且rich的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
话题:滑雪医生　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约204
[2022辽宁铁岭六校联考]A group of doctors has been specially trained in skiing skills in China over the last four years in
1　　　　　(prepare) for providing medical treatment during the Beijing Winter Olympics.
In the field, if there's an accident, ski doctors have to be 2　　　　　 the scene in four minutes with a 10-kilogram medical bag, 3　　　　　they have to deal with the injuries and remove injured athletes from the track in just 15 minutes.
The 4　　　　　(great) challenge for alpine skiing doctors is not only skiing skillfully on professional mountain courses with a gradient(倾斜度) of around 30 degrees, but 5　　　　(stop) accurately on smooth courses, according to media reports.
When foreign ski doctors first came to China before 6　　　　　opening ceremony, they may have had some doubts because there were no professional ski doctors in China before that point. After communication and working together, they have seen that our professional and skiing skills are 7　　　　(actual) very strong, Bai Peng said.
The doctors 8　　　　(equip) with 5G walkie-talkies as well as large medical bags filled with medical essentials. "If the injured remain conscious, we communicate with 9　　　　　(they) in English. We had a lot of English lessons during our training," said Li Qiyi, a surgeon usually 10　　　　(station) at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
Cloze 2
答案
本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了滑雪医生为了能为北京冬奥会的滑雪比赛提供优质医疗服务而准备了四年。
【核心单词】　accurately adv. 准确地　essential n. 必需品
【核心短语】　deal with 对付;应付;对待　opening ceremony 开幕式
1.preparation　考查名词。过去四年来,一组医生在中国接受了专门的滑雪技能培训,为北京冬奥会提供医疗服务做准备。in preparation for意为"为……做准备"。故填preparation。
2.on　考查介词。在比赛场地,如果发生事故,滑雪医生必须在4分钟内带着10公斤重的医疗包到达现场。on the scene意为"登场,到场"。故填on。
3.and　考查连词。根据句意可知,本句与空前一句为顺承关系。故填and。
4.greatest　考查形容词最高级。对于高山滑雪医生来说最大的挑战不仅是在坡度为30度左右的专业高山赛道上熟练地滑雪,而且还要在光滑的赛道上准确地停住。根据句意可知,空处应用great的最高级形式greatest。故填greatest。
5.stopping　考查非谓语动词。本句中的"not only...but (also)..."连接的内容应保持形式一致,根据"not only skiing"可知,本空应用stopping。故填stopping。
6.the　考查冠词。此处用定冠词特指北京冬奥会的开幕式。故填the。
7.actually　考查副词。交流和合作之后,他们发现我们的专业水平和滑雪技能的确很强。这里用副词修饰be动词are。故填actually。
8.are equipped　考查时态和语态。本句缺少谓语动词,这里说的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时;equip与The doctors之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填are equipped。
9.them　考查代词。本句中的the injured意为"伤者",指的是一类人,这里说的是和伤者用英语交流,应用them指代"the injured",作with的宾语。故填them。
10.stationed　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语,station作动词意为"派驻,使驻扎",station与a surgeon为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填stationed。
考点5　形容词和副词
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:构词法9个,比较级2个,最高级3个
1 [2022湖南邵阳联考]Scientists say soft robot jellyfish that can swim through openings 　　　　　(narrow) than their bodies could be used to observe coral reefs.
2 [2022山东枣庄二模]Such a virtue of honesty earned Ji Bu a good reputation, and there was a saying 　　　　　(wide) spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold.
3 [2022河北唐山二模]Fortunately, interest in preserving the hawksbill(玳瑁)sea turtle has never been 　　　　　(high).
4 [2022河北张家口一模]Florence found this advice 　　　　　(logic), but didn't know what to do.
5 [2022山东日照二模]Fifty years of cooperation between the United States and China on panda conservation has accomplished 　　　　　　
(true) remarkable achievements.
6 [2022湖北部分重点中学联考(二)]As many Chinese people celebrated the nation's 　　　　　(late) spacewalk, they were also thinking of the heroes behind those great achievements that China's space industry has made.
7 [2022河北四市联考]In China Orbit, he writes, "No matter what age you are, you must be 　　　　　(firm) loyal to your dreams."
8 [2022浙江宁波二模]The driverless bullet trains connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou in northern Hebei Province are capable of hitting speeds up to 350kph, which makes them the world's 　　　　　(fast) driverless trains.
9 [2022湖南衡阳质检]Both countries recall their 　　　　 (history) contribution to the development, adoption, signature, and entry into force of the Paris Agreement through their leadership and collaboration.
10 [2022河北张家口一模] Without thinking 　　　　　(far), Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist.
11 [2022湖南岳阳二检]The association also said that customers should consume 　　　　　(scientific)and rationally and resist undesirable consumption behaviour.
12 [2022广东深圳二调]Among all those exhibits, the aboriginal(土著的)paintings are the most 　　　　(strike).
13 [2022广东佛山一检]　　　　　(incredible), around 1,500 workers spent just nine hours completing the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.
14 [2022辽宁丹东一模]The quirky creature is one of a rare subspecies that exists only in the remote Qinling Mountains in 　　　　　　
(west) China.
答案
1.narrower　考查形容词比较级。科学家说,能够游过比它们的身体更窄的缺口的软体机器人水母可以被用来观察珊瑚礁。根据句意和空后的than可知,此处应填形容词的比较级,故填narrower。
2.widely　考查构词法。这种诚实的美德为季布赢得了良好的声誉,有一句谚语广为流传:"与其得到几百盎司的黄金,不如得到季布的承诺。"此处修饰动词spread,应用副词,故填widely,表示"普遍地,广泛地,范围广地"。
3.higher　考查形容词最高级。"否定词+比较级"表示最高级,故填higher。
4.logical　考查构词法。Florence觉得这个建议合乎逻辑,但不知道该怎么办。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。故填logical。
5.truly　考查构词法。空处修饰形容词remarkable,应用副词。故填truly。
6.latest　考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知,此处是说"当很多中国人在庆祝中国最近的太空行走时",空处表示"最新的,最近的",故填latest。
7.firmly　考查构词法。空处修饰形容词,应使用副词,故填firmly。
8.fastest　考查形容词最高级。连接北京和河北省北部张家口的无人驾驶子弹头列车,速度可达每小时350千米,是世界上最快的无人驾驶列车。根据句意和空前的"the world's"可知,空处应填形容词fast的最高级,表示"世界上最快的"。故填fastest。
9.historic　考查构词法。根据句意可知,空处应用history的形容词形式修饰名词,且此处表示"历史性贡献",故填historic。
【名师点津】　①farther 和 further都是far的比较级,表示距离既可用 farther,也可用 further。如:I have to travel further/farther to work now. 现在我得走更远的路去上班。②表示事物的程度或幅度通常宜用 further。如:Let's consider this point further. 让我们更深入地考虑这一点。③further 亦可表示更加或进一步,farther 则无此意。如:Are there any further questions 还有什么问题吗
10.further　考查副词比较级。没多想,Florence就开始写作并成了一名专业的网络小说家。空处表示"进一步",隐含比较意义。故填further。
【易错点拨】　本空考生易误填historical。historical通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;historic通常用以表示具有重要历史意义。此处表示"历史性贡献",historic符合语境。
11.scientifically　考查构词法。该协会还表示,消费者应该科学合理地消费,抵制不良消费行为。空处与副词rationally并列,修饰动词consume,故填副词scientifically。
12.striking　考查构词法。根据空前的the most和句子结构可知,本空应用形容词作表语;根据句意,此处应用striking表示
"引人注目的,异乎寻常的"。
13.Incredibly　考查构词法。分析句子结构可知,此处需用副词作状语,修饰后面整个句子,表示"难以置信地";注意首字母要大写。故填Incredibly。
14.western　考查构词法。这种古怪的生物是一种罕见的亚种,只存在于中国西部偏远的秦岭山脉。空处用形容词作定语,修饰China,west的形容词是western。故填western。
语法填空 应用提高
话题:保护个人信息　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约160
[2022浙江宁波联考]Peng Ling, a college student, received numerous advertising messages on her mobile phone in the weeks
1　　　　　(lead) up to this year's Double Eleven shopping festival. The confusing thing was 2　　　　　some online shops were new to her. When our personal information is leaked for the purpose of marketing, it can be quite annoying. But it would be even
3　　　　　(bad) if our data is used for much more serious acts.
On Nov. 1st, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China came into effect in China, which has detailed rules 4　　　　　(strengthen) the protection of personal information. 5　　　　　law defines personal information as any kind of information about people 6　　　　 are or can be identified. There are also some kinds of personal information that
7　　　　　 (regard) as sensitive, such as fingerprints, faces, religious 8　　　　　 (believe), etc.
9　　　　　 individuals, it's important to raise awareness of protecting personal information. If you find your personal data has been used 10　　　　 (illegal), you can report to consumer councils with evidence.
Cloze 1
答案
本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是如何从法律和个人两方面保护个人信息。
1.leading　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,句中的谓语动词是received,空处应用非谓语动词,此处表示"临近今年的双十一购物节的几个星期"。weeks和lead up to为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此空处用现在分词。故填leading。
2.that　考查表语从句。令人困惑的是,一些网上商店对她来说是不熟悉的。空处引导的是表语从句,从句中不缺成分,且句子意思完整,因此空处用that引导表语从句。故填that。
3.worse　考查比较级。根据句意和even可修饰比较级可知,空处应填bad的比较级worse。
4.to strengthen　考查动词不定式。根据语境可知,此处表示"该法律有详细规定来加强个人信息保护",此处为不定式表目的,故填to strengthen。
5.The　考查定冠词。此处law指的是前面的"the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China",应用定冠词表特指。故填The。
6.who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为people,指人,因此关系词可用who或者that。
7.are regarded　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句,表示"也有一些个人信息被认为是敏感的",该从句应用被动语态;由前面的There are可知,该从句时态是一般现在时,因此空处用一般现在时的被动语态;关系词that指代先行词"some kinds of personal information",从句谓语动词用复数形式。故填are regarded。
8.beliefs　考查名词复数。也有一些个人信息被认为是敏感的,例如指纹、脸、宗教信仰等。religious是形容词,空处应用名词,believe的名词形式是belief,在此处表示"信仰,宗教信仰",作此意讲时常用复数,且根据空前的"fingerprints, faces"可知,空处应填beliefs。
9.For　考查介词。根据语境可知,空处表示"对于个人来说",故用介词For。
10.illegally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处用副词修饰动词used,句子表示"如果你发现你的个人资料被非法使用,你可以带着证据向消费者委员会报告",空处意为"非法地",故填illegally。
话题:中国诗歌　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约224
[2022广东汕头一模]Poetry, 1　　　　　universal form of literature, plays an important role in ancient China. Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago. In that era, there were no TVs or films, and
2　　　　　(write) had not been invented, so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3　　　　(entertain) themselves. These songs reflected themes from the people's daily 4　　　　 (life), such as hunting animals or sowing crops. Since nothing was set down, over the years different versions of these songs developed, and each area would have its own respective rhythm. In addition to this, people would recite stories of past heroes.
As these stories were often quite long, they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more 5　 (easy). While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format, over time they became 6　　 (pretty) and more complicated. These were no longer the works of amateurs sitting around a fire, 7　　　　 works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from them.
Poetry plays with sounds, words, and grammar, 8　　　　makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read. Poetry uses colors, feelings, experiences, and images to paint a picture in your mind. Now, many Chinese people 9　　　　(become) more interested in reading poems, no matter 10　　　　what language they are written.
Cloze 2
答案
这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了诗歌作为一种普遍的文学形式,在中国古代扮演着重要的角色。如今,许多中国人对阅读诗歌越来越感兴趣,无论它们是用什么语言写的。
1.a　考查不定冠词。诗歌是一种普遍的文学形式,在古代中国扮演着重要的角色。此处表示泛指,且form作"种类,类型"讲时为可数名词, universal的发音以辅音音素开头。故用不定冠词a。
2.writing　考查动名词。空处作主语,应用动名词形式。故填writing。
3.to entertain　考查动词不定式。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to entertain。
4.lives　考查名词。life作"个人生活,个人经历"讲时为可数名词,根据空后的"such as hunting animals or sowing crops"可知,此处应用复数表示人们不同的日常生活。
5.easily　考查副词。空处修饰动词remember,故填副词。
6.prettier　考查形容词。起初,这些歌曲和故事的形式很简单,但随着时间的推移,它们变得更加悦耳和复杂。根据句意和空后的more complicated可知,此处应用pretty的比较级。 故填prettier。
7.but　考查连词。根据句意可知,上下文为转折关系。故填but。
8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前边整个句子,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which。
9.are becoming　考查谓语动词。根据句意和时间状语Now可知,空处可用现在进行时表示目前正在发生的动作,也可用现在完成时表示由过去延续到现在,并有可能延续下去的动作;又因为主语为复数,故填are becoming。
10.in　考查介词。此处表示"无论它们是用什么语言写的",应使用介词in表示使用语言,故填in。
考点6　介词
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:介词的基本用法4个,介词的固定搭配11个
1 [2022广东四校联考(二)]The Arctic is 　　　　　great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security.
2 [2022湖北部分重点中学联考(二)]Deng Qingming joined the PLA Air Force in June 1984 and started training 　　　　　a pilot at a flight college in Hebei Province.
3 [2022江苏泰州二调]After the Spring Equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting 　　　　　gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere and longer night in the Southern Hemisphere.
4 [2022北京丰台区二模]Great magicians can change people's attention easily. They do it with grand hand gestures. They also do it 　　　　　　
asking questions and changing the subject.
5 [2022广东广州二模]There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based 　　　　 a book.
6 [2022浙江嘉兴二模]And now the ground floor of his small house is filled from floor to ceiling 　　　　 some 20,000 books, ranging from chemistry textbooks to classics for kids.
7 [2022江苏南通联考(三)]At present, the city has more than 20 million people. But its population will double 　　　　40 million by 2050.
8 [2022河北石家庄一检]Given what we know about colors and their many symbolic meanings, it seems like it'd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand 　　　　　　something specific, like a continent.
9 [2022广东肇庆二模]The pleasant changes are made possible 　　　　　　the help of my teachers and schoolmates.
10 [2022江苏南通如皋适应性考试]Our modern economy couldn't function 　　　　　a system for the nurturing of our youngest citizens.
11 [2022辽宁丹东一模]Thanks 　　　　　　the constant efforts to improve the ecological environment in the Qinling Mountains, the population of giant pandas has increased in recent years.
12 [2022山东枣庄二模]A successful merchant during the Qing Dynasty, Li Daquan, was visited by a friend who came up 　　　　　a novel idea.
13 [2022广东佛山二模]Beijing was applauded and praised by athletes　　　　　　 its excellent venue (场地) services during the Olympic Winter Games.
14 [2022浙江台州二模]China being one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the history of the world, the ancient Chinese were also involved 　　　　　　different sports.
15 [2022山东济南十一校联考]The event was also open 　　　　　　the public through a livestream.
答案
1.of　考查介词的固定搭配。此处be of great importance是固定词组,表示"非常重要的",相当于very important,故填介词of。
2.as　考查介词的基本用法。邓清明在1984年6月加入中国人民解放军空军,并开始作为一名飞行员在河北省的一所飞行学院接受培训。此处应用as表示"作为"。故填as。
3.in　考查介词的固定搭配。春分之后,太阳向北移动,使得北半球的白天逐渐变长,南半球的夜晚逐渐变长。result in为固定搭配,表示"导致,造成,引起"。故填in。
4.by/through　考查介词的基本用法。此处表示"通过问问题和改变话题",应用介词by /through,表示"通过"。故填by/through。
5.on　考查介词的固定搭配。be based on为固定搭配,表示"以……为基础"。故填on。
6.with　考查介词的固定搭配。现在,他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板堆满了大约2万本书,从化学课本到儿童经典名著。be filled with为固定搭配,表示"充满……,装满……"。故填with。
7.to　考查介词的基本用法。根据语境可知,此处用介词to表示"达到"。
8.for　考查介词的固定搭配。此处用stand for表示"代表",故填for。
9.with　考查介词的固定搭配。此处指的是"在我的老师和同学们的帮助下",with the help of为固定短语,表示"在……的帮助下",故填介词with。
10.without　考查介词的基本用法。没有一套培养最年轻公民的体系,我们的现代经济不可能正常运转。根据句意可知,本空应用介词without,表示"没有"。故填without。
11.to　考查介词的固定搭配。由于不断努力改善秦岭的生态环境,大熊猫的数量近年来有所增加。thanks to是固定搭配,意为"多亏,由于"。故填to。
12.with　考查介词的固定搭配。清朝时期,一位成功的商人李大全的朋友来拜访他,他的朋友想出了一个新奇的主意。根据句意可知,此处为固定短语come up with,表示"想出"。故填with。
13.for　考查介词的固定搭配。在冬奥会期间,因为出色的场馆服务,北京受到了运动员们的称赞和表扬。praise...for...为固定搭配,表示"因……表扬……"。故填for。
14.in　考查介词的固定搭配。中国是世界历史上最古老和持续时间最长的文明之一,古代的中国人也参与了不同的体育运动。根据句意,此处应用固定短语be involved in,表示"参与"。故填in。
15.to　考查介词的固定搭配。be open to sb.是固定搭配,意为"对某人开放"。故填to。
话题:隔离期的婚礼　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约206
[2022江苏南京、盐城二模] Lockdown Love
The cost of a typical Saudi wedding is enough to prevent the most passionate lovers. Even a simple party involves renting an impressive ballroom. Then there are the cheerleaders and musicians. Men and women gather in separate halls, 1　　　　(double) some of the prices. Altogether it might cost $53,000. Often, many of these marriages end in divorce. Those that don't 2　　(burden) with debt. Therefore, many couples have welcomed these 3　　　　　(restriction) that have come with COVID-19. In 2020 Saudi Arabia limited gatherings to 50 people or 4　　　　　(few). So couples could downsize their weddings 5　　　　losing face. Some chose 6　　　　(share) halls over ballrooms. Smaller crowds ate smaller cakes. All in all, a Saudi couple might have spent 90% less on their weddings. Will low-cost weddings become the new norm It's reported 7　　　　　few couples complained when the COVID-19 forced Saudi Arabia to place some limitations. Though the outbreak recedes (逐渐减弱), some still express concern over the health of in-laws. "A girl always dreams of a five-star marriage, but COVID-19 has made us more 8　　　 (practice)," says Bayan Zahran, a lawyer in Jeddah. Some couples are opting for a simple party, 9　　　　 places little pressure on either side. They, 10　　　　, must still deal with pressure from their family and peers.
Cloze 1
答案
文章主要讲述了传统而花费多的沙特阿拉伯的婚礼让大部分新人望而却步。疫情期间的限制措施让他们简办婚礼而不丢失颜面。
1.doubling　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处应是非谓语动词作状语,前面的事情造成婚礼的部分价钱翻倍,此处表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词,故填doubling。
2.are burdened　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,主语是Those,that引导定语从句,修饰前面的Those;谓语动词burden和Those是被动关系;此处表示一般事实,应用一般现在时;Those为复数。故填are burdened。
3.restrictions　考查名词复数。restriction"限制,约束"为可数名词;分析句子可知,these后面应该跟可数名词复数,且根据定语从句中的have可知,空处应填restrictions。
4.fewer　考查形容词的比较级。根据"limited gatherings to 50 people"可知,限制在50人或者更少,故填fewer。
5.without　考查介词。此处表示新人简办婚礼而不至于丢了面子。根据语境,用介词without。故填without。
6.shared　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作定语,动词share与halls之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词shared。
7.that　考查主语从句。句型"It's reported that..."表示"据报道……",It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,that在从句中仅起连接作用。故填that。
8.practical　考查词形转换。结合句意和句子结构可知,此处是"make sb.+形容词"结构,形容词作宾补,且此处用了比较级。故填practical。
9.which　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,所填词引导非限制性定语从句,且指代前面的主句,定语从句中缺少主语,故填which。
10.though/however　考查副词。前文说一些人选择简单的派对,后文说他们还得应对家人和同辈的压力,这里表示转折,空前后有逗号,可用副词though/however表示"然而"。故填though/however。
话题:爱尔兰中文考试　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约145
[2022湖北武汉4月调研]The Chinese speaking test of Ireland's Leaving Certificate exam this year was held on Saturday, marking the 1　　　　(one) time the country has included Chinese as a foreign language elective subject on the national college entrance examination.
This year's Chinese test 2　　　　(include) speaking, listening and 3　　　　 (write) sections, which contain reading and writing. The speaking part has been tested, while the rest will be held on June 20.
"The Irish government is 4　　　　(full) aware of the importance of creating the opportunity to learn Chinese 5　　　　 its students, especially against the backdrop of economic globalization, 6　　　　　deepening China-Ireland trade ties," said Mary Mitchell O'Connor, Ireland's former minister of higher education.
"More Irish people have become 7　　　　(interest) in learning Chinese, and the number of Irish students 8　　　　(come) to study in China is also expanding," O'Connor said in 2017, adding 9　　　　　personnel exchanges and educational
10　　　　(cooperate) between the two countries are growing well.
Cloze 2
答案
本文是一篇新闻报道。2022年爱尔兰毕业证书考试的中文口语考试如期举行,这是爱尔兰首次将中文作为外语选修课纳入全国高考。
1.first　考查序数词。今年爱尔兰毕业证书考试的中文口语考试于周六举行,这标志着该国首次将中文作为外语选修课纳入全国高考。根据空前冠词the和空后名词time以及语境可知,本空需要序数词作定语,表示"第一次"。故填first。
2.includes　考查时态和主谓一致。空处在主句中作谓语,此处介绍的是中文考试的内容,是事实性描述,应使用一般现在时,主语Chinese test为第三人称单数形式,所以空处应用单数形式。故填includes。
3.written　考查形容词。分析句子结构和句意可知,此处应用形容词written作定语,表示"书面的,笔头的"。故填written。
4.fully　考查副词。爱尔兰前高等教育部长 Mary Mitchell O’Connor表示,爱尔兰政府充分意识到为其学生创造学习中文的机会和深化中爱贸易关系的重要性,特别是在经济全球化的背景下。空处修饰形容词aware,表示"充分意识到",应用副词fully。故填fully。
5.for　考查介词。此处表示"为其学生创造学习中文的机会",介词for表示"为了"。故填for。
6.and　考查并列连词。分析句子结构和句意可知,deepening与creating并列作介词of的宾语。故填and。
7.interested　考查形容词。本空需要一个形容词作become的表语,become interested in表示"对……产生兴趣"。故填interested。
8.coming　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,在and连接的第二个分句中已有谓语动词,空处在句中为非谓语,作后置定语,students与动词come是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应使用现在分词形式。故填coming。
9.that　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作adding的宾语,从句不缺少成分,且意义完整,故填that。
10.cooperation　考查名词。根据空前的形容词educational可知,空处应填名词,与exchanges并列作宾语从句的主语,动词cooperate的名词形式为cooperation,为不可数名词。故填cooperation。
考点7　名词、冠词、代词和数词
基础小题 轻松快攻
训练计划:构词法2个,名词复数2个,名词所有格1个,不定冠词2个,定冠词1个,反身代词1个,不定代词1个,物主代词1个,数词1个,人称代词2个
1 [2022江苏南通一调]Yamdrok Tso's(羊卓雍措,西藏三大圣湖之一) beauty was beyond 　　　　　(describe).
2 [2022河北唐山一模]It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford 　　　　　(they).
3 [2022广东四校联考(二)]Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than 　　　　existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal.
4 [2022山东青岛一模]China beat South Korea 3-2 from two goals down in the dramatic final of the AFC Women's Asian Cup on Sunday night, winning the championship for the 　　　　　(nine) time 16 years later.
5 [2022浙江金华十校联考]The house's location is 　　　　　added bonus in itself.
6 [2022广东质量测评]　　　　　　takes a long time for macadamia(夏威夷果) trees to bear fruits.
7 [2022山东济南十一校联考]Chinese astronauts on Thursday sent back 　　　　　science lesson from the country's under-construction space station.
8 [2022浙江三地市质检]Tai chi chuan employs flowing, rhythmic, deliberate movements, with carefully appointed stances(站姿)and (position), but in practice no two masters teach the system exactly alike.
9 [2022广东深圳二调]The architecture of the gallery 　　　　　(it) is impressive and unique.
10 [2022浙江台州二模]There were also 　　　　　(compete) for figure skating, ice acrobatics(杂技), and speed skating that were held for the benefit of the royal family.
11 [2022江苏南通如皋适应性考试]Affordable childcare is at once one of the most appealing 　　　　　(promise) of contemporary American life, and the most broken.
12 [2022湖南岳阳二检]The doll set features seven models of Dimoo, a popular character created by Pop Mart, with one irregular model and six regular 　　　　　　(one), meaning customers have to pay at least 594 yuan to collect a complete set.
13 [2022辽宁葫芦岛质量监测]Workers have copied more than 2,000 immovable rock carvings and paintings at Helan Mountain to digitalize the overall views as well as 　　　　　　(they) accurate locations.
14 [2022辽宁沈阳三模]The success of China's Shenzhou-XIII mission represents a major victory in the 　　　　　(country) plan to explore space, said experts from different countries.
答案
1.description　考查构词法。beyond description是固定词组,表示"难以言表的",故此处填description。
2.them　考查人称代词。根据语境可知,此处应用them指代上文提到的the prices,故填them。
3.the　考查定冠词。中国和欧洲之间通过北极(共97张PPT)
专题五　写作
题型1　应用文写作
类型:广告　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022湖北武汉武昌区质检]假设你是晨光中学高三学生李华,你校创建了英语微信公众号"Voice of Chenguang", 请你写一则广告号召同学们关注该公众号。内容包括:
1.介绍该公众号的内容;
2.号召同学们关注订阅。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇:微信公众号official WeChat account
Subscribe to Our Official WeChat Account
　　Boys and girls of Chenguang High School, we are proud to inform you that ———————————————————————___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 1
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Subscribe to Our Official WeChat Account
　　Boys and girls of Chenguang High School, we are proud to inform you that our school’s official WeChat account, "Voice of Chenguang", has been established. Each week, our dedicated staff will present you with a new issue, filled with selected news both at home and abroad, with insights and analyses on the current events from students and teachers’ perspectives(with复合结构). At the same time, a list of major events and other important dates will be provided, such as scholarship deadlines, sports matches, and club activities, so that you could mark them on your calendar in case of missing anything(so that引导的目的状语从句).
Please subscribe, and let us help you stay on top of all the information that will prove to be vital in leading a memorable high school life(that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词all the information).


