人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration 不定式的用法 课件(40张ppt)

(共40张PPT)
非谓语动词之
动词不定式
to do的用法
课前自主扫描
形式
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般式 　
完成式 　
进行式 \ 　
完成 进行式 \ 　
to do
to be done
to be
doing
to have
done
to have
been done
to have
been doing
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
表示谓语动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时,仍在进行
① To err is human.
[谚]金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过
② To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
一、不定式做主语
1、不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可以用v-ing替代，但表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法时，通常不用v-ing替代
① It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.
冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
2、不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
3、若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，以使句子结构平衡。
[真题链接]
1、(2021 新高考I卷语法填空政编）
You can't help wondering how hard it was for the people then _______ (put) all those rocks into place.
2、(2021 全国甲卷语法填空节选)
It is possible _______ (walk ) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
to put
to walk
3、(2021 全国高考乙卷语法填空政编）
Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _______ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
to have
to walk
二、不定式做表语
1、不定式置于be动词后面作表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。
① His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
[真题链接]
（2021 新高考I卷阅读理解改编）。
His job is _______ (sit) beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
to sit
三、不定式做宾语
1、一些动词后常跟动词不定式（而不跟v-ing）做宾语，常见的该类动词
有：（口诀）主动提出选计划
同意请求等一等
想要学会有决心
可能碰巧会失败
拒绝假装必成功
2、有一些动词后既可以加 to do形式作宾语，也可以加 v-ing作宾语，但意义不同。
mean to do sth.
mean doing sth.
打算做某事
意味着做某事
go on to do sth.
go on doing sth.
继续做另一件事
继续做同一件事
3、用于“v. + it+ adj. /n. +to do”结构中。其中it做形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。
能用于该结构的动词有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等
I find it pleasant to work with him.
eg：我发现跟他一块儿工作挺愉快的。
I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
eg：我认为学一门外语是有用的。
[真题链接]
1、(四川高考单项填空改编）
New technologies have made it possible
_______ (turn) out new products faster and at a lower cost.
2、（山东高考单项填空改编）
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _______ (tell) one from the
other.
to turn
to tell
四、不定式做定语
不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的词后面。
1、动词不定式做定语的几种情况：
① 序数词、形容词最高级或 the only/ the first / the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
eg：他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
② 抽象名词 time、way、reason、chance、opportunity、ability、promise、attempt等后常用不定式作定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
eg：他许诺明天按时来这。
[真题链接]
1、(浙江高考语法填空节选）
Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology
___________ (change) lives.
2、（全国I卷阅读理解改编）
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way _______ (see) the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D. C.
to change
to see
[真题链接]
3、(北京高考单项填空改编）
Volunteering gives you a chance
_________ (change) lives, including your own.
to change
③ something、anything、nothing等不定代词后常用不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say？
eg：你有什么要说的吗？
④ 动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
He said he had an important meeting to attend.
eg：他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。
⑤ 在there be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语。
不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
There's nothing to worry about.
eg：没什么可担心的。
be worried about.
特别提醒：见下张
特别提醒：
在there be 句型中，当由说话人去执行的动作，多用主动形式（表示义务、责任或主动性）；由别人去执行动作，多用被动形式（表可能性）。
eg： There are still many things to take care of.
还有许多事需要我们处理。(讲话人处理)
There are still many things to be taken care of.
eg：还有许多事需要处理。(别人处理)
2、动词不定式中的动词与被修饰词之间的关系
① 动宾关系
Do you have anything to send？
eg：你有什么东西要寄吗？
eg：你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗？
Do you have anything to be sent？
② 主谓关系
指被修饰词是动词不定式中动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式相当于关系代词作主语的定语从句。
eg： We need someone to help with the work.
我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。
= We need someone
that can help
with the work.
She is the only student to attend the important meeting.
eg：她是唯一一名要去参加这次重要会议的学生。
= She is the only student
that is to
attend the important meeting.
[真题链接]
1、(重庆高考）
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _______
A. catching B. caught
C. to catch D. to be caught
2、（四川高考单项填空改编）
The airport _____________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
C
to be completed
[真题链接]
3、(重庆高考单项填空改编）
We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision __________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
to be made
五、不定式做状语
1、作目的状语
一般放在向子后部，表示强调，也可位于句首; 其前可加 in order 和 so as,但so as 不能放在句首
I came here to say goodbye to you.
eg：我来这是为了向你告别。
In order to pass the exam, he studied hard till midnight.
eg：为了通过考试,他努力学习到半夜.
[真题链接]
1、(2021 新高考I老阅读理解改编）
Milions of aores or wetlands were dried ________ (feed) and house the ever-
increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2、（天津5月高考单项填空改编）
The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection
___________(promote) economic growth.
to feed
to promote
2、作原因状语
常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的形容词之后。
We're quite glad to meet you here.
eg：我们很高兴在这见到你。
I am sorry to hear that your grandma is ill.
eg：听说你奶奶生病了,我感到很难过。
[真题链接]
1、(全国I卷单项填空改编）
The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________
(watch) anything that happened to be on.
2、 They were very surprised ________ (inform) of the news.
to watch
to be informed
3、作结果状语
作结果状语时往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的结果。
其前有时加上only ,表出乎意料的结果。
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
eg： 他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。
特别提醒：
现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果,即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。
Jack has made great progress, making his parents very happy.
eg：杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
[真题链接]
1、(天津高考单项填空改编）
Anxiously, she took the dress out
of the package and tried it on, only _____ (find) it didn't fit.
to find
六、不定式做补语
1、 ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, order, encourage, prefer, expeet, force, wish, beg 等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语
My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
eg：我的老师鼓励我出国留学。
His parents don't allow him to go out at night.
eg：他父母不允许他晚上出去。
He warned Tom to keep away from his daughter.
eg：他警告Tom离他女儿远点。
2、 believe、consider、declare、find、imagine、prove、suppose、think 等表示意见 认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是"to be"或" to have been"形式。
I believe him to be honest.
eg：我相信他是诚实的。
l judged him to have been a teacher.
eg：我判断他曾是一位教师。
They consider it to be a quality product.
eg：他们认为这是个高质量的产品。
Tom was reported to have won a million dollars last week.
eg：Tom被报道上周中了一百万。
Exercise
Practice ~
1、During the Mid-Auturn Festival,
family members often gather together
________(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
to share
2、I didn't mean _______ (eat) anything，but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it.
to eat
3、Please let me know where the meeting is ________ （hold）tomorrow.
to be held
4、The students are looking forward to
having an opportunity ________ (explore) sociely for real-life experience.
to explore
5、Exercise energizes you, so it
is more difficult ________ (relax) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
to relax
6、He is the first Chinese citizen _______ (win) this award.
to win
7、It's unwise of you _______ (sit ) around feeling sorry for yourself.
to sit
8、The rule says that the last one _______ (leave) the office should remember
_________ (close) the windows.
to leave
9、She pretended ________ (be) calm but actually she was very nervous when she was being questioned.
to close
to be
10、 They don't allow ________(speak) loud here. That is to say, we are not allowed ________ (speak) loud here.
speaking
11、________(see) is to believe. I won't believe it until I see it myself.
To see
12、No matter where he is, he makes it a rule _____(go) for a walk before breakfast.
to go
to speak
13、In order not _____ (be）”hanery(钱怒)”,I often have some healthy snacks between meals.
to be