(共40张PPT)
必修一 Unit 4
一
轮
复
习
n.洪水；大量
v. 淹没；大量涌入
flood
vt.营救;援救;抢救
n.救援;营救;获救
rescue
总结归纳
①______worker 救援人员
②_______one’s rescue 援救某人
③rescue. . . _____. . . 把……从……解救出来
rescue
come to
from
vt. 损害；破坏
n. 损坏；损失
damage
vt. 疏散；撤出
vi. 撤离
evacuate
vt. 影响;
(疾病)侵袭;
深深打动
affect
归纳总结
①be affected ___ 受……的影响
②affect sb. /sth. 影响某人或某物
③effect n. 影响
have an _____on 对……有影响
by
effect
归纳拓展
①with the. . . ______of. . . 在……的……努力下
②make _________/an effort/every effort 努力
③spare ___effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
④_______effort 毫不费力地
efforts
efforts
no
without
延伸拓展
“努力做某事”的其他表达:
①__________________
②________________________
③fight/struggle/attempt to do sth.
work hard to do sth.
do/try one’s best to do sth.
n.避难所;居所
v.保护；掩蔽
shelter
归纳总结
①__a shelter 在避难所
②______the shelter of 在……的庇护下
③shelter _____ 躲避
④shelter sb. _____ 庇护某人免受
at
under
from
from
n. 裂纹；裂缝
v. （使）破裂
crack
似乎；好像；仿佛
as if
归纳总结
as if引导表语从句时, 如果从句所描述的情况与现在事
实不符, 则用一般_____时态; 若与过去的事实不符, 则
用过去_____时态; 若与将来的事实不符, 则用“_____
__________”或“would do”结构。
过去
完成
were
doing to do
单句语法填空
①He described the characters in the novel as if he ____
____(meet) them face to face.
②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ___________
_________(好像发生在昨天).
③It seemed as if they ______________________(决不会
有) the chance of working again.
had
met
it happened
yesterday
were never going to have
n.&vt.破坏;
毁灭;
毁坏;
ruin
n.震惊;休克;惊愕
v.使震惊;使惊愕
shock
vt. 使落入险境
n. 险境; 陷阱
trap
归纳总结
①___a trap 设下圈套
②be trapped __ 被困在……中; 陷入
③trap sb. ____doing sth. 诱使某人做某事
set
in
into
trap一词多义
n.夹子
v.诱骗
n.陷阱
vt. 埋葬; 安葬
bury
v.呼吸
breathe
归纳总结
①breathe __ 吸气
②breathe ___ 呼气
③____________ 上气不接下气
in
out
out of breath
单句填空/补全句子
①The higher they went, the more difficult it was __
_______(breathe).
②The weak girl _______________(气喘吁吁) only after
five minutes’ walk.
③It’s good _____________(吸入) fresh country air
instead of city smoke.
to
breathe
was out of breath
to breathe (in)
v.复活，苏醒
revive
n. 振兴；复苏
revival
vt. 遭受; 蒙受
vi. 受苦
suffer
n. 供应；补给
vt. 供应；供给
supply
v.生存，幸存
survive
n.幸存者，生还者
survivor
n. 电力供应;
能量; 力量;
控制力
power
v. 轻敲；轻拍
tap
n. 水龙头；轻叩
v. 吹口哨
whistle
n. 哨子（声）
adj. 镇静的
calm
vt. 使平静
归纳拓展
①_________calm 保持镇静
②calm _____ 冷静下来
③_____________ 使某人平静下来
keep/stay
down
calm sb. down
n. 援助; 帮助
aid
v. 帮助; 援助
归纳拓展
①come __one’s aid 帮助某人
②____the aid of 在……的帮助下=with the help of
③aid sb. ____ 用……资助/援助某人
④aid sb. __ 在……援助某人
⑤aid sb. _____sth. 帮助某人做某事
to
with
with
in
to do
n. 撞车；碰撞
crash
v. 碰撞；撞击
n. 海浪；波浪
wave
v. 挥手；招手
n. 罢工；袭击
strike
v. 侵袭；击打
n.影响；结果
effect(共22张PPT)
必修一 Unit 4
一
轮
复
习
非谓语动词的形式
不定式
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing（表示主动和完成进行）
非谓语动词的形式
不定式
1. The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
2. The car to be bought is for his sister.
3. She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
4. The thief is said to have escaped.
5. The thief is said to have been arrested.
6. She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
非谓语动词的形式
动名词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
非谓语动词的形式
动名词
1. Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
2. Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
3. I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
4. Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
非谓语动词的形式
现在分词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
非谓语动词的形式
1. He sat there，reading a newspaper.
2. The area being studied may be rich in coal.
3. Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.
4. Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.
现在分词
非谓语动词的形式
过去分词
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
非谓语动词的作用
不定式
1. To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
2. It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）
3. Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）
4. His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）
5. I have nothing to say.（作定语）
6. The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）
7. They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）
非谓语动词的作用
动名词
1. Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）
2. I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
3. I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
4. His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
非谓语动词的作用
现在分词
1. The story is interesting.
2. He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）
3. The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）
4. He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.
（作宾补）
非谓语动词的作用
过去分词
1. He is interested in the news.（作表语）
2. polluted river（做定语）
3. Given more time,I can do my work better.
（做状语）
4. I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词
五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）
两听（hear、listen to）
三使（make、let、have）
一感觉（feel）
“吾看两厅三室一感觉”
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
须用省去to 的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
I see him making a phone call.
We often see him surrounded by much work.
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同的8个动词
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义不同的8个动词
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
非谓语动词重、疑、难点
所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语
to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done
非谓语动词的解题步骤
判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义
①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
非谓语动词的解题步骤
判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系
和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（to be doing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。(共18张PPT)
必修一 Unit 4
一
轮
复
习
01
话题词汇
表达人物的喜悦：
02
高级表达
用表高兴的表达补全下面各个句子：
1. 一种成就感和幸福感 涌上心头（用名词）A sense of achievement and_________welled up in his soul.2. 孩子们开始高兴地准备爆米花。(用副词）The children got down to preparing popcorn_______________:3.坐在客房里，我发现有心爱的人陪伴真的很幸福。(find it adj. to do sth.)Sitting in the guestroom, I _____________________________be accompanied by our beloved ones.4.令她非常高兴的是，她被发现了，直升机很快降落了。________________, she was spotted and the helicopter soon landed. (介词结构）4.收到了来自Tim的礼物后，Dana心里乐开了花。Having received the present from Tim, Dana _______________.(adj.)Having received the present from Tim, Dana _______________.(用固定结构）Having received the present from Tim, Dana____________________.（具体的动作）
happiness
happily\cheerfully\joyfully\merrily
found it really blissful to
To her great joy
was overjoyed/happy/delighted
was wild with joy
jumped to joy/let out a scream
02
高级表达
用表高兴的表达补全下面各个句子：
5.简从未如此欣喜若狂，紧紧地拥抱过汤姆。（so...that结构）
Elli was ______________________ she hugged me tightly.
转换成倒装句： __________________________ she hugged me tightly.
6.当他母亲亲吻他的面颊时，婴儿高兴极了。（用虚拟语气）
When his mother kissed him on the cheek, it seemed as if the baby________ on the top of the world.
7.听到这些，卡莉咧着嘴笑了，一股幸福感涌上心头。（用独立主格)
Hearing that, Karie grinned from ear to ear, ______________________.
8.听到这句话，阿拉姆高兴地跳了起来，他的眼睛像闪亮的星星一样闪闪发光。（with+n.+doing结构）
Hearing this, Aram jumped up in happiness, ____________like shining stars.
so ecstatic that
So ecstatic was Elli that
were
a wave of happiness flooding over her
with his eyes sparkling
02
高级表达
用表高兴的表达补全下面各个句子：
9.低头看着我刚刚完成的围巾，他乐不可支,他的脸照亮了整个房间，黑色的眼睛像钻石一般闪烁。（用独立主格)
Looking down at the scarf I had just finished , he was overjoyed, ______________________________________________________
现在分词作状语，独立主格; 描写他的脸；比喻手法描写他的眼睛
10.他高兴得脸上不知不觉地露出了笑容（so.. that 倒装句）
______________________a smile unconsciously spread over his face.
11.我微笑着挥手，祝他们一路平安。（巧用with）
Waving back _____________________, I wished them a safe trip.
his face lighting up the whole room and dark eyes twinkling like diamonds.
So delighted he was that
with a smile
01
话题词汇
01
高级句型
After that, Jeff stammered out their plan, his face flushing.
