Module 4 Planes , ships and trains 学案全程导学

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名称 Module 4 Planes , ships and trains 学案全程导学
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更新时间 2013-09-27 08:50:55

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(绝对精品)最新外研版八年级上精品导学案
Module 4 Planes , ships and trains 学案全程导学

掌握road, accident , except ,except for , far from , worst, crowded , journey, outside, choice, however , cost . 等重点单词和短语,掌握和理解形容词和副词最高级的变化规则和基本用法。
能听懂读懂谈论有关交通出行的话题方面的文章,并能生动地描述自己喜欢的交通方式。
培养学生热爱旅行、热爱生活的态度和精神,在小组活动中,提高学生与他人合作、相互帮助的团队意识和能力。

Unit 1 He lives the farthest from school.

不看不讲
Ⅰ.争当小翻译:21世纪教育网版
be late for school _________________ 2. 发生了什么事 _________________
3. a road accident _________________ 4.除了我外,没有人来晚迟到______________
5. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. ______________ 6.最舒服的办法 ___________
7. That is a good choice_________________ 8. 住的离学校最远 _________________
9. the closest to school _________________ 10. 记住时刻要小心 _________________
11. be crowded with _________________ 12. 版和……相同 _________________
Ⅱ. 自主探究:带着下面这些问题阅读教材对话部分。21世纪教育网
交通方式短语大集结:先回顾我们学过哪些交通方式表达方式,然后自查资料或网上搜寻所有有关交通方式的短语。当表示乘某类交通方式时,by和交通工具名词之间能加定冠词the吗?
It ' s also the most expensive.的汉语意思是什么?the most expensive 是expensive 的什么形式?符合什么条件的形容词才这样变?自学教材附录语法部分,并查找学习资料或网络,了解单音节和多音节形容词最高级的用法。在基本认识单音节和多音节形容词最高级的基础上,你能找出本课对话中所有含有这种类型的最高级的句子吗?21世纪教育21世纪教育网版
3.试读教材中Activity3的对话不会读的单词在下面打“△”。试着把整个对话翻译成汉语,不会翻译不理解的在句子下打“?”21世纪教育网版
III. 写出下列词的最高级形式:
1. long _________ 2. far _________ 3. close _________ 4. dangerous _________
5. expensive_________ 6. comfortable _________ 7. good _________ 8.big_________
Ⅳ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空:
1.His home is the _________ ( close ) to school . So he walks to school .
2. Lucy is _________ ( popular ) of all the girls .
3. Who lives _________ ( far ) from school in your class ?
4. What about _________ ( take ) a train to Paris ?
5. Some people don ' t want to live in the city . They say it is too _________ ( crowd )
Ⅳ。根据汉语补全下列英语句子:
1.汤姆的家离学校最近。
Tom' s home is _______ _______ _______ the school.
2. 你爸爸总是乘出租车去上班吗 ?
_______ your father always go to work _______ ?
3. 这是到学校最快的方式。
It is ________ _________ _______ to get to school.
4. 大明的行程最危险。
Daming has __________ _______ _______ journey .
5. 那是学习英语的最佳途径了。
That is the ________ _________ _______ to _______ English .
【预习质疑】21世纪教育网版
预习中不能解决的问题:
希望老师讲解的内容:
不议不讲
一起来探究,你能掌握这些知识要点吗? 书中探宝
1.What happened ? 发生了什么事? 21世
【探究问题】:
①happen表示发生与take place 用法有什么区别?happen除了表示“发生”意思外,还有别的什么意思?
②表示某人发生了什么事?与happen相关的句型怎么表达?同义句有哪些?
【指点迷津】
① happen 常用来表示“偶然碰巧发生”,并且多指发生不好的事情,不能用于被动语态。
take place 表示发生时比较正式,不带有偶然意思。常用来指事先安排或计划发生的事情。不可用于被动语态。如:
Something terrible happened . 可怕的事情发生了。
Another accident happened on the highway this morning . 今天早晨又有一场交通事故发生在高速公路上。
The next meeting will take place on Thursday .下次会议将在星期四举行。
happen 除了表示“偶然意外发生”外,还有“碰巧”的意思 。如: I happened to meet one of my friends on my way to school this morning .
② happen to do sth : 碰巧做某事
She happened to be out when I called .我打电话时她碰巧不在家。
I happened to meet him in the street yesterday . 我昨天碰巧在街上遇到他。
③ It happens / happened that : 碰巧……
It happened that she was out when I called . 我打电话时她碰巧不在家。
④ Sth happens to sb / sth :某人某物发生某事。
I hope nothing happened to them . 我希望他们没出事。
What happened to you ? 你发生了什么事?

( 1 )【山东枣庄】 He didn' t know what was _________ ( 发生 ) outside .
[ 解析 ] happening. 题意:他不知道外面发生了什么事 ?Happen 无被动,前面有was,所以要用过去进行时。
( 2 )【贵州铜仁 】Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years .
A . have happened B. have taken place . C . have been happened D. have been taken place.
[ 解析 ] 选 B . 根据题意:在过去的五年里, 铜仁发生了巨大的变化。take place 指事先安排或计划的事情。无被动。happen 是偶然碰巧发生。所以选B.
2. There was a road accident ,and the traffic was very heavy . 发生了一起道路交通事故,交通很拥堵。
【探究问题】①accident 与 heavy的 用法。
② 表示雨大能用big 吗 ?
