人教版（2019））第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元核心考点课件-（49张ppt)

(共49张PPT)
单元核心考点
新人教 必修第一册
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
[知识回顾]
refer vt. 参考; 指; 涉及; 谈及;提到;提及; 称…(为); 描述;
①refer to sb. 提及某人，指的是某人
②refer to sth. 参考，查阅，谈及
refer to a dictionary= look up a word in a dictionary查字典
③refer to...as 将......称为
Language focus
1.Circle the key word(s) in the questions below and write the kind of information they refer to. (教材P48)
句意：圈出下面问题的关键词并写下它们所指代的信息。
〖词汇拓展〗
refer 的现在分词:referring; 过去式:referred; 过去分词:referred
reference n. 参考，涉及，提到
made no reference to 没有提到
[巩固内化]　单句语法填空
①You know who I'm __________(refer) to.
② There is a list of ___________ (refer) at the end of each chapter.
③She always referred to Ben ________ “that nice man”.
referring
references
as
[衔接高考]　
①(2018.全国III)In fact, tradition also _________(refer) to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
②(2018.全国III)The prize is often ______________ the Nobel Prize in architecture. 该奖项通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。
[衔接写作] 补全句子
①She ________________ her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病，只说了她未来的计划。
②Her mother never _____________ him again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。
made no reference to
referred to
refers
referred to as
[知识回顾]
rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
rescue the injured 拯救伤者
the rescue worker 救援队
rescue sb from danger 从危险中救出某人
2. what are the rescue worrs and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area (教材P48)　
句意：洪灾地区的救援人员和士兵在做什么？
〖词汇拓展〗
rescuer 救援人员
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空　
① Every type of boat was pressed into service to rescue passengers _______ the sinking ferry.
② It took __________ (rescue) 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.
[衔接写作] 补全句子
③ ______________ are using thermal imaging to locate survivors of the earthquake.
救援队伍正利用热成像确定地震幸存者的位置。
④ Two children _________________ the burning car.
两名儿童从燃烧着的车中被救了出来。
Rescue teams
from
rescuers
were rescued from
rescue worker/rescuer
[衔接高考] (2018.北京)　
A __________________ risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一个救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山里两天的游客。
3. Which buildings were damaged in Seoul (教材P48)
[知识回顾]
n.[U]损坏;损失;破坏;[p.]损害赔偿金
do/ cause damage to 对…造成损害
vt.损害;破坏
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
句意：首尔的哪些建筑物受损了？
damage
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空　
①Several vehicles were ________(damage) in the crash.
②The earthquake caused damage ______ property estimated at $6 million.
damaged
to
[衔接高考]
①(2018. 北京)Attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ______________ our environment.
应该注意无人驾驶汽车如何对我们的环境造成损害。
②(2020.新高考I)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it _______(cause) had driven away a munber of birds.
cause damage to
caused
[知识回顾]
destroy one's confidence/ hope/ faith
摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰
4.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭;消灭;破坏(P49)
〖词汇拓展〗
destruction n.[U]摧毁;毁灭;破坏
destructive adj.造成破坏的;毁灭性的
destroyer n. 驱逐舰;破坏者;毁灭者
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①Three cruisers and three _________ (destroy) were heavily damaged or __________ (destroy).
②There is at last an apparent end to the ___________ (destroy) price war. But the end result would be a __________ (destroy) of your country and mine.
destroyers
destruction
destructive
destroyed
5. death n. 死；死亡; 死神 (教材P49)
[知识回顾]
accidental death 意外死亡
sudden death 猝死
〖词汇拓展〗
die v. 枯竭；消失；死
dead adj. 死亡的；无生命的
adv. 完全地；直接地；突然地
dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；动词die的现在分词形式
deadly adj.致命的 adv.极其;非常
[巩固内化] 用die的适当形式填空
①AIDS is a __________ disease.
②You can pass a rope around this __________ tree.
③The little girl cried when she saw her _________ cat.
④ Her ________ was a great shock to us all.
⑤Believe me, I'm _________ serious.
⑥She _________ ten years ago but her memory lives on.
deadly
dead
dying
death
deadly
died
6. affect vt.影响 (疾病)侵袭；深深打动 (教材P49)
affect与effect均可表示“影响”，其区别是:前者是动词(及物)，
主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，affect=have an effect on。
influence表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的
或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词。常见的搭配有：
have an influence on 表示“对......产生影响”。
[知识拓展] affect、effect和influence的区别
〖词汇拓展〗
effect n. 效果
have an effect on对…产生影响
effective adj. 有效的
effectively adv. 有效地
[衔接写作]　完成句子
The news ______________________ at all.
