2023届初高中英语衔接语法专题复习： 基本句型 课件（共30张PPT）

(共29张PPT)
八、状语
状语:
修饰v., adj., adv., 介词短语，从句或全句的成分是状语。
它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度。
修饰adj.的状语常放adj.之前，修饰v.的状语常放v.之后。但有些表频率的adv.(如often, always, usually等)作状语时，则放行为动词之前。
1. Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）2. He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）3. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）4. He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）5. Wait a minute.（名词）6. Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
1) How about meeting again at six （时间状语）
2) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
3) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
4) Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
7) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
9) She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
10) I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练一练
1) He knows how to teach English properly.
2) My parents often tell us about their life in the past.
3) We have been best friends since primary school.
4) He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.
5) He came here to see his parents.
6) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
7) He heard some noises when he was reading.
找出下列句子的状语：
1) He knows how to teach English properly.
2) My parents often tell us about their life in the past.
3) We have been best friends since primary school.
4) He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow.
5) He came here to see his parents.
6) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
7) He heard some noises when he was reading.
综合练习
P104
句子成分综合练习
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
主语 定语
宾语
谓语 状语
定语
状语
定语 表语
宾语
谓语 主语
谓语
主语 表语
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say
15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
谓语 宾语
状语
形式宾语 真正宾语
宾语 定语
状语
宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语)
状语 状语
形式主语 表语 宾补
宾补
表语
On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a group 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _6____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many _7_______ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 ___ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 __ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
so
to get
of
who
recommended
competition
traditional
hugely
were invited
listening
第4节
句子
一、句子的种类
句子分类
按句子功能分类：
句子
陈述句
declarative sentence
疑问句
interrogative sentence
感叹句
exclamatory sentence
祈使句
imperative sentence
一、句子种类(两种分类法)
1.句子按其用途可分为四类
1）___________句（肯定、否定），用以陈述事实。
I don’t care what she thinks.
She didn’t hear of you before.
2) ___________句（一般、特殊、选择、反意），用以提出问题。
Your friend is a doctor, isn’t he / When do we meet again / Do they like skating / Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
3) ___________句，用以表示命令，请求等。
Have a good sleep and think it over./ Be careful, boys.
Everybody stand up! /Somebody lend me a pen!
4）___________句，用以表示各种强烈的感情。
What a coincidence to meet in San Francisco!
How clever the boy is! How ___ ______ he is !
What ___ ____ __ he is !
陈述
疑问
祈使
感叹
clever (a boy )
a clever boy
用what 和how 填空：
__________ good boys they are!
_______ good the boy is!
______ well he plays the guitar!
______ good a boy he is!
What
How
How
How
按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or, not only…but also…, neither…nor…,等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; _____the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
Hurry up, you’ll miss the train.
Hurry up, you’ll catch the train.
I was doing my homework ___the light went out.
I was doing my homework ____ he was watching TV.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.
but
or
and
when
while
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.(状语从句)
This is the book which I am looking for. (定语从句)
What you said is correct. (主语从句)
I don’t know when she will come back. (宾语从句)
The news that our team had won excited us. (同位语从句)
His suggestion is that we should stay calm. (表语从句)
练一练
P107
句子综合练习
（一）判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
简单句
复合句
简单句
简单句
并列句
复合句
并列句
复合句
简单句
简单句
二、简单句的五种基本句型
Five Sentence Structures动词v.系动词Linking word不及物动词Vi.及物动词Vt.主+系+表主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾Our teacher of English is an American.（ 作表语）
Is it yours （ 作表语）
The weather has turned cold. （ 作表语）
The speech is exciting. （ 作表语）
Three times seven is twenty one （ 作表语）
His job is to teach English. （ 作表语）
His hobbyis playing football. （ 作表语）
The machine must be out of order. （ 作表语）
Time is up. The class is over. （ 作表语）
The truth is that he has never been abroad. （ 作表语）
名词
代词
形容词
形容词
数词
动词不定式
现在分词
介宾短语
副词
从句
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：
He well.他面色好。
It ____ nice.这个听起来不错。
I good.我感觉好。
Silk smooth.丝绸摸起来很光滑。
The egg ___ bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
The dish ___ delicious. 这道菜吃起来很美味。
He has ____ a writer.他已经成为一名作家。
The problem ____ unsolved. 那个问题仍未解决。
He always silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
His theory to be correct.他的理论证明是正确的。
仔细体会表语和主语的关系你会明白，表语是表示主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
looks
sounds
feel
feels
smells
tastes
become
remains
keeps
proves
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：
2、主语+不及物动词：
e.g. She cried. It rained.
Nothing happened. The snake disappeared.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：
e.g. Henry bought a dictionary yesterday.
I enjoy sports.
He looks after his little daughter on Sundays
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：
e.g. My father bought me a new bike.
= My father bought a new bike me.
Will you please choose me a better one
= Will you please choose a better one me
I’ll give you a new dictionary.
= I’ll give a new dictionary you.
for
for
to
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：
e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. （ 作宾语补足语）
His father named him Dongming. （ 作宾语补足语）
They painted their boat white. （ 作宾语补足语）
Let the fresh air in. （ 作宾语补足语）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （ ___ 作宾语补足语）
We saw her entering the room. （ 作宾语补足语）
We found everything in the lab in good order. （ 作宾语补足语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now. （ 作宾语补足语）
They elected him their monitor. （ 作宾语补足语）
注意：比较双宾语和复合宾语的关系你会发现：
之间是没有逻辑关系的，而 之间具有主语和表语的关系或主语和谓语的关系。
动词
名词
形容词
副词
不定式短语
现在分词
介词短语
句子
名词
双宾语
复合宾语
Every second matters.
I am a teacher.
You have many new books.
He gives me some money.
They painted the wall white.
练一练
判断下面句子是那种简单句的句型
主+系+表
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
1. The machine doesn’t work.
2. He is an honest student.
3. The silk feels soft.
4. I have a lot of friends here.
5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.
6. I saw him writing a letter.
7. I find maths difficult.
8. We call her Lily.
9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.
主
谓
宾
定
表
宾补
主
系
表
主
系
主
谓
主
主
主
主
主
谓
谓
谓
谓
谓
宾
宾
宾
宾补
宾补
宾补
宾
宾
宾
句子成分 常用词性
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
状语
表语
宾补
n/pron.
n./pron.
Adj.
Adv.
n./adj.
n./adj./to do /doing
V
（二）按要求完成下列句子
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________ （完成反意疑问）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8. They could hardly believe his words, __________ （完成反意疑问）
He doesn't dare to tell the truth./ He dare not tell the truth.
How long have they lived here
won't there
Be careful with your pronunciation.
Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening
How interesting the story is!/ What an interesting story it is!
How often does this magazine come out
could they
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10. Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）
How brightly the moon is shining!
Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class
感谢聆听