【指点迷津】 21世纪教育网版
① accident : 名词“交通事故,意外事件 ”。短语 :have an accident :出事故;
by accident :偶然地 。
如 :The traffic accident happened at 3 pm . 这起交通事故发生在下午三点。
I met Meimei in the street by accident yesterday .我昨天在街上偶然遇见了梅梅。
② heavy: 形容词,基本意思是“物体重的,沉的”,反义词是light。引申意思是“很多的,大量的,严重的 ”,指在数量、程度等方面超出一般情况,比一般严重的。heavy 的副词形式是 heavily 。
如:Heavy rain caused floods in many areas . 大雨在很多地方引发了洪水灾害。
Heavy drinking is bad for your health. 过量饮酒对健康不利。
Jack is in bed with a heavy cold. 杰克因为重感冒而卧床不起。
It was raining heavily . 雨下得很大 。
2. But nobody was late , except me . 但是除了我之外,没有人迟到 。
【探究问题 辨析 】 except 、except for 、 besides 、beside 和 but的用法区别:
【指点迷津】
( 1 )except 是介词,意思是“除……之外(不包括在内)”,表示从整体中去掉一部分,是排除关系,句中要含有表示整体含义的词,如every,all 等。except 不用于句首。前后事物是同类的。如 :I like all fruits except bananas .除了香蕉之外,所有的水果我都喜欢。
We go there every day except Sunday . 除了星期天之外,我们每天都去那里。
The students went to the park except me . 除了我之外,同学们都去了公园。
( 2 )except for :意思是“除……之外”,表示说明整个基本情况之后,对细节加以纠正。(前后事物是不同类的 )。如:Your composition is very good except for a few mistakes. 除了几处错误之外,你的作文非常好。
总结:除去的和不除去的是同类事物时,用 except ;除去的和不除去的不是同类事物时,用 except for 。如:All of them went to the cinema except Tom . They all agreed that it was a wonderful film except for its song . 除了汤姆外他们都去看电影了。大家一致认为,除了歌曲外这部电影棒极了。
( 3 ) besides 意思是“除了……之外还有(包括后面的在内)”。表示“前后都符合情况,加上附带条件情况”,如:He is a great dancer besides a singer . 他除了是个歌手,还是有名的舞蹈家。
( 4 )beside 是介词,意思是“ 在……旁边附近。”
( 5 ) but “除……之外(不包括在内)”, 着重在整体,一般放在nohing 和 nobody 等否定词的后面。如 : I have nothing to do but stay at home . 我除了呆在家没什么事可干。
【甘肃兰州】— All the workers went home yesterday _____ Mr. White . Why ?
— Because he was on duty .
A . except B. besides C . except for D. beside
[ 解析 ] 根据答语可知Mr. White 在值班没有回家。所以要表示“除了……之外”,而不包括除了的部分,因此用except,所以选 A 。
【山东烟台 】根据汉语写词: Everyone else in my class was invited _____ ( 除了 )me , and I don' t know why .
[ 解析 ] 答案是except 。根据句意:“除我之外,班里的每个人都被邀请了,我不知道为什么。”从班里所有的同学里排除我应该用except 。
3. Maybe I should go to school by taxi. 或许我应该乘出租车去上学。
【探究问题】 maybe 和 may be 的用法有什么区别 ?perhaps 和probably 的用法有哪些? 你能说说表示乘某种交通工具的词by, in , on 和 take 等的用法区别吗?
【指点迷津1】
( 1 ) maybe 是副词,在句中做状语,意思是“可能,或许”,可用于句首或句中,也可以单独做答语。如:Maybe you are right . 也许你是对的。
Do you think he will come back ? Maybe.
( 2 ) may be 是情态动词+动词原形be ,在句中作谓语,意思是“可能是”。如: It may be in your pocket . 它可能在你的口袋里。
( 3 ) perhaps 意思和maybe较接近,在多数情况下两者可以互换。如 :Perhaps / Maybe I will go there alone . 我也许要一个人去那里 。
( 4 )probably :意思是“大概,很可能”,表示的可能性远远大于maybe 和perhaps 。如 :He probably told his father the matter . He usually tells his father everything .他很可能已经告诉他爸爸这件事了。他通常把一切都告诉他爸爸。
【指点迷津 2】 21世纪教育网版
by taxi 意思是“乘出租车”,是用“by+交通工具”表示交通方式,交通工具前不能加任何修饰词,其他的还有 by train / bus / ship / bike / plane 等 。
【交通方式的表达】 用介词表达: by 直接+交通工具; in / on + 限定词a / an / my /his 等+ 交通工具。
用动词表达:take + a / the + 交通工具bus,plane,train等
walk/ ride / fly / drive to + 地点
其中“in/ on +……+交通工具”结构中,名词前常有冠词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰语,并且名词用单复数都行。① 在bus,train ,boat ,plane,ship 等内有车厢、船舱的名词前用介词in / on 。②在bike ,motorbike 前用介词on ; 在car ,taxi前用介词in 。
【活学活用】 变同义句:
I go to school _____ bike = I go to school _____ my bike = I _____ a bike to school .
( 1 ) 【贵州安顺】I like going to school _____ my bike .
A. in B . on C. by D. at
( 2 ) — _____ do you go to school every day ?
— By bus.