这条消息对她没有一点影响。
Manufacturing processes may ______________ the functionality of the product.
生产过程可能要受到产品设计目的的影响。
[巩固内化]　单句语法填空
①_________ (affect) a policy is to have an ________(affect) on it.
②Television is an _________ (affcet) means of communication.
To affect
be affected by
effect
effective
had no effect on her
[衔接高考] (2020.江苏)　
Athletes and sciences have long known that meal timing
_______ (affect) performance.
affects
7. Shelters set up by the government (教材P49)
句意：政府建立的避难所
[知识回顾]
shelter n. 避难所；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；遮蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
shelter
n.
v.
｝
take shelter from 躲避
shelter from 躲避=take shelter from
shelter…from 保护……不受
vt.
vi.
[衔接写作] 补全句子　
① I want to ________________ the poison rain.
我想要躲避天上飘落的毒雨。
②They ______________________ the police.
他们掩护他躲避警察。
[巩固内化]　单句语法填空
① The tree affords some shelter ________from the sun.
② A neighbor __________ (shelter) the boy for seven days.
③ Some ________ (shelter) were being prepared for possible air raids.
from
shelters
take shelter from
sheltered him from
sheltered
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
be/lie in ruins 变成废墟
go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落, 败落
be the ruin of 使……破产、身体垮掉、名誉扫地
8. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
(教材P50)
[知识回顾]
ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
句意：不到一分钟的时间，一座偌大的城市就成了废墟。
[巩固内化]　补全句子
①I _____ my cell phone on the desk just now, but now I can't find it.
我刚才把手机放在桌子上，但现在找不到了。
②I don't know why he ______ about his age.
我不知道他为什么谎报自己的年龄。
③He _______ on the sofa quietly.
他静静地躺在沙发上。
laid
[知识拓展]
【区别】lie①—lay—lain—lying 处于，位于，躺
lie②—lied—lied—lying 撒谎
lay—laid—laid—laying 放置，下蛋
lied
lies
ruin/ destroy/damage
1. ruin 可作名词和动词，指非暴力的破坏，尤指对美
好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
例：The fire ruined the house.
2. destroy 只能用作动词, 指破坏、毁灭不可能修复,
也可以指希望、计划等打破。
例：The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 　
3. damage 可作名词和动词，指部分损坏、损害、破
坏或指使用价值有所降低。
例：The accident did a lot of damage to his car.
[知识拓展]
[巩固内化]　用ruin/ destroy/damage的正确形式填空。
①Everywhere they looked nearly everything was _________.
②Soft wood ________ easily.
③He ______ his girl friend’s prospects.
④The bridge was _______ by the flood.
⑤An earthquake left the whole town in _______.
damages
ruined
damaged
destroyed
ruins
[知识回顾]
9. People were in shock—and then, later that after-
noon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. (教材P50)
句意：人们震惊了--然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震袭击唐山。
shock v./ n.震惊;吃惊
(sb. be) in shock 震惊;吃惊
〖词汇拓展〗
shocked adj.吃惊的;震惊的（修饰人）
sb. be shocked (at ) (对……)感到震惊
sb. be shocked to do 做某事很震惊
shocking adj.令人气愤的;令人震惊的（修饰事物）
[巩固内化]　单句语法填空：
①We were shocked __________ (learn) of his passing away.
②They sat there _________ shock and disbelief .
③We were __________ (shock) at the __________(shock) news that he died yesterday.
[衔接高考] (2020.全国II)
And I went home, and over that weekend I wrote the story Clif ford the Big Red Dog, and ___________ (shock) when it was accepted for publication, because I’d never written anything before.
to learn
in
shocked
shocking
was shocked
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸
breathe (sth.) in 吸入（气体）
breathe out 呼气
[知识回顾]
10. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.　(教材P50)
句意：慢慢地，城市又开始呼吸了。
〖词汇拓展〗
breath n.呼吸
breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的; 屏息的
take a deep breath 深呼吸
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
be out of breath 喘不过气来=breathless
[巩固内化] 用breathe的适当形式填空：
1 Only in the countryside can we have a ________ of fresh air.
2 I was a little __________ and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.
3. In an attack of asthma, she __________ hard.
4. “Take the money and run on,” my mother said _____________.
breath
breathless
[衔接写作]　补全句子
①He has run himself ________________他跑得上气不接下气。
②She ________________ and sat up slowly with great effort.