答案
类型:通知　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022山东济南学情检测]假定你是新华国际学校的学生李华,你校学生会拟组织学生本周日去博物馆参观"中国百年成就"展,请你代表学生会用英语写一则通知,内容包括:
　　1.活动目的;
　　2.活动安排(时间、交通方式等);
　　3.参加人员。
注意:词数80左右。
参考词汇:中国百年成就China’s 100-Year Achievements
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Writing 2




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Notice
Dear fellow students,
We are going to visit the exhibition of China’s 100-Year Achievements this Sunday, which is intended to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and promote students’ spirit of patriotism(非限制性定语从句).
The exhibition will be held in the local museum, which is not far from our school. Thus, we are supposed to gather at the school gate at 8:00 this Sunday morning and walk there. After getting there, all of us can have a close look at pictures and items regarding the past and watch a documentary at the lecture hall. Finally, we will take a picture together in front of the museum.
All the students who are interested in the exhibition(定语从句) are welcome. Please arrive on time.
Students’ Union
类型:报道　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022江苏高邮学情调研]假设你是李华,红旗中学的一名高三学生。为了纪念南京大屠杀中牺牲的受难者,你校举办了国家公祭日(National Memorial Day)的纪念活动,请你为你校英文报写一篇新闻报道。内容如下:
1.参加人员;
2.活动内容;
3.活动反响。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:南京大屠杀the Nanjing Massacre　默哀silent tribute
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Writing 3