A . How B. Why C . Where D. When
It' s the most comfortable way, but it is also the most expensive. 这是最舒适的方式,但也是最贵的方式 。
【探究问题】the most comfortable / expensive 是形容词comfortable / expensive 的什么形式? 什么情况下用形容词的这种形式?
【指点迷津】21世纪教育网版
comfortable / expensive 都是多音节形容词,前者意思是“舒适的”,后者意思是“昂贵的”。most comfortable 和 most expensive 是它们的最高级形式,分别表示“最舒适的”和“最昂贵的”。在含有最高级的句子中,为了说明比较的范围,一般在句末加 in 或 of 构成的词组。形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词the 。如:
Her bed is the most comfortable of the three . 她的床是这三张床里最舒服的。
His shoes are the most expensive in the shop . 他的鞋是店里最贵的。
【注意】当形容词的最高级前带有物主代词或名词所有格时,它的前面不能再用定冠词the了。副词的最高级前可以加the ,也可以不加the 。如:
①Today is their busiest day . 今天是他们最繁忙的一天。
② Of all the students , Danny is the most careful . 在所有的学生中,丹尼是最细心的。③ She does her homework ( the ) most carefully . 她做作业最细心。
【山东临沂 】 Breakfast is _____ meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food .
A. important B . most important C. the most important D. very important
[ 解析 ] 本题考查形容词最高级的用法。由比较的范围“ of the day ”以及“一日三餐”的常识,可知此处应该用important的最高级the most important ,前面要加the ,所以选 C .
5.But it' s a bit dangerous. 但是它有点难。
【探究问题】“a bit”和“a little”的用法有什么区别?dangerous 的反义词是什么?dangerous的名词是什么?它的名词对应的反义词是什么?
【指点迷津】*形式 cnjy*com
( 1 )a bit 和 a little 二者都可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级。如:
① I' m a bit (= a little ) hungry . 我现在有点饿。
② He is a bit(= a little ) afraid of the teacher . 他有点害怕老师。
③ His younger brother feels a bit(= a little ) better today . 他的小弟弟今天感觉好点了。
( 2 )a bit 和 a little 二者都可以修饰不可数名词,但 a little 可以直接用在名词前作定语,而 a bit 必须后跟of 后才可以用在名词前作定语。如:
④ Could you give me a little ( = a bit of ) water , please ? 请你给我点水好吗?
⑤ Danny has a little ( = a bit of ) money . 丹尼有点钱。
There ' s so much traffic . 交通太拥挤。*cnjy*com
【探究问题】so much ,so many ,too much ,too many 和 much too 的用法有什么区别?这里的There ' s 可不可以用There are?
【指点迷津】
( 1 ) so much : 如此多的,量较大的,修饰不可数名词。如 :
This Spring Festival there was so much snow in my hometown .今年春节我的家乡下了很多雪。
( 2 )so many :如此多的,量较大的,修饰可数名词的复数。如 :
In our library there are so many books for students and teachers to read . 在我们图书馆,有很多供老师和学生阅读的书。
( 3 )too much :太多的 ,强调超出正常范围的,修饰不可数名词。如:
There is too much traffic on the street . 大街上的车辆太多了。
( 4 )too many :太多的 ,强调超出正常范围的,修饰可数名词复数。如:
There are too many cars and buses on the street . 大街上有太多的小汽车和公交车。
( 5 )much too :“太,十分,非常 ”,相当于副词very ,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:
The machine is much too heavy . 这台机器实在是太重了。
【活学活用】
Nowadays students have _____ homework so most of them feel _____ tired.
A. too much ; too many B. too much ; much too
C . too many ; too much D. much too ; too much.
7. Her home is the closet to school , so she walks . 她家里离学校最近,所以她步行。
【探究问题】
句子中的closest是close的什么形式?close在这里是动词还是形容词?
【指点迷津】
closest 是形容词close(接近的,靠近的 )的最高级 ,意思是“最接近的,最靠近的”,close 可以当形容词“靠近的,接近的”,相当于near 。be close to 意思是“离……较近,邻近”,可表示空间、时间上的接近和关系上的亲密”。如:
① I don' t know the beach is so close . 我不知道海滩原来这么近。
② My home is close to the zoo .我家离动物园很近。 (表空间)
③ It' s close to ten o' clock now . 现在接近10点了 。(表时间)
④ She is very close to her sister . 她和她姐姐的关系很亲密。(表关系)
close 另外也可以当动词,意思是“关上,关闭”,反义词是“open”(动词“打开”)。open 也可以是形容词“ 开着的,开放的”,反义词是“closed ”(关着的,关闭的 )。

用所给的词的适当形式填空:
This village is the ______ ( beautiful ) one that we have ever visited(曾经参观过的).
In my opinion (在我看来),taking a taxi is ______ (relaxing ) way of going to work .
3. Danny , remember ______ (turn ) off the lights before you leave the room .
4. I think taking a bus is the ______ ( cheap ) way to go to work .
5. ______ ( go ) to school by taxi is the most expensive way , I think.
6.The museum is ______ ( crowd) with students .
7. Who can swim ______ (far ) , Tom , Tony or Nick ?
8. Taking a train is the ______ ( comfortable ) way to get there .
9. She is ______ ( worry ) about her daughter .
10 . Li Hua walks to school because he lives the ______ ( close ) to school .
二、火眼金睛选最佳:1*cnjy*com
( ) 1. _____ you will have better luck next time .