她深吸一口气,慢慢地、努力地坐了起来。
breathed
out of breath/breathlessly
took a deep breath
breathlessly
11. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. (教材P50)
[知识回顾]
effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
make efforts/ an/every effort to do sth
= spare no effort to do sth.
=try one's best to do sth.
不遗余力做某事;竭尽全力做某
make no effort to do sth. 毫不费力做某事
with/without effort 努力地，艰难地/容易地，不费力地
句意：在政府的强力支持和城市人民的不懈努力下,新的唐山在一片地址废墟中崛起。
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空：
①He made no effort _________ (hide) his disappointment.
②She took a deep breath and sat up slowly and ______ great effort.
③Is this all the payment I get for my ________
to hide
with
efforts
[衔接写作]　一句多译
地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。
①The local clubs_____________________________ more young people.
②The local clubs_____________________________ more young people.
③The local clubs_____________________________ more young people.
are making every/an effort to attract
are sparing no effort to attract
are trying/doing their best to attract
[衔接高考](2020.全国I)　
While Queensland Rail _________ (make) every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled , there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
makes
12. What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need (教材P51)
[知识回顾]
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffer pains/ losses 经受痛苦/蒙受损失
suffer a defeat 遭受失败
suffer from 遭受（疾病、痛苦）
句意：你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？
[知识点拨]
suffer既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,常接表示不吉利的名词(如loss, pain, defeat, punishment, hardship等)作宾语。suffer用作不及物动词时,常与介词from, for, by等连用,表示“因…而受罚〔苦、损〕”。
〖词汇拓展〗
suffering n. 痛苦
sufferer n. 受害者
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空：
①Many people suffer ________ mental illness at some point in their lives.
②This war has caused widespread human _________(suffer).
③She received many letters of support from fellow _______ (suffer).
from
suffering
sufferers
[衔接高考]　(2018.浙江)
If a neighbour _________ (suffer) an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping.
suffers
13. The supplies which were provides to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(教材P52)
句意：向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
[知识回顾]
supply n.[C]供应(量);(pl)补给品,[U]供应;供给
water /food supply 水/食物供应
be in short supply 短缺
supply sb. with sth
= supply sth. to sb. 提供某物给某人
〖词汇拓展〗
supplier n. 供应商
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空　
①It is good practice to supply a written report _______the buyer.
②We are very much aware of the lack of food _________ (supply).
③Books were _________ short supply.
④The equipment can be purchased from your local ______(supply).
[衔接写作] 一句多译
一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。
① Some foreign governments _________ the rebels _______ arms.
② Some foreign governments _________ arms _______the rebels.
to
supplies
in
supplied with
supplier
supplied to
[知识拓展]
supply, provide, offer都有“提供”的意思，作动词用时，supply一般指的是定期供应，重点在替代或是补充所需物品; provide指的是有远见，为应付意外状况或是紧急情况，而供给或是提供; supply和 provide有时可互换，offer则重点在于愿意给予，主动 “提供”。它们的主要区别在于搭配上。
supply sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人
supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
提供
supply
provide
offer
｝
｝
｝
provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人
provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
offer sb. sth. 提供某物给某人
offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
[巩固内化] 用supply, provide, offer的适当形式填空　
①Mom ________ us some cakes.
②The restaurants _________ delicious meals for people.
③Cows ________ us with milk.
④If a neighbor suffers an illness, _______ to do the grocery shopping .
offered
provides
supply
offer
14. She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. (教材P52)
survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
survive ______ 依靠……生存下来
survive ______ 从……存活下来；流传下来
A survive B by... A比B活得久......
[知识回顾]
on
from
〖词汇拓展〗
survivor n.幸存者;生还者
survival n.[U]幸存[C]残余物;幸存物
句意：她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。
[巩固内化] 单句语法填空　
①Of the six people injured in the crash, only two _______(survive).
②She survived her husband _______ ten years.
③Some strange customs have survived ________ earlier times.
④She was the only ________ that was rescued from the accident.
⑤He was told that he had a one in 500 chance of __________.
survived
by
survival
from
surviver
[衔接写作] 一句多译
没有水，没有人能生存下来。
① Nobody can _________________ water.
