外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 1 Starting out and understanding ideas 课件（共41张）

(共41张PPT)
Period 1
Starting out &
Understanding ideas
Starting out
Step 1. Starting out
Step 2: Extensive Reading of the Passage
Step 3: Intensive Reading of the Passage
Starting out
What so you know about these unusual animals？
Komodo dragon
Komodo dragons:
Komodo dragons were first encountered by Western researchers 1910. The researcher said the ancestor of the Komodo dragon most likely evolved in Australia ans spread westward, reaching the Indonesia island of Flores 900,000 years ago.
科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人员发现的。研究人员说，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亚进化而来，并向西传播，在90万年前到达印度尼西亚的弗洛雷斯岛。
Starting out
What so you know about these unusual animals？
Duck-billed platypus
The fist scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it
a fake in the late 18th century.
The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platpus dates back to about 100,000 years ago.
18世纪晚期，第一批查看保存下来的鸭嘴兽尸体的科学家判定它是赝品。
已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。
Duck-billed platypus
Starting out
What so you know about these unusual animals？
Nautilus
Fossil records indicate that the nautilus has survived relatively unchanged for around 500 million years. It is often considered a “living fossil”.
化石记录表明，鹦鹉螺在大约5亿年的时间里相对稳定地存活了下来。经常被认为是“活化石”。
Nautilus
Starting out
Imaginantion creates reality.
Richard Wagner
Evolutionary
tree
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Darwin's Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers — all related. Darwin's general theory presumes the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic (undirected不受干扰的) "descent with modification". That is, complex creatures evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time. In a nutshell, as random genetic mutations(基因突变) occur within an organism's genetic code, the beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival — a process known as "natural selection." These beneficial mutations are passed on to the next generation. Over time, beneficial mutations accumulate and the result is an entirely different organism (not just a variation of the original, but an entirely different creature).
常识阅读与积累
Starting out
Darwin's Theory of Evolution — Natural Selection
While Darwin's Theory of Evolution is a relatively young archetype(原型), the evolutionary worldview itself is as old as antiquity. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Anaximander postulated the development of life from non-life and the evolutionary descent of man from animal. Charles Darwin simply brought something new to the old philosophy - a plausible mechanism called "natural selection." Natural selection acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations. Suppose a member of a species developed a functional advantage (it grew wings and learned to fly). Its offspring would inherit that advantage and pass it on to their offspring. The inferior (disadvantaged) members of the same species would gradually die out, leaving only the superior (advantaged) members of the species. Natural selection is the preservation of a functional advantage that enables a species to compete better in the wild. Natural selection is the naturalistic equivalent to domestic breeding. Over the centuries, human breeders have produced dramatic changes in domestic animal populations by selecting individuals to breed. Breeders eliminate undesirable traits gradually over time. Similarly, natural selection eliminates inferior species gradually over time.
Starting out
How did Darwin make his discoveries
and
conclude his theory
Starting out
A Journey of Discovery
Starting out
The British biologist, naturalist and the founder of Theory of Evolution.
In his early years, he sailed around the world on the Beagle for five years, and observed and collected a lot of animals, plants and geological structures. He published the Origin of Species and put forward the theory of biological evolution, thus destroying all kinds of idealistic creationism and species invariance. In addition to biology, his theory has great influence on the development of anthropology, psychology and philosophy. Engels listed "Theory of Evolution" as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the 19th century (the other two are cell theory and the law of conservation and transformation of energy), which has made outstanding contributions to mankind.
英国的生物学家，自然学家和进化论的奠基人。
早年乘坐贝格尔号舰作了历时5年的环球航行，对动植物和地质结构等进行了大量的观察和采集。出版《物种起源》，提出了生物进化论学说，从而摧毁了各种唯心的神造论以及物种不变论。除了生物学外，他的理论对人类学、心理学、哲学的发展都有不容忽视的影响。恩格斯将“进化论”列为19世纪自然科学的三大发现之一（其他两个是细胞学说、能量守恒转化定律），对人类有杰出的贡献。
Charles Robert Darwin
Feb 12th, 1809—Apr 19th, 1882
Undesrtanding ideas
1. n. 种子，籽
2. adj. 遥远的
3. 响应号召
4. n.丢脸，耻辱
5. 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
6. n.地质学家
7. n.样本
单
词
清
障
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
seed
distant
answer the call
disgrace
be a disgrace
geologist
sample
Undesrtanding ideas
单
词
清
障
8. v.进化
9. n.雀科鸣禽
10. n.鸟嘴，喙
11. /v.猜想，怀疑，觉得
12. n.（动物的）原种，祖先
13. n.进化（论）
14. v.产生，创造
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
evolve
finch
beak
suspect
ancestor
evolution
generate
Starting out
单
词
清
障
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
15. n. 赝品
16. 追溯到...