答案
【写作指导】　本题要求写一篇活动报道,介绍学校举办的国际公祭日纪念活动,为半开放式写作。写作时需要注意:1.审要点。题目给了三个要点(参加人员、活动内容和活动反响),根据要点内容合理安排每个要点的详略,参加人员简述即可,活动内容和活动反响可以详细描写。2.审时态和人称。题目要求报道已经发生过的活动,所以时态主要用一般过去时,人称以第三人称为主。3.提分词汇和句式。写作时,注意各要点之间使用合适的关联词衔接,并运用一些高级词汇和高级句式来为自己的作文提升得分档次。
【写作框架】　报道通常需要直截了当地给出事件发生的时间、地点、涉及的人物以及事件的起因、经过和结果。报道的一般结构是:第一段为报道的导语部分,概括主要内容;主体部分具体介绍事件发生的细节;尾段则介绍事件带给人们的启示或对事件的评价。
【范文赏读】
In an attempt to mourn the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, our school held an activity on National Memorial Day, which received great attention(非限制性定语从句).
All students and teachers participated, who paid silent tribute to the victims and heroes in the war(非限制性定语从句). We then watched a video about the origin of National Memorial Day, making students never forget the painful history(非谓语动词短语作状语). While delivering speeches, some representatives said that the heroes who sacrificed their lives for the country would go down in history(that引导宾语从句,who引导定语从句).
The activity was thought highly of. Not only can history be passed down correctly(倒装结构), but also we attach more importance to our peaceful lives.
类型:投稿　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022广东佛山一检]你校英文报开设了新专栏"My Future Plan"。请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.你未来想从事的工作;
2.需要做的准备。
注意:1.写作词数应为 80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Writing 4
【写作指导】　仔细审题,明确写作步骤
1.审体裁&话题:投稿——介绍自己的未来规划
2.审时态:以一般现在时和一般将来时为主
3.审要点:
(1)未来想从事的工作——律师;
(2)为此需要做的准备——努力学习,考上大学,主修法学;
(3)对未来前景的展望和期待——实现梦想,拥有光明的未来和有意义的生活!
【范文赏读】
My Future Plan
When talking about the rosy future, many people would think of a satisfactory job in the first place. To have a dream job(非谓语动词短语作主语)is also the first thing that comes to my mind(定语从句), and I’m determined to be a lawyer.
To achieve my dream(非谓语动词短语作状语), I must work diligently for the time being to have a good command of knowledge. Only through hard work can I be admitted to my ideal university(倒装结构) where I will major in law(定语从句).
In short, I hope my efforts today will pay off next year and I can have a bright future and a meaningful life!
答案
类型:申请信　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:文化意识
[2022福建福州质检]假设你是李华,你校即将举办以"福文化"为主题的中外学生交流活动,正在招募志愿者,请你根据以下内容,写一封申请信。
1.写信目的;
2.个人优势;
3.希望获准。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.信件开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数;
3.不得出现真实姓名和学校名字;
4.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua



Writing 5



答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Dear Sir,
My name is Li Hua. I’m interested in the opportunity to volunteer in the Chinese and foreign students’ exchange activity with "Fu-culture" as the theme.
I gained valuable experience while working as a language assistant in an international organization(状语从句的省略). In this position, I developed confidence in English and eagerness to spread traditional culture. I also participated in school fund-raising programs, which further strengthened my interpersonal and problem-solving skills(非限制性定语从句).
I believe I would be an asset to your team(宾语从句). Please feel free to contact me.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
类型:介绍信　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022湖南长沙适应性考试]假设你是李华,你的英国网友Tony听说中国的很多高中生都在上晚自习,他想知道具体的情况,请你写一封邮件告诉他。内容包括:
1.上晚自习的原因;
2.上晚自习的内容;
3.学生的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Tony,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua



Writing 6




答案
【写作指导】　1.审人称和时态:第一人称为主,第三人称为辅;时态以一般现在时为主。
2.分段落,构建写作框架:
第一段应表明写信的目的;
第二段应该写上晚自习的原因以及上晚自习的内容;
第三段应表达学生的看法。
【范文赏读】
Dear Tony,
I am glad to receive your letter asking for information about evening classes(现在分词短语作后置定语). The following are the details that may help you better understand them(that 引导定语从句).
The reason why we have evening classes is that we have to face the pressure of National College Entrance Examination(why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句). Everyone has to make full use of every minute to study well. Besides,we can finish our homework more effectively while staying at school. When we have evening classes,we can either go over what we have learned in the daytime or take some tests(either...or...; what 引导宾语从句).
Though some students possess opposite opinions,most of us are in favor of (支持) evening classes. After all, time and tide wait for no man.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
类型:建议信　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022湖北十一校联考(一)]假如你是李华,你的外国网友Jack沉迷于抖音(TikTok)不能自拔,写信向你求助,请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括:
1.表示理解与关心;
2.分析抖音对我们生活可能存在的不良影响;
3.提出具体建议。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I do hope my suggestions will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua



Writing 7




答案
【写作思路】
【范文赏读】
Dear Jack,
On hearing that you have been addicted to TikTok recently, I feel it is understandable but I worry about you so I can’t wait to write this email in reply to your problem.
Actually, it is commonly seen that a growing number of teenagers get crazy about TikTok, spending plenty of time watching and sharing videos online, which makes it hard for them to focus on study(which引导非限制性定语从句,其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语). However, action must be taken before things get worse(被动语态). In my opinion, you’d better try and develop other hobbies. Besides, communicating with friends face to face will do the trick. Only in this way will you shift your attention and form good habits(倒装结构).
I do hope my suggestions will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
类型:倡议书　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022辽宁沈阳重点高中联考]假定你是李华,你注意到你校学生很少进行英语文学阅读。请你给全校同学用英语写封倡议书, 倡导大家多阅读英语文学作品。内容包括:
1.介绍现状;
2.你对英语文学作品阅读的看法;
3.发出倡议。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 8




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
My fellow students,
Currently, most students in our school read little English literature, not only because they consider it too difficult, but also because they don’t think it necessary(使用了"动词+宾语+宾语补足语"结构).
In my view, however, English literature is what we can’t afford to miss(what引导表语从句). It offers us an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of English and have a taste of a different culture. Better yet, it allows us to communicate with those great minds.
Therefore, I propose that every one of you should take positive action and read more English literature and you won’t regret it!
类型:邀请信　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022山东名校联考]近日,联合国召开了生物多样化会议。假如你是校学生会主席李华,请向出席会议的代表Mr. Smith 写一封邀请函,请他来你校给学生作演讲。内容包括:
1.发出邀请;
2.告知时间、地点;
3.告知Mr. Smith你们想知道的内容。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇:联合国生物多样化大会 UN Biodiversity Conference
Dear Mr. Smith,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Writing 9




答案
【写作指导】
【写作框架】　邀请信可以是给亲朋好友的普通邀请,也可以是给专家、教授等的正式邀请。邀请信的结构一般是:在第一段表明写信意图,发出邀请;主体部分具体介绍邀请的内容或者介绍活动相关信息;最后表达对被邀请者的期望,并期盼对方回复。
【范文赏读】
Dear Mr. Smith,
We are eager to know something about the UN Biodiversity Conference which was held recently(定语从句). We know that you are one of the attendees(宾语从句), so you are sincerely invited to deliver a speech to us.
The speech is going to be held in the conference hall in our school this Saturday morning. We really want to know what a difference biodiversity makes to our living conditions(宾语从句). Besides, you are really expected to give us some practical suggestions on how to make a contribution to biodiversity("疑问词+不定式"结构作宾语).
We would appreciate it if you could spare some time and give us a wonderful speech. We are looking forward to your early reply. Yours,
Li Hua
类型:演讲稿　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022福建厦门二检]你校英语俱乐部将举办英语演讲比赛,请你以"Family Education Shapes Me"为题写篇演讲稿,内容包括:
1.良好的家庭教育方式;
2.成长的启示。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Family Education Shapes Me
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 10




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Family Education Shapes Me
Good morning, boys and girls, the title of my speech today is "Family Education Shapes Me". Family education has always deeply influenced me,which has benefited me a lot (which引导非限制性定语从句).
Once, my teacher gave me a prize when I got full marks in an exam(when 引导时间状语从句). But when I got home, my mother found a mistake on the paper and asked me to explain the situation to the teacher. I did what Mom said. The teacher asked me to keep the prize as a reward for my honesty. Although I lost full marks, I gained one of the most beautiful qualities. My honest family upbringing has served me well and cleared away many obstacles in my life. Thank you for your listening!
类型:建议信　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:语言能力
[2022江苏常州期末]假定你是李华,学校英文报在组织有关自我保护的征文活动,请你写一份建议信,建议同学们重视地震知识和逃生技能。内容包括:
1.人们忽视地震知识的现象;
2.重视地震逃生知识的意义;
3.掌握地震逃生技能的途径。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 11




答案
【写作指导】
【写作框架】　建议信写作一般可以有以下思路:首段阐述现象或当前面临的状况;主体部分具体叙述建议的内容,并给出相应的理由;尾段提出希望,如希望建议被采纳等。
【范文赏读】
Dear classmates,
Earthquakes are natural disasters that result in severe consequences(定语从句).Unfortunately, people often fail to prepare themselves with necessary skills, thinking of an earthquake as only a theoretical possibility in their places(现在分词短语作状语).
Nothing is impossible. It is significant for us to emphasize the knowledge of escaping from earthquake, which can save our life. Therefore, I strongly advise everyone to equip ourselves with life-saving skills. More importantly, earthquake drills should be held regularly to help us master these skills and reduce this natural force’s damage.
Earthquakes may happen any time. Let’s take action immediately.
Yours,
Li Hua
类型:发言稿　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质
[2022浙江杭州二模]假如你是李华,你校邀请到了专家Mr. Wang为爱尔兰访问团作一个关于中国传统文化的讲座。你将作为主持人将专家介绍给爱尔兰朋友。请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.专家介绍;
3.讲座内容。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Writing 12




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school!
I feel so delighted to be with you and have the chance to introduce our guest speaker, Mr. Wang. As one of the most famous artists in China, Mr. Wang knows better than anyone else how to use the simplest lines to present beauty in paintings(how to do结构作宾语). He also has his unique understanding of the Chinese paintings. Tonight, focusing on the theme "Images in Paintings"(现在分词短语作伴随状语), Mr. Wang will take us on a journey to the spiritual world behind Chinese ink paintings. Let’s welcome Mr. Wang with our warmest applause.
类型:回信　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022山东济南模考]假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Frank写信询问你在北京冬奥会的志愿者经历。请你给他写一封回信,要点如下:
1.介绍服务内容;
2.分享感受;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Frank,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Writing 13


答案
【写作指导】　审时态:一般过去时和一般现在时相结合。
审要点,构建写作框架:第一段应引入话题,并向Frank讲述你的服务内容——在纪念品店当店员;第二段应讲述自己做志愿者的感受——骄傲、责任重大;第三段应表达祝愿。
注意事项:考生在写作时应注意语言的规范表达,如北京冬奥会、相关运动员和运动项目的表达等。另外,注意时态的灵活使用以及内容的连贯性。
【范文赏读】
Dear Frank,
I couldn’t wait to share with you my volunteer experience in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, where I served as a souvenir shop assistant taking charge of delivering mascots to players from all over the world(非限制性定语从句).
Though it seems that the work is of little importance(让步状语从句), I take pride in being a volunteer, especially when I handed a Bing Dwen Dwen to an athlete who won the golden medal(定语从句). Meanwhile, I also felt a great responsibility, as every single word and every single action of mine represents the country(原因状语从句).
I do hope you like the postcard I sent to you. Have a good time.
Yours,
Li Hua
类型:投稿　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022重庆二测]"英雄航天员"王亚平十几年如一日刻苦训练,从不言弃,终于实现了自己的航天梦。你校《学生英文报》正在组织"向王亚平学习"的英语征文活动,请你向校报投稿,内容包括:
1.她的优秀品质;
2.如何向她学习。
注意:1.写作词数应为 80 左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 14




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Wang Yaping is the first female astronaut of China who performed the spacewalk by Shenzhou XIII(定语从句).
She is the one deserving our highest respect for her persistence in the decade-long hard training(现在分词短语作后置定语). Never did she give up(Never位于句首引起的倒装结构)and ultimately she achieved her space dream. She is also a heroine from whom we should learn(定语从句). When failing in exams(时间状语从句), we should reflect on our weak points and do countless exercises rather than abandoning ourselves to sorrow. Faced with difficulties, we should recover from low spirits and quickly regain the calmness as Wang Yaping does(方式状语从句).
Hard work can pay off. Let’s learn from our heroine — Wang Yaping.
类型:介绍信　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:文化意识
[2022福建名校测评]假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Lucas就你校开展的以"建设绿色校园"为主题的环保周活动来信向你咨询相关情况,请你用英语给他回信,内容包括:
1.开展活动的目的;
2.你在活动中的表现;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Lucas,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Writing 15




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Dear Lucas,
How are you recently
To improve students’ awareness of environmental protection(非谓语动词短语作状语), a practical activity on the theme of "Building Green School" was held in our school last week. I took an active part in the activity and did something useful. During the activity, I collected waste which can be recycled(定语从句). I also learned many ways to save energy. It is a meaningful activity from which I learned a lot(定语从句).
I hope all of us can stick to good habits and make our school a more beautiful and comfortable place.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
类型:投稿　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:文化意识
[2022广东广州一测]某英文杂志开设"一周一成语"专栏,向外国读者介绍中国成语。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍成语"锲而不舍"。内容包括:
1.解释字面意思;
2.阐释道理。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 16




答案
【写作指导】　审体裁:应用文——投稿
审时态——一般现在时
分段落,构建写作框架:第一段引出话题,第二段解释锲而不舍的字面意思和深层含义,第三段升华主题。
【范文赏读1】
锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)
　　Chinese culture values the great spirit of persistence. Lots of idioms express such meaning, among which is the one we’ll introduce this week — 锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)("介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句).
"锲(qiè)" means "the act of carving" and "不舍(bù shě)" means"not giving up". This idiom, as a whole, suggests if we keep carving, we will eventually turn a metal or stone piece into an artwork, however hard it is(if引导的条件状语从句和however引导的让步状语从句). Taking carving metal or stone as an analogy(现在分词短语作状语), this idiom highlights the moral that if we don’t give up, we will achieve our goal one day(that引导的同位语从句,其中包含了if引导的条件状语从句).
Dear friends, the road to success is a continuous journey. Whenever you set up a goal(whenever引导的时间状语从句), stick to it and you’ll finally succeed with ongoing efforts("祈使句+and+陈述句"结构).