在那之后，杰夫脸涨得通红，结结巴巴地说出了他们的计划。
独立主格结构
脸涨得通红
结结巴巴地说出
his face flushing
stammered out
02
话题词汇
02
高级句型
At this, Jenna and Jeff almost jumped to their feet, joy in eyes.
听到这里，Jenna和Jeff几乎跳了起来，眼里充满了喜悦。
独立主格结构
跳了起来
眼里充满了喜悦
jumped to their feet
joy in eyes
03
话题词汇
03
高级句型
Under his careful guidance, it didn’t take long before the French toast and chicken porridge were ready.
在他的细心指导下，法式吐司和鸡肉粥很快就做好了。
固定结构
在他的细心指导下
很快就做好了
Under his careful guidance
it didn’t take long before
04
话题词汇
04
高级句型
Everything settled, Father left the kitchen, promising to keep their secret.
一切尘埃落定，父亲离开厨房，答应为他们保守秘密。
非谓语结构
一切尘埃落定
保守秘密
Everything settled
keep their secret
05
话题词汇
05
高级句型
Meeting their smiling eyes, Mother felt confused until they presented the breakfast and said “Happy Mother’s Day”.
面对他们微笑的眼睛，母亲感到困惑，直到他们端上早餐，并说:“母亲节快乐！”
非谓语结构
面对他们微笑的眼睛
端上早餐
Meeting their smiling eyes
presented the breakfast
06
话题词汇
06
高级句型
Mother gave them a tight hug, her face lit up with happiness.
妈妈紧紧地拥抱了他们，脸上露出了幸福的笑容。
独立主格结构
紧紧地拥抱了他们
脸上露出了幸福的笑容
gave them a tight hug
her face lit up with happiness
07
话题词汇
07
高级句型
Father said in response to her excitement, winking at Jenna and Jeff.
父亲说到作为对她兴奋的反应，并向Jenna和Jeff眨眼。
非谓语结构
作为对她兴奋的反应
向Jenna和Jeff眨眼
in response to her excitement
winking at Jenna and Jeff
08
话题词汇
08
高级句型
They couldn’t help giggling. It was a secret only shared between them.
他们忍不住咯咯笑了起来。这是他们之间共享的秘密。
非谓语结构
忍不住咯咯笑了起来
共享的秘密
couldn’t help giggling
shared between them(共26张PPT)
必修一 Unit 4
一
轮
复
习
长难句理解
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
定语从句
井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。
长难句理解
At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it.
现在分词做后置定语
至少有一口水井的裂缝冒出臭气。
现在分词短语作后置定语
被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如：
The girl standing there is my sister.
The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other.
注意：分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。
The girl who is standing there is my sister
The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other.
一、表主动且进行
现在分词短语作后置定语
（一）表示心理或情感的动词
表示心理的动词有：
Think , know, understand, forget, remember, believe,want,wish, desire,hope, need, mean,please,need, prefer, mind, agree, care等。
表示情感的动词有：
love(爱)，adore(崇敬)，like(喜欢)，prefer(宁愿)，mind(介意)，object(反对)，dislike(不喜欢)，hate(恨)，abhor(憎恶)，detest(痛恨)等。
二、仅表主动
现在分词短语作后置定语
（二）表示事物状态(存在、似乎是、适合、依赖、值得、拥有等）
表示事物存在、适合，依赖或值得的动词，
如be, seem, appear, suit, fit, lie in, belong to, depend, deserve
表示事物拥有的动词，
如have(具有)，possess(所有)，own(拥有)，hold(包含；装有)，contain(容纳；含有), consist of, include, lack, measure (= have length etc.) weigh (= have weight)。
二、仅表主动
现在分词短语作后置定语
（三）表示短暂性动作的词
常见的短暂性动词有：accept, arrive, finish, decide, end, fall, give, receive, refuse, hurt。它们的发生与结束几近同时，所以不适合用“现在进行时”。
误：When he came in, I was receiving his letter.
正：When he came in, I just received his letter.
二、仅表主动
现在分词短语作后置定语
（四）感官动词
人通常有五种感官，即see(视觉)，hear(听觉)，smell(嗅觉)，taste(味觉), feel(触觉)这些表示感官、感觉的动词，以及其近义词如notice, observe等不用于进行时态。
误：The medicine is tasting bitter.