② Everyone should _________________ water.
survive without
survive on
15. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. (教材P54)
strike n./v. (struck, struck/stricken)
[知识回顾]
句意：周日上午7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。
strike
1. n./v.突然发生(某种不幸);(灾难、疾病等)侵袭
be struck by 被……侵袭/打动
2. (使)突然想起:(使)突然想到
It strikes sb. that....= It occurs to sb. that..某人突然想起
3.v.(摩擦)打(火花);划;击出火星)
strike a match 划火柴
4.(时钟)敲,鸣,响
5. n./v. 罢工
be on strike 在罢工
[巩固内化]　用strike的适当形式填空，并翻译句子中strike的意思
①__________ while the iron is hot. _______
②The child ran into the road and was ________ by a car. _________
③It ________ me that I forgot to take my keys. _________
④The country was split down the middle over the _______. _______
⑤The clock ________ nine. _______
⑥He fell, ________ his head on the edge of the table._______
Strike
struck
struck
strike
striking
击打
撞击
(使)突然想起
struck
罢工
(时钟)敲
碰撞
伴随状语：指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
[仿写]①这条狗跟着主人进了屋。
The dog entered the room, ____________ his master.
②主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。
The master entered the room, ___________ by his dog.
伴随状语使用的分词有V-ing(跟主语构成主动关系)和V-ed (跟主语构成被动关系)两种形式。
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water.
1
伴随状语
Difficult sentences
following
followed
〖句型剖析〗
too+adj./adv.+to do表示“太……而不能……”,该句式表示否定意义。
但在以下几种情况，too…to…结构可以表示肯定意义：
①当与not/never连用，构成not/never too...to...或too...not to...结构时。
②"too...to"结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready,apt,eager,satisfied,inclined, kind,willing,easy,anxious等加动词不定式，表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情等，其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词。
③"too...to"结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作"非常……"、"十分……"、"实在……"、"真是太……"等。
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
2
[仿写]　①他太害羞，不敢做演讲。
He is too shy ___________________.
②活到老学到老。
It’s never_________________________________.
③她非常想买这条裙子。
She was ______________________ this dress.
to give a speech
too old to learn
too anxious to buy
[衔接高考]　(2020.天津第一次)
Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane ______ heavy to get offf the ground.
too
句意：世界似乎到了末日!
as if /as though 表示 “看起来似乎……”,在表语从句中相当于that
= It seemed that the world were coming to an end!
as if/as though的语气
陈述语气 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或者极有可能发生或存在的事时
虚拟语气 当说话人认为句子所陈述的是不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
3
主句
as if引导表语从句
as if 引导的从句使用虚拟语气时，动词时态的形式如下：
[仿写]　①我们的婚礼我记忆犹新，就像昨天一样。
I can remember our wedding as if _________________.
②我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。I felt as if my heart_____________ .
③从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。 He talks as if he_________ .
it were yesterday
①用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。从句应该用一般过去时（be动词要用were）。
②用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。其中，从句的结构是主语+had+动词的过去分词。
③用于表示与将来事实相反。从句的结构为主语+would/could/might /should+动词原形。
had stopped
is drunk
[衔接高考]　(2020.全国II)
I aways read, using different voices, as though I _________ (be) acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
were
〖语法剖析〗
此句中one third of 为“三分之一”, 此句涉及分数的表达。在英语中，表示分数时，基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母; 分子为1时，既可以用 one，也可用a; 如果分子大于1，分母则要用复数形式。
[知识拓展]
“分数/百分数+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词/代词决定。
Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it!
【句意】全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感。
3
[仿写]　 ①大约三分之二的学生都将参加会议。
About _______________ the students _________ going to attend the meeting.
② 这个地区百分之八十都植树了。
___________________the area ___________ with trees.
③我们学校百分之八十的学生来自农村。
__________________the students in our school _______ from the country.
two thirds of
are
80％ of / 80 percent of
is covered
80％ of/ 80 percent of
are /come
〖语法剖析〗
sb. was/were doing ... when ...意为“某人正在做……这时突然……”此句型表示当一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在发生,when表示“这时，突然”，是并列连词，且可以跟suddenly连用以加强语气，此时不能替换成while, when前面用过去进行时态，后面用一般过去时。
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
【句意】我当时正在和三个孩子吃早餐,这时海水开始涌入我家。
3
[仿写]我正在家里做功课，突然家里着火了。
I ___________________ at home when the fire __________.
was doing my homework
broke out
[知识拓展]
sb. was/were about to do sth. when+一般过去时
正准备做某事, 这时......
sb. had (just) done sth. when+一般过去时
刚做完某事, 这时......
[仿写]　①我刚要跟他打电话，这时，他打来电话了。
I _________________ phone him ____________ he phoned me.
②我刚做完试卷，这时铃声就响了。
I _______________________________________ the bell rang.
③我正在想这件事，突然听到有人叫我名字。
I_________________________________ I heard my name called .
was about to when
had just finished my exam paper when
was thinking about the matter when
Thank you!