答案
【范文赏读2】
锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)
　　For this week’s Chinese idiom to share, I would like to introduce"锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)", one with an enlightening moral behind it(with复合结构).
With"锲(qiè)"meaning"to carve" and"不舍(bù shě)"meaning"never to stop", this idiom literally means "carving the gold stone without stopping". Figuratively(比喻地), this idiom denotes(意指) the admirable personality of perseverance in pursuing a goal, or the spirit of never giving up. It is firmly believed in Chinese philosophy that with constant efforts, one is bound to succeed.
So may we all have the spirit of being "锲而不舍(qiè ér bù shě)" in our study and work and be rewarded with a fruitful harvest.
类型:帖子　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022名师原创]你校某社团正在开展以"How to Spread Chinese Culture in English"为主题的英语线上交流活动。请你写一则帖子,谈谈你的看法。内容包括:
1.推荐做法;
2.你的期待。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
How to Spread Chinese Culture in English
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 17




答案
【写作指导】　1.通过审题我们可以看出这则帖子应该至少包括以下部分:①我们在英语学习中应该做些什么来弘扬中华文化 即提出建议;②希望大家能够为实现这一目的而努力学好英语。此外,弘扬中华文化也是英语学习的重要目的之一,这一点可以在文章开头简单说明,从而顺理成章地引出第一个要点。
　　2.时态和人称:时态以现在时为主,人称以第一人称为主。
【范文赏读】
How to Spread Chinese Culture in English
As is known to us all(非限制性定语从句), one important purpose of learning English is to spread Chinese culture. To achieve this, we should pay attention to the following aspects.
First, we must take pride in our culture genuinely, which enables us to get it known to more foreigners confidently(非限制性定语从句). Second, we should familiarize ourselves with Chinese culture. Last but not least, our English communication skills have to be improved. Only in this way can we spread Chinese culture effectively(倒装句).
I hope we all realize the importance of this task and work hard to introduce our motherland to the world by spreading our culture.
类型:通知　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022名师原创]你校将开展"感受科技兴农"主题社会实践活动。请你在校报英文版上发一则通知,内容包括:
1.活动目的;
2.时间地点;
3.活动安排。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 18



答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
To inspire our interest in science and technology, our school will launch a social practice activity whose theme is "Experience Agricultural Development from Science and Technology"(whose引导的定语从句).
As scheduled, we’ll leave at 8 am this Saturday for Victory Village. Once there, we’ll go to an automated farm, learning about modern agricultural methods and tasting organic foods(现在分词短语作伴随状语). Later, we’ll visit a hybrid rice planting base, where experts will explain how technology is applied to rice growing(where引导定语从句,其中how引导宾语从句). After that, we’ll have an opportunity to ask them other relevant questions. And we’ll return around noon.
Hope everyone can join this activity(发出呼吁), because it’ll definitely be worthwhile.
类型:投稿　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识
[2022名师原创]你校正在开展阳光体育活动,请你据此给某英文报社写一篇文章,内容包括:
1.活动目的;
2.开展方式;
3.你的看法。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 19




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
Nowadays, many a student doesn’t have enough time to do sports, which causes some health problems like being overweight(非限制性定语从句). Therefore, our school is conducting Sunshine Sports activities with the aim of arousing our interest in sports and improving our health.
As scheduled(省略句), the activities are held from 5:30 to 6:00 every afternoon. We are free to do whatever we like(宾语从句), such as rope skipping, martial arts, table tennis, and badminton. The schoolyard is full of laughter and life.
The Sunshine Sports activities, as the name suggests(定语从句), make us "sunshine" teens. Besides, we have a better understanding of sports, friendship as well as team spirit.
类型:申请信　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:文化意识
[2022名师原创]假定你是李华,现在国外做交换生。你所在城市的多元文化博物馆将开展"文化中国"主题交流活动。请给负责人Ms Tailor写一封信,申请做志愿者。内容包括:
1.写信目的;
2.个人优势;
3.期待回复。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 20




答案
【写作指导】 本文要求考生写一封申请信,人称应以第一人称为主,时态以一般现在时为主。根据要点提示,考生可采用"三段式"结构来行文。
第一段点明写信目的(申请做志愿者)。可用的表达:express my interest in the position...; recommend myself as a qualified candidate for...; work in ... as a volunteer等。
第二段阐述个人优势(沟通能力强、了解中国文化、经验丰富等)。可用的表达:have a gift for...; have no difficulty communicating with...; get along with; previous volunteer experience; sociable and responsible等。
第三段表达感谢和期待回复。可用的表达:I would be very grateful if...; I would appreciate it if...; Thank you for considering my application等。
【范文赏读】
Dear Ms Tailor,
I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China. Hearing you’re recruiting volunteers for the activity about Chinese culture(现在分词短语作状语), I’m writing to apply for the position.
Firstly, I have a good command of English so that I can communicate well with those attending the activity(结果状语从句). Secondly, I have been keen on Chinese culture and gained in-depth knowledge about it, which enables me to give people new insights into it(非限制性定语从句). Furthermore, my previous volunteer experience helps qualify me for the position.
Thank you for considering my application, and I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
题型2　读后续写
话题:公交车候车亭　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022山东济南模考]Two months ago, Ryder Killam, a 15-year-old French boy was registered in a new school in Hawaii. He just moved there with his parents. Although he missed his old friends very much, he managed to adapt to his new school life and soon made a lot of friends.
However, waiting for the school bus every morning often meant real suffering because Ryder was born with spina bifida (脊柱裂)and he has to live in a wheelchair. Hawaii is one of the rainiest places in the world. This is not an issue for other students, but for him this was a different story. He often got wet all over before the school bus arrived during the rainy days. In that case, he could only have classes with wet clothes on or call his parents to send dry clothes to school and finding a place to get changed was also a big challenge for this disabled boy.
To keep Ryder protected from the bad weather while he was waiting for the bus every morning, the students in Ryder’s school decided to take action. They first uploaded a post on social media asking for an unused bus shelter but got no reply.
Not being able to find one, the students from the construction class decided to take on the challenge of building a customized bus shelter for him and quickly put their hands to work.
As part of the high school’s Career and Technical Education program, the construction class teaches its students basic building skills. Its main goal is to provide students with tools and skills that will have real applications in future jobs and a meaningful impact on their community. They had already performed several building projects for the community. Two years ago, they managed to build dozens of shelters for stray cats in the local park. Soon enough, they came up with an idea of building a two-window shelter for Ryder.
Writing 1
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
However, these teenagers found building this bus shelter was no easy job. __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put to use. ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 1




答案
【写作指导】　故事脉络:15岁的Ryder Killam是一个天生患有脊柱裂的男孩,他和父母搬到了夏威夷,他和同学们相处得很好。夏威夷多雨,Ryder Killam经常在等校车时衣服被淋湿,这给他带来很多困扰。为了帮助Ryder Killam,他的同学们在网上发帖想要找一个不用的公交车候车亭,但是,无人回应。于是,他们决定自己动手……
谋篇布局:根据续写第一段的提示句可知,本段应该会呈现这份工作具体的难处,以及针对这些难处的解决办法。考生可就难处进行设想,并合理构思解决方案。注意在续写的时候要做到合情合理。
根据续写第二段的提示句可知,本段应该会讲到同学们终于建好公交车候车亭并将其投入使用的情况。考生可增加一定的戏剧性,如采用给Ryder Killam制造惊喜的方式等。本段中,考生应注意对Ryder Killam的心理状态和动作进行刻画,并升华主题,呈现一个合情合理又富有意义的结尾。
【范文赏读】
However, these teenagers found building this bus shelter was no easy job. First, they needed to design a shelter suitable for Ryder Killam’s height(形容词短语作后置定语). Then, the shelter should be strong enough to protect itself from rain and strong winds. More importantly, they needed to have all the materials prepared. The information was posted on social media, calling on people to donate materials. This time, they received active responses. After several days’ continuous efforts, they finally made it.
The day finally came when the new bus shelter was put to use. On a rainy day, as you can guess, Ryder Killam burst into tears when he saw a customized two-window bus shelter in front of him in the rain(时间状语从句). It was so pretty. Everyone in the school bus smiled at him, and he smiled back. It was the first time that he had kept himself dry after moving to Hawaii. He couldn’t feel more grateful ("否定词+比较级"表示最高级)to his schoolmates from his heart. He felt it a privilege to be taken good care of.
话题:买平底便鞋　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022苏锡常镇四市一调]Keeping up with fashion seemed so important when I was a teenager. Back in 1973, if you weren’t wearing Penny Loafers (平底便鞋) you’d just as soon go around in your bare feet. There was only one problem that year. I didn’t have a pair of Penny Loafers.
"I need some money for Penny Loafers." I told my dad one afternoon at the place where he worked as a car mechanic.
Dad looked at me for a full minute before he answered, "Wear those shoes one more day. Look at every pair of shoes you see at school. If you can tell me that you are worse off than the other kids, I’ll buy new shoes for you."
The next day, I did what Dad said. I saw many schoolmates wore shabby shoes of the likes I’d never had to wear, and shoes with holes in them, but I had no intention of telling him the results.
When school was out, I rushed to the place where Dad worked. It was quiet. Only an occasional clank of metal could be heard as Dad worked under a car. Then Dad’s shoes came into my sight. They were old and black, and they were the kind mechanics and service station attendants wore. I saw the mended soles (鞋底) and the spliced laces (鞋带).
"Did you do what I told you today "
"Yes, sir."
"Well, what do you want to do " He looked as though he might know what my answer would be.
Writing 2
"I still want the Penny Loafers." I forced myself not to look at his shoes.
Dad handed me ten dollars. I took the money and went to the store two blocks down the street. A rack (架子) on a far wall appeared as if it had a million pairs of black Penny Loafers resting on it. On a rack next to it was a sign that reads "CLEARANCE 50% OFF".Below the sign sat several "young" versions of Dad’s shoes.
注意:1.续写词数应为 150 左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　My mind was playing ping-pong. ________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I ran back to the shop and put Dad’s new shoes on the seat in his car. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 2




答案
【写作指导】　故事梗概:在青少年时期,"我"为了赶潮流,想要买一双平底便鞋。在汽车修理厂工作的父亲让"我"在学校里看看其他人穿的鞋。如果"我"穿的鞋是最破旧的鞋,他就答应给"我"买一双平底便鞋。第二天,"我"去学校后看到许多同学穿着破旧的鞋,可是"我"不打算告诉父亲真相,于是父亲给了"我"十美元。在商店的货架上,"我"看到了平底便鞋中有清仓甩卖的"年轻版"的适合爸爸穿的鞋……
续写思路:根据续写第一段首句可确定第一段的写作思路——看到货架上的平底便鞋,"我"想到父亲穿的鞋了吗 那些平底便鞋对"我"还有吸引力吗 "我"给父亲买鞋了吗 根据续写第二段首句可确定第二段的写作思路——父亲看到"我"给他买的鞋后他的感受如何 "我"是怎样和父亲解释这件事的 父亲的举动如何
【范文赏读】
My mind was playing ping-pong. His old and black shoes flashed through my mind. But my gaze again fell on the brand new Penny Loafers. I was fascinated by these gleaming shoes and couldn’t take my eyes off them. I was about to spend all my ten dollars on them when I recollected Dad’s worn-out shoes("be about to do...when"固定句型). The gleam of the Loafers started to dull. I took shoes of my dad’s size from the clearance rack and darted to the checkout counter.
I ran back to the shop and put Dad’s new shoes on the seat in his car. The moment we got in the car Dad picked up the box. When he opened it he just stared without saying a word. A mixture of guilt and delight came from the bottom of my heart. He looked first at the shoes and then at me. "I thought you need a new pair of shoes more than I do." I broke the silence. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and we sat looking at each other for a moment(现在分词短语作伴随状语). Nothing else was said. Dad started the car and we went home.
话题:远离网络　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022山东潍坊统考]I could feel the excitement rising in me as I held the beautifully wrapped present in my hands. I fumbled (抚弄) with the string and then unable to contain my curiosity any longer, I opened it. It was a shiny, brand new laptop. I had scored straight As for my O level and this was my reward. I had always envied my friends who were exchanging news about "chat rooms", "instant messaging" and "e-mailing", all of which I knew nothing about. Now I was going to find out.
It started out simply enough. I was searching for some information online when I chanced upon a social networking site. Soon I became glued to my new-found electronic friend. I began to spend more and more time on the Internet. I had never imagined that the day would come when I would be addicted to the glowing screen before me. Whenever I was not glued to these social networking sites, I would be going through gossip or fashion websites.
As time passed, I realized that I was hooked on the Internet. During weekends, when I had more time on my hands, I could easily spend a few hours on my laptop. It came to a point where I chose to lock myself in my room, refusing to come out and take part in family discussions. I preferred to stay connected to the people I befriended in cyberspace although I had never met them. Soon I was spending the small hours of the morning being glued to the Internet. Sleep was no longer complete and continuous. My grades at school also began worsening.

Writing 3
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval._________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　Then one day, my father took away my laptop. _____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 、
Writing 3




答案
【写作指导】
【范文赏读】
It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval. It became obvious to them that I was spending too much time on the Internet(主语从句). I was asked to cut down my usage of the Internet. Yet, however hard I tried(让步状语从句), I was unable to pull myself away, terminate my chat sessions or concentrate on my lessons. I was desperate for just another click, just another look at my e-mail or message board.
Then one day, my father took away my laptop. I begged my dad, but he had made up his mind. Over time I realized that Dad and Mum had always wanted the best for me(宾语从句). That was when I decided to take the big step(表语从句) — to conquer my Internet addiction. Quitting was harder than I expected(比较状语从句). But with dogged determination I knew that I would be able to do it and promised my parents that I would turn over a new leaf(宾语从句).
话题:合理安排时间　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022广东广州一测]When my little brother Tom was four, Mom said something like "I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day!". And Tom said, "Why don’t we buy a bigger clock " If time worked that way, I could have used an extra-big clock last week!
Our teacher had asked us to make an art project showing how plants eat. "I can’t believe we only have two nights to finish it," Noah said with a sigh. "I have no idea how I’ll get mine done."
I didn’t say anything, not because I was nervous — I wasn’t nervous at all. I love art projects! In fact, I was so relaxed that I didn’t work on the project at all on Monday night. I planned to start the minute I got home from baseball practice on Tuesday. But there was just one thing.
I forgot baseball would run later than usual because it was the day of Baseball Buddies, which happens every month, and it’s a chance for us older students to practice baseball with the adorable younger kids. The second I got home, I threw the entire craft box (工艺盒) onto the kitchen table, took out my "How Plants Eat" paper, and started to work. But just then, the telephone rang.
It was my friend Ollie, who said his grandmother Abuela had just made cookies and wanted to know if I’d come to help decorate them. I love decorating cookies, and I love, love, love Abuela’s world-famous holiday cookies!
I had no choice. I had to go. Ollie and I put all the star-shaped cookies with red jam filling in one group, and all the snowflake-shaped cookies with white cream-cheese filling in another. It was 7 o’clock when I finally got home. I planned to work on my project right after we ate. But then another interruption hit me.
Writing 4
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
　　Just as I was about to start, Dad said, "Joanna, it’s your turn to do the dishes." ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　Looking at the big "F" on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 4




答案
【写作指导】　故事梗概:上周"我"因时间规划不当导致原本很有把握的美术作业得了"F","我"对此作出反思。
续写思路:续写第一段:结合对上文的分析以及续写第二段所给提示可知,这段应描述"我"尽兴而归,晚饭过后却不得不先洗完碗后才能完成作业。由此可知,"我"的心情必然与参加棒球训练和装饰曲奇时的心情有强烈反差。夜深了"我"可能疲惫交加,还可能会被催促上床睡觉。总之,应该是在慌乱中草草了事,着急、无奈、愧疚的情绪交织在一起。续写第二段:根据上文内容以及本段的提示句可知,这段应围绕"我"反思的具体内容以及总结展开。重要情节可包括:①"我"反思了什么 ②"我"感悟到了什么道理 ③"我"要采取什么方法改变自己 ④点题:凡事要做好规划并落实,重要的事情先做等等。
注意事项:原文采用第一人称和一般过去时,续写时应保持一致。根据故事情节发展,续写第一段可采用丰富多样的细节描写生动地再现"我"的表现,包括:时间的飞逝、行为上的慌乱以及情绪上的焦急、不安与懊悔等。续写第二段则可以适当使用虚拟语气体现反思过程中的深刻悔悟,续写时还可以充分利用前文中的关键线索来组织语言,这样能使文章内容更加意味深长。例如,可以根据第一段妈妈说的"I’d give anything...in the day"来表达对时间的理解;巧妙运用弟弟曲解妈妈话语时所说的"a bigger clock"来营造隐喻(make better use of time)。
【范文赏读1】
　　Just as I was about to start, Dad said, "Joanna, it’s your turn to do the dishes." It was then that I remembered my duty(强调句型). There was no excuse. I couldn’t shirk(逃避) my duty, so I rushed to the kitchen with the piles of dirty plates and washed them as quickly as I could. When I was finally able to sit down at the kitchen table, it was already 8:30! At that moment, I wished, for a thousand times, that I had used an extra-big clock for extra time (that引导宾语从句,从句中使用了虚拟语气)! However, the truth was that no matter how hard I tried,