17. v. 遭遇，邂逅
18. v. 幸存，存活
19. 基因突变
20. adj. 不合需要的
21. n.特征，特质
fake
date back to
encounter
survive
genetic mutation
undesirable
trait
Starting out
Extensive reading for
1. the main idea of the passage (skimming)
2. the main idea of each paragraph (skimming)
3. the organization of the passage
4. specific details in the passage (scanning)
Starting out
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到父亲的来信，信中预言他将会成为“你自己和你全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
Main idea: Darwin was not the captain's first choice but his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most importnat scientific discoveries of all time.
Starting out
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
这个受到质疑的年轻人就是地质学家和自然学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这次旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的
Main idea: Darwin began his journey.
Starting out
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够激励达尔文去寻求更多证据。
Main idea: Darwin began to think differently.
Starting out
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是由共同的祖先进化而来的。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间的推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
Main idea: Some bird on the Galápagos Islands interested Darwin .
Main idea: Darwin suspected that the birds evloved from earlier ancestors.
Starting out
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
这是一个全新的观点—进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
Main idea: More and more people started to believe Darwin's theory of evolution.
Main idea: On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.
Starting out
阅读技巧
This passage is a historical expository essay, in which Darwin's journey of discovery is described in chronological order. This kind of essay is usually used to tell about a specific person or event. So it's convenient to present all the facts from earlier to the later and it's more understandable for the readers.
Step 1. The beginning of the story
Step 2. The main events in sequential/chronological order
Step 3. The ending of the story
Remember: Don't jump form one thing to another in the past but move in sequential order.
GENERATE IDEAS
Darwin asked the questions:
How did different species
_______________
________________
ON HIS JOURNEY
Darwin studied_______________________
He noticed that some species of animals were
__________________
Starting out
Number the puzzle pieces in order. Organize information from the passage and complete them.
DEVELOP IDEAS
Darwin suspected that the finches
__________________________
and it had__________________
LOOK FOR EVIDENCE
On the Galápagos Islands:
He noticed
________________
It seemed the beaks
___________
PROPOS A THEORY
The Theory of Evolution: living things, including humans,
___________________________
had evolved from lower forms of life
come to exist
there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.
had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
samples of the plants and animals
very similar to each other.
had evolved from a common ancestor.
arrived on the islands a long time before
1
2
3
4
5
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments
Starting out
Organization
of the passage
Step 1. (Para.1.)
Darwin began his journey.
Step 2. (Para.2-3)
Darwin generated ideas
Step 3. (Para.4)
Darwin collected evidence.
Step 4. (Para.5)
Darwin developed his idea.
Step 5. (Para.6)
Darwin publied his work, Theory of Evolution.
Conclusion (Para.7)
Darwin's achievemnt and contribution to the world.
Starting out
1. What's the main idea of the passage
A. Darwin's interest in various living things made hime a great naturalist.
B. Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his Theory of Evolution.
C. Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans hadevloved ver time.
D. Darwin made his Theory of Evolution though he wasn't thought highly of at first.
Starting out
2. Why were many people “shocked” by Darwin's theory
A. Because Darwin's theory was a completely new idea.
B. Because Darwin's father predicted that he would be a disgrace.
C. Because many people had never been on a journey before.
D. Because many people thought humans were totally differnt from animals and plants.
Starting out
3. What kind of person was Darwin according to the passage
A. courageous
B. founder of Theory of Evolution
C. working in a scientific way
D. talkative and persuasive
Starting out
4. What can you infer according to the passage
A. Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species after returning from his journey 28
years ago.
B. People in Europe in the 1800srefused to believe Darwin's theory because he didn't
complete his medical degree.