A. Maybe B. May be C. Possible D. May to be
( ) 2. No food is left in the fridge ______ some bread .
except B. except that C. besides D. except for
( ) 3.The bus was so ______ that Li Ling had to stand all the time .1*cnjy*co
A. free B. expensive C. busy D. crowded
( ) 4. Maria likes mountains and rivers . So she feels good to ______ nature .
A. be close to B. be far from C. be popular with D. be excited to
( ) 5. ______ , your daughter ' s illness is nothing serious. 1*cnjy*co
A. be careful B. bad luck C. Don ' t hurry D. Don ' t worry
( ) 6. 【贵州毕节】Her mother goes to work ______ bus every morning . 1*cnjy*co
A. by B. at C. on D. in
( ) 7. 【江苏 】I had to call a taxi because the box was ______ than I expected .
heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
( ) 8. 【湖北恩施 】Farmers are becoming ______ in our country these years . 1*cnjy*co
more and more rich B. rich and rich
C. richer and richer D. more rich and more rich
( ) 9. I think physics is the ______ of all the subjects . 1*cnjy*co
interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting
( ) 10. 【2013陕西】—It’s one of the___________ things in the world to stay with friends.
—I agree. It always makes us relaxed. *cnjy*co
A. worse B. happiest C. busiest D. hardest
三、 根据汉语完成句子:
1. 除了西红柿之外,他把盘子里所有的东西都吃了。
He ate everything on his plate tomatoes.
2 . 旅馆离这里不远。
The hotel is not here.
3. 此类事故经常发生。
like this all the time .
4. 我是坐出租车回家的。
I came home .
5. 她总是坐地铁上学。
She always to school .
小心!一辆汽车飞速地开过来了。
!A car is coming quickly .
我也喜欢绿色 ,和玛丽一样 。
I like green , too , Mary .
她现在感觉有点累,想休息一下。
He feels tired and wants to have a rest .

Unit 2 . What is the best way to travel ?

不看不讲
Ⅰ. 英汉短语互译:
1. 正打算计划去旅行 ________________________ 21世纪教育网
2. 最好的旅行方式 ________________________ 21世纪教育网
3. 信息越多越好 ________________________
4. 预订旅馆 ________________________
5. the third choice ________________________ 21世
6. 呆在市中心的外面,住在郊区 ________________________
7. It takes you about twelve hours to get there . ________________________
8. not cost as much as going by train________________________ 21世纪教育网
9. 第二最便宜的 ________________________
10. have to wait for hours at the airport. ________________________ 21
11. have a great trip ________________________
12. 因为坏天气 ________________________
Ⅱ.重点句型展示: 21世纪教育网
1.信息越多越好。
______ ______ information ______ ______ .
2 .乘火车旅行比乘长途客车旅行更令人放松。
A journey by train is______ ______ than ______ ______ .教育网
3. 这是最舒适的旅行方式。
This is the ______ ______way ______ ______ .
到那里花费你大约12个小时。
It ______ you about twelve hours ______ ______ there .
第三种选择是乘长途客车。
The third ______ is ______ ______ .
III.自主探究:带着下面这些问题阅读教材课文部分。
1. 文中提到了几种旅行方式?每种旅行方式的优点和缺点各是什么?尽量用文中的英语句子来回答。
2.阅读短文,按照从最贵到最便宜的顺序给旅行方式编号。 21世纪教育网
3. 你会在反复阅读课文的基础上完成下教材第29页Activity 3和Activity 4的概括填空吗?
4.试读教材中Activity2的课文不会读的单词在下面打“△”。试着把整个课文翻译成汉语,不会翻译不理解的在句子下打“?”试着自我总结找出文中的重要短语和句型,看谁找的又对又多?21世纪教育
不议不讲
一起来探究,你能掌握这些知识要点吗? 书中探宝
1. I am planning to travel from London to Amsterdam .我正计划着从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹的旅行。
【探究问题】
① plan to do sth的用法,这里的am planning 是现在进行时还是一般将来时?
② from …to…意思是什么?
【指点迷津】
plan在这里用作动词,意思是“计划,打算”,plan to do sth 意思是“计划做某事,打算做某事”,这里be planning to do sth 是用现在进行时态表达将要发生的动作。我们已经学过类似的可以用进行时表示将来的动词有:go,come ,leave 等。如:
They are leaving for Shanghai . 他们要动身去上海。
They are planning a trip to Beijing . 他们打算去北京旅行。
另外plan 也可以作名词,意思是“计划,方案”如:
What is his plan for the holiday ? 他假期有什么计划?
2. How long does the journey take and what is the best way to travel ? 旅行要花费多长时间?旅行的最佳方式是什么?
【探究问题】:① how long , how often , how far 和 how soon 的用法有什么区别?take表示花费有什么固定句型?②best 是什么形容词和副词的最高级?best 的反义词是什么?the best way to do sth 的同义短语是什么?其中的to do sth 作宾语、状语还是定语?
【指点迷津】
① how long意思是“ 多久,多长 ”用来询问时间长短或物体的长度。如:How long is the Great Wall ? 长城有多长?
表示时间延续多久时,后面要跟延续性动词。如:[译] 这本书我可以借多久?
[ 正确 ] How long may I keep the book ?