答案
I could not finish my whole project in such a short time(that引导表语从句,no matter how引导让步状语从句). As a result, my art teacher failed me the next day.
Looking at the big "F" on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days. If I had done my art project on Monday night(if引导虚拟条件句), I could still enjoy the baseball practice and the cookie decoration. Unpredictable things happen all the time, so the best solution is to plan ahead and take action as planned. We can’t actually buy a bigger clock and have more time, but we can surely make better use of it. I failed the project, but I was lucky to have learned the lesson of "a bigger clock".
【范文赏读2】
Just as I was about to start, Dad said, "Joanna, it’s your turn to do the dishes." With a sigh, I dragged my feet to the sink with piles of dirty plates. The oily dishes seemed to be teasing at my foolishness, driving away the baseball excitement and the cookie joy. When I finally settled down at the kitchen table, the clock was striking nine! Now I understood Mom’s words, "I’d give anything to have a few more hours in the day!" Overwhelmed by great anxiety(过去分词短语作状语), I grabbed the blank paper with my sweaty hands and wanted to finish it eagerly. But the baseball had swallowed my energy and the cookies had stolen my creative ideas. I could barely finish when Mom urged me to go to bed. This was the first time that I had felt so nervous and ashamed — to hand in such a poor work.
Looking at the big "F"on my paper, I started to reflect on what I had done these days. I could find many excuses — I barely had enough time to get the project properly done. Obviously we could not have more hours in a day, but we could manage our time a little better. "So, what I really should do later(主语从句) is to make sure that the priority goes to the most important thing," I told myself. When I start to follow this rule, my life seems to go much more smoothly.
话题:糟糕的心情　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力
[2022河北保定一模]It was early morning, yet already it had been a very bad day. One thing after another, the downward spiral(螺旋) continued when a large bottle of orange juice slid from my hands and fell to the floor. Glass and sticky juice splashed onto the farthest corners of the kitchen. Shocked, I looked at the mess. Then I dropped heartbrokenly down to the floor, my eyes filling with tears. The tears seemed to show that "today is just not my day".
Bad day or not, things had to be done. Filled with anxiety and negative mental baggage, I got in my car to drive into town. In the few minutes it took to travel to the bank, I made a decision. I would be careful not to pass my bad day off to anyone else. I would be friendly and polite. And I would NOT be angry when that careless driver pulled quickly and rudely in front of me, causing me to brake suddenly.
Standing in line at the bank, I was silently talking to myself. Actually, I was scolding myself. All of the events that had accumulated and contributed to my bad day were, in reality, so very minor and trivial. I was overreacting. I was filled with self-pity. I tried to imagine the innumerable, individual lives that had been affected by terrorist attacks, by wars, by hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters.
For the second time that day my eyes filled with tears as I realized how disconnected I felt from all those individuals who were trying to cope with truly miserable experiences in their lives.
They all seemed so distant and unknowable, and this justified and strengthened my belief that I was being self-centered and selfish. I was sure that all my efforts to be a caring and loving person were in vain.
Writing 5
A voice broke through my mental distractions. Somehow I had mechanically finished my bank transaction(交易) and the teller was trying to get my attention. "Young lady,"she was saying, gently. "Young lady!"
注意:1.续写词数应为 150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
I looked up and into the eyes of the bank teller, a silver-haired grandmother with gentle beauty. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the moment of her touching my hands, my self-doubt disappeared. _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 5