C. New species of plants and animals have evolved from a common ancestor.
D. On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most influential works ever written.
Starting out
Intensive reading for
1. key words and expressions in the passage
2. grammar structure in the passage
Starting out
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant
countries yet little known”. The person who answered the call was not the captain’s first choice. It was a young
man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What’s more, he had recently received a letter
from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”. Despite all this, his
adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词someone,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
鲜为人知的
who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词person,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词young man,关系词在定语从句中作主语，不能省略
动词的现在分词，非谓语动词，作宾补，和逻辑主语his father之间是主动关系
science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 scientific adj.科学的
Starting out
1. They rushed over to help the man ___________whose car had broken down.
2. Who is the person ___________ is standing at the gate
3. There is somebody here __________ wants to talk to you.
4. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, ___________ greatly upsets me.
5. It was the best ___________(know) and probably the most popular of her songs.
6. ___________ (science) research and environment conservation are closely connected.
单句语法练习
whose
that
who
which
known
Scientific
Starting out
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and
animals. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various
living things in their natural environments. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on
the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these, he asked
himself the question: how did different species come to exist
fascinate 使着迷，fascinating 令人着迷的，fascinated 着迷的，
that/which引导的定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略
过去完成时态，从句表示的动作发生在主句动作之前，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时
用...堆满，挤满
形成
Starting out
单句语法练习
1. Madagascar is the most ___________(fascinate) place I have ever been to.
2. I sat on the stairs and watched, ___________(fascinate) .
3. The baggage hall was ___________(crowd) and noisy.
4. The market and street were crowded _________ those who'd come to buy daily
necessities.
5.When I got to school, I realized I ___________(leave) my backpack at home.
fascinating
fascinated
crowded
with
had left
Starting out
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed
since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each
other. Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments It was just an idea, but enough
to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence.
inspire sb to do sth激励某人去做某事
adapt to sth 适应...（注意：to为介词)
similar to sth与...相似
过去完成时，某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作
Starting out
单句语法练习
1. I met Julia in the street yesterday. We ___________(not see) each other since she went
to Beijing.
2. The basic design of the car is very similar _____ that of earlier models.
3. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt_____ the change.
4. Teachers should inspire all students ___________(think) creatively.
hadn't seen
to
to think
to
Starting out
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species,
but it was the birds that interested him the most. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches
on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long
time before. Over time, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new
species of plants and animals came to exist: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
a variety of 种种，各种各样的
强调结构：It is/was+被强调的成分+that+句子剩余部分
宾语从句，放在介词to后作宾语
定语从句，修饰先行词ancestors,此处指鸟类，为物，关系词which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。
over time 随着时间的推移
Starting out
单句语法练习
1. I met Julia in the street yesterday. We ___________(not see) each other since she went
to Beijing.
2. The basic design of the car is very similar _____ that of earlier models.
3. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt_____ the change.
4. Teachers should inspire all students ___________(think) creatively.
hadn't seen
to
to think
to
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe
that living things, including humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.
T
oday, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.
Starting out
not...until...，直到...才...until+时间/状语从句
be regarded as...被认为是...;
written为过去分词作后置定语，与前面的名词构成被动关系
shocked adj.描述人的感受或心理
convincing adj.令人信服的，描述事物的特征
Starting out
单句语法练习
1. I watched the car ___________ it was out of sight.
2. Abraham Lincoln _______________ as the most successful president of modern times.
3. Scientists say there is no ___________ evidence that power lines have anything to do
with cancer.
4. This was a nasty attack and the woman is still very __________.
until
was regarded
shocked
convincing
Starting out
词汇强化练习
1. He raised questions meant to plant _______(种子)of doubts in the minds of jurors(陪审员).
2. To _________(产生) new money the sport needs to be more entertaining.
3. There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too _______(遥远的)
future.
4. There was a vast __________(距离) between psychological clues and concrete proof.
5. All in all, at least at this stage, it's unlikely that online learning will __________(进化) into
the dominant form of education.
seeds
generate
distant
distance
evolve
Starting out
词汇强化练习
6. His vice president also had to resign in __________(耻辱).
7. His __________(祖先) had come to America from Ireland.
8. He is the most famous __________(地质学家) in the country who has already had a
school named after him.
9. He __________(怀疑) that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.
10. We based our analysis on a random __________(样本) of more than 200 males.
disgrace
ancestors
geologist
suspected
sample
See you next time
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