[ 错误 ] How long may I borrow the book ?
how often 意思是“多久一次”,用来询问动作发生的频率。 how far 意思是“多远”,用来询问距离。how soon 意思是“多久以后,要多久”,用来询问某个时间要在多久以后才发生,其答语常用“in + 时间段”。
【山东临沂】— have you lived with your grandparents ?— About three years.1世纪教育网
A. How long B. How many C. How much D. How often
[ 解析] 根据题意“ 你和你祖父母一起住了多久了?大约三年了。”所以选A 。
【 甘肃白银】— do you chat by QQ with your friend in Shanghai every week ?— Two hours. I have much homework to do every week . 1世纪教育
A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon
[ 解析] 根据题意由答语“两个小时”可知问句是询问“你每周和你在上海的朋友用QQ 聊多久?所以选 B 。
② best 在这里是形容词“good ”的最高级,在句中作定语或表语,前面要加定冠词the。best也可以是副词well 的最高级,在句中做状语。它前面可以加the ,也可以不加the。如:My best friend gave an interesting book to me .
His idea is the best .
I like English class ( the ) best .
best 的反义词是 worst ,意思是“最坏的(地 )”,是形容词bad和副词badly的最高级。
the best way to do sth = the best way of doing sth 的意思是“做某事的最好方法”,不定式to do 作后置定语,修饰way。
【巧学活用】你会用两种表达方式来表示“学英语最好的方法是每天练习讲英语”吗?
The more information , the better . 信息越多越好。
【自主领悟】 “ the + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示“越 ……,越 ……”。表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。如 :① The more you eat , the fatter you will be . 你吃的越多就会越胖。 你会把下面的②和③两句 翻译成汉语吗?
② The more you read , the cleverer you are .③ the faster you drive , the more dangerous you will be .
【探究问题】:比较级的特殊用法有哪些?
【指点迷津】21世纪教育网
① “比较级+ and +比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意思是“越来越……”。如:
He ran faster and faster . 他跑得越来越快。
② 表示两者之间较……的一个”常用“the +比较级+ of the two ”结构。如:Mary is the taller of the twins . 玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那一个。
【学以致用】21世纪教育网
( 1 ) 中国正变得越来越强大。China is becoming and .
( 2 ) 【湖南郴州】 The more careful you are , the mistakes you will make .
A. few B. fewer C.fewest
4. A journey by train is more relaxing than by coach , but a lot more expensive. 乘火车旅行比坐汽车旅行更令人放松,但是贵很多。
【探究问题】:在 形容词比较级前可以用哪些短语来修饰说明程度?a lot 和a lot of 用法有什么区别?
【指点迷津】
a lot “非常,十分”,修饰后面的比较级。在比较级前可以加 a lot , a little , a bit , much , even 和 still 等修饰词。 如:
It is much worse than I thought . 情况比我原来想的糟糕多了。
My headache is a lot better now . 我的头疼好多了。
I feel a little better . 我感觉好点了。
This will make our job even more difficult . 这将会使我们的工作更加困难。
你会把下面的两句翻译成汉语吗?
His room is a bit bigger than mine . Your composition is much better than ours .
【学以致用】21
如果你坐飞机去那里要快得多。
You will get there if you take a plane .
5. You can go by car and by ship across the North Sea. 你可以坐小汽车出发,乘船穿过北海*cnjy*c
【探究问题】across,cross , through 和 over 的用法有什么区别?1*cnjy*c
【指点迷津】 1*cnjy*c
across侧重指从物体的表面通过。是从一边到另一边。后跟street,road,bridge等词。cross 是aross 的动词形式。如:
We walked across the street = We crossed the street .
through 侧重指从某个立体空间的内部里面穿过。后面常跟forest ,city ,village ,tunnel(隧道 )等词。如: The train passed through the tunnel . 火车穿过隧道。
over 侧重指从物体的上方越过障碍物等。 如: the sheep jumped over the fence (篱笆,栅栏).
Book your ticket before you book your hotel . 订旅馆之前先把票订下来。
【探究问题】这里的book还是当名词“书”吗?Before和after,when等用法有什么区别?
【指点迷津】
book在这里是动词“预定 ”.如 :
I would like to book a table for two for 8 o' clock tonight . 我想订一张今晚8点的二人餐桌。
To get tickets , you have to book early . 你得早点预订才能买到票。
I will book a flight to London for you . 我将为你预定一个去伦敦的航班。
The third choice is by coach . 第三种选择是乘长途汽车。
【探究问题】choice 的动词形式是什么?与choice 相关联的短语或句型是什么?
【指点迷津】
choice 的动词形式是choose。choice当“选择”意思时,是可数名词,有复数形式。“make choices” 意思是“做出选择”。另外choice也可以当不可数名词,“选择权,选择的可能性”,常用于“have no choice but to do sth”结构中。表示 :“除了做某事,别无选择”。如: He had no choice but to leave . 他除了离开别无选择。
【江苏宿迁】The tourists had no c ______ but to wait for the next bus .
[ 解析 ] 除了等待下一辆公交车外,游客们别无选择。
And it takes you about twelve hours to get there. 并且你要花大约12个小时才到达那里。
【探究问题】 表示“花费”除了take外,还有哪些词?take表示花费的句型是什么?
表示“到达某地”有哪三个词?他们的具体用法是什么?
【指点迷津】
take表示花费时间有两种用法:
(1 )It takes sb some time to do sth . 某人花费多长时间做某事。(2 )sth takes some time .
