课件20张PPT。1直 接 引 语
间 接 引 语2直接引语：直接引述别人的话，前要加引号.间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号.
在多数情况下构成宾语从句.例.John said, “I like reading story books.”
John said that he liked reading story books。间接引语直接引语直接引语变为间接引语 1.直接引语为陈述句
变为间接引语时, 连接词用that, 在口语中可省略. 引述动词用said, told等. 句型: S---V---that从句.
注意:可以说 said that从句, said to sb. that从句, told sb. that从句, 但不可说told that从句. 3 He said, “I’ve left my book in my room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in his room. He said to us, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
→ He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 若直接引语中没有间接宾语,变为间接引语时可加一
个间接宾语,如 me,him,her,theu,you,us 等.但用told间接引语主句的谓语动词时必修加间接宾语,句型: S told sb. 从句.加间接
宾语 me无间接宾语间接宾语 us代词指向4时态变化 直接引语
一般现在时
一般将来时
现在进行时
一般过去时
现在完成时
过去完成时 间接引语
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时现在将来变过去, 过去变过去完成, 过去完成不变.5人称变化一
随
主二 随 宾 三
不
变引号内的第一人称
变间引后与主句主
语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said,“ I like
Tennis.”She said that she
liked tennis.He said to Lily,
“ you must get
up early.”He told Lily that
she must get up
early.She said to me ,
“ They want to
help him.”She told me that
they wanted to
help him.使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.6 2. 直接引语为一般疑问句
变为间接引语时, 连接词用if或whether, 而引述选择疑问
句时只能用whether, 疑问语序变为陈述语序, 引述动词用
asked, 句型: S---V---if/ whether从句.
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
→ She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 1.She said to me, “I broke your CD player.”
→She told me that she had broken my CD player.
2.He said to her, “I broke your CD player.”
→He told her that he had broken her CD player. 二随宾一随主7 “Is this room yours or his?”
→ He asked me whether this room was mine or his. He said to me , “I am learning English now.”
→ He said to me that he was learning English then.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句
变为间接引语时,连接词用特殊疑问句的疑问词,疑问语序变为陈述语序. 句型: S--V—疑问词从句. The teacher said, “What are you doing now?”
→The teacher asked me what I was doing then.加间接宾语 me无间接宾语代词指向，二随宾间接宾语 me He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
→ He asked me whether I spoke English or French. 加间接
宾语 me无间接宾语不加间接宾语me也可8时间变化next=followingbefore= earlier9 He said, “I’ll give you an examination next Monday.”
→ He told us that he would give us an examination the next
Monday. 加间接宾语 us无间
接宾语 “Who is here?” he asked.
→ He asked who was there.地点状语变化 He asked, “Which school are you in?”
→ He asked me which school I was in.
He asked which school I was in.here → there加间接宾语 me无间接宾语二随宾二随宾不加间接宾语me也可10 “Why do you tell me the answer to this question?”
→ She asked why I told her the answer to that question.指示代词变化 this → that these → those注意
如果直接引语是“What’s thematter?” “What’s wrong?”
“What’s the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。 He said, “what’s the matter with you? ”
→ He asked me what’s the matter with me.11 He asked,“How are you gettingalong?”
→ He asked us how we were getting along.加间接宾语 us无间接宾语二随宾 He said, “We shall start tomorrow.”
→ He said they would start the next day. “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.
→ Jack asked me if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 过去完成时过去完成时加间接宾语 me无间接宾语 He asked, “ How far is it from here to your home?”
→ He asked how far it was from there to my home.三不变12 4.直接引语为祈使句
变为间接引语时,将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。据语气不同引述动词有tell, ask, order, beg, advise 等,句型：tell/ask/order /beg / advise sb.(not/never)to do sth.
“Make sure the door is shut,” she said to her little son.
→ She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
“Don’t cry any more,” he said to his little brother.
→ He asked his little brother not to cry any more. He said to the boy,“ Come here, young man! ”
→He asked the boy to go there.方向动词变化13 I said to him, “Let’s start at once.”
→ I suggested to him that we should start at once.
I suggested starting at once.直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语
时,通常用 “suggest doing sth./that we should do sth.”应该 “Don’t leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother.
→ Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight. come → go bring → take方向动词变化 He said , “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He ordered the boys not to make so much noise.145.直接引语为感叹句变为由 that/ what/ how 引导的宾语从句 He said, “How happy I am!”
→ He said that he was very happy.
He said how happy he was. He said, “What a fine day it is!”
→ He said what a fine day it was.
He exclaimed that it was a fine day.
He said, “How fine the day is!”
→ He said how fine the day was. 15 “You’ve already got well, haven’t you? ” she asked. → She asked whether I had already got well(康复). 6. 直接引语为反意疑问句
变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句。16直接引语变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变 1.直接引语主句动词为一般现在时,一般将来时或现
在完成时,变为间接引语,从句时态不变. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”
→ She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.主句从句: “ ” 部分 2.直接引语的“ ”部分有具体的过去时间状语:过去某年,某月,某日时,变为间接引语,时态不变. Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.省略that17 She said, “I went there when I was six years old.”
→ She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 3.直接引语的“ ”部分有以when,while,since引导的表示过去的时间的时间状语从句时, 时间状语从句的时态不变. 4.直接引语的“ ”部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话
时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.”
→ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 省略that18 She said to me, “You must hurry up.”
She said that I must hurry up. 5.直接引语的从句的谓语动词有情态动词 must, need, ought to,used to, had better, would rather, 情态动词的过去时(should, might…)等时 “I should try my best next time.” Jack thought.
