外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 3 Developing ideas 课件（共38张）

(共38张PPT)
Period 3 Developing & Presenting ideas
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Step 1. Lead-in
Step 2. Extensive reading
Step 3. Intensive reading
Step 4. Writing task
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Do Plants Think
How aware are plants This is the central question behind a fascinating new book, What a Plant Knows by Daniel Chamovitz, director of the Manna Center for Plant Biosciences at Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学). A plant, he argues, can see, smell and feel. It can mount a defense when under siege, and warn its neighbors of trouble on the way. A plant can even be said to have a memory. But does this mean that plants think — or that one can speak of a “neuroscience” of the flower Chamovitz answered questions from Mind Matters editor Gareth Cook.
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Do you know what plants can do
attack move
breathe speak
eat steal
sleep think
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1. The average strawberry has 200 seeds. It's the only fruit that bears its seeds on the outside.
2. Peaches, pears, apricots, quinces, strawberries, and apples are members of the rose family.
桃子、梨、杏子、木瓜、草莓和苹果都是蔷薇科的成员。
3. The difference between nectarines and peaches is that nectarines don't have fuzzy skins. You can graft peach branches onto a nectarine tree or nectarine branches onto a peach tree so you have both types of fruits.
油桃和桃子的区别是油桃没有绒毛皮。你可以把桃枝嫁接到油桃树上，或者把油桃枝嫁接到桃树上，这样你就可以同时获得两种水果。
4. Trees are the longest-living organisms on earth.
树木是地球上寿命最长的生物。
Some interesting facts about plants
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Some interesting facts about plants
1. Around 2000 different types of plants are used by humans to
make food.
2. There are over 200,000 identified plant species and the list is
growing all the time.
3. Bamboo is the fastest-growing woody plant in the world; it
can grow 35 inches in a single day.
4. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that grapes were
grown to make wine about 8,000 years ago in Mesopotamia
(today's Iraq), although the ancient Egyptians were the first to
record the process of making wine about 5,000 years ago.
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Some interesting facts about plants
1. Tomato juice is the official state beverage of Ohio, honoring the part A. W. Livingston of Reynoldsburg, Ohio, played in popularizing the tomato in the late 1800s.
番茄汁是俄亥俄州的官方饮料，是为了纪念俄亥俄州雷诺兹堡的利文斯顿在19世纪晚期推广番茄的过程中发挥的作用。
2. The word pineapple comes from European explorers who thought the fruit combined the look of a pinecone with flesh like that of an apple. Pineapples are the only edible members of the bromeliad family.
菠萝这个词来自欧洲探险家，他们认为这种水果结合了松果的外观和苹果的果肉。菠萝是凤梨科中唯一可食用的成员。
3. From a botanical standpoint, avocados and pumpkins are fruits, not vegetables, because they bear the plants' seeds. Rhubarb, on the other hand, is a vegetable.
从植物学的角度来看，鳄梨和南瓜是水果，而不是蔬菜，因为它们有植物的种子。而大黄则是一种蔬菜。
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Some interesting facts about plants
1. A sunflower looks like one large flower, but each head is composed of hundreds of tiny flowers called florets, which ripen to become the seeds. This is the case for all plants in the sunflower family, including daisies, yarrow, goldenrod, asters, coreopsis, and bachelor's buttons.
向日葵看起来像一朵大花，但每个花头都由数百朵小花组成，小花成熟后成为种子。向日葵家族的所有植物都是如此，包括雏菊、蓍草、一枝黄、紫苑、金鸡菊和矢车菊。
2. The title for the world's hottest chili pepper remains contested. Bhut jolokia, 401.5 times hotter than bottled hot pepper sauce, earned the Guinness World Records title in 2007, but several hotter chilis have claimed the title since then.