某件事花费多少时间 。如: The journey to the airport takes about half an hour .到机场这段路花了大约半小时的时间。
【巧学妙用】 【广东中考】It took me two weeks reading novels written by Guo Jingming.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D. finishes
表示“到达某地”有arrive , get ,reach . 其中arrive 后加in+大地方;at+小地方。get 后+to +地点;reach 直接加地点名词。但是后跟地点副词here ,there 以及home 等时,arrive in/ at , get to 要去掉后面的介词in,at以及to .
9. However , it will not cost you as much as going by train .然而它花费的不如乘火车去花费得多。
【探究问题】
①however , but 和 while 都表示“然而,但是”,用法有什么区别?②各种“花费”:cost,spend , pay,take 用法有什么区别?③ cost as much as 是什么意思?
【指点迷津】
① however 是副词“然而,但是”,表示转折,不与 but 连用。当however位于句首时,其后加逗号;当它位于句中时,其前后都要加逗号;当它位于句末时,其前要加逗号。另外however也可以作连词,意思是“不管怎样,无论如何”=no matter。
but做连词表转折。语气最强,意思是“但是”。while表转折,语气较弱,是连词,意思是“然而”,用在两个并列分句之间,表示对比关系。如:
He wanted to take a holiday , however , he was ill . 他想去度假,然而他却生病了。
We were tired but happy . My father likes watching TV while my mother likes reading .
② cost :作动词时,通常用物(要买的东西)做主语,表示“某物花了某人多少钱”。如:
The ticket cost him 125 yuan .
另外cost还可以当名词,意思是“价钱,代价,本钱,成本”。
cost as much as :“花费和……一样多”,多指精力和金钱方面。as much as : 和……一样多,后跟不可数名词。as many as :也表示“和……多”,后跟可数名词的复数。
10.It is the fastest and the second cheapest , but you may have to wait for hours at the airport because of the bad weather . 这是最快、第二最便宜的方式,但是由于糟糕的天气,你可能得在机场等几个小时。
【探究问题】
①the second cheapest表示什么意思?与之相关的句型结构是什么?②must和have to 用法有什么区别?③ because和 because of 用法有什么区别?
【指点迷津】
①the second cheapest 意思是“第二最便宜的”,其结构为:“the +序数词+形容词最高级”,表示“第几最 ……的 ”如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China . 黄河是中国第二长河。
Is Nanjing the third largest city in China ? 南京是中国第三大城市吗?
② have to do sth :不得不做某事。have to “不得不,必须 ”,表示客观需要或义务要求某人做某事。后跟动词原形。have 有人称和时态的变化。否定形式don't have to= needn’t如:She has to stay at home and look after his little brother.他不得不在家照顾他妹妹。
must 表示主观意识必须要做某事。无人称和时态的变化。must 的否定形式mustn’t表示绝对禁止,意思是“一定不要”。试比较:
We must finish the work before 5 o' clock .
We have to finish the work before 5 o' clock .
③ because 是连词,后跟原因状语从句,或回答以why开头的问句。
because of是介词短语,后跟名词、代词、动名词等。
如: We spent 3 hours waiting in the rain . 因为你我们在雨里等了三个小时。
We can' t go out because of the heavy rain outside . 因为外面下着大雨,我们不能外出。
Why are you late ? Because I got up late this morning .
有时两者可以互换。如: He is absent today because of his illness = He is absent today because he is ill . 由于生病,他今天缺席。
【巧学妙用】
1) Bill can' t come to school his mother is ill . He take care of her in the hospital .
A. because ; must B. because of ; must C. because ; have to D. because of ; have to
2) 他因为粗心丢掉了工作。 He lost his job his carelessness.
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空:
1.Linda thinks traveling by plane is the best way ______ (get)there.
2. My second ______ (choose ) is by bus .
3. It often takes me half an hour ______ (do ) my homework .
4. This book is much ______ ( expensive) than that one .
5. The ______ ( careful ) you do , the fewer mistakes you will make ..
二、单项选择 :
( ) 1. — _____ does it take to finish your homework ? — For an hour.
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How soon.
( ) 2. The more you smile , the ______ you will feel .
A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. happier
( ) 3. Alice did not go to the park ______ her illness.
A. because B. but C. so D. because of .
( ) 4. — What a nice dress! How much did it _____ you ? — 100 yuan .
spend B. pay C. cost D. take
( ) 5. — I will go to Qingdao on vacation . — . ______ .
A. Well done B.Have a great trip C. Thanks D. You are welcome
( ) 6. It is a good ______ to practise English with foreigners.
A. subject. B. mistake C. choice D. matter
( ) 7.【广西玉林】 -----Peter is ______ than you , right ? ----- Yes , but he is______in our class .
A. heavier; best B. heavier; better C. heavier; the best D. heaviest; better
( ) 8. 【湖北黄冈】— Can you tell me why you learn English so well ?— It is very simple. ______ you work , ______ grades you will get .
The harder ; the best B. The hard ; the best
C. Harder ; better. D. The harder ; the better.
( ) 9.【广东佛山】She prefers football because she thinks it is ______ among all sports.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting
三、 从方框中选出合适的词,并用其正确形式填空:
   
1. The Changjiang River is the ______ longest river in the world .
2. She often buys some ______clothes in the clothes shops at the weekend.
3. Light ______ much faster than sound .
4. This choice is the cheapest., but in summer the coaches sometimes get ______ .
5. I like to take the ______ to the countryside to spend my holiday.
四 、根据汉语完成句子:
1. 他正计划明天上午去吃野餐。
He is have a picnic tomorrow morning .
