外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 5 Revealing nature Section B Using language（学案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修一Unit 5 Revealing nature Section B Using language（学案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-08-28 13:43:34 | ||
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Section B Using language
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会本节语法。
知识运用
1.declare
词性：_________ 意思：________
declare...（to b）……布/宣称……为……
declare war on...向……宣战
declare against… 反对……
declare for...声明赞成/支持……
练习：Angry residents have declared war _____ the owners of the factory.
2.blame
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
blame sb./sth.for sth.=blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物
sb./sth.is to blame（for sth.）某人/某事物（对某事）负有责任
take/accept the blame（for sth.）承担（某事的）责任
outlay/place the blame on sb.把责任归咎于某人
the blame lies with sb.责任在于某人
练习：Marie still blames herself _____ Patrick's death
3.decline
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
decline by… 减少了……
decline in... 在方面降低
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
a decline in...在……方面的下降
in decline/on the decline在下降
fall/go into decline开始衰落
练习：There has been a decline _____ the size of families.
4.be harmful to
意思：________
do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth.harm对……有害
cause sb./sth.harm对……造成伤害
suffer harm受到伤害
do more harm than good弊大于利
come to no harm/not come to any harm没有受到伤害
mean no harm/not mean any harm无意伤害，没有恶意
练习：Try to reduce the use of chemicals that are _____ (harm) to the environment.
5.be home to
意思：________
be/feel at home舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如"
make sb.feel at home使某人感到宾至如归
find a home for sth.找地方安置某物
hit/drive/hammer sth.home直接明确阐述某事物（使人充分理解）
bring sth.home to sb.使某人充分意识到某事（的严重性、难度或危险性）
hit/strike home（言语等）正中要害；（形势、经历）使人豁然省悟
练习：Warwick is home _____ some 550 international students.
语法讲解
过去完成时
1过去完成时的构成和用法
构成：had+动词的过去分词
用法：
（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when, before, after, by the time等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cable cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。
The barber had shaved himself before attending yesterday's wedding.
理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
The worker said he had worked for the employer since last year.
这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。
（3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hoped/
planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即"hoped/planned....to have done"。
I had planned to come, but I was prevented by the bad weather.
我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。
2常用过去完成时的句式
（1）It/This/That was the first/second…time that sb. had done sth.
这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
（2）表示"一...."的hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..句式中，含hardly/scarcely, no sooner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
I had hardly/scarcely answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
=Hardly/Scarcely had I answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。
（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/would rather/only if后的从句中用过去完成时。
I wish I had been at your party last Tuesday. 我希望上周二我参加了你的聚会。
3过去完成时与其他时态的区别
（1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
在含有after或before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
.After he (had) left the room, the employer came in.
他离开房间后，老板进来了。
“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。
（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。
I have lived in Beijing for one year. 我已经在北京住了一年了。（到现在为止）
练习：
By the end of last year, he _____ (collect) more than 10 foreign records.
I _____ (finish) my homework before I had supper.
This was the second time that the musician _____ (tour) Europe.
The audience had hardly been seated _____ the saxophone solo started.
My friend Andrew _____ (live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England.
He once _____ (work) as a lecturer, but now he is a manager.
答案
知识运用
1.on 2.for 3.in 4.harmful 5.to
语法讲解
1.had collected 2.had finished 3.had toured 4.when 5.had lived 6.worked
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、学会本节语法。
知识运用
1.declare
词性：_________ 意思：________
declare...（to b）……布/宣称……为……
declare war on...向……宣战
declare against… 反对……
declare for...声明赞成/支持……
练习：Angry residents have declared war _____ the owners of the factory.
2.blame
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
blame sb./sth.for sth.=blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物
sb./sth.is to blame（for sth.）某人/某事物（对某事）负有责任
take/accept the blame（for sth.）承担（某事的）责任
outlay/place the blame on sb.把责任归咎于某人
the blame lies with sb.责任在于某人
练习：Marie still blames herself _____ Patrick's death
3.decline
词性：_________ 意思：________
词性：_________ 意思：________
decline by… 减少了……
decline in... 在方面降低
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
a decline in...在……方面的下降
in decline/on the decline在下降
fall/go into decline开始衰落
练习：There has been a decline _____ the size of families.
4.be harmful to
意思：________
do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth.harm对……有害
cause sb./sth.harm对……造成伤害
suffer harm受到伤害
do more harm than good弊大于利
come to no harm/not come to any harm没有受到伤害
mean no harm/not mean any harm无意伤害，没有恶意
练习：Try to reduce the use of chemicals that are _____ (harm) to the environment.
5.be home to
意思：________
be/feel at home舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如"
make sb.feel at home使某人感到宾至如归
find a home for sth.找地方安置某物
hit/drive/hammer sth.home直接明确阐述某事物（使人充分理解）
bring sth.home to sb.使某人充分意识到某事（的严重性、难度或危险性）
hit/strike home（言语等）正中要害；（形势、经历）使人豁然省悟
练习：Warwick is home _____ some 550 international students.
语法讲解
过去完成时
1过去完成时的构成和用法
构成：had+动词的过去分词
用法：
（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when, before, after, by the time等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cable cars.
到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。
The barber had shaved himself before attending yesterday's wedding.
理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。
The worker said he had worked for the employer since last year.
这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。
（3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hoped/
planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即"hoped/planned....to have done"。
I had planned to come, but I was prevented by the bad weather.
我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。
2常用过去完成时的句式
（1）It/This/That was the first/second…time that sb. had done sth.
这/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
（2）表示"一...."的hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..句式中，含hardly/scarcely, no sooner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
I had hardly/scarcely answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
=Hardly/Scarcely had I answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。
（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/would rather/only if后的从句中用过去完成时。
I wish I had been at your party last Tuesday. 我希望上周二我参加了你的聚会。
3过去完成时与其他时态的区别
（1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
在含有after或before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
.After he (had) left the room, the employer came in.
他离开房间后，老板进来了。
“时间名词+ before”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词+ ago”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。
（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。
I have lived in Beijing for one year. 我已经在北京住了一年了。（到现在为止）
练习：
By the end of last year, he _____ (collect) more than 10 foreign records.
I _____ (finish) my homework before I had supper.
This was the second time that the musician _____ (tour) Europe.
The audience had hardly been seated _____ the saxophone solo started.
My friend Andrew _____ (live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England.
He once _____ (work) as a lecturer, but now he is a manager.
答案
知识运用
1.on 2.for 3.in 4.harmful 5.to
语法讲解
1.had collected 2.had finished 3.had toured 4.when 5.had lived 6.worked