世界上最辣辣椒的称号仍有争议。比瓶装辣椒酱辣401.5倍的Bhut jolokia在2007年赢得了吉尼斯世界纪录，但从那以后，几个更辣的辣椒声称拥有这一称号。
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The Secret language
of Plants
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1. n.（古代的）神话
2. n.传说，传奇（故事）
3. v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
4. n.黄蜂
5. n.杀虫剂，农药
6. n.根
7. n.辣椒
单
词
清
障
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
myth
legend
detect
wasp
pesticide
root
chilli
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8. v.把……联系起来；连接
9. n.真菌
10. n. 真菌(复数)
11. adj.真菌的
12. n.网络犯罪
13. n.厘米
单
词
清
障
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
link
fungus
fungi
fungal
cybercrime
centimetre
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Extensive reading for
1. the main idea of the passage (skimming)
2. the main idea of each paragraph (skimming)
3. the organization of the passage
4. specific details in the passage (scanning)
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Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事，例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。
Main idea:
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends.
The first paragraph is used to introduce the main topic of the passage.
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With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
Main idea:
New research has revealed that plants can communicate.
The second paragraph is used to clearly illustrate the thesis statement
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It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I”m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质相互交流。当一株植物—比如豆科植物—被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。植物从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了!” 当另一株豆类植物检测到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫—黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于种植不用使用农药的农作物。
Main idea:
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
Point 1
Using chemicals
Developing idaes
Main idea:
Plants also use sound to communicate.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
更不可思议的是，植物还能用声音进行交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在缺水时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
Point 2
Using sounds
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Main idea:
Plants have a communication system called “wood wide web” in a forest.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接。通过“植物万维网”，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
Point 3
Using complicated communication system
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Main idea:
Scientists are learning more about the secret language of plants.
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
The last paragraph is used as a conclusion and a restatement
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This passage is an Expository Essay
The word “expository” is a derivative of the word “exposition”. As you can already understand from the name, the core task behind an expository essay is to expose information. Simply put, to expose something means to lay something uncover, or discover information in a way to make it understandable for a reader.
Thus, an expository essay is a structured academic paper that investigates an idea, provides argumentation, and presents everything in simple language to make the concept clear for everyone.
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Expository Essay Structure
As a rule, expository writing typically has a standard 5-paragraph essay structure:
Paragraph 1: Introduction with a topic/hook to grab the readers' attention, and a thesis
statement(主旨句) that clearly presents the main concept and goal of your
essay.
Paragraph 2: Body, 1st point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 3: Body, 2nd point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 4: Body, 3rd point/argument with supporting evidence.
Paragraph 5: Conclusion with a concise summary of your key points/a thesis restatement.
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Organization
of the passage
Part 1：Introduction and thesis statement
Para.1-2 Plants can communicate
Part 2：Body
Para. 3-5 Plants have various ways to communicte
Part 3: Conclusion
Para. 6 Scientists are learning more about the
language of plants.
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Modern research is showing that plants can_______________
Using chemicals
* The plant releases chemicals
_____________________
that are being eaten.
* When another plants detects the chemicals, it starts to
_____________
Maybe one day we will be able to “talk”with plants.
communicate
from the leaves
release its own chemicals
Using sound
* Some plants make noise _____________________
* A chilli plant can
__________________
* Some trees make
_____________
with their roots
tell if a neighbouring palnt is helpful or unfriendly
clicking noise to indicate drought's coming
Using the wood wide web
* This fungal network links ___________________
* Plants can ______________
with each other
* Plants can_______________
to attack other plants
the roots of different plants
share information
spread poisons
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Intensive reading for
1. key words and expression in the passage
2. grammar structure in the passage
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Talking plants have long been a thing of myths and legends. Many cultures have stories of talking trees
that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have
visited such a tree in India. And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people.
talking plants, 会说话的树，talking 为现在分词作定语，可以替换成一个定语从句，plants that talk
that引导的定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略，关系词也可以用which
sb be said to have done 据说某人曾经做过某事
1. The minister gave a _____________(warn) that if war broke out, it would be a catastrophy.
2. Hackers are said ________________(start) to have started a computer virus and many Interneters have
been affected .