答案
【写作指导】　故事梗概:早晨"我"心情很差,还不慎打碎了一瓶橙汁。但是"我"不打算将糟糕的心情带给他人,当一辆车在我面前转向时"我"会控制自己不生气;在银行排队时"我"想到那些遭受恐怖袭击、战争、飓风、地震及其他自然灾害的人,觉得自己的遭遇是微不足道的。办完银(共235张PPT)
专题一　阅读理解
考点1　细节理解
话题:志愿者招募　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约259
[2022山东济南学情检测·A]There are hundreds of non-profit organizations welcoming students under the age of 18 as volunteers. In these activities, students can develop important life skills, cultural awareness and a lifelong passion for services.
Union Station Homeless Services
Whether you volunteer in our kitchens to prepare meals or in our offices to help with administrative projects, you will be a valuable member of our family. We do our best to match volunteers with a position that suits their interest and skills.
Minimum Age: 12
Call: 626-240-4550
Northeast Animal Shelter
　　The Northeast Animal Shelter, established in 1976, is one of New England’s largest non-profit shelters where the pets can be taken good care of. We have placed thousands of dogs and cats since we opened our doors. As soon as a dog or a cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them. While waiting for a warm home, the dogs and cats receive the best care.
Minimum Age: 16
Call: 745-988-8305
Needham Community Farm
注：属于本考点的试题题干用蓝色突出标记。
Passage 1
The mission of Needham Community Farm is to deepen our community’s connection to nature and the food system by providing farm-based education, increasing access to healthy produce and encouraging environmental protection.
Minimum Age: 13
Call: 781-449-5300
Arlington Public Library
Serving more than 1.5 million people a year, Arlington Public Library holds more than 600,000 items, from books, ebooks, and DVDs, to digital photo collections and provides funded kits for parents and teachers. We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.
Minimum Age: 14
Call: 817-459-6900
1.Which non-profit organization cares for people in need 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Arlington Public Library. B.Northeast Animal Shelter.
C.Needham Community Farm. D.Union Station Homeless Services.
2.What will volunteers do for animals in Northeast Animal Shelter
A.Cook healthy meals. B.Build perfect homes.
C.Find adoptive families. D.Search for their owners.
Passage 1
3.What is the requirement for volunteers in Arlington Public Library
A.They should be skillful at sorting out items.
B.They ought to be at least 12 years old.
C.They must have experience in community service.
D.They should be capable of taking digital photos.
【考点突破】　高考细节理解题考查最多的是直接信息题和间接信息题。考生在做直接信息题时,应先认真审题,准确把握题目的问题指向,找准关键词;其次迅速浏览文章,快速定位到文章的相关信息;最后细读相关文段,结合选项进行甄别筛选,确定答案。
间接信息题有三大命题角度,分别是词语替换类细节题、数字计算类细节题和信息综合类细节题。针对词语替换类细节题,考生可采用词语复现法:第一步,审清题目问的是什么,带着问题有针对性地扫读原文,迅速锁定相关信息;第二步,通过语意转换,在文章中寻找题干中关键词语的同义词或近义词;第三步,仔细比较选项与原文信息,选出答案。考生在做数字计算类细节题时,可使用查读分析法:第一步,明确题目要求,带着题干信息在文中找到相关细节;第二步,对相关数字信息进行分析,厘清逻辑关系;第三步,进行简单计算,得出答案。对于信息综合类细节题,考生可采用定位甄别法:第一步,仔细阅读题干,抓住关键词语,定位文中的相关细节信息;第二步,综合分析原文细节,结合选项概括总结;第三步,准确理解各选项含义,仔细对比、分析、甄别,然后确定答案。
答案
Passage 1
本文是应用文。文章介绍了几个学生志愿服务项目。
1.D　考查细节理解。综合文中全部招募信息和常识可知,Union Station Homeless Services是为无家可归的人提供服务的机构,是帮助贫困者的机构,故D项正确。
2.C　考查细节理解。根据Northeast Animal Shelter部分中的"our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them"可知,Northeast Animal Shelter的志愿者帮助动物寻找收养家庭,故C项正确。
3.C　考查细节理解。根据Arlington Public Library部分中的"We only accept the volunteers with community service experience"可知,Arlington Public Library只招募有社区服务经验的志愿者,故C项正确。
【核心单词】　non-profit adj. 不以营利为目的的,非营利的　access n. 通道;(使用或见到的)机会,权利
话题:尼斯湖景点　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约267
[2022福建福州质检·A]With the attractive scenery and the possibility of a sighting of a monster(怪物), Loch Ness is the one of those rare destinations that engages everyone.
Urquhart Castle
Captured by Edward Ⅰ in 1296, this prized castle changed hands between the Scots and the English on several occasions. Though ruined today, it’s still possible to climb the Grant Tower and visit the battlements and prison cells. A café and the visitor centre offer modern facilities in historic surroundings.
The Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition
For those who wish to digest the complete history of Loch Ness, this centre is particularly good at documenting the history of this mysterious stretch of water, including many attempts to search for Nessie, the infamous monster. It also holds curious artifacts(手工艺品)such as the diving suit worn by Lloyd Scott when he undertook(开始进行) his underwater marathon.
The Clansman Centre
At the south end of Loch Ness, this attraction uncovers the truth surrounding 18th-century family life. Audience members get the opportunity to put on Highland dress and there’s a demonstration of how weapons were used. The presentations take place within the recreated interior of a Highland house, adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性).
South Loch Ness Trail
Passage 2
This route invites hikers along the quieter south side of Loch Ness, passing through three villages, and taking in the Falls of Foyers. Walkers hike a mix of minor roads and forest tracks, with highlights including Suidhe Viewpoint (a mountainous view at 1,200 feet). If it sounds too easy-going, then consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail instead for a more challenging route.
1.Which place best suits visitors interested in Nessie
A.Urquhart Castle. B.The Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition.
C.The Clansman Centre. D.South Loch Ness Trail.
2 What is special about The Clansman Centre
A.It provides a genuine scene. B.It displays fascinating scenery.
C.It exhibits entertaining artifacts. D.It possesses modern conveniences.
3.Which of the following would a tourist choose if he wants to challenge himself
A.Seeking the Falls of Foyers. B.Walking along the quieter side.
C.Hiking the Loch Ness 360° Trail. D.Searching a mix of minor roads and tracks.
Passage 2
答案
本文是应用文,主要介绍了有着迷人风光和水怪传说的尼斯湖的几个景点。
1.B　考查细节理解。根据The Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition部分中的"this centre is...search for Nessie"可知,对尼斯湖水怪感兴趣的游客可以去The Loch Ness Centre & Exhibition参观,故B项正确。
2.A　考查细节理解。根据The Clansman Centre部分中的"The presentations...adding atmosphere and authenticity(真实性)"可知,The Clansman Centre的特别之处在于它提供了真实的景象,故A项正确。
3.C　考查细节理解。根据South Loch Ness Trail部分中的"consider the Loch Ness 360° Trail...challenging route"可知,游客要想挑战自我,可以去Loch Ness 360° Trail,故C项正确。
【核心单词】　capture v. 夺取,抢占　infamous adj. 声名狼藉的;臭名远扬的　interior n. 内部;内陆
话题:成年仪式　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约277
[2022广东广州调研·A]Entering adulthood is an important step in everyone’s life. It means that a young person must soon leave childishness behind and start to shoulder grown-up responsibilities.
In Germany, "Jugendfeier" is a coming-of-age ceremony for 14-year-olds. They go to school to prepare for the occasion, studying lessons with topics like cultural respect and social responsibility, which will help them become worthy citizens. The hope is that the young people taking part in the ceremony will take on these values for themselves.
In Latin America, a "quincea era" is a celebration for girls on their 15th birthday, marking a girl’s entry into womanhood. In the past, a "quincea era" was intended to ready girls for marriage and they were taught cooking, sewing and other household skills in preparation. Today, it’s similar to how one’s 18th birthday is considered an important day in other cultures.
In India, the sacred thread ceremony is performed when a boy is grown-up. He is given three sacred threads representing three promises he makes: to respect knowledge, to respect his parents and to respect society. After the ceremony, the boy, traditionally, leaves his family to live with a guru (teacher). At this point the boy becomes "twice born" — first his physical birth and second his intellectual birth through the teacher’s care.
In Vanuatu, young boys come of age by jumping off a 98-foot-tall tower with a bungee-like rope tied to their ankles, just barely preventing them from hitting the ground. At the ceremony, the boy’s mother will hold something representing his childhood, and after the jump the item will be thrown away, representing the end of childhood. He is now a man, ready to protect the family.
Passage 3
1.What is the shared expectation of the four coming-of-age ceremonies
A.Having respect for knowledge. B.Getting ready to raise a family.
C.Acquiring cross-cultural awareness. D.Developing a sense of responsibility.
2.Which app might appeal to people entering adulthood in Germany
A. B. C. D.
3.In which place are things with special meanings given to the young attendants
A.Germany. B.Latin America. C.India. D.Vanuatu.
Passage 3
答案
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国、拉丁美洲、印度和瓦努阿图的成年仪式。
1.D　考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句"It means that...shoulder grown-up responsibilities",再结合下文介绍的四种不同国家和地区的成年仪式可知,四种成年仪式的共同期望是培养年轻人的责任感。
2.A　考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句"They go to...become worthy citizens"可知,在德国,孩子们要去学校为成年仪式做准备,学习以文化尊重和社会责任等为主题的课程。A项是志愿服务应用软件,与承担社会责任有关,据此可推知,A项正确。
3.C　考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句"He is given...to respect society"可知,在印度的成年仪式上,男孩将会收到三根神圣的线,分别代表他做出的三个承诺:尊重知识、尊重父母和尊重社会。
【核心单词】　ceremony n. 仪式;典礼;礼节;礼仪　ready v. 做好……的准备;(为……)做好准备 adj. 准备好;准备完毕
【词缀变形】　intellectual adj. 智力的;理智的;有才智的→intellect n. 智力;智力高的人
【难句分析】　They go to school to prepare for the occasion, studying lessons with topics like cultural respect and social responsibility, which will help them become worthy citizens.
　　分析:句中现在分词短语studying lessons...citizens作状语;which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代前面的 "studying lessons with topics like cultural respect and social responsibility"。
　　译文:他们去学校为这个仪式做准备,学习以文化尊重和社会责任等为主题的课程,这将帮助他们成为优秀的公民。
话题:猫妈妈的母爱　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约314
[2022山东济南模考·B]Whether it be a person, an animal, or even an insect, a mother’s instincts (本能)are never wrong. This idea rings true for a mother cat who acted fast and sought help when her kittens were in trouble. This mother cat’s quick thinking may have just saved her babies.
In the urban district of Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked into a regular hospital holding a kitten in her mouth. As the mother cat moved through the hospital, people were surprised to see such a sight, but let her pass. The mother cat asked for help, crying for a long time. She was familiar to the hospital staff, who had been leaving her food and water outside, but they were unaware that she had given birth to kittens.
The mother cat was concerned for her young because they weren’t able to open their eyes. After the doctors looked at the kittens, they noticed that they were suffering from eye infections. One of the doctors recalls, "We consulted vets (兽医)and gave medicine as described. When the kittens opened their eyes a short time later, we were excited." Later, they were sent to an animal hospital for further care. The cats are now up for adoption and will hopefully find loving homes.
When it comes to mother cats and kittens, kittens completely depend on mothers for the first few months of their lives. Because they are blind and almost deaf until about two or three weeks old, the mother cats must protect them from any threat or danger. Without the mother cats’ help, the kittens may not make it to adulthood.
As shown by the mother cat in Turkey, a mother’s love and protection knows no bounds. Whether the mom is a human or a cat, she will
Passage 4
always look out for her babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.
1.Why did the mother cat show up in the hospital
A.To seek food. B.To express thanks.
C.To get her babies treated. D.To give birth to her babies.
2.How did the doctors help the baby cats
A.They built them a home. B.They adopted all of them.
C.They gave them right medicine. D.They operated on them immediately.
3.What makes newly-born cats dependent on their mothers
A.Their physical state. B.Their eating habit.
C.Their appearance. D.Their behavior.
4.What can we learn from the story
A.A cat has nine lives. B.Love makes a difference.
C.One good turn deserves another. D.God helps those who help themselves.
Passage 4
答案
本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一只猫妈妈叼着自己感染眼疾的猫宝宝去医院寻求帮助,并得到帮助的故事。
1.C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The mother cat...from eye infections"可知,猫妈妈出现在医院里是为了给自己的猫宝宝寻求治疗,故C项正确。
2.C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中一名医生的回忆"We consulted vets(兽医)and gave medicine as described"可知,医生询问兽医之后,给猫宝宝用了药,故C项正确。
3.A　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Because they are...three weeks old"可知,新出生的猫宝宝之所以依赖妈妈是因为它们的身体状态还不足以让它们独立,故A项正确。
4.B　考查推理判断。根据文章内容,尤其是最后一段中的"a mother’s love...safe and healthy"可知,文章讲述了母爱的力量,由此可知,爱可以产生影响,故B项正确。
【核心短语】　ring true 给人以真实(或空洞、虚假)的印象　be up for 正被考虑,被提名(作候选人等);愿意参与(某活动)
Passage 5
话题:农场主体验日活动　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约258
Farmer for a day Your introduction to the wonderful world of farming Experience Overview Farmer Experience Day is suitable for children over 10 years of age to adults, which provide the most popular activities in Rushmoor Farm Park. This is a great opportunity to see how a farm works and how to care for animals. You will join one of our team members performing farming duties. Experience Price One Person　￡55 Two People　￡80 All participants will be given a Rushmoor farmer T-shirt. Lunch will be included with a pot of tea or coffee. Cupcakes, pudding and other desserts are also available in a cafe which are not included in the price. 　　What to Expect
The day starts at 10 am. You will be welcomed by one of our team members and after a brief safety chat you will get stuck in. The day begins with feeding pigs. Then you can expect to brush rabbits and clean horses. Horse-riding is allowed under guidance, for adults only. Our Jersey cows also need milking so you’ll be showed all about it and try handmilking.
Finishing time is not fixed but should end around 3 pm. You can choose to return home by our free bus at 4 pm.
The day can be tailored to particular animals and we will do our best to achieve this so please just ask.
　　Additional Information *Children must be accompanied by an adult(evenifnon-participating) *Please wear suitable clothes and footwear Click here to simply fill out your details and select your desired day [2022名师原创]
1.Which of the following requires extra charge
A.Lunch. B.The farmer T-shirt.
C.Dessert. D.The return ticket.
2.What can children do during the day
A.Feed cows. B.Learn milking. C.Ride horses. D.Hunt rabbits.
3.Where does the text most likely appear
A.In a park website. B.In a farm introduction.
C.In a travel brochure. D.In a children’s magazine.
答案
本文是应用文。文章介绍了一个农场主体验日活动。
1.C　考查细节理解。根据Experience Price部分中的"Cupcakes, pudding and other desserts... are not included in the price"可知,甜点要额外收费,故选C。
2.B　考查细节理解。根据What to Expect部分中的"Our Jersey cows also need milking so you ll be showed all about it and try hand milking"可知,孩子们可以尝试动手挤牛奶,故选B。
3.A　考查文章出处。根据文中的"in Rushmoor Farm Park"可知,这一农场主体验日活动是在一个农场公园内举办的,再结合最后的"Click here"可知,本文应是出自一个公园的网站,故选A。
Passage 5
Passage 6
[2022名师原创]IMG Academy basketball camps include small-group training sessions as well as position-specific drills that prepare players of all levels for their upcoming tryouts, league season and even for the collegiate level. The same coaching staff who led IMG Academy to the national championship game works directly with IMG campers to improve their technical and strategic skills during each session.
Contents IMG Camp Ages 10 - 18 Total Athlete Ages 12-18 Breakthrough Ages 12-18 Game Changer Ages12-18
Progressive training with our expert coaches ★ ★ ★ ★
Two sport-specific training sessions per day ★ ★ ★ ★
Three core(核心的) strength & conditioning sessions per camp ★ ★ ★ ★
One core mental toughness session per camp ★ ★ ★ ★
Daily meals & hydration(补水) ★ ★ ★ ★
Additional training specialization per day ★
Personalized training sessions with our coaches ★ ★
Customized instruction ★ ★
Price $2,339 $2,849 $3,369 $3,879
话题:篮球训练营　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:学习能力　词数:约246
●Camp programs include on-court group sessions that focus on shooting, defense and more. All basketball campers will receive a post-camp analysis report inclusive of feedback(反馈) from coaches.
●Camp check-in is on Sunday, and check-out is on Saturday (except for some holiday and tournament camps).
●Camps are available year-round, with January-March, June-August, and December as the most popular months among athletes. It’s important to book at least 6 months ahead to get your spot and ensure availability.
●Prices may increase the closer to the closing date for reservations, so book early to save.
●Groups of 5 or more can receive a discount. Simply call our camp advisors at 1-800-872-6425 to book together.
1.Which camp provides daily additional training specialization
A.Breakthrough. B.Game Changer. C.Total Athlete. D.IMG Camp.
2.What is the common feature of the four camps
A.They last for six months. B.They train campers aged 10-18.
C.They give individualized instruction. D.They evaluate campers’ performance.
3.Which is a good way to save your training fee
A.Calling camp advisors. B.Applying in popular months.
C.Making a group reservation. D.Booking on the closing date.
Passage 6
答案
本文是应用文。文章主要从训练内容、如何节省费用等方面介绍了篮球训练营的相关情况。
1.B　考查细节理解。根据题干关键词"daily additional training specialization"可以定位解题线索——表格中的"Additional training specialization per day",与该信息对应的是Game Changer。故选B。
2.D　考查细节理解。根据文中的"All basketball campers will receive a post-camp analysis report inclusive of feedback(反馈) from coaches"可知,四种篮球训练营都会评估营员的表现。故选D。
3.C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Groups of 5 or more can receive a discount... book together"可知,团体预订可以享受折扣。故选C。
【核心单词】　session n. 一场,一节,一段时间 tryout n. 预赛,选拔赛　 inclusive adj. 包括的, 包含的
考点2　推理判断
Passage 1
话题:录用通知　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约266
　　Receiver:Marvin Jones　　　　　Date:December 27, 2021　　
Street address:117 New Cavendish Street, London, W1T5DU, United Kingdom　　
PRIVATEAND CONFIDENTIAL
　　As aresult of discussion and successful completion of two test translations under commercial conditions during your visit, I’m pleased to inform you of your employment at our office. The principal terms are as follows.　　
Position:STAFF TRANSLATOR AND CHECKER.　　
Starting date: February1, 2022.　　
Working hours:Full time. 35 hours per week. Core hours are from 9:00 to 17:00 with 60 minutes for lunch. Flexibility is subject to approval.
Holidays:20 days per year plus all public holidays.
