代词
代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词
人称代词做主语时用主格,做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时,用宾格较多,例如:Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格:It was he who did it.. It is she who wants this clothes.
在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意:
1)she可以用来代表国家,船只,大地,月亮等。
e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.
2) 在并列的主语中,I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
3) 第三人称,男女两性并用时,男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
二 物主代词
英语中主要有下列这些物主代词:
类型 词义
我的
你的
他(她,它)的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性物主代词
my
your
His, her, its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
His, hers, its
ours
yours
theirs
1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语,如my brother 名词性的物主代词可以作:
表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.
2) 主语 Ours is a big family.
3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later.
2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语
That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….
三 自(反)身代词
1.这些词可用来:
作宾语I can’t express myself in English.
2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
3)作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.
在作同位语时,自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”
They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。
与by oneself较难区分 By oneself 译为“一个人干(不要别人帮助)”
They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
2.自身代词常和某些动词连用
Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好), help yourself to sth. 请吃点。。。
Come to oneself苏醒
3.常与某些介词连用
By oneself 一个人做(不要别人帮助)
For oneself替自己,自己 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
In oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。
To oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。
四 相互代词
One another与each other由于表示相互关系,称为相互代词,两者的用法是差不多的。
We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。
五 指示代词
有this, that, these, those.
注意:
前面刚提到的东西,英语中常用that (或those)表示,而汉语中却常用这表示。
e.g. We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。
2. 指下面要谈到的事物时,常用this, 例如
I want to know this: has John been here?
3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现,表示人们或东西(后面多有一定定语修饰)
Those who wish to go to the concert may sign up here.
He was among those who attended it. 他是到会人之一。
六 疑问代词
有who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语,whom做宾语。
1 what, who 一般来说,what 问的是职业或地位,who问的是姓名。
----What was her husband?
---- He was a lawyer.
比较 ---- who was her husband?
----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2 which, what Which用于已知情况的选择,其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情况的疑问,其后不能跟of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3 在以这类代词做主语时,后面的动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式,要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。e.g. Who live(s) in this room?
如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数,则动词多用单数形式。
-----What’s there on the desk?
----- There’re some books on it.
七 关系代词:关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which,是用来引起定语从句的。它一面代表定语从句所修饰的那个名词(或代词),一面又在从句内担任一个成分。举例问学生:
The worker who invented the machine is now studying at Qinghua University.
Who指这个工人,在从句中做主语。
He is no longer the man that he was. That指这个man, 在从句中做表语。
Who, whom 。Who, whom代表人,在从句中做主语时用who, 做宾语时用whom.
The girl who spoke is my best friend.
I want to find someone with whom I can discuss such things.
2 whose。代表“某个人的”,在从句中做定语。
Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi’an?
3. which 代表事物,在从句中可以用作主语和宾语。
He told a story which moved us deeply.
4 that代表事物的时候更多些,也可代表人,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。
需要注意以下几点:
在先行词是anything, all, much等词的句子中,多用that,不要用which.
I never took anything that didn’t belong to me.
2. 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种,在限制性定语从句中,如果前面紧挨着介词,则不能用that.
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
3. 在非限制性定从中,不能用that, 只能用who, whom代表人,用 which代表物。
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
在这种从句中,which有时可代表前面说的整个情况或主句的某一部分,而不只代表一个词。
He failed his exam, which proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
八 连接代词:疑问代词都可以用作连接代词,来引起主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。
e.g. It is not decided who will hold the meeting?
Do you know whose pen it is?
The question is whom I should trust.
1 代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。
What (the thing which) she lacks is experience.
We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. (这里常出现that这个迷惑项。)
2 who(m), which, what可以和ever构成合成词,和前面所提到的疑问代词一样,引导主从或宾从。(也就是whatever, whichever, whoever的用法)
Whatever he did was right.
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
九 不定代词:英语中有下面这些不定代词:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词,如:anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.
1 none, no one, nothing的用法区别
(1)none即可指人,也可指物,且一定是特指,常用来回答how many/much引导的疑问句;no one只能指人,而且只能是泛指概念,常来回答who引导的疑问句;nothing侧重于物,常用来回答what引导的疑问句。
----How many people are there in the room?
----- None. (问学生)
――Who is in the room?
----- No one./nobody.