正：The medicine tastes bitter.
误：I was seeing a car passing by our house.
正：I saw a car passing by our house.
二、仅表主动
长难句理解
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.
现在分词做伴随状语
老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所，鱼儿也跳出水面。
and 连接并列句
现在分词作伴随状语
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。
分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
英语中“动词+ing”形式作伴随状语时，它表示的是一个次要的动作，来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。
一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。
理解技巧：
现在分词作伴随状语
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.
Don't you sit there doing nothing.
长难句理解
At about 3：00 a.m., on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.
无灵主语
1976年7月28日凌晨3: 00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传来巨大的声响。
and 连接并列句
无灵主语
（一）概念
无灵主语（inanimate subject），又叫做物称主语，指的是使用没有生命的事物充当句子的主语成分，例如物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等，这与中文表达中习惯“以人为本”的特点，即常常会把人这个行为主体作为句子主语的情况大相径庭，体现了英语语言所强调的客体思维。
无灵主语
二、无灵主语的种类
（一）主语是情感状态的抽象名词
谓语选择如：creep, strike, seize, dawn, catch, worm into, grip, enter, register, overcome, take possession of, surround, give way to, desert, pass, tear 等词。
1. Fear gripped the village. 整个村庄笼罩在恐怖之中。
2. Courage deserted him. 他没有了勇气。
3. His presence of mind deserted him. 他失去了沉着。
4. The earthquake struck the village two minutes ago.
无灵主语
二、无灵主语的种类
（二）主语是具有动词意味的名词，
谓语选择如 fill, give, make 等词汇。
1. The sight of the desolation filled me with forlornness.
看到这孤寂的景象，我心中满是凄凉。
2. The sight of his father-in-law made Fanjin afraid that he was in for another cursing. 见丈人在眼前，恐怕又要挨骂。
3. Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.
只有想到母亲，他才有力量继续工作。
无灵主语
二、无灵主语的种类
（三）谓语动词如：slip, lend, elude, escape, stump 等词汇
1. His name escaped/ evaded/ failed me at the moment.
当时我没有记起他的名字。
2. The question eludes/stumps me. 这个问题把我难住了。
3. The mistake slips my attention. 我没有注意到这一错误。
4. His hint escaped me. 我没有注意到他的暗示。
5. The sentence eludes me. 我理解不了这个句子。
无灵主语
二、无灵主语的种类
（四）谓语动词如：deny, ask, admit, allow, fail, pass 等词
1. The scenery baffles/denies description. 风景美得难以描述。
2. Such a chance denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。
3. The matter asks immediate attention. 这件事需要立即处理。
4. The exigencies of the matter admitted no alternative. 此事紧急，别无他法。
5. Reproach spared him not, even in his grave.
即便是在他死后，人们也一直在谴责他。
6. Time fails me to finish the topic.
长难句理解
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
暗喻的修辞手法
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if
1、在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句
eg: He looks as if he were ten years younger. （虚拟语气）
It seems as if our team is going to win.（陈述语气）
2、引导方式状语从句
eg: She loves the boy as if she were his mother. （虚拟语气）
The child talked to us as if he were a grow-up. （虚拟语气）
（注意：虚拟语气中只有were，不用was。）
一、as if 在从句中的作用
as if
如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，且从句的主语与主句的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。
eg: He acts as if (he was) an old hand. 他做事像个老手。
Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.
Tom举起手好像要说什么。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) sad.
她匆忙离开房间好像难过的样子。
二、as if 用于省略句中
as if
1、as if 从句用于陈述语气
当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。
eg: It looks as if we'll be late.
This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.
It sounds as if it is raining.
He talks as if he is drunk.
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
as if
2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气
当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式。
eg: You look as if you didn’t like this villa.
你看起来好像不喜欢这个别墅似的。
He talks as if he knew everything around the world.
他说话的样子，好像他什么都知道似的。
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
as if
2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气
当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
（2）如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。
eg: He talks about France as if he had been there before.
The girl listened to me as if she had been turned to stone.
那个女孩倾听着，一动也不动，好像已经变成了石头似的。
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
as if
2、as if 从句用于虚拟语气
当说话人认为句子所述的不真实或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
（3）如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
eg: He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as ifit might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
三、as if 从句的语气及时态