　　Duties:Your principal duties are translation from Norwegian and Swedish into English and checking other translators’ translations. Also, it’s expected that you’ll be exposed to texts in Danish on occasion.
The following are your specific terms and conditions of service with Aardvark Language Services as of February1,2022 until any further notice.
Trialperiod
The trial period applicable to new employees is three months. Thus your position will become permanent on May1, 2022, subject to satisfactory completion of this period. The notice period is one week.
Salary and benefits
Your salary from May1,2022,will be￡42,000 per year with the scheduled salary review on May1,2022. It will be paid monthly on or about the 23rd of each month. In addition, you’re qualified for benefits like the car allowance(补助), insurance on business travel and personal transport and other items mentioned in the company handbook. No sickness or injury benefits apart from the National Health Service provision are provided at present.
[2022名师原创]
1.How many languages should applicants master for the mentioned position
A.Five. B.Four. C.Three. D.Two.
2.What can workers in Aardvark Language Services enjoy
A.Free lunch. B.Sickness benefits.
C.Vehicle insurance. D.Flexible working hours.
3.What is the text
A.A job offer letter. B.An evaluation of translators.
C.A position description. D.An application from Marvin Jones.
Passage 1
【考点突破】　考法1　推断隐含意义
(1)先跳读,找到相关信息点;(2)接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;(3)再分析推理,在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推理,理解作者的言外之意,切勿拿文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据。
考法2　推断文章出处或读者对象
文章出处推断题和读者对象推断题都要求考生有一定的常识,对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样在做题时才能根据文章特点选出答案。
考法3　预测文章内容
考生做题时一般要通读全文,把握作者的写作思路、文章的篇章结构和末段含义,找准段落之间的联系或事情发展的趋势,从而作出科学合理的推测。
答案
本文是应用文。本文是Aardvark Language Services公司发给Marvin Jones的录用通知。
1.B　考查细节理解。根据文中的"Duties: Your principal duties are translation from Norwegian and Swedish into English""you’ll be exposed to texts in Danish on occasion"可知,该工作岗位的员工的主要职责包括把挪威语和瑞典语翻译成英语,但偶尔会接触到丹麦语的文本,所以申请者应该掌握四种语言。
2.C　考查细节理解。根据Salary and benefits部分的"you’re qualified for benefits like the car allowance(补助), insurance on business travel and personal transport"可知,Aardvark Language Services公司为员工提供商务旅行和私人交通工具保险,故选C。
3.A　考查文章类型。结合全文内容尤其是"I’m pleased to inform you of your employment at our office"可推知,本文应是给Marvin Jones的录用通知,故选A。
【核心单词】　employment n. 工作,职业,受雇 core adj. 主要的,基本的 n. 核心,要点;核儿　expose v. 使接触,使体验; 暴露,显露　applicable adj. 适用,合适　permanent adj. 永久的,永恒的,长久的　transport n. 交通车辆,运输工具;交通运输系统
【核心短语】　subject to 取决于,视……而定　on occasion 有时,间或,偶尔　as of 自……起
话题:行走云南　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约325
[2022福建厦门二检·B]I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn t imagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement about the history, migrations(迁移), and discoveries of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Sichuan to India trading route), the Southern Silk Road, the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century Austrian-American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging ourselves into exhausted(筋疲力尽的) sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us;some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm(魅力) of their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own sake, while healthy and
Passage 2
admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
1.How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan
A.Scared. B.Puzzled. C.Disappointed. D.Surprised.
2.What can we learn about Paul Salopek from Paragraph 2
A.He was a Western journalist. B.He had a knowledge of China.
C.He came to China several times. D.He was Joseph Rock’s friend.
3.What can we infer about the writer and Paul from Paragraph 4
A.They honored the ancestors. B.They set off in high spirits.
C.They satisfied the locals’ curiosity. D.They built bonds with people.
4.What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text
A.To share and reflect on a journey. B.To suggest a new way of travel.
C.To advocate the protection of biodiversity. D.To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
Passage 2
本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上。去年5月,他遇到了要用双脚走遍世界的Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul行走云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
1.D　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"I have to admit...in the world"可知,作者不得不承认,当第一次听说Paul Salopek要用自己的双脚走遍世界时,他感到震惊。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知,作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。
2.B　考查推理判断。根据第二段Paul Salopek的说话内容可知,Paul Salopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起中国的历史、迁移和发现时,Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路、17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行、茶马古道等。他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知,Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选B。
3.D　考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容可知,作者和Paul Salopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇,围绕着他们,观察他们;有些人给他们指路;有些人邀请他们去家中休息;有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人、朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知,作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选D。
4.A　考查写作目的。通读全文内容可知,作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上,他遇到了要用双脚走遍世界的Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul行走云南。文章描述了他们在路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。
答案
话题:回收炸薯片袋制作睡袋　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约302
[2022福建福州阶段性联考·B]Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of our country’s long-standing problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called The Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lay’s, to other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in hot soapy water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family-size. The result is a sleeping bag that is "waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around," Oleita told The Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, The Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, since last December, it has created 110 sleeping bags.Sure, it would be simpler to raise money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago in the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow volunteers. "We are dedicated to making an impact not only socially, but also environmentally," she said.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of salvaging bags that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental injustice and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told www., "I think it’s time to show connections between these issues."
Passage 3
1.What is the purpose of The Chip Bag Project
A.To make donations to the homeless.
B.To deal with garbage and sleeping bags.
C.To stop pollution caused by snack lovers.
D.To protect the environment and reduce poverty.
2.How does Oleita get materials for sleeping bags
A.By turning to snack lovers. B.By producing chip bags.
C.By purchasing snacks. D.By cooperating with the poor.
3.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word "salvaging" in the last paragraph
A.Sewing. B.Designing. C.Emptying. D.Recycling.
4.Which of the following best describes Eradajere Oleita
A.Devoted and creative. B.Determined and honest.
C.Ambitious and humorous. D.Caring and independent.
Passage 3
答案
本文是新闻报道,讲了26岁的Eradajere Oleita利用回收的炸薯片袋为无家可归者制作睡袋的事迹。
1.D　考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"she may have a partial solution to two of our country’s long-standing problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called The Chip Bag Project"可以推断出,The Chip Bag Project旨在保护环境并减少贫困,故D项正确。
2.A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"asking a favor of local snack lovers...donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags"可知,Oleita通过求助当地爱吃零食的人,让他们把空的炸薯片袋捐给他们,以此获得制作睡袋的原材料,故A项正确。
3.D　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的"that would otherwise be abandoned in the trash"可知,如果不这么做这些袋子会被丢弃到垃圾桶里。因此,画线词的意思应该与"被丢弃"相反,故D项"回收利用"与画线词意义最接近。
4.A　考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知,Oleita把炸薯片袋回收制成睡袋,这说明Oleita非常有创造力;再根据第三段中的"We are dedicated to making an impact"可以看出,Oleita是一个专心致志的人。故A项正确。
【核心单词】　long-standing adj. 存在已久的;悠久的
【核心短语】　go hand in hand 密切关联;相连带
话题:中国古建筑中的斗拱结构　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约303
[2022名师原创]Architects have long turned to the past for inspiration. In this age of concrete and steel, however, they’re more likely to look for aesthetic(美学的)influence than technical know-how. But an ancient Chinese construction technique called dougong is a remarkable exception.
Consisting of a series of wooden brackets(支架) with no nails or fasteners, it’s over 2,500 years old and commonly found in Chinese architecture, such as Beijing’s Forbidden City. Many structures built during the Tang and Song dynasties featured "curtain walls" which were non-load-bearing. As a result, the unsupported wood shouldering the weight might break. Designers needed a technique which would more evenly spread the burden across their structures. Their solution was dougong.
Engineering has come a long way since the ancient Chinese building technique was in fashion. But there’s a timeless quality to it. Modern-day designers in many areas are adopting it to produce amazing and stable work of architecture. Among them is Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, who used dougong-inspired methods for his recent buildings: Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum and Café Kureon, a 2,120-square-foot restaurant.
For architect Terrence Curry, the attraction of using ancient methods is about finding something that can "speak to Chinese identity". His structure Dougong Cube, now part of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University in Beijing, was constructed using classical-style brackets and over 2,000 boards. "It has fundamental structures of dougong, but we just aren’t using it in the way it was intended to be used. We’re really pulling it out — emphasizing its beauty and complexity, and the way it works," said Curry. "The shape and function of
Passage 4
dougong is directly related to properties of wood, and the ability of people who make these buildings. In this way, there’s little need for decoration because the structure and design give it its distinctive look."
1.Why is dougong considered an exception
A.It has existed for a very long time. B.It keeps stable with no concrete or steel.
C.It was ignored by architects in the past. D.It meets both structural and decorative needs.
2.What was the function of dougong in ancient times
A.To beautify the structures. B.To avoid nails and fasteners.
C.To distribute weight of buildings. D.To replace unstable curtain walls.
3.What does the author want to show by mentioning Kengo Kuma’s buildings
A.Dougong holds lasting appeal. B.Dougong makes for great buildings.
C.Dougong deserves wide recognition. D.Dougong plays a big role in engineering.
4.What can be learned about Dougong Cube
A.It aims to explore Chinese identity.
B.It’s more complex than common structures.
C.It reproduces traditional use of dougong.
D.It’s a combination of tradition and innovation.
Passage 4
答案
本文是说明文。斗拱结构在中国古建筑中很常见,它兼顾了美感和牢固性,影响着现代社会的建筑设计。
1.D　考查推理判断。根据第一段的"In this age of concrete and steel, however, they’re more likely to look for aesthetic(美学的) influence than technical know-how"可知,在如今这个混凝土和钢铁(建筑)的时代,建筑师们更可能寻求美学影响而不是技术诀窍。再结合下文对斗拱结构的描述可知,斗拱结构既能提供美感,又具有技术上的牢固性,所以被认为是一个例外。故选D。
2.C　考查细节理解。根据第二段的"Many structures...spread the burden across their structures. Their solution was dougong"可知,唐宋时期建造的许多建筑物都以不能承重的"幕墙"为特色,这可能会导致担负重物且无支撑的木材断裂。因此,设计师们采用了斗拱技术来更均匀地分散负担,故选C。
3.A　考查推理判断。第三段提到自这一中国古代建筑技术流行以来,工程设计已经取得很大进展,但斗拱结构却有着永恒的特质。如今许多地方的现代设计师都在采用它来创作建筑作品,日本建筑师Kengo Kuma就是其中之一。由此可知,作者提及Kengo Kuma的作品是为了说明斗拱结构持久的吸引力。
4.D　考查推理判断。根据最后一段的"Dougong Cube...was constructed using classical-style brackets and over 2,000 boards""It has fundamental structures of dougong… We’re really pulling it out — emphasizing its beauty and complexity, and the way it works"可知,Dougong Cube采用了斗拱结构,但是与传统的斗拱结构又有所不同,由此可推知,它既使用了传统技术,又有创新之处,故选D。
【核心单词】　know-how n. 知识;实用技能;窍门　exception n. 例外,除外　timeless adj. 永恒的,恒久的　property n. 特性,性质,属性　distinctive adj. 独特的,特别的,与众不同的
【易错点拨】　断章取义——Dougong Cube虽然采用了斗拱结构,但是与传统斗拱结构的使用并不相同,C项错在traditional一词上,故可排除。
话题:19岁少年教达科他语　主题语境:人与自我　核心素养:语言能力　词数:约280
[2022河北石家庄二检·B]At just 19 years old, Aki a Peters teaches at a college. He specializes in a language that is thousands of years old, the Dakota language, spoken by the Dakota people.
"The Dakota language is ‘the most important aspect’ of Dakota culture. Without it, our Dakota culture would no longer exist," Peters claimed. "I was lucky to grow up around many first-language Dakota speakers. But now the elderly continually passed away and at the end of their lives, they just wanted to know their families would continue to have the language. One of the problems our people have is finding ways to get consistent exposure to the language."
Aside from giving instruction at the college level, Peters uses social media to share videos that integrate humor, culture, and basic-level conversation to help teach Dakota. In his free time, he visits Dakota elders. He also started an online group of the youth to converse and share the knowledge of the language in a safe and supportive space.
Aki a Peters wants to tell the youth that if they want to learn their own language, sit with their elders and learn from them. Endless vocabulary sheets could discourage them from learning. Standards created by non-speakers could also do that. "Within the next decade, I assume, I, my co-workers, and other Dakota-learning relatives will have children and start a new generation of Dakota. I also hope my brothers and sisters will take the path we laid out for them and continue to learn and speak Dakota. On my reservation there are numerous young people working on the comeback of the language. I’m hopeful because I’m definitely not alone, "Aki a Peters told Teen Vogue.
Passage 5
1.Why does Aki a Peters teach the Dakota language
A.To enrich his experience. B.To record its written form.
C.To prevent it dying out. D.To make it known globally.
2.What can we say about Aki a Peters according to Paragraph 3
A.Learned. B.Creative. C.Approachable. D.Cooperative.
3.What does Aki a Peters expect the young people to do
A.Deal with vocabulary sheets. B.Sustain the given standards.
C.Communicate with their elders. D.Learn from their teachers.
4.Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A.Research. B.Business. C.Fashion. D.Culture.
Passage 5
答案
本文是一篇记叙文。19岁的Aki a Peters通过自己的工作并在业余时间借助社交媒体等方式教授和传播Dakota语言和文化。
1.C　考查推理判断。根据第二段中Aki a Peters所说的话可以推断出,Aki a Peters选择教授Dakota语言是为了防止这一语言消失,为了让他们的文化得以延续,故C项正确。
2.B　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Peters uses social media...to help teach Dakota"可知,Aki a Peters使用社交媒体分享将幽默、文化和简单对话融合在一起的视频来帮助教授Dakota语言,由此可见,他是一个有创造力的人,故B项正确。learned "博学的,学术性的";approachable"和蔼可亲的,易理解的"。
3.C　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"if they want to...learn from them"可知,Aki a Peters建议想要学习自己语言的年轻人多和他们的长辈交流学习,故C项正确。
4.D　考查文章出处。根据文章大意可知,本文主要讲述了19岁的Aki a Peters教授和传播Dakota语言和文化的故事,由此可以推断,这样的文章应该出自文化专栏,故D项正确。
【核心短语】　specialize in... 专门研究……　lay out 展开;安排
话题:VR电影关注雨林　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约316
[2022江苏三校联考·C]Thanks to a new virtual reality film offering a 360 degree viewing, armchair travelers around the world can now visit places like the Amazon rainforest. Provided by Conservation International for free, you’ll be able to take in the breathtaking beauty and amazing biodiversity that is dished up in the film entitled Under the Canopy without worrying about being eaten alive by insects, giant snakes or bird spiders. Besides that, you can save on the airfare and have no need to get your passport updated. And the film is said to be simply beyond belief in its clarity and realism.
But the purpose of the film goes beyond just providing viewers with amazing visuals in a virtual experience. The makers of the film want to bring awareness to the fact that this once vast wilderness and its occupants are shrinking rapidly and disappearing due to deforestation. In other words, the magnificent sights and sounds that you’ll enjoy during your virtual wandering around the Amazon’s beautiful rainforest need badly to be protected.
If you’re not aware, a statistic in connection with annual forest loss in the region can be clarified: the loss is equal to 1.5 times the size of Yellowstone National Park. Now, if you’re still a little unclear about the significance of this — Yellowstone National Park is more than 3,400 square miles in size — that helps you out.
In the film, you will have a virtual tour guide, Kamanja Panashekung, a native of the area whose ancestors have lived in the region for countless generations. During his educational tour Panashekung explains to viewers of the film many ways in which the rainforest supplies his people with everything they need to survive on a daily basis. His story is actually pretty fantastic, especially if you live in the city and can’t imagine what it would be like living in such a wild and remote area of the world.
Passage 6
1.What aspect of the movie is mainly talked about in Paragraph 1
A.The popularity. B.The horror. C.The strengths. D.The purposes.
2.What feeling do the film makers wish the audience to have
A.Guilt. B.Curiosity. C.Excitement. D.Concern.
3.How does the author develop Paragraph 3
A.By giving an example. B.By giving a description.
C.By making a classification. D.By making a comparison.
4.Who would be especially attracted to the guide’s story
A.Those who have interest in wild animals.
B.Those who have ancestors living in the region.
C.Those who think about developing rainforests.
D.Those who long for outdoor surviving experience.
Passage 6
答案
本文是一篇说明文。一部虚拟现实的电影可以让人们足不出户就欣赏到亚马孙雨林那令人惊叹的美景和生物多样性,同时,也可以让人们通过这部电影关注亚马孙雨林被破坏的状况。
1.C　考查细节理解。第一段中对这部虚拟现实电影介绍的关键信息有"offering a 360 degree viewing""without worrying about being eaten alive by insects, giant snakes or bird spiders""save on the airfare and have no need to get your passport updated"以及"beyond belief in its clarity and realism",这些细节都是在介绍这部虚拟现实电影的优势。
2.D　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The makers of the film want to bring awareness to the fact that this once vast wilderness and its occupants are shrinking rapidly and disappearing due to deforestation"可知,这部电影的制作者想让人们意识到,这片曾经广阔的荒野和它的居住者正因滥伐森林而迅速减少和消失,由此可推知,这部电影的制作者希望引起观众的关注和担忧,故选择D项。