(2) none后面可加of引导的介词短语,而something, anything, everything, nothing, someone….却不能。
(3)none后面的谓语用什么?单数还是复数。
答:none做主语时,如果侧重所有人的情况,动词多用复数,如果侧重每个人的情况,动词用单数。None of us are perfect.我们都不是完人。
None of us has got a bike. 我们谁都没有自行车。
2 each 和every的区别
(1)each强调个体,every强调“全体”。不可用not each来表示部分否定,而not every表示部分否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实(让学生翻)。=not every man is honest.
(2) every还可以表示“每隔。。。的;每。。。中的”
Every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天one car to every 20 people每20人承1辆车。
3 another, other, the other, others, the others的用法
(1) another经常指三者或三者以上中的另一个,意思是“另外一个”,表示泛指。
I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.
(2) other表示“另外的”,只作定语。Any other plant, some other day(某天)
(3)the other,两者中的另一个。常与one连用,构成one…the other (一个。。。另一个)
(4)others泛指别的人或物,是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部,全部是“the others”)e.g. some… others
(5) the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的复数形式。
4 全部否定和部分否定
(1)All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定,no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any(其实是我们接触过最简单的句型) 和no +名词都表示全部否定;但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定;
e.g. Both of them haven’t read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。
=only one of them has read this story.
All bamboo doesn’t grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。
全部否定的例子:all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明,但没有一个人能解出这道题。
(2)总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时,也表示部分否定。如:
Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。(部分否定)
Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。(全否)
5 both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法
都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
都
all
any
none
巩固练习
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
四.答案1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C
课件23张PPT。(三)代 词
一、物主代词的用法【说明】 “of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语。
Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.二、反身代词的用法
【说明】 反身代词的惯用语:
by oneself独自
for oneself为自己,亲自
of oneself自动地,自发地 help oneself to随便吃……,自行取用
come to oneself苏醒
make oneself at home不要客气
三、替代词的用法
代词it与替代词one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的
用法区别:
it指代前面提到过的事物。
one替代单数名词,表示泛指;ones为其复数形式。
the one替代前面的单数名词,表示特指,其后往往带定语;
the ones为其复数形式。
that既可以替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,若
替代单数可数名词时,相当于the one。
those替代复数名词,相当于the ones。 Your story is interesting,but I don’t like it.
I haven’t got a computer. I want to buy one next year.
The population in China is much larger than that in Japan.
The conditions are like those in the real spaceship.
四、疑问代词的用法
1.what,who
一般说来,what问的是职业或地位;who问的是姓名。
What was her husband?她丈夫是干什么的?
Who was her husband?她丈夫是谁?2.what,which
which用于已知情况的选择,其后可跟of短语;what用于未知情
况的疑问,其后不能跟of短语。
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better,oranges or apples?
3.whatever,whichever,whoever分别为what,which,
who的强调形式。
Whatever do you want?
Whoever gave you the book?4.注意下列疑问词的使用与汉语的差别。五、不定代词的用法
六、不定代词的语法特征
1.every和no只能用作形容词,不能用作代词。
2.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一概用单数。表物类的复合
不定代词,其指代代词用单数,即:it,its;表人类的复合不定
代词,其指代代词通常用复数,即:they,their或them等。
He said something was lost,but he didn’t say what it was.
3.复合不定代词后都不可接of短语,但分开写的some one,every
one,any one都是两个词,之后可接of短语(注意no one不可接of
短语)。
Every one of the students can speak good English.七、不定代词的用法难点
1.no one,none,nothing的用法区别
(1)no one单独使用,只用于指人。
No one knows anything when he or she is born.
(2)none一般与of短语连用,指人或物。
none of the boys/the money/them
none可强调数的概念,表示特指。
He has many friends,but none can really help him when he is in
trouble.
(3)nothing意为“什么也没有,没有东西”,表示泛指概念。
Nothing can stop us marching forward.2.another,other,the other,others,the others的用法一览表八、代词it的用法
1.作人称代词
(1)指已提及的物品、事情、话语或动植物等。
He bought a magazine and lent it to me.
(2)指心中所想的人或事物。
“Who is knocking on the door?”“It must be my brother.”
(3)指天气状况、自然现象、时间、距离等。
It was almost two o’clock when he came back home.