→ Jack thought he should try his best the next time. 注: must → must / had to 6.直接引语的“ ”部分是谚语、格言时 19 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the
temperature falls below 0℃.”
→ The teacher told the students that water freezes when the
temperature falls below 0℃.7. 直接引语的从句为客观不变的真理 The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.”
→ The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.8.直接引语的从句为历史上事件20在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化
1.注意时态的变化；
2.注意人称变化；
3.注意指示代词的变化；
4.注意时间的变化；
5.注意地点的变化；
6.注意个别趋向动词的变化。高中语法：直接引语 & 间接引语
Ⅰ. 引导词的选择及语序
1. 陈述句：S + V + that + 陈述语序 (S + V)
“That is the trouble”, said Bill.
改为：Bill said _________ _________ _________ the trouble.
【注】：that 可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had finished his work and that he would like to have a holiday.
2. 一般疑问句：S + V + if / whether + 陈述语序 (S + V)
He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”
改为：He asked us _________ _________ _________ leaving that night.
3. 特殊疑问句：S + V + what / who / which / whose / when + 陈述语序 (S + V)
“Why did you lock the door?” father said to Anne.
改为：Father asked Anne _________ _________ _________ _________ the door.
4.祈使句：S + V + sb. to do / not to do
(1)表示“命令”：tell, order, command
(2)表示“请求”：ask, beg, request
(3)表示“建议”：advise, suggest
“Don’t make noise in the library.” the teacher said to the students.
改为：The teacher _________ the students_________ _________ _________ noise in the library.
Ⅱ. 时态的一致
主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去进行时
不变
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
不变
一般将来时
过去将来时
直接引语
间接引语
I work hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
I am working hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
I was working hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
I worked hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
I had worked hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
I am going to work hard.
He said that he _______________ hard.
直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：
The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
改为：The teacher _________ _________ _________ _________ noise in the library.
3. 直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变：
Wei Fang said, “I was born in 1994.”
改为：Wei Fang said _________ _________ _________ born in 1994.
直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：
He says, “I have been married for 3 years.”
改为：He said that _________ _________ _________ _________ for 3 years.
Ⅲ. 人称及状语的变化
人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”
（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）
试观察：
She said to him, “I am very hungry.”
改为：She told him that she was very hungry.
She said to him, “You are very nice.”
改为：She told him that he was very nice.
She said to him, “Lily is very nice.”
改为：She told him that Lily was very nice.
状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”
直接引语
间接引语
this
that
these
those
now
then
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
yesterday
the day before / the previous day
next year / week / month
the next year / week / month
last year / night / week
the year / night / week before
ago
before
here
there
come
go
“I put the key on this table yesterday.”
改为：____________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. Exercise
改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语）
“I am having supper,” he said.
改为：He said that _________ _________ having supper.
“I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
改为：Gina _________ me that _________ _________ _________ the film.
“I went home with my sister,” she said.
改为：She said that _________ _________ _________ home with her sister.
The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
改为：The teacher said that the sun _________ bigger than the moon.
“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
改为：He told me that he _________ _________ her _________ _________ _________.
“You must come here before five,” he said.
改为：He said that I _________ to go _________ before five.
“Were you born in 1979?” he said.
改为：He _________ me _________ I _________ born in 1979.
He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
改为：He _________ Jim that he _________ _________ _________.
He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
改为：He asked his mother _________ _________ _________ _________ it.
“Where have you been these days?” he asked.
改为：He asked me _________ _________ _________ been _________ days.
“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
改为：He asked _________ _________ knew where she _________.
“Keep quite, children.” he said.
改为：He _________ the children _________ _________ quite.
“Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
改为：She _________ me _________ _________ _________ out of the window.
“Are you interested in this?” he said.
改为：He _________ _________ I was interested in _________.
二． 句子翻译：
1. 汤姆说他2009年加入了这家驾驶俱乐部。
________________________________________________________________________
2. 他告诉我他把书落在房间里了。
________________________________________________________________________
凯特问我当天晚上是否陪她看电影。
________________________________________________________________________
我的小学英语老师常说熟能生巧。
________________________________________________________________________
妈妈问我是怎么修好我的单车的。
________________________________________________________________________
老师让学生们别浪费自己的时间。
________________________________________________________________________
她说她在等车的时候就读完那本书了。
________________________________________________________________________
警察问那个人前天晚上他在公园里都干了些什么。
________________________________________________________________________
他说他求职时已经告诉他们他的故事了。
________________________________________________________________________
将军命令所有士兵马上上前线。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅴ. Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. that that was
2. whether / if we were
3. why she had locked
4. told, not to make
Ⅱ. 2. that the earth goes
3. that she was
4. he has been married
Exercise:
1. he was
2. told she had seen
3. she had gone
4. is
5. had met; the day before
6. had; there;
7. asked; if / whether; was
8. told; could sit there
9. how she had found
10. where I had; those
11. if / whether I; lived
12. told; to keep
13. told; not to look
14. asked if / whether; that
二．1. Tom said that he joined the driving club in 2009.
2. He told me that he had left his book in his room.
3. Kate asked me if / whether I would go to the cinema with her that evening.
4. My English teacher in the primary school often said that practice makes perfect.
5. My mother asked me how I had repaired my bike.
6. The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
7. She said she had finished reading the book while she was waiting for the bus.
8. The policeman asked the man what he had done in the park the night before.
9. He said that he had told them all about his story when he asked for a job.
10. The general ordered all his soldiers to go to the front line at once.