2. 雨下得非常大,我们不得不呆在家。
The rain is very . We stay at home.
3. 徐涛和我有一样多的面包。
Xu Tao has bread I have .
4. 因为重感冒,萧雅今天没有去上学。
Xiao Ya didn' t go to school bad cold.
5.最受欢迎的飞机是波音747。
plane is the Boeyin 747 .
6. 乘公共汽车旅行最安全、最便宜。
It is the and way to travel by bus .
7. 从上海火车站到浦东机场怎样走最舒适 ?
What is way to get from Shanghai Train Station to Pudong
8. 美国人喜欢乘公共汽车旅行,因为它比乘小汽车安全。
Americans like to by bus because it is than .
根据句意和首字母提示补全单词:
He b a table for five for 7 o ' clock this evening yesterday .
They went on a long j across India .
You have a c . You can stay here or you can come with us .
I would like to go with you , h , I am too busy .



Unit 3 . Language in use .

不看不讲
Ⅰ. 写出下列形容词的最高级形式:
1.cheap ____________ 1* 2. safe ______________ cnjy*c
3. famous ____________ 4. modern ___________ 1*cnjy*c
5. crowded ____________ 6. popular _____________
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子:1*cnjy*c
1. 最受欢迎的方式是乘渡船。
_________ _________ _________ way is _________ _________ .
2. 去旅行的最昂贵的方式是什么?
_________ is the _________ _________ way to _________ ?
3. 上海是中国最大的城市之一。
Shanghai is _________ ________ the _________ _________ in China .
4 . 我认为最好的方式是乘火车。
I think _________ _________ _________ is by train . 1*cnjy*c
5. 我想去暖和的地方度假。
I would like to go ________ _________ on vacation.
III . 用所给的单词的适当形式填空:1*cnjy*c
1. What is the _____ (good )to travel from Beijing to Shanghai , by train , by plane or by car ?.
2. Who runs the _______ ( fast ) in your class ?
3. Tom is one of the _________ ( interesting ) boys in our class.
4. I think the _________ (easy )way to get to Beijing is by plane.
5. Flying is usually the _________ ( expensive ) way .
不议不讲
一起来探究,你能掌握这些知识要点吗? 书中探宝
1. This bus takes the _________ ( long ) time because it is the _________(slow). 这辆公共汽车花费最长的时间,因为它速度最慢。1*cnjy*c
【探究问题】the 后面的形容词应该用什么形式?短语take time的汉语意思是什么 ?
【指点迷津】1*cnjy*c
形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the , 所以the后面的形容词应该用其最高级形式。所以这里应该填longest, slowest。take time 意思是“花费占用时间”。
根据这一要点,同学们来完成课本第30页Activity 1 中的2到5题。
2. I am in a hurry. 我赶时间。 1*cnjy*c
【探究问题】短语in a hurry 的汉语意思是什么?这里的hurry是名词还是动词?你还记得hurry up 的汉语意思吗?
【指点迷津】21世纪
in a hurry 意思是“匆忙地、赶时间”。hurry在这里是名词。
如:Sorry ,I can' t stop . I am in a hurry . 对不起,我不能停下,我赶时间。
Why are you in such a hurry ? 你为什么如此匆忙?
be in a hurry to do sth = hurry to do sth 意思是“急着做某事”。
3. Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
【探究问题】thanks for的同义短语是什么 ?Thanks for 后跟动词时,动词用什么形式?thanks for 和 thanks to 的用法有什么区别?
【指点迷津】21世纪
thanks for意思是“因为 …… 而表示感谢”=thank you for . 后跟名词,代词或动名词。如: Thanks for your flower .
Thanks for inviting me .
Thanks for “因…… 而表示感谢”,后接感谢的原因。
Thanks to :“多亏了,由于”,后接名词或代词。
如:Thanks to CCTV , I can have the chance to thank them for their help . 多亏了中央电视台,我才有这个机会感谢他们的帮助。
4 . After Beijing we want to visit Xi ' an and Hangzhou ,and maybe somewhere else 北京之后我们想去参观西安、杭州,也可能是别的地方。
【探究问题】 somewhere 意思是什么?它是什么类型的副词?你能说出somewhere ,anywhere ,nowhere ,everywhere 的用法吗?
【指点迷津】21
这几个词都是不定副词,somewhere :“某地”,常用于肯定句中。anywhere :“某地”,常用于疑问句和否定句中。nowhere : “ 没有地方”,= not anywhere ,构成否定句;everywhere:“任何地方,到处”= here and there 。
【巧学妙用】
① —Where would you like to spend your vacation ?
— I' d like to go______ . I hate hot days.
A. cool somewhere B. somewhere cool C. hot somewhere D. somewhere hot
② —Did you see my pen ______ ?
— Sorry , I didn' t .
A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. everywhere
5. 本模块回顾整理:
( 1 )重点短语再回首:
① 乘出租车 ______ ② 远离 ______ ③ be close to ______
④ 坐地铁 ______ ⑤ because of ______ ⑥ in a hurry ______
⑦ 计划做某事 ______ ⑧ decide on the best way to get there ____________
⑨ there are a lot of interesting places to visit __________________
( 2 )精彩句型脱口秀: *cnjy*co
① 这是最舒适的方式,但也是最贵的方式 。It is _________ _________ _________ way ,but it is also _________ _________ _________
② 他住得离学校最远,所以他坐地铁。 He lives _________ _________ _________ school , so he _________ .