(4)指小孩子。
The child smiled when it saw its mother.
(5)指生活或身体状况。
How is it going with you?你的生活如何?2.作笼统宾语
(1)用在某些动词、介词之后。
I like it here.我喜欢这里。
We had a good time of it.我们玩得很愉快。
(2)用于某些习语中。
I got it.我明白了。
That’s it.就这样了。
At last we’ve made it.我们终于成功了。3.作形式主语或宾语
(1)用于it is+adj./n.+不定式或动名词或that从句中。
It’s illegal to drive without a license.
It is certain that he will succeed.
(2)用于it seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that从句中。
It happened that we had met somewhere.
It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.
(3)用于it looks+as if/though从句中。
It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.
(4)用于it is+pp.+that从句中。
It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University. (5)用于think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或动名词或that从
句中。
We found it useless arguing with him.
(6)用于take it for granted that从句、bring it to one’s attention
that从句、see to it that从句或depend on it that从句中。
We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.
I will see to it that the president is safe.
4.组成特定句型
(1)强调句型it is/was...that/who...
It was yesterday evening that he brought me the book.
(2)it is/has been...since...
It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much. (3)it was (not) /will(not) be...before...
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.
(4)so it is with...或it is the same with...
He is a student and studies very hard,so it is with his brother.
(5)when it comes to (doing) sth .
When it comes to computer games,he is quite an expert.
(6)it’s like sb. to do sth .
It’s quite like him to have been so rude to strangers.
对陌生人如此不礼貌,这很像他的所作所为。
(7)it is one’s turn to do sth .
It’s my turn to look after the baby.
(8)it is (about /high) time to do sth .或that从句
It’s high time that he got himself a wife and settled down. (9)if it weren’t for...或if it had not been for...
If it weren’t for my job,I would come with you.
If it hadn’t been for your help,I would never have succeeded.
(10)it takes (sb .)...to do...
It takes wisdom to settle the quarrel between the two countries.
(11)it is/was the first/second time that...
It’s the first time that I have heard her sing.
(12)it is no wonder that...
It is no wonder that he got the first place in the exam.过关落实
1.________ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
解析:it 在本句中充当形式主语。
答案:C
2.Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you
read stories.
A. that B. those C. any D. some
解析:that代指不可数名词joy。
答案:A3.—What do you think of the performance today?
—Great! ______ but a musical genius could perform so
successfully.
A. All B. None C. Anybody D. Everybody
解析:none but...,除……外没有人;只有。
答案:B
4.He has made a lot of films,but ________ are good ones.
A. any B. some C. few D. many
解析:few指few of the films,表示否定。
答案:C 5.The school’s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow
evening and two ________ on the weekend.
A. more B. other C. else D. another
解析:more 常用于数词后;another用于数词前,“再,又”的意
思。
答案:A
6.________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A. This B. That C. What D. It
解析:it充当形式主语,真正主语为the way he keeps
changing his mind。
答案:D 7.—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was ________?
—________ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that;This B. this;It C. it;This D. that;It
解析:that指第一句中陈述的情况;第二空用it was...that构
成强调句型,that后的句子省略了。
答案:D
8.To save class time,our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for homework.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
解析:us用作students的同位语,作has的宾语。
答案:A 9.The mayor has offered a reward of ?5,000 to ________ who can
capture the tiger alive or dead.
A. both B. others C. anyone D. another
解析:anyone单数,任何人。
答案:C
10.Treat ________ to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.
A. one B. oneself C. you D. yourself
解析:treat oneself to sth .,给自己买某物。
答案:D 11.There will come a day when all of us will be living in cities quite
unlike ________ of the present.
A. ones B. them C. these D. those
解析:those替代上文的cities。
答案:D
12.I am afraid I am not fit for the job,for it is ________ calling
for much patience.
A. which B. what C. one D. that
解析:one 指同类事物中的任何一个。
答案:C 13.Though a great deal of material has been printed,I’m afraid
there aren’t enough copies for each listener to have ________.
A. it B. them C. those D. one
解析:one此处泛指上文copies中的任何一个。
答案:D
14.—How ________ feel to cover 60 miles on foot in a single day?
—Really tiring. Especially when there is no one in company.
A. do you B. does that C. did you D. does it
解析:it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。
答案:D 15.—Of them,how many do you want to act in the film?