单句语法填空
warning
to have started
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动词的现在分词作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系，现在分词可以替换成一个定语从句。
注意1：分词的完成式不可作定语
注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语，不
用过去分词，这是考试的易错点。
1. There was a terrible noise ___________(follow) the sudden burst of light.
2. He saw a ___________(fly) bird and raised his bow.
3. I was satisfied with the ___________(excite) speech.
4. We've had an urgent message ___________(say) that your father's ill.
flying
following
exciting
saying
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With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it
appears that plants can communicate after all.
分词作定语，修饰不定代词
something，要后置
with+名词/代词+doing, 现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动
with复合结构在句中作状语，说明状态或背景
1. With prices ____________(going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
2. With the crowds ____________(cheer), they drove to the palace.
3. With exams ____________(approach), it's a good idea to review your class notes.
4. I cycled off down the road withte dog ____________(run) bhind.
following
cheering
approaching
running
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with或without+名词/代词+非谓语动词 的其他情况
With no one __________(talk)to, John felt miserable.
With a lot of work __________(do), he wasn't allowed to go out.
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes __________(fix) on the ceiling.
She had to walk home with her bike __________(steal).
with或without+名词/代词 +动词不定式，不定式表示将发生的动作。
with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的被动关系。
to talk
to do
fixed
stolen
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It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I”m being attacked!”
When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different
chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract insects—the wasps! The wasps kill the
insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we
can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
that引导主语从句，It为形式主语，这样为了避免头部过大。请思考：如何用定语从句改写这个句子？
say，此处表示“比如”之意
that引导的定语从句，关系词that也可以用which, 关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略
injured，动词的过去分词作定语，和所修饰的名词表示被动关系
warning，-ing form做定语，表示功能，用途
that引导的定语从句，关系词that也可以用which, 关系词在定语从句中作主语，不可以省略
Some...Others/Other...，有些...,有些...。
描述很多种情况中的两种
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单句语法填空
1. We must adapt our thinking to the _________(damage) living conditions.
2. The concert _________(give) by their friends was a success.
3. The meeting, _________(attend) by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero.
4. The boy looked up with a _________(satisfy) expression.
5. He is the man _________ helped the girl out of the water.
6. _________ he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
damaged
given
attended
satisfied
that/who
That
Developing idaes
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chilli plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving.
现在分词作状语，表示方式
1. On the last day of our week long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on
the North Shore under the stars, ___________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2. Many Chinese brands,__________________( develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
3. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________( reflect )man’s intelligence and creativity.
4. __________(spend) much time at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
listening
having developed
reflecting
Spending
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Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in
a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.
While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the
wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
其中最令人吃惊的是...
amazing，现在分词变成形容词，表示“令人...的”
in some way在某种程度上
similar to...与...相似
菌类fungus单数，fungi 复数，fungal形容词
personification is used here to make the description more vivid.
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单句语法填空
1. The study further strengthens the evidence_________(link) smoking with early death.
2. Generally _________(speak), there are several reasons accounting for this accident.
3. _________(judge) from his worried face, we knew that he must have had some trouble.
4. This _________(fungus) infection spreads easily at your local gym.
5. __________________(最令人吃惊的是), quite a few said they don't intend to vote at all.
6. The meeting heard that two workers had been fired on the spot with no official reason
______(give).
linking
speaking
Judging
fungal
Most surprisingly
given
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Writing Task of Unit 5
How to write an observational journal about the sunflower
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First month
Sunflowers can be grown in pots. They can be started off indoors in any season. Sow one seed per pot and water to make the soil moist.
Sunflower has shot within a week to ten days of sowing the seed. Supporting them with a cane will keep them upright until they are big enough to support themselves – if you don’t have any canes you could consider using pencils, chopsticks or knitting needles.
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Second month
Sunflowers like plenty of sun but also like to be kept moist. Put the pot at a sunny spot and water it regularly.
The stem is thicker with over ten leaves on it. The leaves are becoming bigger over time. There are some fluffs on the leaves.
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Week 8
The stem has grown to aound 30 meters tall and has produced a flower. The foloer is yellow, and shaped like the sun. Your room will be brighten up with their large, dramatic heads and petals.
See
you
next time
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