③ 她家离学校最近,所以她步行上学。Her home is _________ _________ _________ school,so she _________ .
④ 这是最快和第二便宜的方式。 It is _________ _________ and _________ _________ _________
( 3 ) 语法聚焦核心突破 :
形容词和副词最高级的构成:
【观察领悟】仔细观察例句,写出划线部分最高级的构成方式:
Tom is the tallest boy in his class . (最高级是由tall + _________ 构成 。)
My home is the close to our school . (最高级是由close + _________ 构成 。)
London is one of the biggest cities in the world .(最高级是由 big + _________ 构成 。)
Monday is the busiest day for me . (最高级是由 big + _________ 构成 。)
Tom ' s sister is the most beautiful of the three girls .(最高级是由 beautiful 在前面 + _________ 构成 。)
【 规律归纳】.:在单音节词或部分双音节形容词或副词后直接+ _________ 构成 。以不发音的字母e 结尾的,在词尾后+ _________ 构成 。以辅音字母+ y 结尾的,先变y 为 _________,再加_________ 。 以重读闭音节结尾并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先__________________,再加_________ 。 多音节的词和大部分双音节词,在单词前加_________ 。 某些形容词和副词的最高级是不规则的,需要特别记忆。如:good / well →_________ ; bad / badly / ill → _________ ; many / much →_________ ; little→ ________ ;
far→ _________ ).
形容词和副词的最高级的用法:
①表示三个或三个以上相比时,用最高级。形容词最高级前一定要加the ,但是当形容词最高级前有了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时,不加the;副词最高级前可加the 可不加the 。 如:Kate is my best friend . She did ( the ) most carefully of all the students.
② 在表达“第几(长、大、远等)时,要在形容词最高级前用序数词。即:the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
③one of + the + 形容词最高级+名词复数:“最 ……之一”
如: He is one of the greatest scientists in the world
④ 含有形容词最高级的句子可以和比较级的句子互换。
如:Li Hua is the thinnest in his class. = Li Hua is thinner than any other student in his class .
Ⅰ、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. Of all the subjects , I think English is the _________ ( interesting). It is _________ ( interesting ) than history .
2. The new plane travels _________ ( fast ) of all the planes in the world .
3. Lesson twelve is the _________ (difficult ) one in this book .
4. I think the _________ (cheap ) way to get to Shanghai from Guangzhou is by coach .*cnjy*co
5. He can jump _________ ( far ) in his class.
6. I want to get there as quickly as possible . What is the _________ ( fast ) way ?
7. Remember that parking in America is not as _________ (easy ) as that in Shanghai.
8. The fastest way to go to Tibet is by air but it is also the_________ ( expensive ) .
Ⅱ、火眼金睛选最佳:
( ) 1. Jack is good at drawing . I think no one draws _____ . 1世纪
A. better B. best C. worse D. worst
( ) 2. —Who can reach the book on the top of the shelf ?
— Jim can . He is ______ boy of us all . 21世纪
A. taller B. a tall C. the tallest D. much tallest
( ) 3. — Li Lei is ______ than you , right ? —Yes, but he is______ jumper in our class.
heavier; best B.heavier; better C. heavier; the best. D. heaviest; better.
( ) 4. I like buying the second- hand books because they are the ______ of all the books . 21世
cheaper B. cheapest C. more expensive D. most expensive
( ) 5.【江西】You should practise more to improve your English and then you will be ______ at it .21世纪
good B. the better C. best D. better*cnjy*co
( ) 6. — Which city is your favourite ? — Hangzhou ,of course.It is the _____ place that I want to visit . 1世纪
A. good B. worse C. better D. best
( ) 7. —Helen , have you ever been to Paris ,one of ______ cities in the world .— No, but one day I might go there on vacation .
A. more pleasant B. most excited C. more wonderful D. the most exciting
( ) 8.【 湖北襄阳】—Helen ,can I wear jeans and T-shirt to the school talent show ?
— OK. But a dress might be ______ 21世纪
A. good B. bad* C. better D. worse cnjy*co
III、 词汇串记:21世纪
According to the report , there was a road 1 (交通事故 )on March 12th ,2013.
A coach from Enshi to Guangzhou fell from the Changjiang River Bridge in Jingzhou . Fourteen passengers lost their lives and nine passengers were hurt. Maybe it was the worst news those days. Then 2 (哪一种方式)is the safest ?I think the safest way to travel is by train , though the train station is usually 3 4 (远离)the city center. A 5 ( 旅行)by train is more relaxing than by coach. We can see lots of interesting things. If we 6 (预定)our train tickets before we travel , it is usually cheaper .Also coaches are very 7 (拥挤的). A journey by plane is more comfortable than by train. 8 (然而 ),it 9 (花费)more money. So I think traveling by train is the best 10 ( 选择). *cnjy*co
Ⅳ、根据汉语完成句子:
我们应该骑自行车去上学。 We should go to school _________ _________.
他住得离学校最远 。 He lives the _________ _________ school .
你为什么这么急?怎么了? Why are you _________ a _________ ? What happened ?
乘公共汽车到那里将花费你半小时的时间。
It will _________ you half an hour _________ get there by train .
他总是通过发电子邮件和汤姆交流。
He always communicates with Tom _________ _________ e-mails.
她越忙,就感到越高兴。
_________ _________ she was , _________ _________ she felt .

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