—________ if you must ask:still a large number needed!
A. All B. Both
C. Neither D. None
解析:all代指三者或三者以上中的全部。
答案:A 难点 3 不定代词的固定表达
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数与不可数、单数与复数的区别,用时需慎重。
●难点磁场
1.(★★★★)—Is________here?
—No,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody
2.(★★★★)They were very tired,but________of them would stop to take a rest.
A.any B.some C.none D.neither
3.(★★★★)I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have________.
A.it B.those C.them D.one
4.(★★★★★)—When shall we meet again?
—Make it ________day you like;it’s all the same to me.
A.one B.any C.another D.some
5.(★★★★★)I agree with most of what you said,but I don’t agree with________.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
(NMET1997)
6.(★★★★★)Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers.Now she would like to read________stories by writers from________countries.
A.some;any B.other;some C.some;other D.other;other
7.(★★★★)—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I’m afraid________day is possible.
A.either B.neither C.some D.any
8.(★★★★★)Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can’t remember________.
A.where B.there C.which D.that
9.(★★★★★)—Are the new rules working?
—Yes.________books are stolen.
A.Few B.More C.Some D.None
10.(★★★★)Few pleasures can equal________of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
●案例探究
1.If you want to change for a double room,you’ll have to pay________$15.
A.another B.other C.more D.each
(NMET2000)
命题意图:本题考查学生对“又”“再”的英语表达方式的掌握,属五星级题目。
知识依托:“another+数词+复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量。
错解分析:B、C迷惑性较大。因other、more也有“再”“又”之意,但位置与another不同。
解题方法与技巧:必须记清表达方式,数词+more/other+复数可数名词。
答案:A
例:I’ve got another three books.
I’ve got three more/other books.
2.—Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have________?
A.it B.that C.one D.this
(NMET2000)
命题意图:考查学生对表示特指事物的代词和表示泛指事物的代词的区别,属四星级题目。
知识依托:one代替单数可数名词,但泛指物。
错解分析:A项选择迷惑性较大。因人称代词it和不定代词one都可以代替单数可数名词,但it指特定事物。
解题方法与技巧:答语中用one泛指第一个对话者询问的a little break。
答案:C
●锦囊妙计
不定代词的种类较多,用法各异,下面分别进行介绍。
1.one,some与any的用法
one可以泛指任何人,还可以在形容词和that、this等词后代替刚提过的可数名词,其复数形式为ones,可用作主语和宾语;one’s是它的物主代词形式,可用作宾语;oneself是它的反身代词形式,可用作宾语。some和any通常用作定语,都可用来修饰可数与不可数名词、单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”。some用于数词前,表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定句中。例如:
One should wash oneself regularly.
This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.
We have some food left.Have you any books?I don’t have any books.
注意:①some可用于表达邀请或请求、预期的答案是肯定的或鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复的问句。例如:
Could you let me have some coffee?(请求)
Would you like some bananas?(邀请)
②some和any可用作主语和宾语。例如:
Some are singing,others are dancing.(主语)
Does any of you know Mr Wang?(主语)
I don’t like any of the books。(宾语)
③some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单数看待。另外,some的合成代词一般用于肯定句,any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。例如:
Did anybody ask for you outside?
There is somebody waiting for you.
2.each,every的用法
①each强调个体,可以充当宾语、定语、主语和同位语,every强调整体,相当于汉语的“每个都”,在句中只作定语。例如:
The teacher had a talk with each of them.(宾语)
Each of us has two boxes.(主语)
We have two boxes each.(同位语)
Each boy has a bike.(定语)
Every one has strong and weak points.(定语)
② each所代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every所指的数必须是三个以上。例如:
Each of the two has won a prize.Every student in the class likes English.There is a line of trees on each side of the river.
3.none和no的用法:
①no=no any在句中作定语,修饰可数或不数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。none不能用来说明两个人或物。例如:
There is no water in the well(井).(定语)
None of them know the story.(主语)
I know none of them.(宾语)
②none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。例如:
None of the students are(is)afraid of difficulties。
③none不能回答who的问题,可回答how many或how much的问题,例如:
(误)—Who is in the classroom?—None.(改None为No one或Nobody)
(正)—How many students are there in the classroom?—None.