3.D 考查写作手法。第三段介绍了该地区每年损失的森林面积相当于黄石国家公园面积的1.5倍,然后又介绍了黄石国家公园的面积。由此可知,作者是通过对比面积来让读者更清晰地了解到亚马孙雨林遭到严重破坏的状况。
4.D　考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的"His story is actually pretty fantastic, especially if you live in the city and can t imagine what it would be like living in such a wild and remote area of the world"可知,尤其是住在城市里、无法想象生活在世界上这样一个偏远的荒野会是什么样子的人会觉得Panashekung的故事非常奇妙。比对选项可知,那些渴望户外生存经历的人会对导游的故事更感兴趣。
【核心单词】　breathtaking adj. 激动人心的;令人惊叹的　biodiversity n. 生物多样性　entitle v. 给……命名　realism n. 逼真　visual n. 视觉资料;画面　occupant n. 居住者　shrink v. 缩小,减少　deforestation n. 滥伐森林;毁林　magnificent adj. 壮丽的　statistic n. 统计数据　ancestor n. 祖先　classification n. 分类,归类
【核心短语】　take in 观看;欣赏　beyond belief 令人难以置信　on a daily basis每天
考点3　词义猜测
话题:意想不到的信件　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约345
[2022浙江杭州二模]A letter written to a 12-year-old girl in Lithuania was delivered in December, almost 51 years after it was sent.
Now in her 60s, Genovefa Klonovska said after being handed the letter, "I thought that someone was pranking me." The letter included a handmade, colored rose and two paper dolls. It was sent to Klonovska by a young girl in Poland. They exchanged letters in what was known as a pen pal program — when people wrote letters to each other without actually meeting.
The letter, together with 17 others, was discovered this past summer when a wall was taken down in a former post office in Vilnius.
The letters, from the late 1960s and early 1970s, were likely hidden by a postal worker after he searched them for money or valuables, Vilutis said. The senders were family members or pen pals from places such as Australia, Poland and Russia. Street names and their numbers have changed in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Post office workers spent months looking for the people who were supposed to receive the letters — the recipients. Only five recipients were found. In several cases, children of dead recipients were handed the lost letter.
Deimante Zebrauskaite, head of the customer experience department at Lithuania Post, said, "We felt a moral duty to do this."
Zebrauskaite added, "One lady compared the experience to receiving a message from a bottle thrown into the sea. Some people were emotional (情绪激动的). They felt they saw a part of daily life of their dead parents."
In the letter to Klonovska, sent from Koczary in Poland, a girl named Ewa complains buses no longer reach her village. Now in her 60s, Klonovska has no memory of Ewa. She probably wrote to Ewa after finding her address in an advertisement for pen pals in a newspaper. Their relationship stopped after the letter was not delivered. "The loss was not life-changing, "said Klonovska. She then asked, "What if they delivered a lost letter from a suitor(求婚者) to his love, and their wedding never happened "
Passage 1
1.The word “pranking” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A.playing a trick on B.paying attention to
C.finding fault with D.getting in touch with
2.Why were some people emotional when they received the letters
A.The arrival of the lost letters had been long expected.
B.They knew more about their parents through the letters.
C.A postal worker hid the letters for a selfish purpose.
D.Postal workers overcame difficulties to find the recipients.
3.What did Klonovska try to express in the last paragraph
A.All these letters were important reminders of memories.
B.She didn’t mind if the post office gave her the letter.
C.The course of her life would never change for the lost letter.
D.The lost letters could have caused serious consequences.
Passage 1
【考点突破】　考法1　猜测生僻词或短语的含义
若画线词完全是生词,考生能采用的方法主要有三种:一是依据构词法知识;二是靠文章显性或者隐性逻辑关系、语法关系;三是利用上下文内容。当然,在很多情况下,这三种方法可以共同使用,以确保答案正确。
考法2　猜测熟词或短语的生僻含义
在猜测熟词或短语的生僻含义时,我们可以依据上下文内容、文章的逻辑关系等来判断正确答案。
考法3　猜测代词的指代意义
(1)文章中的代词it、that、them等通常指代上文提到的人或事物,因此其指代含义也通常在其前的内容中寻找。(2)有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。(3)一般来讲,代词指代题不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象,都需要借助上下文内容以及逻辑关系来进行猜测。
考法4　猜测句子的含义
针对猜测句子含义的试题,考生必须回归原文,将画线句的前后句,甚至前后段进行归纳总结,再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较,选出最为接近的选项。解答此类试题的线索主要有两个:一是上下文内容,二是句子的字面含义。
答案
这是一篇新闻报道。去年夏天,维尔纽斯一家前邮局的一堵墙被拆除后,18个人收到了那些本应在50多年前就该收到的信,这些意想不到的信件让人唏嘘不已。
1.A　考查词义猜测。文章第一段讲到一封原本写给一个12岁女孩的信,在差不多51年后才被送到。画线词前讲到当初的那个小女孩 Klonovska现在已经60多岁了。画线词后讲到这封信是一个从未谋面的波兰女孩寄给她的。根据常识可知,这种事情很少会发生,所以当 Klonovska收到这封信时,她肯定会认为这是有人在和她开玩笑,故可推断画线词的意思与"play a trick on"相近,故选A项。
2.B　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Some people were emotional(情绪激动的)...their dead parents"可知,50多年过去了,原来收信的人已经不在人世,但他们的后代通过这些信件能够了解他们父辈日常生活的一部分,这是他们收到这些信时情绪激动的原因,故选B项。
3.D　考查推理判断。最后一段讲到Klonovska的生活没有因为信的晚送而受影响,但她转而问到要是他们把一封遗失的求婚者的信交给了他的爱人,而他们的婚礼却没有举行会怎么样呢 由此可推断,通过这一反问,她认为这些遗失的信件有可能会造成严重的后果,故选D项。
【核心单词】　recipient n. 接受者
【难句分析】　The letter, together with 17 others, was discovered this past summer when a wall was taken down in a former post office in Vilnius.
分析:该句是主从复合句,其中when引导定语从句,修饰先行词this past summer。
译文:去年夏天,当维尔纽斯一家前邮局的一堵墙被拆除时,这封信连同其他17封信被发现。
话题:水果超级电容器　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约290
[2022福建八地市联考·C]Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world’s smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian(榴莲)is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit(菠萝蜜) — another fruit known for its terrible smell — to make energy storing devices called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can’t store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durians and jackfruits to make a special kind of material called an aerogel(气凝胶).
Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Often called "frozen smoke", they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durians and jackfruits both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs.
Passage 2
1.What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian
A.Its smell. B.Its appearance. C.Its value. D.Its popularity.
2.Which paragraph mentions Gomes’s inspiration of innovation
A.Paragraph 1. B.Paragraph 2. C.Paragraph 3. D.Paragraph 4.
3.What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Aerogels. B.Scientific uses. C.Properties. D.Electric currents.
4.What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors
A.They are devices for producing electricity. B.They are chemicals from durians.
C.They are green and economical. D.They are light and liquid.
Passage 2
答案
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——可以使用榴莲和菠萝蜜等天然食品制造超级电容器,这样可以减少环境污染和成本。
1.A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"A durian (榴莲)is a fruit that looks like a pineapple...have banned it from public places"可知,在一些亚洲国家,人们认为榴莲是一种美味,但它的气味非常难闻,以至于其中一些国家禁止在公共场所食用它。由此可知,一些国家对榴莲有不同的态度是因为它的气味,故选A项。
2.C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Supercapacitors are an alternative to...some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea"可知,文章第三段中介绍了榴莲和菠萝蜜含有一些用于超级电容器的化学物质,这让Gomes获得了灵感,由此可知,文章第三段提到了Gomes创新的灵感。故选C项。
3.A　考查代词指代。根据画线单词上文"Aerogels are one of the world s lightest solid materials...the ability to conduct electric currents"可知,这里主要介绍的是气凝胶,气凝胶有许多科学用途,气凝胶的一个特殊特性是传导电流的能力,这使得气凝胶成为超级电容器的重要组成部分,由此可知,句中"them"指代的是上文提到的"Aerogels"(气凝胶)。故选A项。
4.C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"The discovery is important...like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs"可知,使用榴莲和菠萝蜜等天然食品制造超级电容器可以减少环境污染和成本。由此可知,关于水果超级电容器,我们能知道的是:它们既环保又经济。故选C项。
话题:加减法策略　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约340
[2022广东六校联考(四)·C]A study of 8 different experiments showed that our brains tend to prefer addition rather than subtraction when it comes to finding solutions — in many cases, it seems we just don’t consider the strategy of taking something away at all.
The researchers found that this preference for adding was noticeable in three situations in particular: when people were under the higher cognitive (认知的) load, when there was less time to consider the other options, and when volunteers didn’t get a specific reminder that subtracting was an option. In one of the experiments, participants were asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take more weight. Half the volunteers were reminded that they could take away bricks as well as add them, and half weren’t. In the group that got the reminder, 61 percent solved the problem by taking away a brick — which was a much faster and more efficient way of making the structure stable. In the group that didn’t get the reminder, only 41 percent went for the removing bricks approach.
"Additive ideas come to mind easily, but subtractive ideas require more cognitive effort," says psychologist Benjamin Converse, from the University of Virginia."Because people are often moving fast and working with the first ideas that come to mind, they end up accepting additive solutions without considering subtraction at all."
The researchers have a few ideas about what might be going on. Our brains might find additive changes easier to process perhaps, or we might be associating adding with the idea of something that’s bigger and therefore better in our subconscious(潜意识). There might also be associations in our minds with the current status being something that needs to be maintained as much as possible — and taking something away is arguably more destructive to the current status than adding something new.
Passage 3
The researchers say their work is important in a much broader sense: for institutions pursuing simplified administration, for example, and even for the human race looking for ways to better manage the planet’s resources.
1.What does the underlined word "subtraction" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Removal. B.Movement. C.Refusal. D.Solution.
2.In which situation do people prefer adding
A.When they are under high pressure. B.When they lack cognitive ability.
C.When they are specially reminded. D.When they are hurried to decide.
3.What were participants required to do in the experiment
A.Re-shape Lego bricks. B.Take Lego bricks away.
C.Move the Lego structure. D.Stabilize the Lego structure.
4.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The ways to make additive changes. B.The effects of taking something away.
C.The reasons for brains preferring addition. D.The importance of maintaining current status.
Passage 3
答案
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现——在寻找解决方案时,我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而不是减去,并介绍了研究结果的意义。
1.A　考查词义猜测。根据第一段可知,在寻找解决方案时,我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加,在很多情况下,我们似乎根本没有考虑去掉某些东西的策略,从而推知,画线词应与"去掉"的意思相近,选项A"去除"更符合语境。故选A项。
2.D　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The researchers found that this preference for adding was noticeable...that subtracting was an option"可知,研究人员发现,这种对增加的偏好在三种情况下尤为明显:当人们处于较高的认知负荷下,当有较少的时间去考虑其他选择时,当志愿者没有得到减去是一种选择的特定提醒时。D项"当他们匆忙决定时"符合题意。故选D项。
3.D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"In one of the experiments, participants were asked to improve a Lego structure so that it was able to take more weight"可知,研究人员要求参与者改进乐高的结构,使其能够承受更多的重量。D项"稳定乐高结构"符合题意。故选D项。
4.C　考查段落大意。根据第四段可知,我们的大脑可能会发现也许添加的变化更容易处理,或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与某种东西更大因此更好的想法联系起来。在我们的脑海中也可能联想到当前的状态是需要尽可能保持的,而拿走某种东西按理比增加某种新东西对当前的状态破坏性更大。所以说本段主要讲了大脑更喜欢增加的原因。故选C项。
话题:三星堆文物　主题语境:人与社会　核心素养:文化意识　词数:约285
[2022江苏苏州调研·C]The remains of a gold mask are among a huge quantity of 3,000-year-old artifacts (手工艺品) found at an archaeological (考古的) site in China’s Sichuan Province.
Weighing about 280 grams and estimated to be made from 85% gold, the ceremonial mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six newly discovered "sacrificial pits" (祭祀坑), according to the country’s National Cultural Heritage Administration.
The finds were made at Sanxingdui, about 40km northeast of Chengdu. Some experts say the items may shine further light on the ancient Shu state, a kingdom that ruled in the western Sichuan basin before 316 BC.
In addition to the gold mask, archaeologists uncovered bronzes (青铜艺术品) and artifacts made from other materials such as bone. The six pits also contained an as-yet-unopened wooden box and a bronze container with owl-shaped patterning.
Many ancient artifacts have been found at Sanxingdui since the 1920s, when a local farmer accidentally came upon some remains at the site. A major breakthrough occurred in 1986, with the discovery of two ceremonial pits containing over 1,000 items, including delicate and well-preserved bronze masks.
Sanxingdui has revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China. In particular, evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sanxingdui is on the organization’s list for possible future inclusion. Along
Passage 4
with other Shu archaeological sites, it is credited by the UN agency as "an outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China, East Asia and even the world".
1.What does the underlined phrase "shine further light on" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Show greater progress in. B.Have a deeper influence on.
C.Provide more information about. D.Engage more attention to.
2.Why is the discovery of Sanxingdui so unique
A.It changes experts’ understanding of how Chinese civilization developed.
B.It confirms that the Shu Kingdom developed in the Yellow River Valley.
C.It implies that the Yellow River Valley is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
D.It shows Sanxingdui symbolizes a fundamental change in Chinese society.
3.What does paragraph 5 mainly deal with
A.Sanxingdui’s history of discovery. B.The world’s recognition of Sanxingdui.
C.The difficulty in discovering Sanxingdui. D.The preservation of Sanxingdui’s remains.
4.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
A.Sanxingdui Accidentally Discovered by a Local Farmer B.3,000-year-old Gold Mask Uncovered in Southwest China
C.Outstanding Representatives of the Bronze Age Kingdom D.New Addition to the List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Passage 4
答案
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了三星堆遗址出土了具有3 000年历史的黄金面具和其他文物。
1.C　考查短语理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Sanxingdui has revolutionized experts’ understanding of how civilization developed in ancient China"可知,三星堆这次出土了大量文物,彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解,由此说明了一些专家们认为这些文物提供了更多关于古蜀国的信息,即画线部分意为"提供更多关于……的信息"。故选C。
2.A　考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段可知,三星堆彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。特别是独特的蜀文化证据表明,蜀国是独立于黄河流域邻近社会发展起来的,而黄河流域传统上被认为是中华文明的发源地。故选A。
3.A　考查段落大意。根据第五段的内容,尤其第一句"Many ancient artifacts have been found...came upon some remains at the site"(在20世纪20年代,当地一位农民意外地在遗址上发现了一些遗物。自此,在三星堆,许多古代文物被发现)可知,本段主要介绍了三星堆的发现史。故选A。
4.B　考查标题判断。根据文章结构和内容可知,本文是一篇新闻报道,文章第一段是导语,即文章的主题。根据第一段的内容可知,在中国四川省的一处考古遗址中发现了大量具有3 000年历史的手工艺品,其中包括一个金面具的残片。故"在中国西南发现具有3 000年历史的黄金面具"为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
考点4　主旨大意
话题:机器人应对微塑料污染　主题语境:人与自然　核心素养:思维品质　词数:约330
[2022河北张家口一模·D]To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague led the project. About a decade ago, he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. They’re everywhere — from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of plastics. And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much — only by 3 percent. But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to change from smooth to pitted(有凹陷的). That was another sign that the robots were degrading (使降解) it. The new study is a proof of the concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant. Indeed, says one researcher, "We’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in open waterways", such as at sea.
Passage 1
1.The microrobots are powered by _________.
A.water B.sunlight C.plastics D.pencils
2.What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2
A.The purpose of Pumera’s project. B.The preciousness of drinking water.
C.The seriousness of plastic pollution. D.The working principle of the microrobots.
3.What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments
A.The weight loss of the plastics. B.The disappearance of the plastics.
C.The shape change of the microrobots. D.The improvement in the purity of water.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Ways to Obtain Cleaner Drinking Water
B.Microrobots Invented to Treat Wastewater
C.New Hope for the Solution to Plastic Pollution
D.Technology Widely Applied in Environment Protection
Passage 1
【考点突破】　考法1　归纳文章标题
(1)要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随便改变文章的内容及要点信息。
(2)选定标题的基本原则
①要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。
②看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。注意避免出现概括不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。
(3)选定标题的四大标准
精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。
准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。
统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息。
新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
考法2　概括文章大意
每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。文章的主题句常出现在首段或尾段,因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的事实细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。
答案
在寻找和归纳全文主旨时,考生应注意以下几点:
(1)关注文章的首段,尤其是其中符合主题句特点的句子,留意下文是否有对该句的解释和细节支撑。(2)快速通读文章主体部分的每一段,寻找每一段的主题句,判断各个段落是否与文章开头或结尾的主题句相呼应。(3)注意文章的尾段,看此处出现的主题句和文章首段的主题句是否呼应。如果文章首段的主题句语言精练,且在主题部分被从多角度说明或论证,又与尾段的主题句相呼应,则首段的这个句子就是全文的主题句。如果文章中出现了两种及两种以上的不同观点,则文章最后作者的观点一般为文章的主要观点。此时要注意一些标志性的词或短语,如on the whole,in short,therefore,in spite of,on the contrary,however等,因为这些词或短语之后的内容往往是作者的观点,也是全文的主旨大意。
考法3　总结段落大意
每个段落通常都有一个主题句,段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句中,有时也会出现在段落中间。阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置:
(1)细节表述在前,归纳概括在后,主题句常在段尾,即"分总"式。(2)先提观点,后举例子,主题句常出现在段首,即"总分"式,这种形式较多出现在说明文和议论文中。(3)段落中没有出现主题句,考生要学会根据段落细节内容概括出主题句。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了捷克共和国的化学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
1.B　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Their brainchild is a new microrobot...push them through water in a specific direction"可知,微型机器人是由阳光提供动力。故选B项。
2.C　考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"They’re everywhere...from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes"可知,微塑料分布广泛,且已经出现在饮用水当中。一些研究估计,数十亿块塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源,从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾。C项"塑料污染的严重性"符合题意。故选C项。
3.A　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"And after a week exposed to light...indication that they were breaking the plastic down"可知,在光照一周后,机器人减轻了塑料的重量,虽然不多,但这表明它们正在分解塑料。"在实验室实验中塑料的重量损失证明了微型机器人的有效性"符合题意。故选A项。
4.C　考查标题判断。根据第一段可知,为了解决微小塑料污染水路的问题,捷克共和国的化学家们从小处做起。 他们的发明是一个新的微型机器人。当阳光照射它们时,它们会产生化学