4.many和much的用法
many和much都表示“许多”, many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,都可用作主语、宾语和定语。例如:
Many of the students often go shopping.(主语)
I have much to do.(宾语)
There is not much water in the cup.(定语)
much有时用作状语,例如:
He likes playing football very much。(状语)
5.few,little;a few,a little的用法
①few和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而a few与a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few与a few修饰可数名词,而little与a little修饰不可数名词,它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。例如:
He knows a little English.(定语)
He has many books.But few are interesting.(主语)
I know a little about Japanese(宾语)
②a few,a little可以用quite或only修饰,few和 little则不能。例如:
—How much water is left?
—Only a little./Qutie a little.
—How many books are left?
—Only a few./Quite a few.
6.other和 another
other泛指“另外的”,作定语,常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用,但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one,or以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与单数名词连用。例如:all other rice,no other way,the other one,any other plant,every other day,some other reason等等。
others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物”(但不是全部)。例如:
Don’t lend the book to others.
Some are carrying water,others are watering the trees.
the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,作定语修饰复数名词时,表示另一方中的“全部其余的”。例如:
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”。例如:
I have got ten pencils.Two of them are red,the others are blue.another指三个或三个以上中的任何一个,“现一……”“另一个”,作代词或形容词。例如:
I don’t like this dictionary.Please give me another.
one… the other指两个人或物当中的“一个”和“另外一个”;叙述三个不同的人或事物时,需用one,another,the third。例如:
Here are two books. One is for Mary,the other is for Jack.
Three boys are here.One is Dick,another is Tom and the third is David.
7.all和both的用法:
两个词都表示整体,但both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物。在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。例如:
All of us should work hard.(主语)
We are all students.(同位语)
We both like to play football.(同位语)
We like both of the films.(宾语)
That’s all for today.(表语)
All knowledge comes from practice.(定语)
注意:①all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。
②both和all加否定词是部分否定。如果表示全部否定,要分别用 neither和 none,例如:
Both of us are not teachers.(部分否定)我们俩不都是老师。
Neither of us is a teacher.(全部否定)我们俩都不是老师。
All of the books are not English books.(部分否定)
None of the books are English books.(全部否定)这些都不是英语书。
8.neither和either的用法
neither表示两者都不;either表示两者中的任何一个。两个词都表示单数,在句子中作主语、宾语和定语。例如:
Neither of the answers is correct.(主语)
Either sentence is right.(定语)
I know neither of the teachers.(宾语)
Here are two dictionaries. You may take either.(宾语)[参考包天仁主编《高考英语语法》]
●歼灭难点训练
1.(★★★★★)—Do you have________at home now,Allen?
—No,we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.
A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
2.(★★★★)—What do you want me to say?
—________you like.
A.Anything B.Everything C.Something D.Nothing
3.(★★★★)—What shall we have for dinner tonight?
—Oh,I don’t care.________.It’s your job to come up with the menus,so get on with it.
A.Anything will do
B.I won’t have lessons tomorrow
C.I needn’t to talk about it with someone
D.What a nice meal
4.(★★★★)You can buy these maps at________railway station.They all have them.
A.all B.every C.each D.any
5.(★★★★★)I don’t like these.Have you________?
A.some B.any others C.anothers D.another ones
6.(★★★★★)I prefer a street in a small town to________in such a large city________Shanghai.
A.that;as B.one;as C.one;like D.that;like
7.(★★★★)She won the first prize,though________of us________it.
A.no one;expected B.none;had expected
C.nobody;was expecting D.none;would expect
8.(★★★★★)—Do you live________near Jim?
—No,he lives in another part of the town.
A.somewhere B.nowhere C.anywhere D.everywhere
9.(★★★★)—Could you drop in on me on Friday or Saturday?
—I’m afraid________day is possible.
A.either B.both C.neither D.any
10.(★★★★)—Which share is meant for me?
—You can take________half.They’re exactly the same.
A.this B.any C.each D.either
11.(★★★★)—Is ________finished?
—Not yet.My dirty clothes are still soaking in the washing machine.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
12.(★★★★)—Excuse me,but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office?
—________of the four roads will do.
A.Any B.Neither C.Both D.Every
13.(★★★★★)There is only an English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop.I wonder if you still want to buy________.
A.it B.one C.another D.any